The apple tree is one of our favorite fruit trees, gardeners, which are grown in absolutely all garden plots of our country. We all want to have more of these trees in our summer cottages, and so that the varieties are different.
Among the many types of apple trees, including new ones, many of us still prefer old proven varieties that have been cultivated for more than a dozen years. Among such species, the Berkutovskoe apple tree is especially distinguished, which has long been loved by many of us and is undeniably the queen of many garden plots, due to its many advantages over other varieties.
In the photo there is an apple-tree Berkutovskoe.
Description of the variety
The plant is remarkable not only for the appearance of the tree, but also for the fruits. No wonder the variety was awarded a gold medal at one of the All-Russian exhibitions in 1991.
The appearance of the tree
The stem of the tree is covered with smooth gray bark. Shoots of red-brown color are slightly pubescent and form a pyramidal crown. The branches are medium-sized and sparsely located, perpendicular to the trunk.
Barrel height
Trees reach a height of 3 meters with an average thickening of the crown. In areas with cold winters, it is better to choose an apple tree 2 meters tall.
Foliage appearance
The leaves are elliptical in shape with a pointed tip and serrated edges. The foliage is dark green.
Apples
The tree blooms in May, covered with a white-pink cloud of flowers. The fruits of the variety are medium-sized, round in shape. The average weight of apples reaches 150 grams. The color of the skin is bright, with red streaks over the entire surface, turning into a solid blush. There are subcutaneous points, there are few of them, and they are almost invisible. Fruits with a deep funnel, slightly rusty. The seeds are in open chambers, they are large, conical in shape. Apples hang on stalks of medium length and thickness.
Root
The apple tree root system consists of skeletal, fibrous roots. Skeletal are thicker and more durable, they make up the skeleton of the root system. On the skeletal ones there are fibrous roots, which are highly branched. The root system lies at a depth of 25-30 centimeters.
Subspecies
If the Berkutovskoe apple tree is grafted onto the rootstocks, the taste of the fruit will not change, but the structure of the tree will change. You can change the crown by grafting, its compactness, the timing of fruit ripening.
On a dwarf rootstock
If you choose a dwarf rootstock, you get a tree that takes up little space in the garden. This is convenient for summer residents with a small plot area. And caring for the apple tree will be much easier.
Late
Late varieties of apple are suitable for growing in harsh conditions. And the taste of apples does not change, but becomes better. After harvesting, it can be stored for a long time, until spring.
Testimonials
We will find out what opinion our gardeners have about the cultivation of the Berkutovskoe apple-tree variety.
- Nikolay, Veliky Novgorod: “Apple tree Berkutovskoe has been growing with me for 15 years. The variety is liked by its unpretentiousness and high stable yields. I am satisfied - the fruits are large, feeding and watering are standard, the tree is going through the winter well. I recommend the variety - it is excellent for the middle lane. "
- Boris, Oryol: “I have several varieties of apples growing at my dacha, including Berkutovskoe.This variety is distinguished by stable yields, not capricious, it survives the winter without problems if properly prepared. The tree rarely gets sick, and if prevention is not forgotten, then it will not hurt at all. I advise the variety: it is the best option for a cool climate. "
But what are the reviews about the apple tree President, and how positive they are, this information will help to understand.
So, we examined the features of growing an apple tree of the Berkutovskoye variety. As you have seen, this domestic variety is distinguished by its remarkable fruitful, frost-resistant and other important characteristics. Therefore, if you are thinking about purchasing an apple tree seedling, pay attention to this interesting variety with tasty, large fruits.
Apple tree characteristics
In order to cultivate a fruit crop on your site, to properly care for it, you need to know the main characteristics of the tree. These include the growth of the crown, how the plant blooms and pollinates. Only with properly organized care based on the characteristics of the plant, Berkutovka will bring rich yields of apples.
Crown formation
The crown of an apple tree may have a rounded shape, wider at the base. Towards the top, the dimensions decrease. The crown is formed from the average size of the first and second order branches. The branches are straight. The crown is not thickened, therefore it is easy to prune.
Pollination and flowering
For high-quality fruit setting, the Berkutovskoye variety requires cross-pollination. Nearby, the Sinap North apple tree should be planted, which is most suitable as a pollinator.
Flowering begins in May, when small-sized inflorescences of a white-pink tone with flat petals appear on the shoots.
Description of fruits
The diameter of apples reaches 7 centimeters, and their weight is from 100 to 150, less often 200 grams. The surface of the fruit is greenish-yellowish with bright red shading, covered with small tubercles. The pulp under the smooth skin is juicy, fine-grained, creamy in color. If the funnel of the fruit is deep, then the calyx is closed. The apple saucer has a slight ribbing, and a large onion-shaped heart.
Yield
Fruiting begins in the Berkutovskoye variety from the 3-4th year of life. Up to 70 kilograms of fruit are harvested from one tree, leveled in size.
See also
Causes and symptoms of apple moniliosis, how to treat the disease by various meansRead
Low temperature resistance
The apple tree tolerates frosts firmly, but within 25-30 degrees below zero. Resistance to lower temperatures is average. After freezing, the tree quickly recovers.
Disease and pest resistance
The variety has an average immunity to scab, but is susceptible to other fungal infections, especially powdery mildew. Of the pests, you can find caterpillars of the moth, leaf rollers on the apple tree. It affects trees and aphids.
Tasting qualities
Apple fruits are highly rated for their taste, not less than 4.8 points. Apples are classified as non-allergenic varieties. Therefore, they use the apple harvest Berkutovskoe for the preparation of baby food.
How to plant a tree on the site
Planting a seedling has several nuances and requirements. They need to be observed so that the tree takes root and gives good yields.
Required soil composition
The apple tree prefers black soil, sandy loam or loamy soil. It is desirable that in the selected area the groundwater is at a depth of at least 2 m. If the ground is wet, swampy, then it is better to mix it with sand and lay drainage during planting.
The acidity of the soil should be neutral or slightly acidic. In an alkaline earth, the tree will die quickly.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
For Berkutovsky, they choose a well-lit area, closed from strong gusts of wind, without shading.Pollinators should be located nearby at a distance of 3 m from the tree.
See also
Description and characteristics of the Streyfling apple tree, planting and care rules
To read
The seat is prepared in advance. They choose a place, draw a circle or square of the desired size. Then dig a hole. The earth from the pit is mixed with:
- 10 kg of humus;
- 300 g superphosphate;
- 200 g of potassium salt.
Half of the mixture is placed back, left until planting. You need to prepare the place in advance. For example, from spring to autumn or from autumn to spring. It is allowed to prepare the seat 14 days before the procedure. But during this time, minerals cannot be completely absorbed into the soil.
Planting pit dimensions and depth
The tree is compact and not very large. A hole 70-80 cm deep and 70 cm in diameter is suitable for it.
Timing and step-by-step algorithm for planting a seedling
Landing is carried out according to a certain algorithm:
- The roots of the seedling are soaked in water for 24 hours.
- Place the tree in the hole with the roots down.
- Spread them out with your hands.
- Fall asleep with the rest of the mixture, tamp it with your hands.
- A trunk circle with a depth of 10 cm is formed.
- Sprinkle with 6 buckets of water.
To protect the seedling from strong wind and rain, before planting, a wooden stake is driven into the bottom of the pit and tied to it.
Cultivation of apple trees Berkutovskoe
The growth of fruit trees, their durability depends on the laying of the garden. Everything is important in these measures: the composition of the soil, and the place for the site, and the occurrence of groundwater. A larger percentage of the garden's land is allocated for apple trees. Landings must be protected from cold winds.
Disembarkation
Before the start of the activities for planting apple trees, they break up a plot, dig holes. Compliance with the correct planting dates will lead to the fact that the tree, its root system, will be strong. And you can quickly wait for the fruits from such apple trees.
Selection of seedlings
Saplings of fruit crops are picked up from the 1st or 2nd year of life. Before planting, the seedlings are kept in moist soil. If they are transported, then the roots need to be dipped in an earthen mash so that they do not dry out.
How to choose a landing site
For an apple tree Berkutovskoe you need a sunny open place. If the groundwater is close to the soil surface in the garden, then trees are planted on the hills. On the pits, the pits need to be made deeper, placing a layer of humus on the bottom. It will prevent salts from penetrating the roots of the apple tree.
Distances between seedlings
The gap between the seedlings is 2-3 meters. And between the rows 1 meter recedes. You can fill the land with plantings of greenery, vegetables. Do not plant corn and sunflowers next to the apple tree.
The right time to plant
Gardeners believe that it is best to plant an apple tree in the spring. As soon as the snow melts, the buds have not yet begun to wake up, you can start planting fruit crops. Autumn planting is also possible. But you can't wait with her. If the apple trees are not planted in time before the frost, then you need to dig them into the ground and leave them until spring.
Landing step by step
Landing is carried out sequentially:
- Humus, mineral fertilizers are introduced into the pits prepared in advance. Do this after mixing fertilizers with the ground.
- Having filled the hole by 3 quarters, a layer of fertile soil is poured with a mound in the middle.
- The seedling is lowered onto a mound, checking the position of the root system. The tree is placed on the north side of the peg. The trunk is placed 2-3 centimeters from it.
- The root collar is set so that it is at ground level.
- The hole is filled with nutritious soil, shaking the seedling. The soil will then settle between the roots.
- Compact the soil around the trunk with your foot from the edge of the pit to the seedling.
- It remains to make a roller to mark the boundaries of the hole.
- The planted tree is watered abundantly, 30-50 liters per hole.
- Apply a layer of manure or humus mulch.
Proper planting will allow the fruit crop to develop better.
Growing a healthy tree
Each stage of planting is approached carefully. For the first 2 years, the tree needs a peg tie. Depending on the timing of planting, they protect the young crop from diseases and pests. In the spring, the soil is treated with Bordeaux liquid. In the fall, after planting, the stems of the apple tree are covered with non-woven material or brushwood.
Fruiting periods
The Berkutovskoe apple tree begins to bear its first fruits in the 3-4th year of life. Then they are received regularly, every year. And the yield only increases with proper care, comfortable conditions for the development of culture.
Selection
The Berkutovskoe variety is considered an achievement of breeders. The apple tree is approved for cultivation in the Saratov and Volgograd regions, although you can try to cultivate it in areas with more severe climates.
Landing features
Like any fruit plant, representatives of the Berkutovskoye variety require sufficient attention even during planting for optimal growth and development. During this period, it is necessary to strictly observe all the subtleties of agricultural planting culture, otherwise the young tree will suffer from suppression of immunity.
Did you know? Regardless of the variety, each apple is approximately 25% air. That is why the fruit does not drown in water, both in green ripeness and in the phase of full ripeness.
Optimal planting time
There are two acceptable periods in the season for planting an apple tree - spring and late autumn. Plants of any age are planted in the spring, since during this period even one-year-old shoots can take root. Spring planting contributes to the production of perfectly rooted plants by the end of summer, which is the main condition for the successful wintering of the apple tree. The best time to plant in spring is from late April to mid-May.
We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the winter varieties of apple trees:
Apple tree care
It is necessary to take care of the apple trees so that the tree acquires a powerful and durable skeleton, correctly located branches in the crown. Do not forget about the condition of the soil in the garden. It requires watering, feeding, loosening.
See also
In which regions is it best to plant the apple variety Cinnamon new, a description of the fruits and taste characteristicsRead
Crown formation by pruning
You can create the shape of the tree with formative scraps. The crown of this variety can be represented as:
- sparse tiered;
- cupped;
- fusiform;
- bushy.
An operation is performed with a pruner before the start of sap flow in the spring. The variety also requires regular sanitary pruning with the removal of dry, diseased branches.
How to care during flowering
During the flowering period, the apple tree needs protection from frost. If they often return in the spring, then blooming apple trees can be saved by lighting up smoke piles in the garden. The smoke covers the plants and the heat is retained. Blooming trees can be delayed for several days if they are watered at the end of April.
During the flowering period, the crop needs fertilizing in the form of organic and mineral fertilizers.
Irrigation
Apple trees are watered with furrows, 4-5 procedures per summer are enough. If the summer is dry, then irrigate more often. Especially hydration is needed 3 weeks before picking apples. 60 to 100 buckets of water are enough per square meter.
Pest control
Of the pests to the apple tree, the moth in the caterpillar stage inflicts great damage. They hibernate in dense cocoons in cracks in the bark, under lumps of earth. To scare away butterflies, bags of mothballs are used. Protect from pests burlap belts on the lower part of the trunk.
Dangerous for aphid culture. She sucks the juice from the leaves, they dry up and fall off. After detecting aphids, it is necessary to spray with a decoction of tobacco dust or makhorka.
Trees are sprayed with infusion of onion husks when a spider mite appears. It is necessary to carry out 3-fold processing with a break of 10 days.
Fight disease
The apple tree of the Berkutovskoye variety has a gene for immunity to scab, but is often affected by the fungus of powdery mildew... The disease manifests itself as a whitish bloom on the leaves, fruits, shoots. After some time, the plaque turns brown, becoming like felt. You can get rid of the infection by pruning damaged branches, burning them.
It is necessary for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes to spray the trees with a solution of ferrous sulfate, and after blooming the leaves - soda. A solution of manure, which is prepared from 3 parts of water and 1 part of manure, will also help. Insist on the medicine for 3-4 days. Diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 3 and treated in the evening every 7 days after the leaves have blossomed. Spraying is not done during flowering.
Fertilizing the soil
Every year the apple tree needs organic and mineral fertilizing. Mullein and bird droppings are first diluted with water in a barrel in a ratio of 1: 3, and then, after 5 days, they are brought to the desired concentration and the trees are watered. The first time it is needed in mid-May, when buds are blooming, then in June, when the tree has faded.
Mineral fertilizers are used in August. They are replaced with a solution of wood ash, taking 50 grams per bucket of water.
What diseases and pests is exposed
This type of culture has excellent immunity to almost all existing ailments, except for powdery mildew and scab, which can get sick in wet weather. Powdery mildew manifests itself by the appearance of a white bloom on leaves, inflorescences, young shoots, and ovaries. Leaves curl and fall off. Apples become deformed, dry out and fall off. Preventive treatment of apple trees in early spring with sulfur-based preparations, as well as the Topaz fungicide, will help protect against the disease.
Scab is a fungal disease. Symptoms are dark spots on leaves and fruits. Leaves fall off over time, and apples crack. Treatment of trees with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid or Agat-25K will help prevent ailment.
Powdery mildew of an apple tree.
Among the pests that can harm trees, a spider mite is isolated, which insecticides Fufanon, Karate, Fitoverm, Karbofos will help to fight.
Harvest and related work
In late September - early October, the Berkutovskoe apple harvest is ready for harvest. It is better to shoot on time so that the fruits are preserved until spring.
Harvesting
The important thing in removing apples from the branches is to leave the fruit branches intact. Therefore, they carefully unscrew the fruits, separating them. Pulling and picking apples is not recommended.
Storing apples
For laying apples for the winter, wooden boxes made of slats are used. First, the damaged, crumpled fruits are discarded, and then 15-20 kilograms are poured into each container. Fruit boxes are placed in cellars with an air temperature of +2 degrees.
Fruit application
In addition to fresh use, apples of the variety are used to prepare blanks for the winter. The juice is delicious. Fruits are suitable for preserves, jams, marmalades.
To help the gardener
Deciding to plant a new apple variety is always difficult. Often summer residents do not know how to care for a fruit crop, whether it will take root in the region. You also need to know about the nuances of caring for an apple tree.
Regions suitable for cultivation of the variety
The best area for growing Berkutovskoe apple trees are areas with a temperate continental climate. These are the areas of the Volga region, the Moscow region. Although in the Moscow region, winters are the least suitable for apple trees. The warmer, the better the quality of the fruit from this variety will be. In harsh conditions, the tree may not survive the winter, it may freeze.
Selection
In the 70s of the last century in Saratov, the inflorescences of the American apple variety "Kortland" were pollinated with the pollen of "Anise" pink-striped and "Antonovka". The work was carried out by breeders G.V. Kondratyeva. and Berkut O.D., and in 1987, the variety was patented, receiving the name of one of the creators.
A year later, "Berkutovskoye" became regionalized for the Volga region.The breeders' experience became so successful that in 1991 the Saratov Berkut apples won the gold medal of the All-Russian Exhibition Center.
In 2005, "Berkutovskoe" received the honorary title of one of the Golden varieties among fruit crops.
