Turkish carnation is very popular among gardeners. Love for her is explained by her unpretentiousness, duration of flowering and very bright color. Plants are extremely decorative. To obtain this beauty, the cultivation and care must be literate.
Carnation bearded, or Turkish Barbarini Mixture F1
The bearded carnation, or Turkish carnation (Dianthus barbatus) is a perennial plant in the carnation family, but is cultivated in gardens as a biennial plant. In the first year, it forms a lush rosette of medium-sized elongated leaves. In the second year, each plant produces straight stems up to 60 cm high. At the top of the stem, numerous medium-sized flowers up to 2 cm in diameter are formed, collected in corymbose inflorescences.
Currently, many forms and varieties of cloves are known. Low, dwarf varieties with a height of 15–20 cm are grown for spring decoration of flower beds, for balconies and windows, and high ones for cutting.
Flowers of various colors, simple and double, with a weak aroma. This carnation is prized for its bright, clear colors (white, pink, red, velvety black, etc.) and early flowering. It blooms in June, when the annuals are not yet blooming and fills the gap in the cutting material. Turkish cloves have a very delicate aroma.
Carnation bearded, or Turkish Sooty
Carnation description.
The perennial Turkish carnation (Dianthus barbatus) grows in garden culture as a biennial. The fact is that many specimens disappear in the third year after planting. Under natural conditions, the herbaceous plant grows in the south of Europe and Asia, in their foothills.
Carnation leaves are narrow and lanceolate, as well as pronounced longitudinal veins. The stem is knotty, like the leaves, their color is dark green, with a bluish or burgundy tint.
Flowers Turkish carnations in their corymbose inflorescences have five-petal small flowers. The color of flowers is very diverse, they can be either simple or terry.
Turkish carnation seeds ripen in oblong capsules, brown and shiny. You can get self-seeding of a carnation, if you do not touch the faded plants.
Plant propagation
The most effective way to propagate Turkish carnations is by seeds. But sometimes, for example, if you need to "copy" rare hybrid varieties, it is not suitable. Fortunately, Turkish carnations can be propagated in other ways: by layering and cuttings.
Layers
Layers are grown only from biennial plants. This can be done in spring or summer. The shoots are bent to the ground, sprinkled with earth, lightly tamped, and fixed. The tip of the cut should remain upright. At the point of contact with the ground on the shoot, you can make a transverse shallow cut - this stimulates the emergence of roots.
Do not forget to water the plantings regularly without letting the soil dry out completely. Roots appear in 4-6 weeks. After two months, you can plant the layers from the mother plant.
Cuttings
Cuttings, like layering, are taken from biennial plants. The material takes root best in spring and early summer; shoots cut in autumn are prone to decay. Cuttings are planted in a mixture of leafy soil, peat and sand in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. If you are using heavier black soil instead of leafy soil, increase the amount of peat.
Cuttings root faster in small containers. It is best to use plastic cups. Holes are pre-drilled in them for the outflow of excess water; expanded clay or polystyrene is placed on the bottom.
Containers with cuttings can be placed in a partially ventilated greenhouse or loosely covered with a plastic bag. Ventilate greenhouses daily. Do not let the soil dry out, but do not keep it constantly wet to avoid waterlogging. Before the roots appear - 3-4 weeks - the young are kept in partial shade. In August, they are planted in open ground, caring for ordinary seedlings.
When to sow Turkish carnation seedlings
A flower crop can be sown from March to April, taking into account regional characteristics. In early or mid-March, sowing begins in the South of Russia. The end of March is the optimal time for the middle zone; in colder regions, the term is postponed to April.
When to sow clove seeds according to the lunar calendar in 2020:
- February -1-8, 10-20, 25-29 day
- March - 4-6, 12-14, 26-31
- April - 1, 2, 5-7, 9, 13, 14, 24, 25
Adverse days include:
- February 9, from 21 to 23
- March 9, from 19 to 21, 24
- April 8, from 15 to 17, 23.
Soak the seed in a solution of Epin - extra or Fitosporin - M for flowers. Remove the floating seeds, and let the rest stand for the right time according to the instructions on the package.
Sowing carnations.
For sowing, you must first prepare a container. In a plastic container, make several holes with a knife to ventilate the air. Peat tablets are also used to grow seedlings of bearded carnations.
Soil composition for seedlings. You can prepare the soil yourself, taking 2 parts of the earth from peat, plus 1 part of sand. For disinfection, spill the soil with Fitosporin - M for flowers. A pink solution of potassium permanganate is also suitable.
The sowing depth of Turkish carnation seeds is at least 1 cm, the seeds are 1 - 2 cm apart from each other. Sprinkle with calcined river sand on top. After sowing, we moisten the soil surface from a spray bottle and cover with a film.
Turkish carnation: famous methods of growing a flower from seeds
The Turkish carnation, although easy to maintain, looks amazing on home gardens. Its dignity is lush variegated inflorescences that exude a subtle enchanting aroma. The flower is very much loved in Turkey for its beauty. In England, it is also called Sweet William, and bright inflorescences are used for food.
This herbaceous plant is often used in landscape design, on lawns and for decorating curbs, retaining walls. In Russia, many gardeners also fell in love with Turkish carnation. Growing from seeds - one of the most common ways of its reproduction, which even a beginner can handle.
Turkish carnation is loved by gardeners in many countries.
Reference. The genus Carnation (Diánthus) from the Carnation family was classified and named by the Swedish scientist K. Linnaeus in honor of one of the deities of the ancient Greek pantheon. The literal translation of the Latin name for a carnation is "flower of Zeus".
Carnation seeds can be obtained independently, borrowed from friends, or purchased through a retail network from professional breeders.
Popular varieties of Turkish cloves
turkish carnation seeds
Turkish carnation seeds can only be harvested from biennial or older plants. The flowering of the plant lasts about 30 days, and by the end of August, capsule fruits are formed on the inflorescences. Inside them are flat seeds. At the same time, the ripening period may differ, and depends on the variety and region.
Turkish carnation seeds
Seed material retains its properties for three years after harvest, provided that it has been provided with the right storage conditions.
The collected and dried seeds are placed in foil, vacuum or just paper bags and left in a dark place. The optimum temperature for storing them is 10–12 ° C with a humidity of about 85–90%.
Too dry air is harmful, because it lowers the germination of seeds, and excessive moisture in the air provokes fungal infections and premature germination.
Attention! You can preserve all the properties of the source using other propagation methods - for example, dividing a bush. Collecting seeds from flowers does not guarantee that the plants will turn out the same as the mother.
Purchased seeds
A more reliable way to obtain cloves by sowing with good varietal data is to purchase seeds or seed mixtures from professional breeders. Many Russian companies produce such products.
A wide range of different varieties of clove seeds is on sale
Turkish carnation is a perennial plant. However, it is also cultivated as a biennial. The advantage of the propagation method from seedlings is that flowers appear in the first year.
Preparing the soil for sowing seedlings
For sowing seeds, a substrate is prepared from the following components:
- peat and sod land - 2 parts each;
- sand - 1 part.
Sand improves gas exchange in the soil, and peat provides seedlings with nutrients. This contributes to the higher germination rate of the Turkish carnation.
Before seed placement, the soil freeze... This measure eliminates weeds, pests and parasites.
For this purpose, the substrate is placed in a freezer and kept for 5 days at a temperature of -15 ° C. If the weather conditions permit, then the bag with soil mixture is simply put out on the street.
After deep freezing, the mixture is moved to heat for a week, and then this cycle is repeated.
The soil can be steamed in a water bath
The second method of disinfection - steaming... Place a large pot or bucket on the stove, add water and bring to a boil.
A lattice is placed on top of the container, on which the soil mixture is placed, placed in several layers of gauze. Heat the substrate for 90 minutes.
Immediately before sowing seeds, the ground is watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Before sowing, the soil is moistened with a weak solution of potassium permanganate
To obtain seedlings, carnations are sown in February. Previously, the container is doused with boiling water or a solution of potassium permanganate to reduce the likelihood of developing fungal infections. A drainage layer is laid out at the bottom, for which gravel, expanded clay, fragments of broken ceramic dishes are used. As a last resort, crushed foam is used.
Gardening stores sell special drainage materials. In addition to maintaining a certain level of moisture, they also perform another task - they protect the soil from toxic substances and heavy metal salts.
Drainage should be taken care of
The seeds are placed in the prepared soil to a depth of 1 cm, maintaining a distance of 2-3 cm between them. At the first stage, the container is placed in a room with a temperature of about 17 ° C.
The container is covered with paper or film, periodically ventilating and spraying water on the surface. When shoots appear, the seedlings are moved to a room with a temperature of about 15 ° C, but with good lighting.
Higher temperatures will provoke rapid growth, which will affect the decorative effect of the bush.
Reference. Sowing density for all plants is determined as follows: 2-3-week-old seedlings should not completely shade the ground with foliage.
Seedling Turkish carnation
When 3 leaves have appeared from the soil, the bushes are planted in separate pots filled with a soil mixture, a similar mixture for sowing for seedlings.
Before planting in open ground, young plants are first taken out into fresh air for 2-3 hours. Dishes with sprouts are left in the shade, hiding from direct sunlight.The exposure time is increased every day.
At night, the pots are left by the window with the window open. This allows the culture to get used to new conditions.
Seedlings are planted in open ground in the third or fourth week of May, when frosts are unlikely and the soil is warmed up enough.
Attention! Turkish carnation does not tolerate the transplant procedure very well. Therefore, when diving, it is better to place seedlings in pots, with which they are then transferred to open ground.
Seedling care at home
Until the crops germinate, cover them on top with a sheet of white paper. For germination, they need a temperature of 18 degrees Celsius, then 15 degrees is enough. As the substrate dries, we moisten it with a spray bottle.
Seedlings usually appear in two weeks. At high temperatures, the seedlings will begin to stretch, keep them in a cool place. When a pair of real leaves appear, we dive into separate cups.
Seedlings need regular and moderate watering; water should not get on the tender stems. Watering is enough 1 - 2 times a week. From the appearance of a gray coating on the ground, pour a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Seedlings of Turkish carnations are pinched in the phase of 5 true leaves for bushiness. The first time the seedlings can be fed after seed germination in two weeks.
Diseases and pests
Turkish carnation grown in gardens is quite resistant to diseases and pests. Appears yellowing, drying and falling of leaves - lack of sufficient water in the substrate.
Varietal crops, when grown normally, are quite healthy, there is a possibility of fusariummanifested rolling the leaves, then drying. Rustmanifested by a cluster of orange spores.
Rust and gray mold appears when grown in low permeable soil.
Turkish carnation planting and care in the garden.
For carnations, you need to choose a place with good soil, rich in humus, sunny or partial shade. Sandy loam or loamy soil is considered suitable for it, the abundance of flowering depends on it. Watering is enough 2 times a week, more often in the heat.
Two weeks before planting the seedlings in the ground, they are hardened, accustoming them to fresh air. You can open the window, take it out to the balcony. We plant in the garden after the return frosts leave, usually in mid-May.
Carnation planting scheme.
- For a carnation, the classic planting pattern of 20 x 30 - 35 cm is suitable
- This planting scheme allows the plant to have enough light and nutrition.
When the seedlings get stronger, we feed for the first time, their height should be 10 - 12 cm. For feeding, use organic matter or complex mineral fertilizers for flowers. Then we feed at the very beginning of budding and the third time towards the end.
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Transfer.
A perennial Turkish carnation is transplanted, usually every 2 to 3 years. The bushes need to be dug up, divided and planted in a new place.
Sowing with seeds in open ground
Turkish carnations can also be grown by sowing outdoors in spring or autumn. In the first case, the seeds are sown in mid-May or, if there is a greenhouse, at the end of April. Such bushes will develop slightly more slowly than with seedlings. You can sow Turkish carnations and seeds before winter, in October. In this case, flowering will be more abundant next summer.
Site selection and soil preparation
The Turkish carnation loves moderately sunny areas, with a slight partial shade at noon and in the afternoon. The composition of the land is undemanding. Prefers sandy neutral soils. It does not tolerate stagnant water, therefore it is important to drain low-lying areas and make diverting grooves.
A few weeks before planting, the earth is dug up to 20-30 cm, adding 250 g of ash per 1 square meter. m.You can add compost or mineral fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium. Heavy chernozems "lighten" with sand and peat. After digging, you can cover the area with a cloth or paper to prevent weeds from sprouting.
Sowing in spring and autumn
In spring, Turkish carnation seeds are sown as follows:
- In the prepared area, shallow, about 1.5 cm, grooves are made, they are watered abundantly.
- The distance between the rows must be at least 15 cm.
- The seeds are soaked in warm water for several hours, then dried on a cloth or paper napkin.
- Seeds are spread in grooves at a distance of 2-3 cm.
- Gently cover with earth and lightly tamp.
- Water again.
Freshly planted seeds and young seedlings are watered from a watering can with a spray so as not to "wash" them out of the soil with a jet. Before emergence, planting can be covered with polyethylene; then the greenhouse is removed.
In autumn, seeds are sown according to the same scheme with one difference: the soil must be dry. It is not watered either before or after planting. The seeds are not soaked. With the approach of the first frost, the site is mulched with straw or sawdust and covered with branches. At the end of April, the shelter is removed.
