Hello dear friends. Perhaps you are interested in the title of the article, although to be more precise, the duke is not a cherry, but cherry-cherry hybrids that are popular today. They combine the best qualities of both fruit crops, and the interest in hybrids among gardeners is quite understandable.
We will give detailed information on what the Duke cherry is, descriptions of the best varieties of this group and we think that this will allow you to make the right choice, if necessary.
Description of cherries Nurse
Duke's life form Nurse is a tree. Growth strength is medium. The bark of young shoots has a gray tint, which becomes darker with further growth.
Fruiting in sweet cherries is mixed, the main one occurs on bouquet branches
The leaves are large, dark green in color, elongated oval, more like cherry. Duke cherry x cherry Nursery is suitable for growing in central Russia.
Height and dimensions of cherries Nurse
Cherry cherries Nurse grows into a low compact tree up to 4 m in size. At a young age, the crown resembles a pyramid shape due to the fact that the skeletal branches are more tightly pressed to the trunk. With age, the crown acquires a more rounded shape.
Description of fruits
Cherry Nurse is distinguished by large fruits, each weighing 7-8 g. According to the photo and description of the Nurse cherry variety, the abdominal suture of the fruits is medium-sized, weakly expressed. The berries are dark red in color and have a round shape.
Important! Cherry fruits can remain on the branch for a long time, do not crumble.
The pulp is dense, dark-colored, tender, with a delicate cherry aroma. The sweet taste of the fruit is marked as a reference. Tasting score - 4.8 points. When overripe, the color of the berries becomes rich-dark, and the taste is sweeter.
Pollinators for Duke Nurse
Duke Nurse is self-infertile. Nor is it pollinated by other cherries. The culture is planted in a separate group with cherries and cherries, while maintaining a distance of 3-4 m between plants. It is not recommended to include plums and apple trees in a close planting.
Cherry pollinating varieties:
- Lyubskaya;
- Bead;
- Youth;
- Bulatnikovskaya.
Cherry pollinating varieties:
- Iput;
- Jealous;
- Ovstuzhenka.
It is important that the pollinators of Nursery cherry coincide in flowering time, which occurs in the crop in May.
Pollinators for Night
Night is a self-fertile variety. The search for pollinators was once puzzled by specialists of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In 2003-2005. they conducted research to find the best pollinators for promising cherry varieties. In the experiment, in addition to Nochka, participated: Tenderness, Nord Star, Miracle-cherry, Alpha, Turgenevka, Donetsk giant, Joy, Favorite.
It turned out that Nochka's pollination with its own pollen is 0–1%, under favorable weather conditions - a maximum of 1.3%. But she herself is a good pollinator for others and the best for Nord Star cherries. Nochka shows the maximum yield as a result of pollination of sweet cherries Tenderness. In general, Tenderness was recognized as the most reliable pollinator for all tested varieties.
For the medium-ripening variety Nord Star, Nochka turned out to be the best pollinator (12.7%), and for herself - the sweet cherry variety Tenderness (13%) ... So, the sweet cherry cultivar Tenderness turned out to be the best pollinator for almost all studied varieties.
Not every region sells and grows sweet cherries Tenderness, so for Nochka you will have to look for neighbors on your own among the varieties of cherries and cherries that are zoned for your climate, blooming at the same time. There are practically no reviews on the cultivation and pollination of this duke on the Internet. There are only conflicting recommendations: some advise using Turgenevka, Ksenia, Molodezhnaya, Lyubskaya cherries as pollinators, others - Pink pearls, French black cherries, etc.
I would like to suggest. There is a video showing Ivanovna growing up next to Nochka. The same variety is mentioned in a pair with Nochka and in one of the reviews on the forum. That is, at least two gardeners have already experimentally identified another good pollinator - Ivanovna.
Main characteristics of Nursery cherries
Duke Nurse with a compact tree shape has a high yield. It has a well-developed root system and resistance to drought and frost. Cherry does not require complex care, it is immune to the main diseases of stone fruit crops.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
According to the studies carried out in 2005-2006. During the winter, when the air temperature in the experimental area dropped to the critical -40.5C °, the eight-year-old cherry-sweet cherry duke of the Kormilitsa variety survived in a satisfactory condition. Damage to wood was 3.5-4 points. The flower buds died completely.
The winter hardiness of the Duke Nursery is rated higher than that of a sweet cherry, but lower than that of a cherry. Flower buds of a crop can also be damaged in milder winters if there is a sharp, including short-term, temperature drop.
The drought resistance of the Nursery cherry is high. The culture in adulthood tolerates long periods of drought well and does not require special additional watering.
Yield
The ripening period of the cherry-cherry hybrid Nurse is medium, the berries turn red, depending on the growing region, in late June - early July. The first crop is harvested in the third year after planting. An adult tree bears about 13 kg of berries. Productivity largely depends on successful pollination. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, in compotes and preserves. Less suitable for freezing.
Cherry is large-fruited
The variety has average transportability characteristics. Fresh berries ripen well on the tree; they are harvested and stored for a week.
Advantages and disadvantages
Duke Nurse has a higher frost resistance than sweet cherry, therefore it is suitable for growing in cold regions. Berries of excellent taste and large size. One of the advantages of cherries also include resistance to diseases and pests, minimal care.
The disadvantage or feature of the duke is its self-fertility and the need for pollinating trees.
Planting and caring for a duke
One of the advantages of such hybrids is the ease of planting maintenance. It is only necessary to choose the right place for planting trees, which are recommended to be located on the sunny side of the site, protected from the wind. For planting, you should use fertile soil, which is prepared from a mixture of humus, nitrogen fertilizers and the top layer of sod.
Subsequently, planting care is not difficult. It is necessary to carry out annual spring pruning, to water the trees several times per season, and, if necessary, to process them against fungus and other diseases. Provided the appropriate conditions are provided, the gardener will be able to get the first harvest in two to three years.
Note that most of these fruit crops are self-fertile, so they will need nearby pollinators. Various varieties of dukes, cherries or cherries are best suited for pollinators. By planting pollinators at a distance of 5-8 meters from each other, you can ensure cross-pollination, and, therefore, your fruit trees in the garden will produce the highest possible yield.
Amateur gardeners recently became aware of the name sweet cherry, although historical data show that this type of tree was bred for a long time. Cherry is a hybrid of cherry and sweet cherry. She also has a second name - duke.
Cherry - description of the plant and its features
There is a visible difference between the hybrid variety, cherry and sweet cherry. For example, the foliage is much larger than cherry foliage, but just as shiny and dense. The main and important advantage of cherries is:
- relatively large berry size,
- her excellent taste,
- as well as a high degree of resistance of the tree to diseases such as moniliosis and coccomycosis.
The berry weight can range from 10 to 20 grams. It tastes much sweeter than cherry, with a slightly sour aftertaste. They tolerate severe winter cold worse than sweet cherries; the plant is well suited to a medium-temperate climate. In its conditions, observing certain rules of cultivation, it is possible to achieve without problem growth and excellent fertility.
Cherries - planting and care
Planting seedlings of such trees is similar to planting other fruit trees. The best time for planting is early spring, autumn planting often leads to freezing and death of seedlings. With late spring planting, survival is significantly reduced. Harvesting of planting material is carried out in late autumn, cold cellars are used for its storage, or storage in soil is used, placing plants in pits about 40 cm deep at an angle of 45 °, followed by filling them with a not thick layer of soil.
To begin with, fertilize the soil, then form pits, leaving a distance of at least five meters between the holes. Seedlings are added to the holes. Fall asleep with dug earth mixed with sand (proportions 1: 1). If the acidity in the soil is higher than normal, then it is necessary to use lime-based fertilizers.
Do not deepen the lower part of the trunk adjacent to the root system too deep into the ground. This can lead to the death of the seedling. After finishing planting, the tree is cut at a height of about 60 centimeters. When the crown has already formed, a third of the branches on the sides are cut off, leaving an integral shoot in the center.
Gardeners advise choosing a site for planting a duke, which will be:
- warm up enough
- we do not blow with the east and north wind,
- the content of sand in the soil will be sufficient for the normal development of the plant.
What to pay special attention to
A large number of varieties of sweet cherries are not pollinated either by each other or independently, naturally, obtaining a harvest in this case will be impossible. To eliminate this problem, you need to plant a couple of varieties of self-fertile cherries or northern cherries between the cherry seedlings.
You should not constantly fertilize the duke cherry. This can lead to:
- to disruption of normal growth,
- to changes in the correct development of the stem,
- to distorted, poorly ripening fruits.
An improperly formed tree bark can cause severe freezing of the trunk in frosty weather and the complete death of the plant with the onset of spring. Thorough digging of the circle around the trunk and mulching with grass as fertilizer will be sufficient.
When caring for newly planted seedlings, you need to remember that they need to be watered quite often. In winter, the tree will have to be wrapped up - this will reliably protect it from the snow masses.The seedling is covered with dense polyethylene, from the top to the root system.
It is not recommended to dig deep into the soil in the near-trunk circle - the roots are located at a depth of 20 to 70 cm. In the summer, shallow loosening of the soil and its harrowing are performed, this is done after rain or watering. It is imperative to remove all weeds from the trunk circle.
The most common varieties
The first variety bred in the vastness of the former Soviet Union is the Krasa Severa. It happened over 100 years ago. The merit for breeding the first hybrid of the Duke cherry lies on the shoulders of I. Michurin. The first hybrid became famous for its excellent winter-hardy characteristics. The berries of the Beauty of the North are large enough, weighing up to 10 grams, delicate scarlet in color, and yellow-creamy flesh.
After Michurin, for more than a dozen years, work was in full swing on the development of hybrids for areas with a cold climate. One of the best examples of the work done is the Excellent Venyaminova variety. Cherry, varieties of which are particularly resistant to the harsh climate, gives rich yields of large scarlet berries.
For regions with milder and warmer climates, hybrid varieties have also been bred. The most striking representative of such varieties is the Miracle Cherry. Many berries are tied on it, the timing of their ripening is very early. The fruits are large, dark red in color with a slightly sour cherry flavor.
Purchase of seedlings
When buying cherries for cultivation in your own garden, pay special attention to the name of the seedlings sold. If the price tag indicates only "sweet cherry" or "sweet cherry duke" - most likely, such seedlings have nothing to do with the hybrids in question. If there is a marking on the price tag confirming a specific hybrid variety, then there is an option that after a while a cherry tree will grow from the purchased seedling and will delight you with its amazing appearance and delicious fruits.
What are berries useful for?
Scientists have proven that the pulp of duke berries is endowed with properties that help kill a variety of bacteria. Also, the use of fruits contributes to the cessation of diseases such as anemia and gout. Freshly squeezed juice will significantly improve appetite, the body needs it for such a serious disease as arthritis, mental disorders, sore throat (cough), and constipation. Oncologists are confident that the use of cherries stops the growth and increase in the number of cancer cells.
100 grams of freshly harvested duke cherries contain 0.5 grams of fat and 0.8 grams of protein, and the nutritional value of such an amount of berries is only 50 calories.
Nochka is a great cherry / sweet cherry hybrid called duke. He combined the best qualities of his parents: the hardiness of the cherry and the larger, sweeter berries of the cherry. The plant bears remarkable fruit in regions where it is almost impossible to get cherry berries, since its flowers freeze out in spring due to recurrent frosts.
Duke Landing Rules Nurse
For planting, choose one- or two-year seedlings with a closed root system. Simultaneously with planting a cherry-cherry hybrid or VCG Nurse, it is necessary to plant a pollinator with a simultaneous flowering period.
Recommended timing
A favorable time for planting cherries is early spring before the plant awakens, which is one of the first among stone fruits. The period from thawing snow to budding is usually short-lived, so it's important not to miss it. In the southern regions, it is possible to plant a Duke Nursery in the fall after the foliage has fallen. But with spring planting, the culture shows a higher survival rate.
Site selection and soil preparation
The place for planting cherries is chosen sunny, excluding areas with drafts and sharp gusts of cold winds.For successful cultivation, it is important that the groundwater does not lie close and that rainwater does not stagnate on the site. Level places on a hill are suitable for planting. The soil for the garden should be neutral in acidity. Lime is added to unsuitable soil from the previous season. Heavy soils are improved by thinning with sand.
How to plant correctly
The site for planting cherry-cherry seedlings is prepared in advance. The soil is dug up and loosened. A planting hole is dug 70 by 70 cm in size. The removed soil is mixed with organic fertilizers. In the future, a seedling is poured with this mixture, the soil is tamped and shed well.
Important! When planting, the root collar - the place where the roots go to the stem - is left on the surface.
After planting, the shoots are shortened in order to balance the volume of the crown with the size of the roots for their best development.
British born
What is a Duke cherry? This is a crop obtained by crossing certain varieties of sweet cherries and cherries. The very first hybrids were bred in England, by the way, it is from there that its history and name - Duke - originate. After all, it was under this name of the Duke of May that one of the first cherry-cherry hybrids became known to the whole world.
But in Russia these wonderful trees appeared thanks to the efforts of the famous IV Michurin, who received the “Krasa Severa” duke variety. The varieties Consumer goods black, Vasilisa, Large-fruited were once quite well-known, but their time has passed, other, better and more productive hybrids have come to replace them.
Care features
The peculiarity of caring for cherries Nurse includes correct shaping pruning, moderate feeding and shelter of the trunk for the winter. The soil under the tree is periodically loosened, kept clean of weeds. The rest of the culture is unpretentious and suitable for growing even by inexperienced gardeners.
Watering and feeding schedule
Cherries are additionally watered only after planting and at a young age. An adult tree does not need special watering and is even contraindicated. Waterlogging adversely affects the root system, leading to cracking of the bark.
Duke watered over the projection of the crown
Top dressing for the duke must be carried out in small quantities, which is due to the peculiarity of the hybrid crown. Abundant fertilization provokes shoot growth, in which the wood does not have time to ripen and is severely damaged in winter. Fertilizers applied during planting are enough for several years.
Pruning
Cherries are recommended to be formed in the form of a low tree, which favorably affects fruiting and ease of harvesting. Formative pruning for the duke of the Kormilitsa variety is carried out annually up to 5 years of age. At the same time, it is important not to leave a tall bole, which is the most vulnerable near the tree in the cold season. For cherries, sparse-tiered pruning is suitable.
With this procedure, the growth of the branches is directed to the sides. To prevent the tree from growing in height, the upper central branch is cut off at the level of the last tier. The shoots below the skeletal ones are cut off completely.
Important! All sections must be treated with a garden protectant.
During sanitary pruning, branches are removed that intertwine and compete with each other. A feature of cherries is that they do not form lateral growth.
Preparing for winter
In winter, the cherry stem suffers from frost damage. In order to protect the tree, the trunk and skeletal branches are whitewashed or wrapped with burlap, as well as other light-colored material. Young trees are completely covered, for this, the branches are pressed against the trunk, and a bag or other covering material is put on top.
Description of cherry hybrid Nochka
Cherry Nochka is a bright representative of the dukes. Donetsk breeder L.I. Taranenko crossed Nord Star cherries and Valery Chkalov cherries. The result is a tree that has the best properties of mother crops.
Main characteristics
Description of the Nochka hybrid combines the properties of both cherry and sweet cherry. The duke has a branched structure from a cherry and a crown shape from a cherry. The tree reaches three meters in height. Cherry shoots are rather smooth, erect. The bark is dark brown in color.
- Cherry buds of Nochka variety are dense and large. Their description resembles cherry buds.
- Nochka leaves are colored dark green and have a glossy surface. Their size is slightly larger than ordinary cherry leaves.
- Saucer-shaped flowers appear on the tree in the second half of May. Duke Nochka's buds are larger than parental buds.
Fruit
Cherry fruits are collected in a brush. Each of them contains from 6 to 8 berries. The color of the fruit at the stage of biological maturity is maroon.
Duke Nochka berries combine the dessert taste of sweet cherry and pleasant aroma of cherry. The characteristic cherry sourness is absent in the fruits of this hybrid.
The fruits of the Nochka ripen at the end of July. The plant begins to bear fruit in the third year.
Features of the variety
Cherry variety Nochka has some peculiarities:
- winter hardiness: the tree hibernates quite well at temperatures down to -30 ° C;
- resistance to coccomycosis;
- drought resistance.
The disadvantages of the variety include the self-infertility of Nochka. This entails the need to plant additional pollinators within a radius of up to 40 meters.
Some varieties of cherries can play their role:
- Youth;
- Nord Star;
- Meteor;
- Lyubskaya.
Planting a hybrid
Gardeners recommend planting Nochka cherry seedlings in early spring. If you plant a tree in the fall, then a fragile plant can die in winter.
You can buy seedlings in the fall. Until spring, this planting material can be stored in the basement.
Site selection
Before planting Nochka cherries, they choose a site. It must meet several criteria:
- good illumination;
- protection from drafts;
- fertile soil;
- water does not stagnate on the site.
Selection of seedlings
The choice of seedlings should be approached with special care.
- Young trees should have a good and healthy root system.
- The roots are moist, bright brown, without obvious damage. A seedling with dry roots can take a very long time to take root.
- The trunk should be green. If a brown trunk is exposed under the bark, then the seedling is unsuitable for planting.
Soil preparation
Before planting Nochka cherries, the soil in the selected area is fertilized. This procedure is carried out two weeks before the planting date.
Organic fertilizers are applied to the garden. You can use manure, bird droppings, humus. To reduce the acidity of the soil, add dolomite flour and fluff lime. They dig up the land on the site.
Planting seedlings
For each seedling, holes are dug. The size of the holes must be at least 60 cm in diameter.
- The bottom of the pit is sprinkled with a mixture of turf, sand and humus, taken in equal parts. Then a layer of sod is poured. The well is 2/3 full. Water the soil abundantly.
- The seedling is placed in a prepared planting pit. The roots are straightened. The seedling must not be buried.
- The depression is covered with earth, after which it is lightly tamped. A hole is made around the trunk of the cherry and a bucket of water is poured into it. The water is used warm and settled.
- Sapling is pruned. A shoot 60 cm long is left, the cut is treated with garden pitch.
Landing scheme
When planting Nochka cherries, take into account the fact that the tree becomes quite tall in the process of development. The seedling holes are placed at a distance of at least five meters from each other.
Duke care
Cherry Night Care consists of:
- Mulching;
- Watering;
- Loosening;
- Fertilization;
- Forming a tree.
Watering
Hybrid Nochka needs abundant watering during the formation of the root system. In hot and dry summers, at least 15 liters of water are used per seedling for each watering.
Trees that have reached fruiting age do not require abundant watering. Excess moisture leads to cracking of the bark of trees.
Cherry should be watered during flowering. The next watering is carried out during the period of fruit ripening. And 15–20 days before harvesting, watering is stopped.
Mulching
To prevent excess moisture, mulching is carried out. After watering, the trunk circle is covered with mulch. Its role can be played by peat, straw and withered grass.
This method inhibits the growth of weeds, helping to improve the nutrition of the hybrid.
Top dressing
Duke Nochka does not require frequent fertilization. For the first five years, the tree should not be fed.
For the first feeding, use mullein infusion. To prepare it, take ½ bucket of slurry, pour 20 liters of water, add ½ kg of ash. The mixture is infused for a week. Then filter.
In the resulting infusion, add ½ bucket under each tree after watering. Top dressing is carried out twice during the summer season:
- in early spring during the period of bud swelling;
- during the period of abundant flowering.
Preparing for winter
To prepare the tree for winter, 200 g of phosphorus-containing fertilizers and 80 g of potassium salt are scattered in the trunk circle.
The diameter of the plot corresponds to the diameter of the cherry crown. Dig up the soil together with fertilizers.
Tree pruning
Duke Nochka is growing pretty fast. This leads to a thickening of the crown. Gardeners prune cherries twice a year: in the spring (before bud break) and
before the onset of cold weather. Dry, frozen and broken branches are completely cut out. Annual shoots are shortened by one third.
Loosening
During the garden period, loosening of the soil is periodically carried out in the near-trunk circle. This procedure helps to control weeds, undergrowth and some insects.
Diseases
Cherry varieties Nochka have good resistance to fungal diseases. But under unfavorable conditions, the tree can undergo various diseases:
- Clusterosporiosis
- Gum therapy;
- Scab
- Monilial burn.
Clasterosporium disease
If a large number of leaves with red spots and crimson edges appeared on the trees, then the tree fell ill with clasterosporiosis. With the development of the disease, the leaves are sprinkled, the berries do not grow and are deformed.
To combat the disease, a 5% solution of copper sulfate is used. Wood processing is carried out:
- before the leaves appear in spring;
- after all the leaves have fallen in the fall.
Gum therapy
The tree trunk is covered with drops of resin, which quickly hardens in case of gum disease. Bacteria settle in the resin clots, the activity of which leads to the drying out of the tree.
- The fight against the disease is as follows:
- They remove growths by capturing the healthy bark around the foci of the disease;
- Sections are treated with 1% copper sulfate solution;
- Cover with garden var.
Scab
The scab appears as spots of bright yellow color on the sheets of the duke. After that, the spots increase, and the leaf plates crack.
As measures to combat diseases, a solution of Kuprozan is used, prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. This treatment is carried out at least twice. The interval between treatments must be at least 20 days.
Monilial burn
With such a burn, all leaves, ovaries and young shoots dry out for no apparent reason.
Trees are saved by treating cherries with Horus solution at the rate of 2 g of the drug per bucket of water.
Pests
Cherry Nochka is attacked by pests:
- hawthorn;
- cherry fly;
- aphid;
- cherry weevil.
These pests settle on leafy plates, young shoots and juicy berries. They feed on cherry juice. Leaves curl, berries rot and fall off.
To combat insects, trees are treated with special insecticides:
- Nitrafen;
- Karbofos;
- Decis;
- Karate;
- Vir;
- Actellic.
All drugs are used in dosages that are indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.
Conclusion
Cherry hybrid Nochka is popular among gardeners.This culture is quite unpretentious in terms of growth and care. It has good yields. Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, the tree will delight with its fragrant and juicy fruits for a long time.
Agrotechnics of cultivation of Duke Nochka
Duke care is easy. It is the same as for other stone fruit crops. The main tasks of the gardener will be mulching the trunk circle, watering, loosening, fertilizing and formative pruning of the tree.
The nuances of watering, mulching and fertilizing
While the root system of a young cherry tree (duke) is being formed, the plant needs a fairly large amount of moisture. In dry periods, at least 3 waterings are required, in each of which it is recommended to pour 15 liters under the seedling.
A young plant requires abundant watering - at least 15 liters of water for each seedling
Adult dukes do not really need additional watering, they tolerate dry periods well.
Variety Nochka does not like excessive moisture, which leads to stagnation of water. Waterlogging contributes to the formation of cracks on the trunk and branches, as a result of which gum leakage will appear.
Frequent watering during dry times can be avoided by using a very effective method - mulching. After watering, the ground in the near-trunk circle is covered with peat, straw or withered grass. This technique will help to retain moisture for a long time, improve duke nutrition and curb weed growth.
Dukes are good because they do not require frequent feeding.
If the required amount of organic fertilizers was added to the planting pit, then the next top dressing is carried out only 5 years after the planting of the seedling on the site. For this:
Pruning
Cherries are characterized by incredibly fast growth before the onset of fruiting. Because of this feature of the hybrid, it is very important to carry out sanitary pruning in the spring and autumn in a timely manner. The first annual shoots are advised to be shortened by 1/3. It is also necessary to completely cut out broken, dry and frozen branches.
Video: duke - the secret to high yields
Where are dukes grown?
The southern regions and the neighboring regions received magnificent, winter-hardy for these climatic conditions, varieties of dukes: Excellent Venyaminova, Saratov baby, Melitopol joy. The Ukrainians have received the Duke variety for the southern regions with a very practical and easy to remember name "Miracle Cherry", which still occupies a leading place in private gardens and summer cottages.
The work of breeders with insufficiently winter-hardy varieties of parental pairs made it possible to obtain a number of dukes capable of growing and forming high yields in the northern regions. So, the Krasa Severa variety, bred by I. Michurin, grows and bears fruit not only in his native Michurinsk, but also in the Moscow, Leningrad regions, in Nizhny Novgorod. Dukes are successfully grown in the southern regions of the Central Black Earth Region, in some areas of the Novosibirsk Region. Dukes grow and bear fruit in Western Siberia (Ivanovna, Spartanka), in the middle lane and in the northern regions (Nurse, Zhukovskaya, Ivanovna, Dorodnaya and others). In the Khabarovsk Territory, a collection of dukes of the following varieties has been tested and recommended for cultivation: Excellent Velyaminova, Fezanna, Krepkaya, Pamyati Vavilova, Mayak, Nadezhda, Zhukovskaya.
The most winter-hardy varieties (practically not suffering from spring-autumn air temperature drops with short-term frosts) were obtained by breeders from crossing American winter-hardy high-yielding varieties. Trees successfully tolerate frosts at -25 ... -35 ° С.
