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Mini meat chickens are recognized as one of the best and most profitable breeds. Not every farmer owns a large farm, so small chickens are chosen from many breeds.
Description of mini meat breeds of chickens
Maintenance of Mini meat breeds of chickens
The rules for growing this variety are not too different. When caring for crosses of mini-meat directions. There is a certain gradation that sets the indices for these types of selections B-33 and P-11, one should strictly refer to the fact that drafts are contraindicated for them.
For this reason, it is better to build chicken coops using thermal insulation technology or to insulate existing premises using available thermal-saving materials.
In the photo Mini meat breed of chickens B-33.
It is also absolutely true that a clean dwelling for chickens helps to protect pets from infectious infection and parasites to which birds are naturally susceptible. Strictly beware of allowing healthy birds to be in the vicinity of a sick individual.
Signs of a sick bird:
- Lethargy;
- Passivity;
- Loss of appetite;
- Loss of feathers.
The spread of diseases in a flock has such a specificity that untimely isolation of an individual from the "risk group" for quarantine leads to the risk of intensive infection of all its neighbors. And it is already quite obvious that caring for pets implies visits to a veterinarian in order to determine the causes of current diseases and prevent epidemics.
Disease prevention
Let's start with a description of the general cleaning in the chicken coop, which must be carried out in compliance with all the rules and regulations. General cleaning is an annual procedure that is simple in itself from all points of view: first of all, the cells are treated with boiling water in order to make it easier to clean them with a brush and soapy water.
A solution of lysol of two percent concentration is also very popular, it is excellently suited as disinfectant materials. And everyone knows, banal, but effective denatured alcohol, which can be used instead of lysol.
It is categorically important to adhere to strict adherence to the instructions and descriptions of the drugs, since they belong to aggressive household chemicals!
Of the regular housekeeping procedures, special attention is paid to the arrangement of a special bedding with good absorption or, more simply, absorption.
Such a litter requires periodic replacement in the range from three weeks to once a month, since it is this sanitary approach that optimally contributes to maintaining a healthy microclimate of the livestock, allowing birds to maintain a beautiful and dense plumage.
In the photo Mini meat breed of chickens P-11.
Appearance
The body is compact with intensively developed muscles. The legs are short. The plumage is quite dense, making mini-chickens resistant to cold. The crest is small, classic leaf-shaped.
Be sure to read:
Chickens Brahma - breed description, egg production, growing and care
Does not freeze in winter. The maintenance of individuals of different colors allows in the future to obtain chickens of all colors existing in the breed.
Productive resource
Mini meat chickens of the Deggorn B-33 and P-11 breeds are white and fawn in terms of egg production and weight, practically do not differ. As already specified, there are two main nominations in the definition of mini-meat crosses, these are P-11 and V-33. It will also be appropriate to mention the coefficients of their productivity, which are directly related to the quality of the care conditions.
Average weight indicators are typical, they are: for females - 2.7 kg, for males - 3 kg. Since its inception, the meat of this bird has been considered and is still considered incredibly tender, it is extremely juicy and delicate in taste.
These gastronomic nuances are due to the fact that fat deposits are distributed evenly throughout the muscle tissue, without forming accumulations and deposits. This uniformity puts this chicken on a par with marbled veal.
Faverol
A famous beef breed, bred by French breeders by crossing native chickens with the classic Cochin and Dorkings.
Later, the external qualities changed greatly, the breed standard established today was obtained in Germany. Roosters have a wide and deep chest, an elongated back, at the end of which there is a slightly raised tail.
The tail feathers are very short, almost completely hidden by the braids. The wings are set high, close to the body. The head is flattened, the comb is erect with evenly cut teeth.
The beak is strong, but short, colored white or pink. The lobes are completely covered with feathers, the beard is proportional to the volume of the head, very pronounced.
Chickens are more stocky and overweight, have a slightly raised back in the lower back and a well-developed tail. On the upper part of the neck there is a pronounced collar with thick plumage. Most often there is a salmon color of feathers, a collar and a loin of ivory-colored roosters, a blue-green tint is found on the chest and tail.
Faverol are early maturing and rapidly gaining body weight birds. Roosters grow up to 4 kg, chickens up to 3.2 kg. Egg production is at a high level; in the first year, hens lay up to 160 eggs. Their weight reaches 58 g, the shell is colored brown-pink.
They note the excellent taste of meat, as well as the rapid growth of young animals. With proper maintenance, birds rarely get sick, they are adapted to severe frost.
However, birds are prone to obesity, so you need to correctly compose the diet. When crossed with other breeds, faveroli lose productivity.
Diet
The advantage of "minicom", along with successful breeding in small areas, can be noted and the modest volumes of feed consumption. Their diet, in general, differs little from the menu of ordinary layers, except that in the first weeks of life, the weight gain of young animals depends more on feeding with special mixtures with an emphasis on traditions for meat relatives.
Starting from a month, the transition to grain-mixtures is allowed, and premixes are applicable for general immunity, such as: fish-bone meal, chalk. The chickens of this poultry are content with chopped greens, they are very fond of grated curd and yogurt.
In the photo Mini meat chickens of the B-33 and P-11 breeds with cage keeping.
If you walk an adult bird every day, then in its habitat it is able to determine its own food, guided by its own needs. Standard feeding can generally only consist of grain waste if the regular walking is accompanied by a "feast" where the menu contains insects and green grass.
A mandatory phenomenon should be the presence of gravel, it is a mineral supplement and contributes to the functioning of the body's self-cleaning, being a natural abrasive.
Characteristics of each variety
Brama
As mentioned above, meat breeds include many species. And one of the most popular is brama.
These birds have a tough, but tasty dietary meat. The maximum live weight of a male is 4.5 kg, of a female - one kg less. Annual egg production is about 100 eggs.
Chickens have rounded wings, a large body, and a tail covered with lush feathers. The beak is bright yellow, on the ears - oblong lobes, on the paws - thick plumage. Brahms have a variety of colors. There are chickens with green-black feathers and a grayish head. There are birds with a silvery plumage and a black and white stripe around the neck.
Brahma are meat-biased chickens, but they are often bred for exhibitions and sporting events. The birds have a calm nature, so they are easy to tame. They are not capricious in content, easily tolerate temperature changes, but require a balanced diet. The menu should contain nutritious food with vitamins and microelements.
Among the advantages - birds do not need long walks.
Jersey giant
This is the largest variety of chickens with a meat bias, therefore it is characterized by increased productivity. They brought it to the United States in the 20th century.
The maximum weight of a rooster is 7 kg, and that of a chicken is 4.5 kg. Annual egg production is no more than 120 eggs, but hatching problems arise. Large hens often crush eggs, and sometimes they just throw them out of the nest.
Large birds have difficulty overcoming obstacles and do not fly. They don't need high fences and perches. But if the territory is small, chickens will develop poorly. The Jersey giant is kept in spacious sheds, and is released every day to walk.
The main task of the breeder is to make the right menu, taking into account the rapid weight gain of chickens. It is important to choose a varied diet with a lot of vitamins.
Dorking
Dorking appeared in England. Today, chickens of this type are popular for breeding for meat. Males weigh a maximum of 4.5 kg, hens - 3.5 kg.
The breed has a blue, striped red, ash, black or white color. In chickens, the scallop hangs to one side, and in roosters it is, so the sex of the bird is easy to determine. Breeders believe that individuals with white feathers have tender meat, while colored ones grow faster.
Inexperienced farmers should not start dorking, because birds of this breed are demanding to care for and cause a lot of problems. They get sick from the slightest draft, dampness and weather changes. Dorking also often has encephalitis. To avoid illness, veterinarians vaccinate layers 10-14 days before laying.
Cochinhin
Although this breed is meaty, its representatives are often used today as decorative ones.
The weight of the females is 4.5 kg, the males are by kg more. Layers have no maternal instinct, they rarely hatch chickens. The maximum annual egg production is 110 eggs.
There are two types of Cochinquin: common and dwarf. But there are almost no external differences between them. Chickens are very similar to representatives of the Brama breed, they have an attractive bright coloring of lush feathers.
Cochinchins move little and often appear slightly lethargic. Chickens do not require special conditions of detention, but they need a well-formulated diet. The advantages include frost resistance and balanced temperament.
Cornish
Birds of this meat variety appeared in the 18th century in Great Britain, when it was necessary to create massive chickens that did not ask for much food.
Representatives of this breed are rapidly gaining weight. Laying hens become sexually mature at the 7th month of life, egg production is 140 eggs. Due to low fertility, only 80% of the clutch hatches chicks.
Feathered white, black and variegated colors with a red border are widespread. Harsh feathers fit snugly to the body, there is almost no fluff.
The Cornish has a large carcass, yellow paws without feathers. Chickens are phlegmatic in nature. Among the downsides are problems with the legs that occur when there is a lack of movement.
Malin
Representatives of this meat species appeared in the 19th century. During their existence, they became owners of several names:
- Coco de Malin;
- Kuku Malin;
- Mecklin;
- Mecheln cuckoo.
The weight of the male is 5 kg, the female is 1 kg less. Egg production - 150 eggs. The survival rate of chicks is quite high - up to 98%. The meat of these birds is distinguished by its nutritious properties.
Raspberries have a small scarlet comb, a horizontal build, a clumsy body and feathers on their paws. There are striped, pearl, blue, black, white representatives of the breed.
The bird is unpretentious in content. Chickens need space, but you can do without a high fence, because they cannot fly. Representatives of the breed have an excellent appetite, but are picky about food.
The disadvantage is the lack of maternal instinct. The eggs have to be placed in an incubator because the females do not want to incubate them.
There is a Malin Chicken Connoisseurs Club in Belgium.
Plymouth Rock
This breed was bred in the middle of the 19th century in America. In the word "Plymouth Rock" the first part "Plymouth" means the city where the chickens were bred, and "rock" is a strong and large rock. The birds produce high quality meat and gain weight quickly. Large white specimens are usually found and are considered the most prolific.
Plymouthrocks have a small head, wide chest, yellow beak. There are many lush feathers on the neck and tail. Benefits include calm nature, good health and frost tolerance.
Chickens were bred as a beef breed, but 180 eggs can be obtained from each female per year. Moreover, they begin to rush from 6 months.
The disadvantages of meat include a yellowish color, but it tastes as tender as broiler.
Orpington
The virtues of the Englishman Orpington are fast weight gain and nutritious, tasty, low-fat dietary meat. The weight of the rooster is 4.5 kg, and the chicken is 1 kg less.
In the first year, chickens of this variety lay up to 155 eggs, but every year the productivity decreases by 15%.
Bulky chickens have a square-shaped body, a medium-sized head, and scarlet earlobes. Plumage colors - black, white, marble, golden, blue, chocolate. Paws are white-pink or black.
Individuals have a calm character, they are often used for home breeding. Orpingtons have a great appetite and often get very fat. Due to the lack of fresh air in males, sexual strength decreases.
Faverol
Faverolle was developed in France through industrial selection. Representatives of the breed have an average body weight: hens - 3.5 kg, roosters - 0.5 kg more.
In the first year, chickens produce 170 eggs, but over time, their number decreases. The disadvantages of faveroli are the tendency of females to be overweight and unwillingness to hatch eggs. It is often necessary to hatch chicks in an incubator.
Chickens of this meat type have a slightly oval bulky body, short legs in feathers, and a bushy tail. Previously, individuals were found only with silver and salmon feathers. Then they brought out blue, coffee, black, sand, white chickens.
Faverolle is prized for its tender meat, frost tolerance and lack of finicky cultivation. They can be grown in the country and allowed for long walks. Individuals have good immunity, but they are afraid of high humidity.
Langshan
Meat chickens of this breed originated in China. At first, the population did not leave the country. There are English and German subspecies, the first is distinguished by the presence of feathers on the legs. Individuals have a large body, a wide back, and a miniature scallop. The tail is decorated with lush feathers. The annual egg production of a laying hen is up to 110 eggs.
Ameraucana
The Ameraucana breed appeared in 1970. Its representatives come in several colors: white, brown, silver, blue, black, wheat with a blue sheen, just wheat, yellowish. Live weight of males - 3.5 kg, hens - 1 kg less. Egg production - 230 eggs.
Producers note the aggressiveness of the roosters of this meat species, even fighting with females.In general, these birds are inquisitive and walk around the yard for hours, being interested in everything that happens. Read more in the article "Description of the breed of chickens Ameraucana".
Cornish (Cornish species)
The average weight of males is 4.5 kg, hens - one kg less. The advantage of the breed is its fast growth. Laying hen lays about 140 eggs per year.
Outwardly, they look very light, since the plumage is adjacent to the carcass. Snow-white birds have a scallop on their heads that resembles a pod. The beak is short, yellowish, the legs are completely bare.
Gudan
Gudan was first written about in the French press in the middle of the 19th century. After that, the population of these chickens with a meat bias was taken to England and the USA. In 1874, the Americans set the breed standards.
Rooster weight - 3 kg, chicken - 0.5 kg less. The annual clutch is a maximum of 160 pieces, but each time the productivity decreases.
The bird has soft, not thick feathers, a lush hemispherical crest on the crown and a small red butterfly-shaped comb. The peculiarity of the representatives of the breed is the presence of tanks and a voluminous beard in females.
Gudan chickens are friendly and unpretentious birds.
Bress Galskaya
These chickens are known for their egg and meat production. They are valued for the quality of meat, which contains many nutrients. Females gain about 3.5 kg, males - up to 5 kg.
The bress gals are unpretentious, hardy and can fly, so the walking area will have to be fenced off with a high fence. Otherwise, the chickens will jump over it and run away. Read more in the article "Description of the Bress-Gallic breed of chickens".
Barbezier
The homeland of barbezier chickens is France. Live weight of females - 3.7 kg, males - up to 4.5 kg. Egg production - 190 eggs. At the same time, the producers of this species note a weak hatching instinct in females.
These birds have a round and voluminous body, the color of the feathers is only black. A full description of the breed is given in the article "Barbezier Chickens: Description of the Breed".
Mini meat chickens of the B-33 and P-11 breed
Features of the structure of the body and productivity.
Despite the opinion of the majority of farmers, who are convinced of the versatility of the P-11 and B-33, they are still more of the meat types, whose representatives tend to have a strong body of compact size. Of the other structural features, I would like to note:
- Shortened legs;
- Neat strong scallop;
- Plumage of increased rigidity and density;
- Three color standards: fawn, red and white.
Character
According to the observations of specialists and the experience of breeders, it has been established that the selection "P-11" is recognized as the calmest, among other things being equal.
These babies can be freely allowed to walk in the field, because you do not expect them to mess and "excavate" the soil. Cuties Mini meat breeds of chickens are very loyal to human hands and rarely, rarely peck them, not expressing an impatient expectation of food serving.
Minikis are less "talkative" chirps, which radically distinguishes them from the eternally clucking laying hens.
Breeding
Taking into account the fact that dwarfism contains a recessive nature, the reproduction of mini meat chickens is possible only when they are crossed with each other.
In order to prevent the possibility of gene mutations, the herd must be constantly updated, relying on the method of unrelated replacement young.
The recommended ratio of rooster to chicken is 1: 8. With a good ratio, after a couple of weeks, eggs can be incubated or sent to an incubator. The brood needs a temperature of about 34-36 °. After 2 weeks, the temperature can vary from 18 ° to 22 °.
Benefits
One of the most prominent advantages of selection is active weight gain. Although Mini meat chickens of the B-33 and P-11 breeds gain weight a little slower than broilers, they are an excellent option in setting up a prompt solution to the problems of growing meat products for commercial purposes.
A carcass of this condition will look more attractive than many analogues of a poultry product, capturing the attention of a potential consumer. Of particular sympathy among consumers is the egg-laying capacity of these cute nuggets, because about 170 eggs, weighing 60 grams, come out per year. This is quite a decent indicator, given the not quite egg profile of the minishek.
A sufficiently strong shell is able to protect an egg that falls from a not very high height from damage. But the meat of the birds is extremely delicacy and light, in gastronomic terms. So our small but versatile heroes are ideal pets of a private courtyard.
The cockerels of this family deserve a separate word, because, despite the "male" genes, the guys are absolutely not cocky - about three roosters are able to get along without conflict in the neighborhood.
Productivity
Mainly grown as beef. The meat is tasty and tender. Due to the intermuscular fat, it is more juicy. Unlike other beef breeds, they have good egg production. Miniature chickens lay large eggs in a strong brownish shell.
Herd performance characteristics:
- hatchability of chickens 80 - 85%;
- survival of young animals up to 99%;
- safety of adults up to 90%.
Egg weight reaches 60 grams. It is important to control the weight of your flock to properly rearing your flock. Benchmarks at different ages:
- at 2 months, males weigh up to 1 kilogram, females up to 850 harms;
- at 3 months, the rooster should weigh up to 1.7 kilograms, chickens up to 1.5 kilograms;
- by 4 months, females gain up to 2 kilograms, roosters about 2.5 kilograms.
Chicks that are far behind in weight gain are recommended to be discarded from the flock.
disadvantages
It would be unfair if we get around the topic of unseemly qualities, which, alas, are present in these cute pets. Fortunately, there are only a few shortcomings, and they do not play a key role either. The weak side of these chickens, and in the world of poultry farming, this is a common tendency, beauties hardly tolerate drafts and cold.
Low temperatures and the "chilly" state of the ecosystem of the poultry house can significantly increase the mortality rate, so saving on the insulation of laying hens' housing is a deliberately bad idea. And a completely delicate and attentive approach is required for caring for the brood - the chickens are kept warm, not lower than + 35 ° C, and as they grow older, weekly, the ambient temperature is corrected by a decrease by a couple of degrees.
What is relevant in any case is sanitation, pollution of places of detention is negative for the health of a home feathered nursery. The short legs of the miniatures create a well-known problem - when walking in damp weather, chickens crawl with their tummies on wet soil, and this often leads to illness from hypothermia.
Therefore, it would be wise to organize their walks in dry, calm weather. At the end of the list of shortcomings, it would be appropriate to say about genetic shortcomings - ornithologists do not recommend experimenting with “new blood” in these crosses.
A negative effect on immune indicators with a decrease in useful breeding markers as a result of such "mixing" has been established. It looks like degeneration and suppression of the main characteristics - the resulting brood is smaller in size, and the egg production is completely ineffective.
