Magnolia: methods of reproduction of an aristocratic shrub

Thursday, 08 March 2020 07:31 + in the quote pad

The beautiful delicate plant magnolia kobus evokes a special charm in spring, with its fragrant large flowers, and attracts the eye with unusual decorative leaves and very bright fruits during the growing season.

Magnolia is propagated by a seedling or cuttings, but this tree can also be grown from seeds. This process is laborious and requires a lot of effort and care from the gardener.

HOW TO GROW MAGNOLIA SEEDS

Magnolia seeds need to be peeled off before planting. To do this, the seed is left at room temperature for a while, when the seeds fall out, they are immersed in water for 2-3 days. Swollen seeds, for better cleansing, need to be wiped through a sieve, then washed in soapy water (use only laundry soap). This is done in order to rid the magnolia seeds of oiliness, then they must be thoroughly washed from soapy water, if these procedures are not carried out, then most likely they will become moldy.

Magnolia - a tree of unique beauty

The beautiful delicate plant magnolia kobus evokes a special charm in the spring, with its fragrant large flowers, and during the growing season attracts the eye with unusual decorative leaves and very bright fruits.

Magnolia is propagated by a seedling or cuttings, but this tree can also be grown from seeds. This process is laborious and requires a lot of effort and care from the gardener.

How to germinate magnolia seeds

Growing magnolias from seeds - simple tips for gardeners

Magnolia is propagated by a seedling or cuttings, but this tree can also be grown from seeds. This process is laborious and requires a lot of effort and care from the gardener.

Choose a place for replanting a plant in a high place without stagnant water. The plant does not tolerate getting wet and vomits. Magnolia seeds can be sown outdoors with at least 10cm deep furrows. Crops for the winter are insulated with dry mulch or leaves with a layer of 20-25 cm. In the spring, the insulation is removed together with the top layer of soil to a sowing depth of 3-5 cm. If the soil is left unchanged, the seedlings will lag behind in the first year.

The best option is to sow the magnolia seeds in a deep container of soil around December. The depth of the container is important, since the plant has a long taproot, and if there is not enough space for its development, the plant will wither. Water abundantly and cover on top to prevent the soil from drying out.Store the container in a basement with a temperature of 0, +5 degrees. In early spring, you can move to a warm, bright room. Seedlings are planted in open ground in the second year, magnolia should be watered very carefully, since in the early vegetative period the plant is susceptible to the disease "black leg".

How to propagate magnolia: by cuttings, from seeds, terms, growing rules, photos, videos

Magnolia can be propagated in several ways without acquiring new seedlings to increase the shrub population. But in order for a shrub propagated at home to successfully take root, it is necessary to clearly understand the rules for growing.

How magnolia reproduces

In general, the magnolia tree reproduces in 2 main ways:

vegetative propagation, cuttings of an adult shrub or layering are taken for it;
seed propagation - magnolia is grown directly from seed.

In practice, vegetative methods are used more often, since reproduction is easier and allows you to quickly grow a decorative beautiful shrub. But reproduction from seeds also has its advantages, this method allows you to maintain the purity of the variety and get a plant with increased endurance.

How to propagate magnolia by cuttings

Cutting is the easiest and most affordable way to get a new plant from an existing shrub. Even novice gardeners can cope with the propagation of magnolia by cuttings at home, since there is nothing complicated in this process.

Recommended timing

Magnolia cuttings are traditionally carried out in the spring. During this period, the shrub awakens to active growth, therefore, the cuttings will take root and get stronger much faster than in autumn. Regardless of whether the cutting is planted directly into the open ground or first in a closed container, during spring planting, its adaptation will be more successful.

Magnolia propagates using cuttings

The article discusses reproduction by cuttings and seeds. Think of another way to double the beauty of a garden - layering. This kind will be applied to shrubs. In the spring, twigs should be bent to the ground and pinned. A small amount of loose earth is poured on top, forming a slide.

Ways to help speed up root formation:

Make a small annular cut in the center of the buried part of the shoot.
Overtighten with wire.

The methods are also used in order to obtain several seedlings as a result. Moreover, young plants can be obtained quite quickly (up to 3 years). It is faster than with seeds and cuttings.

From the beginning of May to the middle of the first month of summer, air layers can be prepared. On the branch, where you would like to get the roots, make a small incision, or completely remove the bark in a circle 2-3 centimeters wide. Be extremely careful, cutting and damaging the wood is contraindicated.

The resulting wound, and the entire part above it, is treated with an agent to stimulate root growth (for example, heteroauxin). Gently cover with moistened moss and wrap with foil. So that the moisture does not evaporate, the edges are tied with a string.

A branch with an air layer becomes heavier so that it does not break with strong gusts of wind, it is tied to nearby branches.

Moss needs to be moistened periodically, especially on hot days. On average, moisturizing is carried out several times a month. For convenience, use an ordinary syringe.

After 2-3 months, good and strong roots are formed on the shoot. In the fall, the cut is cut from the parent branch. It is not recommended to plant it in open ground for the winter; it is better to grow it at home.

If the cut was cut in the summer (early August), it can be planted in the garden. For the winter, such a layer will need a good and warm shelter.

Where to get the right magnolia sapling?

The only question is, where to get it - magnolia, and how to choose the right one for your region? The easiest way is to go to your local botanical garden and / or garden center and explore their range. If magnolias grow and are sold, then they can grow in your area too.

Here, however, there is one difficulty - the cost of seedlings is high, and not everyone will be able to afford to risk money with an unpredictable result (after all, magnolias may not survive the first harsh winter). It is advisable to play it safe by learning how to propagate magnolia on your own in large quantities, so that in the event of a particularly harsh winter, you have a supply of your seedlings.

Reproduction of magnolia by cuttings

An excellent way to completely preserve the varietal characteristics of the plant, but this is difficult and not for everyone. It is advisable to take cuttings in spring and from young plants. That is, you must already have such a plant with yourself or your friends. And the temperature regime should be strictly observed (+ 22 ... + 25 degrees).

Reproduction of magnolia by layering

The method has the same advantages - all varietal characteristics are fully preserved, but even here it is necessary to have a parent specimen “at hand”. And there are not always branches that are convenient to bend them to the ground and fix them in this position for the entire rooting time.

Reproduction of magnolia by seeds is not a quick process, but, in my opinion, an interesting one. Here we will talk about it in more detail today.

Magnolia blooms very early, earlier than most trees. <игорь билевич="" бывают="" магнолии="" листопадные="" и="" вечнозелёные,="" бывают="" в="" виде="" небольших="" кустарников="" и="" высоких="" деревьев.=""><игорь билевич="" цветёт="" магнолия="" на="" протяжении="" целого="" месяца.=""><игорь>

Shelter

Despite the fact that the magnolia, which is cultivated in our country (kobus, star-shaped and their hybrids) is winter-hardy, shelter will not hurt her. After all, even small return frosts can harm annual shoots and flower buds. To avoid frostbite, simply wrap the trunks in 2 layers of burlap. But remember: this must be done very carefully, magnolia has very fragile branches! The tree trunk circle also needs shelter, only it is necessary to cover it in late autumn, after the soil slightly freezes: this is the only way mice cannot equip their dwelling in the shelter.

Collecting magnolia fruits

Magnolia blooms very early, earlier than most trees, in April, and some species even in March. Although the large-flowered magnolia blooms in summer (but this is a very southern option). In recent years, due to climate change, re-flowering can sometimes occur around the end of summer.

Magnolia blooms for a whole month. The flowers are large, bright, up to 20 cm or more in diameter. Depending on the variety, the flowers can be white, pink, purple, red, lilac, solid, or edged and striped.

By the fall, fruits are formed from the flowers. In some species, they are cylindrical, in some they resemble cones.

These are the fruits we will collect. The easiest way to do this is in botanical gardens or parks, in the area where they are grown. True, it is worth understanding that, having collected the fruits of magnolia in the southern regions, there is no guarantee that the plants grown from them will survive your colder winter.

Magnolia species

A flowering tree has several types:

Cobus. A small tree, reaching a height of 5 meters. It has been growing for about 30 years. Before the first leaves appear, the tree is already covered with flowers in the form of cups. Does not tolerate severe frosts very well, some buds die.
Star-shaped. Areola habitat - humid mountain forests. It reaches a height of up to 3 meters. Flowers in appearance resemble small stars. The plant tolerates frost well, and already blooms actively from April.
Lebner. A hybrid of a star magnolia and a cobus. It reaches a height of up to 5 meters, grows for about 25-28 years. In severe frosts, the buds partially freeze. It begins to bloom in April, before the leaves appear.
Naked. The Chinese are very fond of this kind. It can reach a height of up to 15 meters. The flowers are cupped, white or creamy.Endures frosty weather without loss.
Lily flower. Prefers a humid climate. It can grow as a small tree or a bush. It begins to bloom in May and until July. The flowers are slightly narrowed. It transfers frosts with freezing of shoots. This type of magnolia is recommended to be planted in an area with moderate humidity and no cold winds.
Soulange. A hybrid of a naked magnolia and a lily flower. It grows mainly in the form of a tree. Under good conditions it can reach up to 8 meters. Flowering begins in April. In severe frosts, it bears losses.
Inversely ovate. It can reach a height of up to 30 meters. Has large leaves. Suffers frost without loss. Prefers a humid climate. It is recommended to plant in the shade.
Cuvenskaya. It is a hybrid. It grows in the form of a tree. The color palette is white, the flowers are like small bells with a delicate aroma. It begins to bloom in April. All wood has an aniseed scent. Grows fast enough, tolerates frost without loss.

Preparing seeds for stratification

Now you need to extract the seeds themselves from the fruits. In magnolias, the seeds are surrounded by a red oily shell (scientifically - sarcotest). This shell prevents the seeds from drying out. Dried magnolia seeds lose their germination. That is why do not buy dry seeds, they must be either in their natural shell, or packed in something moist.

The next step, perhaps, is not entirely pleasant - we cleanse the seeds from this very juicy shell (sarcotests). The easiest way to do this is with your nails.

Cleaned magnolia seeds should be rinsed in water and liquid dish detergent. This is necessary in order to wash off the remnants of the oily liquid that protects the seeds (it prevents their germination).

Magnolia fruits. <игорь билевич="" очищаем="" плоды="" магнолии.=""><игорь билевич="" промываем="" очищенные="" семена.=""><игорь>

Sowing stratified magnolia seeds in the ground

Prepare a container or crate around mid-January (depending on the number of seeds). Do not forget that there must be holes in it to drain excess water. Fill this container with a good, loose and fertile mixture. Additives of vermicompost (for nutritional value) and vermiculite (for moisture retention) are welcome.

In this mixture, sow stratified magnolia seeds to a depth of 3 cm and send the crops to a light and warm windowsill. Although light is not necessary yet. In fact, the seeds will need another two months to appear "in the light of day." And do not forget to water the seemingly empty container all this time.

Already by March 8, the first shoots of magnolia should appear, this is where light is vital for plants, so they want a southern window sill and artificial lighting.

At this stage, differences in the growth rate of different species are clearly visible. I had the fastest growing magnolias of Soulange, Lebner and obovate, large-flowered. Although, perhaps this is due to differences in soil mixture and location (this issue is poorly understood).

So what is next — regular watering and, if desired, fertilizing with fertilizers for seedlings. Magnolias are quite tenacious and, with good care, grow well even in the first year. In different species, their height for the first season ranges from 10 cm to 30 cm.

Of course, the described process can be simplified by immediately sowing the seeds, without cleaning and washing into the soil mixture, and put them in a refrigerator or basement, but, as practice shows, germination will be lower. If you need 1-2 magnolia seedlings, do so, but if you are targeting a large number, then it is better to use the above and proven technology.

What to do at the end of the growing season with grown magnolia annuals? In southern regions with rare and not severe frosts, they can be safely planted in the ground, only sometimes when the temperature drops below 0, making them an easy shelter. In the northern regions, where frosts are constant in winter, planting should be delayed until spring, or better - another year, so that the seedlings get stronger. Seedlings of deciduous magnolias should overwinter at a temperature of + 0 ... + 5 degrees, it is possible without light (in the basement).

My flower garden!

Recorded on 01/10/2017 Author Alena

Magnolia large-flowered

Magnolia is an ornamental plant of the family of the same name Magnoliaceae. This genus unites trees and shrubs of a fairly diverse appearance, while both deciduous and evergreen species are found. On the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and in the Crimea, magnolia Sulange and large-flowered magnolia are traditionally grown; for central Russia, magnolia cobus, long-pointed magnolia, star magnolia and Loebner hybrid magnolia are more suitable, the winter hardiness of which is an order of magnitude higher than that of the first two species. It should be remembered that plants propagated in your climate are more resistant to unfavorable weather conditions, and not brought from warmer regions. At the same time, it is advisable to take both seeds and cuttings from specimens already adapted to cold winters. And although reproduction by seeds of magnolia is quite a long process, the result will exceed your expectations. After all, the bloom of this green beauty is a truly extraordinary sight. how to grow magnolia from seeds, let us dwell in more detail on the types of this plant used in ornamental floriculture, since each of them has certain characteristics, differing from its counterparts in soil and moisture requirements, growth rate, and winter hardiness.

Long-pointed magnolia, or magnolia cucumber (Magnolia acuminata) is a spreading tree (up to 30 m in height) and is often used for landscaping in Europe. In Russia, this species looks more modest, reaching a height of only 3 m, the plant can be formed in the form of a tree or shrub. The leaves are large (15 - 20 cm in length) elliptical, the upper side is dark green, the lower is silvery. Flowering begins during or after the blooming of the leaves, the flowers are yellowish-green. They do not stand out too much against the background of foliage. However, varieties with ‘Blue Opal’ and greenish yellow (‘Kinji’) corolla colors have been bred.

Pointed magnolia is photophilous, but it can grow in partial shade. It is preferable to choose a place protected from the wind for it, since the shoots are quite fragile and break easily. Belongs to the 4th climatic zone, withstands frosts down to -34 ° C. Moderately demanding on the soil, grows well on moist, well-drained loamy, moderately fertile soils with a slightly acidic reaction of the environment.

Magnolia stellata is a slow-growing shrub with a height of about 2 - 4 m. In a year, this species grows only 15 - 20 cm. In spring, graceful snow-white flowers about 7 - 10 cm in diameter, with a light aroma, appear on stellate magnolia even before the leaves bloom. The 'Rosea' variety has a light pink corolla, while the 'Royal Star' variety has vigorous growth and larger white flowers than the original form. Plants of the ‘Chrysanthemiflora’ variety are decorated with double pale pink flowers in spring, ‘Alixeed’ has cup-shaped flowers, they do not fully open into a plane. ‘Waterlily’ is characterized by large white multi-petalled flowers.

Magnolia star

Magnolia stellate feels great in sunny areas protected from the wind with loamy well-drained and humidified soils rich in humus with a slightly acidic reaction of the environment. It is reconciled with alkalinization of the soil. Less winter-hardy than pointed magnolia, it belongs rather to the 5th climatic zone with winter temperatures up to - 28 ° C. In cold areas, it is optimal to plant star magnolias near the southern walls of buildings.

Magnolia Soulange

Magnolia soulangeana - a slow-growing species, blooming at the beginning of the opening of the leaves with dark pink tulip flowers. Photophilous, although it can withstand slight shading.Prefers drained, moist, humified loams, the reaction of the soil environment is slightly acidic. Young shoots often freeze over in winter; in spring they suffer from recurrent frosts. 6th climatic zone with a decrease in temperature to - 23 ° С.

Magnolia grandiflora (Magnolia grandiflora) naturally grows in the southeastern United States, where it is found in swampy forests and reaches a height of about 30 m. It is an evergreen tree with dense leathery dark green leaves. In our country, large-flowered magnolia can be seen in the Krasnodar Territory and in the Astrakhan Region. Its flowering begins at the end of May and can last almost all summer. Single large white flowers (up to 25 cm in diameter) open at the ends of the shoots. They are very showy, smell good and attract insects. Fruits - multileaf with red juicy seed coat - also look very decorative. The cultivation of this type of magnolia is possible in the 7-10 climatic zone, where the temperature does not drop below - 17 ° C.

Tree - large-flowered magnolia Compound fruit of large-flowered magnolia Magnolia seeds

Magnolia kobus - deciduous tree with a height of 9 - 12 m, we have 4 - 6 m. The shape of the crown is vertical, the bark is gray. Leaves are elongated, about 10 cm long. In early spring, before the leaves bloom, numerous fragrant white flowers up to 10 cm in diameter appear on the cobus magnolia. Birds often peck at flower buds because they like their taste. 4th climatic zone.

As a result of crossing the star magnolia and the cobus magnolia, a hybrid form was bred - Loebner's magnolia (Magnolia loebnerii)... This plant combines the winter hardiness of the cobus magnolia and the graceful beauty of the star magnolia. The hybrid is a tree about 4 m in height, on which pinkish-white flowers with a delicate pleasant aroma bloom in April.

Magnolia willow (Magnolia salicifolia) Is a beautiful deciduous tree with a smooth silvery-gray bark native to Japan. Fragrant white flowers appear on the plant in early spring. Quite frost-resistant species - 4th (according to some sources, 3rd) climatic zone. If you are new to gardening, it is best to start growing magnolia from seed with this species. Seedlings will delight you with their flowering within 5 - 6 years after sowing.

In general, all types of magnolias can be propagated in three ways: by cuttings, grafting and seeds. Seed propagation is most effective for amateur gardeners, since it does not require special skills (like grafting) and it is much easier to acquire seeds than cuttings.

So, magnolia seeds are in an oily red shell, from which they must be cleaned before sowing. It is best to sow freshly harvested seeds right in the fall. Any breathable substrate with a slightly acidic reaction of the medium will do. Sowing is carried out in seedling boxes or pots, the soil is moderately moistened and stored in this state until spring at a temperature of 0 - 6 ° C.

In the spring, the seeds stratified in this way awaken, and the first shoots appear, they can be rather uneven. Seedlings are kept in a bright place, watered regularly. They grow slowly, and only in the middle of summer do they develop the first true leaves. Annual seedlings are not yet ready to withstand the harsh Russian winters, so until next spring they are kept in a cool room (in a greenhouse, on a terrace, a loggia, etc.).

In the second year, in the spring, the plants dive into separate pots, are regularly fed and watered throughout the summer. During this time, they reach a height of about 1m (depending on the species). In the south of Russia, such seedlings can already be planted in open ground, in more northern regions it is better to wait until the third spring. For the winter, it is advisable to mulch the soil around the magnolias; small specimens can be wrapped in burlap in order to protect them from severe frosts.

Magnolia is an unusual plant for our gardens, it can transform the entire site, most often it is planted as a tapeworm against the backdrop of a lawn. Shrub magnolias star-shaped and Sulange will perfectly fit into compositions with coniferous species and decorative flowering shrubs. Lovers of the exotic should definitely try to grow magnolia from seeds in order to replenish their collection of rare plants.

Did you like the article? Share with your friends

Ornamental plants ornamental flowering trees and shrubs

← Review of the seeds of viola varieties Erlin and Gzhel patterns
Volzhanka is a moisture-loving beauty for a mixborder →

When to plant magnolia

Many gardeners agree that it is better to plant magnolia in the fall. At this time, the physiological processes in the seedling slow down, the seedling, as it were, "falls asleep" for the winter. It is better to plant seedlings in autumn in mid-late October, choosing a period when there is still no frost, but the daytime temperature is also not high.
Gardeners have different opinions regarding planting in spring. On the one hand, it is believed that young seedlings with a good root system can be planted in spring, so as not to waste growth time during the autumn-winter dormant period. But at the same time, there is a risk that even a small frost will destroy the delicate sensitive seedling.

Whether to take the risk of a spring planting is up to you. But it is worth considering that a seedling planted in the fall in compliance with all the requirements of planting technology always takes root. But a seedling affected by frost will need a long rehabilitation, and whether it will help is still a big question.

Video: how to sow magnolia seeds

If you plan to plant seeds directly into open ground, it is important to choose the right place. In southern hot areas, trees grow better in shaded areas. And in areas with colder climates, magnolia is planted in sunny places. Water should not stagnate on a well-lit area. The grooves are made at least 10 cm deep. To prevent the crops from freezing in winter, the garden bed is covered with mulch or a layer of dry leaves 20-25 cm thick. In the spring, the insulation is removed.

Planting magnolia seedlings in open ground

When planting magnolia seedlings in open ground, the location should be carefully selected. Magnolia has fragile roots and transplants from place to place, she does not like and experiences them painfully.

A place should be chosen protected from winds and drafts, with a lot of sun, and in the southern regions, on the contrary, slightly shaded.

Magnolia does not like heavy, clayey, sandy, waterlogged and calcareous soils (capricious, but beautiful), so prepare the planting hole and soil mixture according to all the rules, taking into account its requirements.

Magnolias usually grow actively not in summer, but in late summer and early autumn.

Seed propagation of magnolias allows you to grow plants that are resistant to the winters in your area, especially if the seeds are collected from parents growing in colder climates.

Me and my four year old magnolia seedlings. <игорь>

Sowing seeds

The first grains germinate 4 months after stratification. This means it's time to plant them in open soil (use a pot or box). Magnolia, grown from the grains, has a very powerful root shaft. Therefore, it is recommended to select a container for breeding and transplanting with a board height of 30 cm or more. If this is not done, the root will constantly rest against the bottom, from which the magnolia stops growing and dies. If all the rules are observed, by the beginning of autumn, the height of the seedlings should be about 15 - 20 cm.

The health of your plant depends on the kind of care you provide to the seedlings. The first 20 days will be the most important. During this period, try to create the most comfortable conditions for seedlings.

In order for the reproduction of magnolia by seeds to give the desired result, simple rules must be followed:

Make sure that in the room where the seedlings stand, there is always a stable humidity and air temperature.
Avoid drafts. The air in the room must be supplied evenly.
Seedlings require 4 - 6 hours of light daily (natural sunlight or from fluorescent lamps).
Until the seedlings are planted in open soil, constantly monitor the soil moisture. Regular watering will help to maintain it at the right level.
You can fertilize the soil a little with small doses of mineral fertilizers.
After 7 - 10 days, the first shoots will appear. Get rid of non-viable shoots so that strong shoots have enough room to grow.

Planting and care rules

If you are buying a finished seedling, inspect it carefully. The root system must be closed.

The choice of soil has already been mentioned above. It can be concluded that the best place for planting magnolias is the sunny side of the garden, protected from wind and drafts, with good and fertile soil.

Most gardeners are of the opinion that planting a seedling should be done in the fall. During this period, the tree stops developing. In addition, frost has not yet hit the street, but there is no longer any heat.

There are several opinions about the spring planting. Some people believe that magnolia can be planted in the spring, like other seedlings. Others are convinced that planting in spring will kill the tree. The reason for this is possible frost, which a fragile tree will not tolerate. Rehabilitation is unlikely to bring positive results.

Of course, each owner decides for himself when to plant seedlings in his garden. But keep in mind that the magnolia planted in the fall takes root almost 100%.

After you have decided on the time and place of landing, you can go to dig a hole. It is made several times larger than the root system of a tree. A little of the soil taken from the pit must be mixed with rotted compost. After preparing the ground, the seedling is carefully lowered into the hole and covered with earth. Magnolia roots are tender, so you shouldn't go too deep. After planting, a hole should form around the trunk. The soil in it is trampled down and watered abundantly. After absorbing water, the circle near the trunk should be mulched, or covered with coniferous bark.

Caring for magnolia is not so serious, but some points should still be given due attention. In the first years after planting, the tree is very demanding for watering. It must be carried out as often as possible, and with plenty of water. Drying of the soil is contraindicated on hot days.

Watering is fine, of course, but care should be taken to maintain moisture. Mulching will help with this. In winter, mulch retains heat well, and does not dry out in summer. In addition, it is an excellent source of essential nutrients that nourish the soil and improve its structure.

In winter, the tree needs to be provided with shelter. Mostly frost-resistant varieties are planted, but insulation is still necessary, since there is a risk of reverse frost. Warming is carried out by wrapping the trunk with sacking in several layers. They do this very carefully, because magnolia is very fragile and delicate.

In November, you need to take care of the shelter of the near-barrel trunk. The procedure is carried out as soon as the first frost hits. Do you think why they are covering the frozen ground? Therefore, so that residents (for example, mice) do not start in the shelter.

If partial freezing of the tree still occurs, pruning is carried out in the spring. All branches are cut to a healthy part. A garden pitch is used to lubricate the cut points. Even if the tree has overwintered successfully, pruning is also necessary. All dry and lifeless branches are removed, and those that have crossed inside the crown.

Magnolia formative pruning is not required.

Like any other plant, magnolia needs feeding. But you don't need to do this for the first few years after planting.

Seedlings that have reached the age of three need to receive nutrients. Therefore, in the spring, top dressing is applied. Fertilize a tree from spring to the end of summer.

Nitrogenous fertilizers will be beneficial, but they can only be applied until mid-summer. The reason for this is the increase in freezing.

You can prepare top dressing at home yourself. To do this you need:

Ammonium nitrate - 20 grams.
Urea - 15 grams.
Mullein - 1 kilogram.
Water - 10 liters.

Everything is thoroughly mixed in one container. One tree should have about 40 liters of solution.

If you don't want to waste time preparing the fertilizer, you can purchase it at any flower shop. Products for fertilizing magnolia:

AGRECOL "For Magnolia".
"Kemira-Universal".

The rules for breeding and use are described in detail in the instructions.

On a note! Don't get carried away with fertilizing. A lot does not mean good. Over-feeding can be harmful.

If in the middle of summer you notice that the leaves on your tree are actively turning yellow, this indicates an overdose of drugs. To remedy the situation, provide the tree with active watering.

Rodents can cause irreparable damage to the tree, they damage the root collar and roots. Also, you should be wary of moles that undermine the root system. If pests have damaged the trunk, apply a foundation solution (1%) to it.

The spider mite causes great harm, it begins to be active during dry days. It sucks out all the vital juices from the inside of the leaf. Such leaves die off and fall off. Inspect the tree often to avoid complete infection. At the first sign, remove all affected parts and treat with actelik. There are other drugs as well. Be sure to read the instructions before use.

Propagation by cuttings

Gardeners prefer propagation by cuttings primarily because flowering occurs earlier. With the help of cuttings, hybrid varieties of magnolias are grown. If a tree is propagated by seed, it will lose its maternal qualities.

Almost all plant species begin to bloom in April. Cuttings for propagation must be cut off before the buds begin to set on the tree. For the landing to take place successfully, you must make the right choice of terrain. In places where the wind is constantly walking, there is a draft, the tree will not survive. Magnolias need a place well protected from such phenomena. For example, a tree can be planted near a high fence, or near the wall of a house.

Magnolia soil should be neutral, and you can also slightly acidify it. Soil containing lime will destroy the root system of the plant. Young cuttings have no chance of development under such conditions. Growing in such soil will not be successful. Not suitable for magnolias and soil containing sand.

The optimum soil for the tree is fertile and light. In the weighted version, magnolia will not take root.

It is best to choose a young plant for grafting, which is only a few years old. It is healthy and full of strength, which means it can pass them on to the new generation, and at the same time it itself will not suffer.

Ideal cuttings look like this:

The top is green.
The lower part is stiff.

Such a stalk will cope with all the difficulties associated with planting in open ground. It is recommended to cut the green stalk in the evening or in the morning.

The ideal time for planting cuttings is the last days of June, the first days of July. During this period, climatic conditions are conducive to good development. A few leaves should remain on the upper part of the cutting. If they are very large, it is allowed to cut a half.

So that the cuttings do not lose water, they either plant it immediately, or store it wrapped in a pact in the refrigerator.

So that germination is faster, small cuts are made from the bottom of the cutting (preferably with a blade), and processed with growth stimulants.To avoid fungal diseases, fungicide treatment can be carried out.

In order for the stalk to successfully take root, develop well and grow, it is better to start growing from greenhouse conditions. In this case, you can independently control air humidity, soil moisture, and other factors.

Cuttings take root best in a sandy substrate.

In order for the cuttings to germinate quickly enough, a certain temperature regime should be maintained - 20 ° C, and in no case less. In such conditions, germination will be in almost 2 months (about 7 weeks). Throughout this period, magnolia needs attention and care. Violations of the temperature regime will lead to death, and regardless of whether the temperature drops or rises.

It is very important to monitor the moisture content of the soil. Watering should be moderate. Drying out will not benefit the cuttings, and excessive moisture will lead to rotting of the root system. Also, due to the large amount of water, cuttings may slow down in growth.

The total growing period for magnolia from cuttings lasts about 4 months. After this time, your garden will be decorated with a magnificent flowering tree.

Magnolia species that have large flowers take longer to root.

Disadvantages of seed propagation of magnolias

This method of breeding magnolias, of course, has two significant drawbacks.

If you like this or that variety, and you managed to find and collect its seeds, unfortunately, you will not get varietal characteristics as a result. With seed propagation, only the species characteristics of this plant are preserved.
Magnolias grown from seeds will bloom not soon, in 10 years (but time is fleeting!)

But anyway, any magnolia is beautiful! And even more so - grown independently!

Vegetative propagation

For gardeners, vegetatively grown plants are desirable because they usually enter the flowering phase earlier than seed plants.

For an effective application of the method of air layering in southern Primorye, you need to know that the earliest (early, mid-May) are the best dates. It is necessary to separate the layers no later than August 10 and place them for growing. In the autumn period, it is imperative to cover it with insulating material for the winter (Petukhova, Vaskovskaya, Turkenya, Starodubtsev, 1987). If the cuttings are separated from the mother plant in late August or early September, then they can only be grown in a greenhouse.

When using a heteroauxin concentration of 20 mg / ml for air layers, no positive results were obtained. All the tested plants did not even have a callus, while the treatment of plants with heteroauxin at a concentration of 1 mg / ml promoted the formation of a good root system (90-100%).

After one year of growing, seedlings obtained from air layers can be planted in a permanent place. Planting should be done in spring, with plants often blooming in the first year of planting, but flowers are not recommended to be left as they weaken the plant. Regular flowering in plants obtained from air layers usually begins 3 years after planting.

Reproduction of magnolias by green cuttings is rarely used because of their low rooting rate, as well as a significant loss of rooted cuttings in the first winter and second growing season (Bojarezuk, 1982, 1983). After rooting, it is recommended to keep the cuttings at the grafting site until the spring of next year.

And if, despite all the difficulties, you decide to start grafting magnolias, you can use the following substrates for root formation: sand, sand + peat, sand + perlite, peat + perlite, perlite, vermiculite, etc.

We must not forget about the treatment with fungicides in order to avoid the appearance of fungal diseases.

Magnolia cuttings usually begin to take root after 5 to 8 weeks, but for species such as large-flowered magnolia, the period is doubled.

Cuttings usually remain in the greenhouse until the next year, when they are transferred outdoors to grow. If the cuttings were carried out in the open field, then very good cover is required in order to preserve the cuttings in the winter.

As you can see, there are many methods for breeding magnolias. How to use it?

A gardener who wants to get some plants for himself and his friends should try both layers and grafts. These methods are inexpensive and can be learned rather quickly. They do not require expensive fogging equipment, special devices for heating the soil.

How to plant magnolia seeds

Planting magnolia from seed is less common than propagating this plant with cuttings or seedlings. But with the desire and knowledge of some tricks, it is quite possible to grow a magnolia from seeds.

Magnolia seeds are usually planted in the fall, just after the berries are picked. The fact is that it is difficult to preserve seeds until spring, the risk of damage is high. Therefore, do not delay the landing.

The seed coat of magnolia is thick and oily. In order for the seeds to germinate better, the shell must be destroyed - cut or punctured (this process is called scarification). After that, the seeds are washed with soapy water. A mild soap solution washes away the oily protective film. After that, the seeds should be rinsed again with clean water.

Seeds are planted in boxes filled with a universal substrate. The seeding depth is 3 cm. Then the boxes are hidden in the cellar until March. In March, the boxes are placed on the windows, while you need to make sure that the earth in the boxes does not dry out.

Sprouted magnolia plants grow slowly at first. The maximum height of a seedling that they can reach in the first year is about half a meter, but more often it is thirty centimeters. After a year, the seedlings can be picked and planted in soil with a light structure and the addition of peat.

Preparing seeds for planting

Growing magnolias from seeds at home is a complicated process. It requires an individual approach. Therefore, amateur flower growers try to find out as much as possible about sowing seeds.

Before sprouting magnolia seeds, you need to prepare and properly process them in advance. You can buy planting material in specialized stores. It is recommended to sow grains directly into open soil. This is done in the fall from September to November. If you want to plant a flower in a greenhouse in winter, they need to be frozen before that time.

Stratification refers to the ad hoc modeling of the effects of climate and environmental conditions on a plant (eg cold and moisture). This is a very important process for the plant. It affects the successful outcome of breeding and the further cultivation of magnolia. The most optimal temperature for stratification of magnolia seeds is + 5˚C.

Hardening is not yet 100% a prerequisite for success. Without observing all temperature standards and basic care rules (temperatures ranging from + 1˚C to + 5˚C with constant soil moisture), the seeds will simply die.

Seeds are frozen using a special technique. They need to be laid out in a well-damp substrate. It consists of foliage, husks from cereals, sawdust, hay and other components. Then the container with the planting material is transferred to the refrigerator for 21 days. After this time, they are thawed at room temperature, and sown in prepared and fertilized soil in advance.