Owners of private farms, aiming to get eggs from chickens first, and then meat, try to find the most egg-laying breed of chickens. This raises a dilemma. A self-bred breed usually does not have a very large number of eggs. And the size and quality may be unsatisfactory. Chickens laying large eggs in large numbers often cannot be bred as they are commercial crosses. Such an industrial egg cross is the Loman Brown - a breed of chickens created by the German.
The firm, of course, keeps the parental breeds of crosses and the crossing technology a secret. But today there are no less than 5 types of egg-laying crosses in its assortment.
History
Lohmann Brown chickens got their name from the German supplier Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH. Until now, uterine individuals are brought from Germany, so it is not possible to get offspring with identical productivity at home.
The history of the genus is quite complex. Four hybrids were involved in its creation. From crossing there were chickens, which can be very easily distinguished visually by sex. Based on the management of the company, there are several varieties of the breed:
- loman Brown - nickname;
- broken Brown - high;
- broken Brown - line;
- broken Brown - Leghorn.
Their differences are in the size of the eggs and economic indicators. Variations have been bred to obtain extra-large eggs, small and standard, there are also representatives that lay large eggs from the beginning of laying. Laying hens meat is tender, practically without fat.
Raising chickens
Many poultry breeders prefer to purchase chicks because artificial incubation does not always lead to 100% chick production. When raising chicks, it is important to observe the conditions of detention, since in the first week of life they are completely helpless. This material will tell you about the best breeds of laying hens for the house.
By color, the sex of the chicks can be easily distinguished already at one day of age.
Conditions
The health and adaptation of chicks in the first two weeks depends entirely on the farmer. During this period, they are extremely susceptible to diseases and can die if the conditions of detention and feeding are not followed. Recommendations for rearing young stock:
- in the early days, the temperature must be maintained at 35-36 ° C, and then every two days lowering it by 2 degrees. By the age of 42 days, chicks should live in a room with a temperature in the range of 18-20 ° C;
- the first two days after hatching, you need round-the-clock lighting of the chicks, then it is changed to cyclical - 4 hours of light and 2 hours. Such a regime must be maintained until the young age of 10 days;
- from the first days you need to start vaccination, and additionally enrich the box with oxygen.
Raising chickens is a fairly simple process, and therefore, breeding chickens, they are bought in most cases.
It is possible to release chickens into a common chicken coop only after 1-1.5 months of life.
Food
In the first 2 weeks of life, chicks should be kept separately from the herd under quarantine conditions. At this time, the basis of the diet is the starter compound feed, or independently prepared mash. They are made from cottage cheese, corn flour, boiled root vegetables and herbs.It is imperative to add selenium to the drink, which they need for growth and development. Food portions should be small but frequent. In the first days, you need to feed the chicks 8 times a day every 2 hours, gradually reducing the number of meals to 4 with an interval of 3.5-4 hours. Find out about food for laying hens at home at this link.
Care
The box where the chicks are kept must be kept clean and dry, otherwise the risk of disease increases. The litter with bacteria for the chicken coop should be changed every day, as well as regularly inspect each individual for injuries, the integrity of the plumage and legs. Why chickens fall to their feet read here.
Chicks have a very high viability - the survival rate is 98%.
It is best to use closed types of feeders where chicks cannot climb. Leftover food should be removed as the cage becomes dirty, and the cleanliness and amount of drink should be monitored.
On large farms, a veterinarian should conduct daily checks on chicks, combining this process with vaccination according to the scheme.
Specification
The Loman Brown breed of chickens is designed in such a way that it is already possible to determine the sex of day old chickens. The first thing that catches your eye even in the photo is a rather large physique. In addition to high meat and egg indicators, chickens have a high survival rate of 98%. The bird looks quite impressive with a weight of only 2-3 kg. In the specific description of the breed, there are 2 lines: maternal and paternal, differing in color. The mothers are white with a silvery sheen, the fathers have a darker golden brown color with the addition of dark feathers.
Even among chickens, females and cockerels can be distinguished. Having carefully looked at the photo of Loman Brown chickens, you can see that the males are dark, and the females have a white cannon. Often an adult pedigree individual falls into the hands of a novice farmer. In this case, information on the productivity and age of the bird is required. To find out exactly the age of the feathered creature, you can use the information in the video clip.
Description of the breed Lohman Brown
The bird grows small - the weight of females does not reach 2 kg, and males - 3 kg. The physique is dense, horizontal. The chest and abdomen are wide. The wings are well developed, close to the body. While walking, he may try to fly over the fence, so it is made high.
The color of the feathers of Loman Brown layers is brownish-red, shiny, the edging of the feather is darker, the down is light. Roosters are usually beige or white with brown accents.
Exterior breed Lohman Brown
There are four varieties of the species differing exclusively in the size of the eggs obtained from them: small, medium, large. The fourth group differs in that it initially lays large eggs, which is very rare in other breeds. As a rule, the first few eggs of the hen are small, and only then they acquire their natural weight.
The character of the Loman Brown breed is docile, calm. They are not prone to obesity. They quickly get used to new living conditions. They are distinguished by their sociability, for them the proximity to other species is not a problem.
How to care for an individual
Loman Brown chickens are in great demand among breeders, due to their unpretentious care and high survival rate. Keeping such birds is an art. The breed is easily adaptable to any climate, so growing is not expensive. They can be kept in aviaries, on the floor, or in tiers of cages. However, if, when breeding chickens, you want to get more than just individuals with average production indicators, you should pay maximum attention to the features of the content.
So that the birds can safely survive the winter, an insulated poultry house will be the best option for them. The temperature regime should be 16-18 ° С.Laying hens are able to survive in frosts down to -25 ° C, but in the future this is fraught with soreness and a decrease in egg production.
The size of the house is determined by the heads. Normally, there are from 6 to 8 individuals on the floor. If the ratio is not observed, cannibalism may appear, the destruction of egg-laying will begin.
The standard forces 4 brooders per nest. When grown in cages, 540 square meters should be allocated per individual. cm.
The light regime is important in bird breeding. The duration of daylight hours in the egg-laying stage should be at least 16 hours. If the birds live in private estates and are outdoors in daylight, artificial supplementary lighting in the house and maintaining an acceptable positive temperature regime in winter is recommended.
Photo gallery
Next, you have the opportunity to see these wonderful breed of Loman Brown chickens in the photo. Something like this they are bred in large poultry farms:
And this is a photo from a private courtyard, taken at the fence of the poultry house:
Another example of the fact that you can breed this breed quite successfully at home:
Close-up, without unnecessary comments:
And again they are doing this hard work - looking for something in the grass:
Well-fed, well-shaped chicken:
What should be the food
Choosing the right diet is not an easy task. At home, the difficulty lies in tracking the quality of the feed received. It is the compound feed that should be the basis of the laying hen's diet. Unfortunately, our feed is not of high quality, and many farmers leave negative reviews, so if you are not sure about this product, it is best to make it yourself. For one chicken, on average, 100-120 g of feed per day is required. The composition of the feed should include:
- protein 15-20%;
- calcium 5%;
- vitamin supplements.
In order for the Loman Brown chicken breed to develop normally and be able to delight with high egg production rates, birds should not be fed whole wheat, because the grain is absorbed by the body for a very long time. Often, chickens are fed with sprouted or crushed grain. In the conditions of an autonomous economy, the diet of layers must be diversified with root crops, cabbage, tavern, corn, barley. A good walk also has a positive effect on the meat and egg qualities of the breed.
Characteristics and egg production of the breed
They belong to the meat and egg direction with high productivity. Roosters reach a weight of 3 kg, and layers - 2 kg. The growth period of layers ends at 160 days, but they start laying earlier. At 20 weeks of age, pullets are able to lay their first eggs.
Effectively, the hen lays for about 80 weeks. A healthy laying hen lays about 330 eggs per year, each weighing about 60 g, with a light brown shell. On average, about 123 grams of feed is consumed to obtain one egg. Chick hatching reaches 98%.
Productivity
Layers of the Loman Brown breed are considered the most highly productive. The optimal period for keeping at home is from 2 to 3 years. Average egg production for 1 year is 320 eggs. After that, their productivity decreases, so their breeding in the future becomes unprofitable at the poultry farm.
The best growing cycle for keeping in autonomous farms is two years. From the start of laying until 90 weeks, the egg weight increases. On average, the egg reaches 62.5 g, the maximum weight is 72 g. Loman Brown begins to lay at the age of 5 months. The entire growth period is 161 days. The highest egg production is observed at the age of 160-180 days. The weight of the chickens is small: an adult cockerel weighs 3 kg, a chicken - less than 2.
About us
ECOFARM "LPH ZELENOV"
LPH Zelenov was organized in 2010. ... Head of the farm Sergey Gennadievich Zelenov, veterinarian and poultry specialist.LPH started its activity with 40 heads of chickens and very quickly we realized that keeping and raising chickens is a very profitable line of business. The very next year, the poultry population numbered 500 heads of chickens, every day they brought us up to 400 large, tasty eggs. Now our livestock is more than two thousand poultry. Read the continuation in the article "About us"
Video review
Young growth care
Hatching eggs or day old chicks can only be purchased from German suppliers. Even with all its high survival rate and unpretentiousness, only proper care will be the key to obtaining positive quality indicators, otherwise the farmer will have an average chicken with average indicators on his hands.
Loman Brown chickens and their characteristics of the peculiarities of growing chickens deserve special attention.
- On the first day, you need to keep chickens at a temperature of 35 ° C, which is lowered by 2 ° daily. The final temperature on the 42nd day is 18-20 ° C.
- In the first two days after hatching, the illumination should be around the clock. Then they switch to a six-hour cycle. On the tenth day, the young are transferred to the cycle of insolation of adult chickens.
- The main factors for full development are timely vaccination and optimal oxygen supply.
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How to equip a poultry house
A properly equipped poultry house is the key to the full development of birds. For Loman Brown, sawdust or hay should be placed on the floor as insulation in the chicken coop. The shed should be equipped with perches, nests and drinkers. Roosts are 50 mm long poles on which chickens rest. When building nests, the size of chickens must be taken into account, since Loman Brown has a rather large structure.
The nest must be made free so that the chicken can turn around in it. It is preferable to choose rectangular feeders. On top of the feeders, nets with meshes are put on, wide enough so that the chicken can freely stick its head and get food. At the poultry farm, for free access to water, specialized drinkers are installed; in autonomous farms, they can be replaced with medium-sized tanks dug into the ground.
Content rules
Loman Browns are unpretentious in content. But in order for the return to be one hundred percent, you need to follow some rules.
Meat and egg breeds of chickens also include such as Barnevelder, Orlovskaya, Pavlovskaya, Orpington, Sussex, Wyandot, Kuchinskaya, Bielefelder.
Poultry house
The chicken coop must meet the following requirements:
- enough space is needed (no more than 4–5 chickens per 1m²), otherwise the tightness will affect their productivity;
- the temperature should be within + 15… + 18 ° С, and the humidity should be 60–70%. To prevent the birds from freezing in winter, the house needs to be insulated. The presence of drafts is unacceptable;
- the floor can be covered with straw or sawdust, but care must be taken to keep it dry and loose. The same litter is suitable for nests;
- for egg production to be high, daylight hours must be at least 16 hours. In winter, you need to use lamps for illumination;
- nests and perches are needed in a hen house. Poles (with a diameter of about 40 mm) for perches are placed at a height of about 80 cm, and nests - 60 cm. The nests need spacious, their number is at least 1 in 4 hens.
Care
Loman Brownies need standard care.
Let's remind the main points:
- daily airing;
- chickens can hardly be called clean, so regular cleaning is needed;
- sanitize twice a year. For this purpose, formalin is used (but it is unsafe), bleach or iodine granules;
- the litter changes as it gets dirty, but at least once every 2 months, and you also need to monitor its dryness;
- to fight skin parasites, chickens "bathe" in dust or sand. Any wide container filled with ash mixed with earth or sand is suitable as an ash bath. It is better to install them on walking areas.
Did you know? Chickens do not rush in the dark, they will wait for the morning or for artificial lighting to turn on. And in order to teach them to carry in one place, an egg or its dummy is placed in the nest.
Walking yard
Chickens are mobile creatures, so they need a place to walk. This is necessary so that the chickens do not get fat, and this does not reduce productivity. In summer, birds can find additional food in the form of insects, worms and greenery.
There are some requirements for the yard:
- the size of the run should not be less than ½ of the house;
- it is better if it is fenced with a net on the sides and on top. Height - 1.5-1.7 m;
- for the free exit of the bird from the chicken coop for walking, you need to make a hole 40 × 40 cm in size;
- it is advisable to install drinkers and trays with food under a shelter;
- an ash bath is required;
- it is good if there is a grazing area with grass in the yard. If this is difficult, then you can hang V-shaped lattice feeders for greenery.
Feeders and drinkers
If the bird is on the walk most of the time, then feeders and drinkers should be placed there.They are placed indoors if the chickens have limited walking (for example, in winter).
Find out how to make your own bunker feeder and drinker for chickens.
Feeders need to be given special attention:
- its size should be such that there is at least 7 cm for 1 chicken;
- approximate dimensions for 20 chickens - 110 × 25 × 12 cm;
- the design should prevent the scatter of feed, you can cover it with a net with large cells on top (for free access to food);
- metal containers are suitable for wet food, and wooden containers for dry food;
- the top of the feeder should be at the level of the chicken's back;
- flat containers are used for chalk, shells and sand.
At poultry farms, special drinkers are used. At home, you can use any container. A good option is metal drinkers in the form of a gutter and with fittings on the sides (for running water).
Seasonal moult and break in egg production
Chickens tolerate molting normally, but egg production stops for 1–2 months. This mainly occurs between October and December. At this time, the birds' appetite deteriorates and they lose weight. In order for the molt to end faster, vitamin and mineral supplements, as well as fish oil, must be introduced into the diet.
When the chickens shed, egg production spontaneously recovers.
Planned herd replacement
As mentioned before, one of the drawbacks of this breed is a decrease in productivity after 20 months. At poultry farms, chickens are fed with premixes, which causes maximum egg production, but also rapid wear of birds (1 year). At home, chickens are kept longer.
After a year and a half, it is advisable to replace the herd, since in the future, the number of eggs in chickens decreases, and the taste of meat is lost. The old bird is allowed to be slaughtered and young layers are acquired.
The new flock is moved into a well-cleaned and disinfected chicken coop. The walls are treated with lime and other disinfectants.
Important! If the replacement of chickens is planned through chickens, then they must be purchased 4 months before the slaughter of old layers, so that there is no interruption in obtaining eggs and there is time to prepare the premises.
Diseases
The description of the breed speaks of high endurance, but even so, the bird can be subject to a number of different diseases. One of the most common ailments is coccidosis. Carriers of the disease are wild birds and rodents. The therapy is carried out under the supervision of a veterinarian. For treatment, antibiotics are used in combination with coccivitis, avatek and sakox.
Ascoridosis is a disease that affects birds of any breed. This is nematode infestation. Most often, young animals and chickens are sick. The birds are treated with piperazine. One of the most dangerous diseases is tuberculosis. The source of infection is the droppings of infected birds. It is very difficult to identify it in the early stages. Nodules appear on the necks of birds, the winged ones often shake their wings, become lethargic. When such an ailment is detected, the birds are slaughtered, and the corpses are burned.
Diseases and methods of dealing with them
Loman Brown chickens have good immunity. With improper care and poor nutrition, birds can get sick.
Common diseases and treatments:
- Coccidiosis is an infectious disease of the stomach, in which birds become lethargic, sit in one place, eat poorly, vilify, lower their wings. If you find signs of the disease, you should contact your veterinarian. Chickens are given antibiotics and drugs Koktsidiovit, Avatek, Sakoks.
- Ascariasis is a worm disease in which chickens become lethargic, eat poorly, and stop rushing. They are treated with the drug Piperazine (0.2-0.5 grams are diluted in 1 liter of water).
- Tuberculosis is an infectious disease in which birds fall to their feet, move little, and eat poorly. Sick chickens are isolated from healthy chickens and killed.
Loman Brown chickens are the most profitable breed of birds, characterized by high egg production rates.Laying hens rush every day, and eat as much as common chickens. The only disadvantage of this breed is that birds do not reproduce naturally. Chicks or hatching eggs should be purchased every 2 years.
What breeders say about the species
Most breeders have positive feedback. The breed has its pros and cons. Among the pluses are noted:
- early maturity;
- high biological productivity: chickens begin to lay as early as 5 months, despite the banal content;
- adaptability to any conditions.
The disadvantages include a short period of egg production and the impossibility of hatching at home. The price of a Loman Brown chicken is quite high. Today in Moscow you can buy wholesale or retail pullets and roosters Loman Brown from trusted breeders. According to some reports, the Loman White breed has a longer period of bioproductivity.
They can also be bred within the species, although the indicators of the bred chickens will still be lower than that of the parent individuals. Most breeders form a replacement herd, which consists of half chickens of the first genus, 30% of chickens of the second genus, and 20% of individuals of the third genus. By the end of the second year, individuals of the first genus are assigned to slaughter. A big plus is that you can now buy hatching eggs and chickens in the Moscow region. How much the price will be depends on the variety of the breed and where the chicken was bred.
Advantages and disadvantages of the breed
Lohman Brown remains one of the most highly productive breeds in the egg direction. In addition, it has other advantages:
- The bird is undemanding to keeping conditions, climate and nutrition.
- Has a peaceful disposition.
- Suitable for cage life.
- Produces large eggs in large quantities.
- Begins to lay eggs early.
- Produces a lot of chicks during incubation due to the high percentage of hatching.
But the breed also has disadvantages:
- Short period of intensive egg-laying. After 80 weeks, the hen suddenly loses productivity.
- Does not reproduce naturally.
