Light green glossy leaves of a bulbous plant form a ground rosette, beautifully shading small bell-shaped flowers, collected in an inflorescence - a panicle. Plant height - 35 - 45 cm.
Hyacinth is one of the first spring flowers to be widely grown in greenhouses in early spring. The plant is used for one-time distillation at home. Here it grows at an average rate. The compact fragrant bush pleases with bright flowering for 2 weeks.
Also be sure to grow chlorophytum at home. One of the most important plants for the home.
| Growth intensity is medium. |
| Blooms for 3 weeks. |
| The plant is easy to grow. |
| For distillation. Better to transplant to the garden. After flowering, the bulb is not distilled. |
2.Description of hyacinth
Hyacinth is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant that is often grown as an indoor plant.
Leaves oblong - lanceolate, straight, green, collected in a socket 10 - 15 cm long, surround the peduncle.
Thick powerful peduncle bears a dense conical inflorescence-raceme, consisting of many small, very fragrant flowers.
Shades flowers very diverse - in white, yellow, pink, purple and blue tones.
Bulbs slightly flattened, covered with purple or brown scales. As a rule, the larger the bulbs, the more abundant the flowering will be.
Blooming hyacinth publishes pleasant aroma, reminiscent of lilac, with the most intense smell of white hyacinths.
In Europe, hyacinth appears in the 17th century and in 1734 falls into the land of flowers - Holland. By this time, the fashion for tulips had already declined and hyacinth took a leading position among flowers.
For the first time, terry hyacinth varieties were bred by Dutch growers.
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Height. 10 - 30 cm.
How to choose and prepare bulbs for planting
Choose the right bulbs before growing them. They should be:
- dense;
- large (at least 5 cm);
- healthy;
- not rotten;
- whole.
Hyacinths: flowers, plant, home care
When choosing the bulbs, the color of their cover scales will indicate what the flowers will be like. So, the cultivation of grayish-cream indicates the appearance of yellow inflorescences, burgundy - red, light gray - white, lilac - pink, violet - blue, violet and blue.
Important! It is best to purchase bulbs in flower shops, where they have already gone through all the stages of preparation, processing before planting.
Self-preparation of hyacinth bulbs for planting is carried out in several stages:
- Digging out the base from the soil for ripening.
- Drying the bulbs at a temperature of 25-30 ° C for two weeks.
- Decrease in temperature to 22-25 ° C in two weeks.
- Store the bulbs in a cool place at 17 ° C until forcing.
When choosing a pot, it should be borne in mind that it should be medium in size.It is desirable that it be equipped with drainage holes at the bottom. It is better to purchase soil for the plant in flower shops.
Hyacinth will not grow in acidic soil
Note! Hyacinth cannot grow in acidic soil, and therefore it is important to normalize the pH level with lime or crushed chalk.
3. Planting and caring for hyacinth in the open field
When planting in open ground, plants are placed in a warm and sunny place - when grown in the shade and high humidity, the bulbs can rot.
As a general rule, the bulbs are placed at a depth of 3 times the height of the bulb.
A small layer of coarse river sand about 2 - 3 cm thick is poured onto the bottom of the landing pit.
So that moisture does not stagnate near the flower, the soil around it is mixed with sand and sprinkled on the bulb in a circle, lightly tamping it with your hands.
Outdoor watering should be moderate.
With this method of cultivation, plants have unlimited nutritional area and can stock up on nutrients for future use.
If the winters are harsh, cover the planting with spruce branches or a small layer of fallen leaves.
When to plant hyacinths
A good time to plant bulbs is mid September / October. It should be borne in mind that if you plant a tuber too early, then it will begin to develop, but it will not stand the winter, it will freeze. If you plant hyacinths too late, then they will not have time to take root and get used to the place - accordingly, they will also die. If you are late with landing, then hurry up by the first week of November - this is the latest date. To do this, you will have to resort to additional measures - cover the planting site with fallen leaves, spruce branches or any other shelter to prevent the bulbs from freezing.
Can hyacinths be planted in spring? I often see gardeners asking about the spring planting of hyacinths. Most likely this question arises if you bought or presented you with a blooming hyacinth in a pot. What about the onion in this case? First, let the flower bloom. Secondly, do not immediately transplant the bulb into open ground. Let the bulb ripen: reduce watering, leave the flower alone, wait until all the leaves turn yellow and begin to die off. It will take about a month and a half. After that, free the onion from the pot and leave in a shaded place until September-October (the timing depends on the region). And then do as the advice recommends planting hyacinths in the fall.
5 potted hyacinth - home care
5.1 Forcing at home
Planting for forcing plants can be done at any time you want.
- Place a drainage layer on the bottom of the container.
- Plant several bulbs in one pot so they protrude halfway from the soil.
- Tamp the surface of the substrate around the bulbs a little.
- Maintain a distance of about 2.5 cm between the bulbs when planting.
- The top layer can be filled with coarse river sand, which will remove moisture from the bulb.
- Keep flower pots cool and dark until new growth emerges.
Hyacinths love slightly cramped conditions - do not plant them in large pots.
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5.2 Growing hyacinths, storing bulbs
How to care for hyacinth? Growing a flower at home has its own characteristics and rules of agricultural technology, but every grower can germinate bulbs.
With proper planting and observance of the temperature regime, the first flowers can be obtained already after 2 - 3 months.
As soon as a flower arrow appears on the planted bulb - cover the plant with an opaque material for several days - this will allow you to get a higher peduncle. The cover can be removed when the peduncle reaches 10 cm. in height.
After flowering, you should not cut off the flower stalks themselves, but you just need to remove the ugly buds so that the plants do not waste their energy on the formation of seeds.The flower stalks will dry out on their own over time and can be easily removed by simply removing them from the leaf outlet.
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After the leaves die off the bulbs are removed from the soil, cleaned of soil residues, dead scales and old roots, dried at a temperature of about 20° C and treated with a fungicide.
Dried leaves and roots after digging the bulbs are cut with sharp scissors and the cut sites are dried at room temperature for several hours.
After drying, the bulbs are planted in the garden or stored in a dark and cool place until the next season.
Remember that in the second year, when grown indoors, the bulbs may not bloom - it is better to place them in the garden for one season and only after a year take them back into the house.
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Plant care should be continued even after the hyacinth has faded.
The bushes are fed and watered until the leaves naturally die off completely - these measures allow the bulb to gain strength for a new flowering next season.
Every week turn the plant pot a quarter turnso that it does not tilt towards the light source.
Leaves drooping and beginning to turn yellow are not removed after flowering - they continue to participate in the process of photosynthesis and feed the bulb. You can speed up the withering process if you reduce the frequency of watering.
After the ground part dies off, the bulbs are stored in a dark, cool and well-ventilated place.
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5.3 Watering the hyacinth
When planting, the soil should be moist, but not soggy. Then the soil is properly spilled until completely wetted and the top layer about 1 cm thick is allowed to dry between waterings.
Hyacinths are especially active consume moisture during flowering... After flowering, they water a little less, but still regularly - until the ground part dies off.
After the leaves die off, watering is completely stopped and the bulbs are stored in practically dry soil.
Purchased flowers are usually placed in a very cramped pot, which creates some inconvenience when watering. It will be more convenient to water such specimens through the pallet.
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5.4 Fertilizer
If the bulbs are intended for subsequent planting in the garden, then fertilizers are applied even after flowering to allow the bulb to regain its strength.
Decorative hyacinth loves not only mineral, but also organic fertilizers.
Top dressing is carried out every 2 weeks from the beginning of new growth until the leaves completely die off after flowering.
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5.5 Containment Procedures - Temperature
First of all, for the onset of flowering, it is important to triple the hyacinth. cool stratification.
The planted hyacinth bulbs are stored at a temperature of about 5 ° C before the flower buds appear, then transferred to a warmer place.
Plants with shoots about 2 cm high should be kept in a room with a temperature 10 — 12° C.
Once the hyacinth throw out the flower arrow - it is transferred to a warm place with normal room temperature and good lighting. If the temperature rises too early, the plants may not give a flower arrow at all, but will develop only leaves.
Remember that hyacinth is more likely to love cool, and placement in a place that is too warm shorten flowering time... Among other things, keeping it warm at the time of the appearance of the flower arrow contributes to the formation of an ugly, loose inflorescence.
Never store bulbs with dead ground parts in the refrigerator - in cool and humid conditions they will rot.
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5.6 Lighting
Hyacinth photophiloushowever, during some growing seasons, it must be kept in the shade.
Freshly planted hyacinth bulbs should be kept in the dark - in this case, the root system will be more developed. From planting to the appearance of the first shoots, 6 - 8 weeks pass - all this time the plant should be in the dark.
Further, they gradually increase the lighting, avoiding direct sunlight on the plant. For example, 10 - 12 weeks after planting, when the shoots are reached 2 - 2.5 cm high, the plants are taken out already in a semi-shady place.
When the appearance of buds Plants are placed in a brightly lit place with access to direct sunlight for several hours a day - only in the morning and evening hours.
After flowering, place the plants in a location out of direct sunlight.
After the leaves die off, lighting does not play any role - the bulbs are removed in a dark place.
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5.7 Soil
Nutritious, well-draining, peat-based.
Hyacinth does not like soils with a strongly acidic pH - plant the plants in neutral soil.
To improve drainage, coarse river sand, perlite or vermiculite should be mixed into the soil.
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5.8 Spraying
No need to spray.
Hyacinth loves ventilated premises, however, flowering plants cannot stand cold drafts.
Do not place hyacinth pots near a heating system.
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Hyacinth after flowering
After the hyacinth has faded, do not immediately dig up the bulbs. It is necessary to continue watering and feeding until the peduncle and leaves turn yellow, so the plant will inform us that it is preparing for the dormant period.
Many gardeners are wondering if it is possible not to dig up the bulbs for storage every year and leave them in the ground? We answer: yes, it is possible, but it is worth remembering that then the flowering for the next year may be weaker.
Residents of the southern regions can afford not to dig up the bulbs at all, in which there are optimal conditions for the onion to have a good rest and gain strength until the next flowering in spring.
In central Russia, the digging of hyacinths for winter storage is still recommended. The optimal time for removing the bulbs: the last decade of June - early July.
The bulbs are dug up, all that is left of the vegetation, including the roots, is cut off. The bulbs are packed in boxes in a well-ventilated area, dried and stored in a dark room until autumn. In the fall, you will need to plant them back in the ground.
6. Reproduction
Hyacinth bulbs usually live for 4-6 years, so it is necessary to constantly propagate the plants division... Reproduction is carried out by bulbs - children, which are formed around the main bulb in late summer or early autumn.
For the first time, young bulbs are trying to bloom only after 3 - 4 years.
During the first 1 - 2 years, young bulbs are not allowed to bloom, breaking off the peduncle immediately after emergence. Thus, the bulbs gain strength, become larger.
Old bulbs can form large scales at the base - they can be separated and planted separately in a moist substrate under a transparent plastic or glass shelter, at a temperature of about 20 ° C.
Young bulbs can form within a month.
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Reproduction methods
Potted lavender - home care
Independent reproduction of hyacinths is a long process, possible only in a greenhouse or garden, open spaces.
Note! The appearance of rodents on the site can accelerate flowering, since when they eat the bulbs, they stimulate the active growth of new cells.
Common ways to propagate flowers at home are:
- incision or cutting out the bottom (reproduction by children);
- propagation by leaves.
In the first case, small funnels are cut in the bulbs, after which they are placed in the box with the holes down and covered with a bag. It is important that the bottom of the flowerpot or other container is covered with perlite in advance. After 2-3 months, on average, with this method of breeding, new bulbs appear.
In the second case, two leaves are cut off from a flowering plant.They must be divided into several parts, the length of which will be at least 5-6 cm. After that, they are treated with a solution of heteroauxin, planted in a container with sand. Planting depth is no more than 3 cm. Next, the container is covered with a bag and placed in a cool shaded place. The roots and leaves with the described breeding option for hyacinths at home appear after a couple of months.
Professional flower growers use another method of plant propagation - seeds. It is very expensive and complex. Since it is not so easy to grow hyacinth from seeds, this method is not recommended for propagating flowers at home.
7 diseases and pests of potted hyacinths
- If the temperature regime is not observed, the green mass develops abundantly in the hyacinth to the detriment of flowering.
- Botrytis with too high humidity.
- Decay of leaves and bulbs with waterlogging and lack of drainage.
Harmful insects - aphids, hoverflies or flower flies, thrips, bears, onion mites, nematodes.
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Problems of growing hyacinths
If the hyacinth is not properly looked after, then the following problems may arise:
- The hyacinth stops blooming. This is usually due to a violation of the temperature regime. The plant does not like too high temperatures.
- The leaves of the plant turn yellow. Most often this happens against the background of improper watering or due to drafts.
- The leaves are withering. This is due to the lack of natural light.
- The buds are falling. This is due to improper watering. It must be carried out carefully so that water does not fall on the peduncle.
- Flowers rot. This happens when the plant is too "loved" (too watered).
Hyacinth is a rather unpretentious plant. With proper home care, there will be no particular cause for concern. It can be successfully grown by both experienced and novice amateur flower growers.
8.Appointment
Growing different varieties of hyacinth in one container always gives an impressive result.
Excellent distillation plant, from planting to flowering, an average of about 2.5 months pass, therefore, you can get a flowering plant for any holiday.
Hyacinth petals are added to the lotion - they are believed to help get rid of wrinkles.
Plant flowers are also an excellent natural flavoring agent in indoor environments.
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Benefit and harm
Is the hyacinth flower poisonous or not? For some growers, caring for hyacinth in room conditions causes concern about the property that all parts of it are poisonous if ingested.
If you have small children or pets in your home, take care to place the flower out of their reach, or avoid growing hyacinth.
However, hyacinth can be beneficial. In particular, it is believed that his the smell has aphrodisiac properties, and also normalizes the activity of hormones, relieves stress, has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system.
Also hyacinth used in perfumery and cosmetology, but before using these funds, you need to consult with a specialist, since hyacinth oil is a potent substance.
9.Note
Hyacinths can be indoors for several years, but more often they are transplanted into the garden after flowering.
From hyacinth flowers get essential oil, which has many useful properties - it is used, for example, in perfumes, in creams, as it can soften and moisturize the skin.
The essential oil also has a tonic effect and has soothing properties, which is why it is used in aromatherapy.
Hyacinth bulbs contain poisonous juicewhich, in turn, carries some oxalic acid, which can irritate the skin of the hands - use protective gloves when transplanting plants.
When ingested, plant sap can cause poisoningwhose symptoms are diarrhea and vomiting.
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11. Varieties and types of hyacinth:
11.1. Oriental hyacinth - Hyacinthus orientalis
The most common variety in floriculture, on the basis of which the vast majority of varietal plants in modern plant growing have been derived. These bulbous plants have green, belt-like, entire leaf blades. During the flowering period, often simultaneously with the formation of leaves, vertical, strong peduncles appear - each bulb is capable of producing 1 - 2 such peduncles. The flowers are fragrant, bright, painted in almost all shades of the rainbow.
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11.1.1 Hyacinthus Gipsy Queen
Large-flowered hyacinths with delicate salmon-colored buds. Plants reach a height of 25 - 30 cm and form buds in early spring.
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11.1.2 Hyacinthus Woodstock
Compact bulbous perennial bushes up to 25 cm high with large and bright inflorescences consisting of several dozen buds. The inflorescences are painted in a fairly wide palette of shades - from purple to burgundy.
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11.1.3 Hyacinths Isabelle
The main distinguishing feature of these plants are bright, large, double buds with a large number of petals. The color of the buds is in the blue - violet range.
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11.1.4. Hyacinth Odysseus - Hyacinthus Odysseus
Plants have light green leaf blades and tall peduncles with unusual peach-colored buds.
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11.1.5 Hyacinthus Marconi
A distinctive feature of this large-flowered variety is the bright pink color of fragrant inflorescences. The height of the bushes reaches 25 cm. Each peduncle bears 15 - 17 buds at the top, each of which can reach 4 cm in diameter. Blooming later.
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11.1.6. Hyacinthus grandiflorum Broadway - Hyacinthus Broadway
Flowering perennials up to 25 - 30 cm high with fairly wide, green, entire leaf plates. During the flowering period, each bulb produces a powerful vertical peduncle with 30 - 35 buds. The flowers are painted in a bright lilac shade.
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11.1.7. Hyacinth Brooklyn - Hyacinthus Brooklyn
One of the few yellow hyacinth varieties bred by breeders lately. Plant height can reach 20 - 30 cm. It is interesting that hyacinths with a similar yellow color of buds are among the last to bloom.
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11.1.8 Hyacinthus Bellevue
Compact bushes reach a height of 20 - 25 cm and adorn themselves with unusual peach buds during the flowering period. The variety belongs to large-flowered - buds in diameter can reach 4.5 cm, and on each inflorescence there can be up to 40 buds.
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11.1.9. Hyacinth Vurbak - Hyacinthus Vuurbaak
It is unlikely that the bright inflorescences of this variety will leave anyone indifferent. Wurbak flowers are colored in crimson or deep pink shades. The bushes reach a height of 30 cm, each peduncle is capable of carrying up to 30 attractive buds up to 4 cm in diameter. A distinctive feature of this variety is its extremely high frost resistance - in the open field the plants can withstand short frosts down to -35 ° C.
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11.1.10 Hyacinthus Annabelle
Charming, delicate primroses with large, double flowers, painted in a pink shade. Such buds look especially attractive against the background of dark green foliage. Plants reach a height of 25 - 30 cm.
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How to care for hyacinth
After the protective cover is removed, caring for the plants will consist in weeding, regular watering, loosening the soil, and applying top dressing. It should be borne in mind that hyacinths are bad for the neighborhood of weeds. When buds begin to set and flowering time comes, fertilizing the soil becomes especially relevant. After sprouting, the flowers can be fed with saltpeter (25-30 g per 1 m²).
The second stage of fertilization follows during the period when the buds are gaining color.Now, in addition to ammonium nitrate, you can add potassium chloride (25 g) and a phosphorus additive (for example, superphosphate, 35 g). At the end of flowering, superphosphate and potassium chloride are applied to the site - 35 g of each product per 1 m² of the area. The aisles or spaces between flowers are treated with fertilizers; after top dressing, watering always follows.
Hyacinths - how to care after flowering? Unfortunately, this wonderful period is fleeting; after the flowers dry, the roots should be saturated with moisture. For tubers to recover well after flowering, watering and fertilizing should be in the first place. If you live in a "cold" region, then you cannot leave hyacinths for the winter, they will have to be dug out - these are necessary measures for the further favorable formation of replacement buds.
If you live in the Kuban, in the Crimea, in the north of the Caucasus, then the annual digging of tubers can be avoided, but only under the condition of a very hot summer. It should be borne in mind that the bulbs left in the ground will give much fewer flowers next year.
From my experience, I can share this observation: I accidentally dug up several hyacinth bulbs, forgetting that they grew in my place. I didn’t begin to dig in, as it was urgently necessary to plant a rose seedling. And I forgot about them, leaving them lying on the porch. Accidentally stumbled upon them only in the fall. Planted. And in the spring I was surprised by the large peduncles, abundantly dotted with flowers, which crawled out of the ground in this very place. Other hyacinths bloomed too, but their blooms were much more modest, something like the one in the photo below.
Hyacinths have not been transplanted for a long time
