Category: Houseplants
Flowers chrysanthemums (lat.Chrysanthemum) belong to the genus of herbaceous annuals and perennials of the Asteraceae family, or Astrovye. The genus includes about 30 species, representatives of which grow in zones with cool and temperate climates, and mostly in Asia. In the garden culture, chrysanthemum has been known for more than a thousand years, and the plant got to Europe in the 17th century. Many chrysanthemums can be grown outdoors, but there are species that grow well in greenhouses and at home.
Indoor chrysanthemum - what is this flower, a short description
In a room culture, an ordinary perennial chrysanthemum is grown, but its varietal characteristics are selected so as to make it compact and lush blooming for 10 weeks or longer.
Potted chrysanthemum
The following varieties are on sale:
- Spherical. The bush represents shoots of different lengths tightly collected in a rosette, forming a crown in the form of a regular ball.
- Shrub. It has a trunk and numerous branching shoots.
- Ampelnaya. One of the rarest, it stands out for its creeping or drooping strongly branching shoots.
- Classic. Its crown is formed by several strong erect shoots, ending with single inflorescences or collected in a loose brush.
Flowers are double, semi-double and simple. Corolla is a basket in which the outer rows are formed by flowers with long petals, and the core is short, tubular, usually yellow. The color is very different - monochromatic and two-color.
Ampel chrysanthemum
The leaves of chrysanthemums are very different in size, the color is green or dark green. The surface of the leaf plates is velvety; when touched, it emits a pleasant bitter-herbaceous aroma. Flowers usually smell much stronger, but almost odorless hybrids have been bred for indoor conditions.
The root system is a highly branched rhizome. In adult plants, it can be cut into several pieces, each of which will serve as an excellent planting material. The main reproduction is seed.
Trim / Support / Garter
During spring pruning in March, the long shoots of the plant are shortened to give the bush the correct spherical shape.
In addition to the formative pruning, you need to pinch the newly growing shoots. This is done throughout the growing season.
Pinching the bush turns out to be lush and attractive.... During flowering, dry flowers and yellow leaves should be removed to prolong flowering.
Popular varieties of varieties of domestic chrysanthemums
At home, the following types of low-growing chrysanthemums demonstrated the best decorative effect.
Indian (Chrysanthemum indicum)
Potted hyacinth: home care
The natural form of Chrysanthemum indicum is the forerunner of many modern small-flowered hybrids. Their stems are 30 to 90 cm tall. Serrated gray-green leaves are heavily pubescent. The flower is simple with 1-2 rows of reed flowers of different shades along the edge of the basket and a yellow center. Flowering duration is at least 6 weeks.
Important! Sensitive to temperature drop, cultivated mainly in greenhouses.
Indian chrysanthemum home grade Fianna
Korean (Chrysanthemum koreanum)
The small-flowered hybrid, bred on the basis of the mulberry and Indian species, is extremely resistant to low temperatures. Suitable for open and closed ground. Blossom usually begins with a noticeable reduction in daylight hours.
For abundant budding, 5 hours of bright sun a day is enough. In the middle of summer, it needs a pinch, after which flowering begins after 4 weeks.
Korean Terry Red-Pink Chrysanthemum
Chinese (Chrysanthemum morifolium) mulberry
A semi-shrub with woody stems at the base. The varieties are found undersized (from 30 cm) and high (up to 140 cm). The stems are usually erect. The leaf is thick, with a strong odor, oval or lanceolate, up to 7 cm long, with a coarse toothed margin, with gray pubescence.
The flowers are large, formed by a loose brush at the ends of the shoots. The color is white, yellow, red, pink, bronze, purple.
Mulberry chrysanthemum
Shrub (Chrysanthemum frutescens) daisy
Compact varieties for home cultivation of this type of chrysanthemum are a little over 30 cm high. The flowers are similar at the same time to small daisies and daisies. The stems are highly branched, forming a dense dense crown with small leaves.
Interesting! Flowering begins in August and lasts until December. Shades are white, yellow, pink, red, purple.
Daisy Chrysanthemum Strauchmargerite
Chrysanthemum in a pot - home care
If the plant is purchased already blooming in a pot, then it will remain beautiful for a long time with regular watering. If desired, you can save it on the windowsill, or use it in the spring to plant it on a flower bed or in a flower garden, decorate balconies, loggias, terraces.
Indoor chrysanthemum - home care immediately after purchase
Potted lavender - home care
A newly purchased plant needs to be kept for some time (3-4 days) isolated from other indoor flowers. This time is required for adaptation and detection of possible diseases and pests. For prevention, it is worth treating the bush with Fitoverma solution in order to destroy pests invisible to the eye that can cause great damage to a home flower garden.
Illumination and temperature conditions
The best place for home chrysanthemums would be west or east windows. On the southern windowsill, they will be too hot, and because of the very bright light, the flowers can wither excessively quickly. On the north window, the formed buds risk not blooming at all. On a cool, ventilated glazed balcony with good illumination, flowers will do well.
The start for the beginning of flowering is usually a reduction in the length of daylight hours to 9-10 hours. At the same time, the summer heat subsides and the coolness necessary for the formation and blooming of buds sets in. Similar conditions occur in early spring, so at this time, repeated distillation of chrysanthemums is possible.
Interesting! Theoretically, at any time of the year, you can make the bush bloom, just reduce the length of daylight hours. To do this, 9 hours after dawn, the plant is covered with an opaque cap.
In summer, the optimum temperature is + 20-23 ° С, in autumn, a decrease to + 15-18 ° С is required, and in winter it is even cooler at + 3-8 ° С. In this mode, the bush will be able to demonstrate all its natural potential. If the room is much hotter in summer, then you will need to provide a constant flow of fresh air, as well as shading at noon. Without much damage to flowers, they can tolerate short frosts down to -3 ° C.
How to care for a chrysanthemum - watering rules and humidity
Flowers love abundant, but not over-watering.At the bottom of the pot, there must be a 3-5 cm layer of large stones for drainage. Watering through a pallet is not recommended, only through the top when at least half of the soil volume dries out.
Chrysanthemum gratefully responds to high humidity, but not to spraying. Therefore, it is worth leaving an open vessel with water nearby. Alternatively, you can put the pot in a double tray by filling the lower one with water.
Top dressing and soil quality
Chrysanthemums prefer soil with pH = 6.5. If it falls below 6.2, it will negatively affect growth. To obtain the desired value, liming can be applied, and saline soils are treated with iron or aluminum sulfate.
Top dressing is required throughout the active growing season from spring to autumn. In the spring, a complex mineral fertilizer with a predominance of nitrogen is applied; in the summer, mixtures with the formula NPK (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) = 5-10-10 or NPK = 5-10-5 are suitable.
Flower container size
The root system of potted chrysanthemums is highly branched, but it does not need to give it too much room to grow. If there is too much soil, it is extremely difficult to maintain an optimal moisture balance, and overgrowth of roots will reduce the abundance of flowering.
Advice! When transshipping a bush, it is necessary to increase the pot by only 1-1.5 cm in diameter, no more.
Pruning and replanting
A properly formed bush looks like a lush blooming globular cloud. For shaping, the growing shoots are pinched several times. This measure allows you to achieve a dense tillering of the crown, the appearance of new shoots, as well as an increase in the number of buds.
A transplant is required for the first 5 years every year. They do it in the spring. Older plants need it less often - every 2-3 years. Usually the bush is rolled over, adding soil along the edges, since the roots are very tightly entwined with an earthen ball and suffer from its destruction.
Features of flowering plants
Hyacinth - home care, growing in a pot
All chrysanthemums are plants of shrinking daylight hours. For this reason, they bloom only in the second half of summer, in autumn, when the day is rapidly declining.
A period of activity and rest
Typically, the flowering period from bud formation to wilting of the last flower lasts 6-10 weeks. The timing directly depends on the variety. In winter, a period of complete dormancy lasts, the ground part is almost completely removed, and the pots are kept in a dark and cool place. Spring and the first half of summer is the time for the formation of a new lush bush.
Types and shape of flowers
The chrysanthemum flower is a basket in which the outer rows consist of flowers with long petals, and the central part consists of small and short tubular flowers. The number and shape of long flowers determines what the corolla will be - simple, semi-double or double.
Indoor large-flowered double yellow and white chrysanthemums
Why may not bloom
There are several reasons for the lack of flowering, but they are all well known and easily eliminated:
- Lack of lighting. The length of daylight hours required for chrysanthemums in the house is 9 hours. If the light comes only 7 hours a day, then this can cause the buds to weaken, they simply will not open and begin to dry.
- Lack of nutrition. In summer and autumn, fertilizers with a predominance of phosphorus and potassium are applied at intervals of 1 time in 2 weeks. If there are no buds, it is worth feeding the plants.
- Too abundant and late pruning. Having removed shoots with buds, you will have to wait a long time for the formation of new ones.
Watering
Before watering the chrysanthemum in a pot, you need to check the condition of the soil. The soil for the normal development of the plant should be constantly moist, but it should not be overmoistened.
And the drying out of a clod of earth is detrimental to the plant, if the soil in the pot dries up completely, the plant will die.
The optimum moisture content of the earthen coma is maintained all year round both during growth and flowering, and during wintering.
Water the plant with settled tap water at room temperature.
Chrysanthemums grow well with moderate air humidity in a city apartment. There is no need to specifically raise or lower it.
Spraying is not necessary for the care of the plant, but it does not harm it. In summer, you can spray the plant 2-3 times a month to remove dust from the leaves.
During the flowering period, spraying is stopped.so that water does not get on the flowers and cause them to rot.
Flower reproduction methods in an apartment
Indoor chrysanthemums reproduce well. You can even get a lot of cheap planting material for your garden or summer cottage from 1 bush by organizing a multi-colored mix of them.
Reproduction of chrysanthemum by cuttings
The best time for cuttings is summer, its second half, when the ends of the shoots have not yet acquired buds. The tops of twigs 7-10 cm long are cut and lowered into water, or immediately dripped with tips into pots with soil. Root formation time is 2 weeks. As soon as the young growth reaches 5 cm, you can transplant it into pre-prepared pots or directly into the open ground.
Chrysanthemum cuttings
Dividing the bush
From the second year, you can divide the chrysanthemum root system for reproduction. But experienced gardeners recommend doing this later - after 3-4 years. The advantage of this method is that spring cuttings will bloom already this year.
It is best to combine dividing the bush with transshipment. The rhizome is cut with a sharp knife into 2-3 parts, so that then each one can be planted separately.
Growing from seeds
Growing seedlings is not difficult. Sowing seeds in the ground is carried out in late February - early March. Usually, seedlings appear in 10-14 days. The pick is carried out at the stage of 3-4 true leaves. Seedlings are kept at temperatures above +17 ° C, watering regularly.
A week before the expected landing in open ground, hardening begins in the afternoon in the fresh air. If young seedlings grow at home, then they do not need hardening.
Chrysanthemum seedlings
Types and varieties
There are many varieties of chrysanthemums, and the countries of East Asia are considered their homeland. It is in this part of the world that chrysanthemums are considered a symbol of good luck, luck, love and home comfort.
Small-flowered chrysanthemum
In street conditions, both low-growing or curb chrysanthemums and tall varieties are common. It makes no sense to grow high varieties in indoor conditions, they will not have a presentable appearance, and they will take up a lot of space. That is why it is customary to grow only low varieties of this plant in closed rooms.
The most popular among florists are:
- Chinese or mulberry
- Korean stunted
- indian
All of them were originally intended only for closed spaces, but if possible, they can be planted in open ground for the summer. There they will gain strength and after transplanting into a pot in the fall they will decorate the windowsill with lush flowering for a long time until the New Year.
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Chinese varieties
Most often in our stores they offer undersized varieties from the Chinese selection.
Their general characteristics are as follows:
- bush during the growing season can reach 17-65 cm
- leaves are dark green in color
- flowers can be both small and large
- there are ampelous types
Dwarf chrysanthemum
Varietal forms "Charm" are especially popular. Baskets-inflorescences delight the eye for a long time with variegated colors and fold into a large ball.
Dwarf "Minimum" is easy to distinguish from the rest:
- in height they rarely reach 20 cm;
- leaves are small, dark in color;
- flowers can be small and medium, practically do not reach large sizes;
- with proper care, flowering lasts up to 2.5 months.
The color range of inflorescences is very diverse, there are both monochromatic varieties and mixed colors.
Cascading ones are more often used for landscaping balconies, verandas and terraces. It is the ampelous chrysanthemums of Chinese selection that will be able to bring a piece of warmth until late autumn, yellow, white and red species are especially appreciated.
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See also: Growing Lavender from seeds at home: description, varieties, planting and care, stratification | (50+ Photos & Videos) + Reviews
Korean stunted
A beautiful ball on the windowsill, even without flowers, pleases the eye all summer, closer to autumn it gradually begins to be covered with small and large flowers, while keeping its shape to the last. This is how chrysanthemums, whose homeland is Korea, are characterized, multiflora is considered their most common variety.
The most popular pom-poms are:
- Orange Jam
- "Navare"
- "Stella"
Chrysanthemum of Korean selection
Their variety is impossible to describe, the color of flowers can be very different. The most valuable are the varieties with bluish and green baskets.
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Varieties from India
Indian varieties are characterized by a small bush size, their foliage is lighter in color, flowers are usually small or medium. They are real sissies, they can be grown successfully only in pots, open ground even in summer can be destructive for them.
Variety of Indian selection
Varieties rarely form a ball, even with regular pinching, most often their crown turns out like a flat dish... The color of flowers can be varied, most often orange, pink, burgundy, yellow flowers appear on store shelves. It is Indian varieties that are most often grown in winter gardens, greenhouses.
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Read also: Aquilegia: 25 most common species, planting, care and reproduction rules (70+ Photos & Videos) + Reviews
Growing problems, diseases and pests
Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, there are usually no problems with chrysanthemums. But due to drafts, hypothermia with excessive watering or infection, brown or black spots may appear on the leaves. This is a symptom of the appearance of a fungal disease. It will be necessary to urgently correct the care of chrysanthemums by reducing watering, slightly increasing the temperature of the content and improving lighting, removing wilted parts.
Important! For treatment, treatment is carried out with fungicidal preparations, for example, "Topaz", "HOM".
At home, chrysanthemums are threatened by spider mites, aphids, thrips, and when kept on open balconies - by whiteflies. If you find drying out of foliage, suspicious spots on the leaves and flowers, traces of gnawing on foliage, you should treat with insecticides and acaricides: "Aktara", "Fitoverm", "Sunmight".
The variety of modern hybrid indoor chrysanthemums is very large, you can choose the size, shade and even aroma to your taste. Taking care of indoor bushes is not difficult, and the result is truly breathtaking!
Chrysanthemum storage in winter
As we said, the crown of a flower can be pruned and grown throughout the winter, but some gardeners send the crop to a "dormant state" to obtain abundant flowering. In practice, there are several ways to store chrysanthemums.
Chrysanthemum on verandas and insulated loggias
With the onset of winter, it is necessary to reduce the watering of the crop (1 time per 4 weeks). After dropping the last inflorescences, the shoots are cut to 15 centimeters, then the plant is insulated and sent to storage on the balcony at a temperature of about 5 degrees.
With the arrival of spring, when new shoots appear on the chrysanthemum, the flower is returned to normal conditions.
Chrysanthemum care and storage in the house
If the apartment does not have a balcony or basement, then the culture can be left to winter on the windowsill. In this case, the grower must remove the drying leaves and buds, while the watering regime remains the same.
