How a hollow appears in a tree
As the top layer of wound cells dies off, access to wood opens up. Under the influence of moisture, it softens and serves as a good substrate for the reproduction of microorganisms participating in the further destruction of deeper layers.
Hollow is a real disease of fruit trees. Hollow trees are characterized by weak growth and fruiting, lose strength and can break under the weight of the crop or from strong winds.
To prevent the appearance of hollows on trees, it is necessary to timely create conditions for their rapid healing. But it should be remembered that the speed of wound healing is influenced by their size. If the wound is small, then it will overgrow quickly, but if the wound is large, then it will take a longer period to heal.
Reference by topic: Treatment of trees in spring - cracks, frost holes and hollows
Time to heal
Hollow treatment includes cleaning the dead wood, treating the inner surface with a fungicide, filling with broken brick and filling with cement mortar. It is better to start it in mid-autumn in a warm, dry time, since it is during this period that metabolic processes decrease in fruit trees.
Sealing of trees with cement is carried out in the middle of autumn, not later, so that the seal has time to dry well. In the spring it is undesirable to do this: insufficiently hardened materials can crumble due to the growth of wood. However, in case of urgent need to wait until the fall is not worth it.
Advice
Deep hollows of small diameter can be filled with a wooden cork and covered with garden putty on top.
It is important to prevent moisture from entering the hollow in a timely manner and to reduce the putrefactive processes of wood. Hollow treatment in this case can be carried out in 2 stages. Clean the hollow cavity from dead wood, disinfect with a fungicide
and insulate the hollow from atmospheric precipitation, for example, using plastic wrap or roofing material. And postpone filling and filling until autumn.
Seal from polyurethane foam
To fill a hole in the trunk of an apple tree, you will need:
- very sharp construction knife and chisel;
- steel tablespoon;
- garden pitch;
- a bag of copper sulfate;
- polyurethane foam cylinder;
- round maklovitsa;
- protective glasses;
- spray;
- respirator or gauze bandage;
- latex gloves.
The hollow must be repaired, otherwise the tree will soon die
Sealing the hollow with foam: instructions
- First of all, on the grindstone, slightly sharpen the edges of the spoon and bend its handle so that it is convenient for it to scoop out dust from the hollow.
- After that, armed with a spoon and a chisel prepared in this way, clean out all the rot from the hollow. Work carefully, select the dust to the last crumb, still hard, but already rotted areas of the wood, cut off with a chisel down to healthy tissues. In order to prevent the spread of the infection in your area, put all the wood debris removed from the hollow in a bag, which you then burn outside the garden.
- Having cleared the inside of the hollow, carefully cut off all the blackened bark from its edges.
Advice. To facilitate your work and speed up the process of cleaning the hollow, instead of a chisel, use an electric drill equipped with attachments in the form of metal brushes (side and end).The use of such devices will not only simplify matters, but also improve the quality of cleaning.
- Dissolve 2 teaspoons (without a slide) of copper sulphate in a glass of water, put on all protective ammunition (mask, goggles, gloves) and use a spray bottle or a sprinkler to treat the inside of the hollow and the cut along its edges with a freshly prepared antiseptic solution.
- After 3-4 hours, when the disinfected hole in the trunk dries out, coat its edge with garden pitch, then blow the foam inside the hollow. After the foam has hardened, cut off the excess with a sharp knife.
Advice. To prevent such a polymer filling from decomposing under the influence of light, paint it with oil paint.
Cleaning and disinfection
After the appearance of the hollow, it must be urgently repaired. In no case should you leave the hollows on the tree open for the winter.
To prevent moisture from getting into them, they produce filling.
The found hollow is cleaned of rotten wood by scrubbing the walls. Pay special attention to the fact that after cleaning from rotten wood, the inner walls of the hollow are dry. If they are wet, then within a few days the hollow must be ventilated and dried.
After the place is prepared, it is disinfected with a 3% solution of copper sulfate (300 g: 1 bucket of water) or 5% solution of ferrous sulfate (500 g: 1 bucket of water). Then they dry it again a little and then seal it.
Hollow filling
The cheapest and most popular method of filling is filling the hollow with fine gravel or broken brick, followed by filling with a mixture of sand, cement and lime (6: 1: 1).
Small holes after cleaning and disinfection can be filled with a dry, durable hardwood plug. The top end of the plug should be flush with the edges of the hole. It must be covered with garden varnish or paint.
If the hollows are very large, then the filling with the specified mixture is carried out in layers, as they are filled with crushed stone or broken brick.
The outer part is painted over with oil paint or poured with a thick solution of cement and sand, in order to block the access to wood of air and moisture.
Additional formulations
For additional disinfection of tissues and prevention of their further destruction, surfaces are treated with:
- Pine resin (resin);
- Garden pitch;
- Special putties with physiologically active substances (purchased analogues of garden varnish or pastes);
- Folk compositions, for example, a mixture of fresh mullein and clay in equal proportions.
Depending on the size of the recess, the compositions are applied only to the walls or cover the damage completely, forming an even layer at the level of the barrel surface. After the composition has dried, the problem area is wrapped with a bandage, burlap or other natural fabric, after having lubricated the edges with garden pitch.
From above, the trunk is tied with a layer of filmto prevent the material from getting wet.
Wound healing
For better wound healing, you can use a black plastic bandage. It is cut into ribbons 5-8 cm wide and spirally wound up tightly from bottom to top. on a hollow. The upper end of the film is tightly tied with twine.
In the spring, as soon as the active division of the cambium begins, the bandage is untied along the borders of the hollow, the bast is removed with a sharp knife, a strip of live cambium is opened and bandaged again. In conditions of darkness, the cambium actively deposits new tissue cells towards the hollow.
Please tell me how to extend the life of an apple tree. On it along the entire trunk there is a deep and long hollow (from the root to the beginning of the fruit branches). The bark and part of the wood inside the tree is missing. But an apple tree in such a deplorable state bears fruit. Unclear as soon as the nutrients pass? Maybe you need to make some kind of gypsum and cover it up in order to stop further decay?
Dmitry Larin
Questions: "How to cure an apple tree, how to save an apple tree ..." constantly arise. I must say that in the case of a large hollow, we are not talking about treatment, but extending the life of the tree, it is unrealistic to cure it! Such a tree can be compared to a sick and badly neglected tooth. Doctors no longer treat it, but remove it.
Strictly speaking, a sick, dilapidated apple tree should also be removed from the garden. A weakened plant “attracts” diseases, and then spreads infections in the form of fungal spores to other trees. But gardeners are not ready to give up the apple tree, especially when it continues to bear fruit.
To describe the process of "curing" an apple tree, let us again turn to comparison. Imagine that you are a doctor and you need to fill a tooth.
The first thing to do is to thoroughly clean out any rotten fabric. The doctor has a boron machine for this. Gardeners have adapted to using the drill. Attached to it is a circular metal brush that allows you to quickly clean up dead tissue. It is much faster and more efficient than scrubbing rot with various knives, spatulas and other tools.
Naturally, you cannot get it everywhere with a drill, it only speeds up the process if the hollow is large. In narrow places, you will have to work with other improvised means, for example, a wire bent in the form of a hook helps. It is advisable to remove all rotten, loose wood to a healthy tissue.
After thorough cleaning, the surface inside the hollow is treated with fungicides. Use a 5% solution of ferrous sulfate or the same solution of copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture). The solution can be applied with a brush, but inside the trunk, especially in narrow places, it is better to use a sprayer on a long boom. The solution should cover the surface very generously in order to kill the fungus as much as possible.
It is also recommended to use a special RanNet paste, to which copper sulfate has already been added. For convenience, it is diluted thinner so that it can be applied with a brush.
The problem with the apple tree is that we do not see the entire cavity of the hollow and cannot clean out all the rot to the end. The infection remains and continues to eat away at the tree from the inside, even after treatment with fungicides.
The next stage is to close the hollow from moisture ingress with cement mortar. This is an old method, now they use polyurethane foam. At the same time, the grout strengthens the trunk if the hole is too large.
In the case described by Dmitry Larin (a hollow in the form of a wide gap, along the entire barrel from bottom to top), before pouring the cement, the barrel must be wrapped with a cloth so that the solution does not spill out. If the cavity is too large, pebbles, broken bricks and even small plastic bottles are placed in the hollow to save cement.
Stones and cement are laid in layers, trying to make the solution fill the hollow volume as much as possible and displace air.
When the cement hardens, they proceed to the final stage - the hole with the cement mortar is covered with oil paint (preferably in the tone of the tree trunk). This is necessary not only for aesthetic perception. The paint fills in microcracks and protects against moisture ingress. The paint needs to be renewed periodically.
Depending on the size of the hollow and how carefully you have carried out the processing, the life of the tree is extended by 3-5 years. During this time, a young seedling will grow up, which you will plant this spring to replace a diseased apple tree.
And finally, the main thing. Trees need to be monitored, pruned correctly and on time, and the hollow does not have to be treated, it simply does not form!
Hollow treatment in a tree. We put a seal.
Reasons for the appearance
The formation of a hollow in the trunk of an apple tree is a rather dangerous phenomenon, since it tends to expand. Most often, the reason for the development of such an education lies in the infection of the tree with wound rot. Its causative agent is the cavernous saprophytic fungus.
Due to the infection of healthy nearby tissues, this disease is constantly progressing. Therefore, a large hollow will form on the trunk, if no control measures are taken. Various types of mechanical damage (in the absence of proper treatment) lead to the appearance of a fungal infection. Such damage can appear in the following situations:
- incorrect pruning of branches;
- breakage of branches in strong winds;
- damage to the trunk by rodents.
Due to the appearance of a hollow, the apple tree begins to reduce the volume of the harvest, and also becomes more brittle. As a result, if this problem is not dealt with, the tree affected by the fungus will soon die. Therefore, in order to save the apple tree, you need to know what to do in this case. Indeed, with the wrong treatment, you can only harm the tree.
HOW TO MAKE A HOLE IN A GARDEN, FRUIT TREE - TIPS AND FEEDBACK FROM GARDENERS
It was hollow, but already overgrown
A hollow is a very dangerous formation on a tree trunk, which is important to heal quickly. The cause of its occurrence is the resulting open wound with damage to the bark.
The exposed wet layer of wood is completely defenseless of rocks by microorganisms and fungi. The hollow appears when the top layer of the bark dies off. This is a real disease that leads to a weakening of the tree, a decrease in yield and can even cause its death. Therefore, I advise you to carefully inspect your garden so as not to let even the smallest wound get hurt.
On a note
It is better to treat the formed hollow in the fall - in October-November, or even at the beginning of winter, if the weather permits. At this time, sap flow slows down, the tree practically grows, and the filling, without interfering with physiological processes, has time to harden. But in the spring, it is better not to carry out the procedure: juices will not allow the material to acquire the necessary strength.
We start treating the hollow
The treatment is carried out according to the same scheme, only the materials differ. The first step is to remove any rotten wood with a chisel, garden knife, or other cutting tool. It is important for us to get to the light-colored fabric. First layer
We also remove healthy wood, since there is a danger that it is already infected with a fungus. Then you need to remove small debris from the cavity and let the wound dry. The edges are also cut back to clean wood.
For disinfection, you can use a solution of vitriol - copper (300 g per bucket of water) or iron (500 g for the same volume). Before treating wood with fungicides, it must be completely dry!
Fillings are not just for teeth
If the hollow is small, then there will be no special problems with it, here dry corks made of hardwood have proven themselves well. They are hammered into the hollow, and then you need to carefully cut off the excess and close up with a layer of garden varnish.
Difficulties can appear if the hollow in the tree is already large enough. To seal such a hole, it is necessary to prepare a solution of 1 part of lime, the same amount of cement and 6 parts of river sand. When solidified, the cement forms a reliable cork that prevents moisture and harmful microorganisms from entering the wood.
After filling the hollow, the trunk at the treatment site must be bandaged, you can use any materials: cloth, parchment or plastic wrap. And then tightly tie everything on top with twine, twine, insulating tape or thin wire. This will be a tree bandage.
On a note
Sometimes the apple tree looks completely intact, but when you tap on the trunk, you can find emptiness. A closed cavity threatens to rot inside the tree. You need to drink or drill an artificial passage and clean the inner hollow in the same way as an open one.
Prophylaxis
If you want to avoid the appearance of holes in the apple tree, you will need high-quality crop care. The simplest diseases should be treated immediately.
Pay attention to the slightest cracks in the tree trunk. They lead to the formation of cavities. When a crack appears, it is covered with a dense layer of garden varnish. When you remove branches, carry out the procedure on the "ring" principle.
If a cavity forms in the tree, this portends a danger to the garden. The damaged tree weakens and loses good yields. To preserve the beauty of his garden, the gardener must notice the occurrence of this problem in time and cure the culture.
Means for cleaning, disinfecting and sealing the cavity are in every home. If problems arise with an old apple tree, it is better to cut it off, leaving a small stalk, which is grafted into another variety.
WHAT TO MAKE A DUPLO - VIDEO
How to close up a hollow
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