When to plant plums in the Urals: a step-by-step guide for beginners, the best varieties with descriptions, photos, reviews, planting and care, growing

Main characteristics

Delicious plum variety Pride of the Urals was bred in Russia in 1954. For its creation, a plum variety Zhemchuzhina was artificially pollinated. 2 years after the breeding, the new variety was included in the State Register and zoned for Siberia, the Caucasus and the Urals.
The plum variety in question is considered resistant to temperatures ranging from -40 ° C to +38 ° C. If frost hits in the spring, when the ovaries begin to form, then nothing bad will happen. The yield will still be high (up to 35 kg from 1 tree).

The description indicates that the plum of the Pride of the Urals variety belongs to self-fertile crops, that is, for better yield indicators, it is necessary to plant other varieties nearby that would have properties similar to it.

This variety ripens in 120 days, that is, the growing season is average. Harvesting takes place at the beginning of August. The plant begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting.

Features of the tree

The description indicates that the maximum tree height is 4 m. It does not need crown pruning and makes it easier to take care of itself. Crohn is characterized by a narrow pyramidal shape, medium thickening. Large cylindrical kidneys are noted, which are covered with a brown film. Shoots are mostly annual. On them, large ovaries and inflorescences are formed annually, consisting of 5 white flowers. Sometimes there are small orange spots on the petals of the flower. The main bark is gray-brown in color, and the bark of the lateral shoots is light brown.

The leaf plate of the tree is large, up to 6 cm in length. There are small denticles along the edges. In extreme heat, they begin to curl, acquiring the shape of a boat. The surface of the sheet is glossy, with a dense layer of wax bloom. The main color of the foliage is dark green.

Fetal characteristics

Based on the description of the fruit, the following parameters are noted:

the average diameter of the fruit is 4 cm, and the weight is up to 13 g;
oval shape;
the peel is dense, covered with a waxy bloom;
the skin is reddish.

The pulp is pale yellow, with large fibers. The fruit contains vitamins of group C, which are useful for humans and increase immunity. The product tastes sweet and sour and is ideal for universal use.

Features of cherry-plum hybrids

Hybrids of plum and sand cherry are compact in size, their bush height does not exceed 2 m, due to which in winter most of the crown is protected from frost by snow.

Flowering in hybrids occurs a week later than in the Ussuri plum, which also contributes to the preservation of the future harvest, although flower buds already have increased winter hardiness. Plums begin to bear fruit from the second year of life; in most varieties, the fruits are dark in color and ripen at the end of summer.

The most winter-hardy are domestic breeding hybrids. As for American varieties, the aerial part of them often freezes out, but it quickly recovers.

Most often, such hybrid varieties are grown in Siberia:

Bee;
Chulym;
Amateur;
Admiral Schlei;
Mainor.

Cultivation of the Ussuri plum - video

Plum is a delicious and very sweet fruit that is grown in many regions of Russia.Since ancient times, it has been valued for its excellent qualities. And how can you not like her?

This fruit has good taste and useful qualities (you can read more about the properties of the plum here). You can make compotes, jams from plums, just eat them fresh. And how tasty is dried plum!

If you suddenly decide to plant it in your summer cottage, then first read the reviews about this or that variety. It will also be important to pay attention to the climate. Many people think that the cultivation of plums in the Urals or Siberia does not always bring results. However, it is not.

Although it is considered a heat-loving plant, there are varieties that tolerate harsh Siberian winters very well. Let's look at which varieties are suitable for this particular area and how to properly grow this crop.

Planting and growing rules

A variety of plum varieties Pride of the Urals needs a quality planting site. It should be located on a hill so that groundwater does not disturb the structure of the root system. This will help protect the roots from excessive moisture that forms during the thaw.

Soils are required light, nutritious - chernozem or loamy soils. If you plant in clay or sandy soils, then they need to be fed with organic matter — 10 kg of humus, 200 g of superphosphate and 2 kg of peat per 1 sq. m. This will increase soil fertility and extend the life of the plant.

In the fall, the process of preparing the seat begins. When digging up the entire area, remove all weeds and stones. They keep the roots from growing. After that, proceed with the preparation of the landing hole.

Its dimensions should be 60 × 80 cm. A small amount of humus is poured inside - up to 3 kg. At the end of February, when the humus is absorbed and settles, it is covered with a layer of soil (the height of the embankment is up to 25 cm).

Choosing a seedling is required carefully, because the quality of the crop depends on it. Healthy annual specimens that have been grafted with cuttings are suitable for planting. They must be free of any disease or damage. The roots must be firm.

In the spring, in mid-March, they start planting:

a seedling is placed inside the hole;
a support is added next to it, to which a tree is tied;
the roots are evenly sprinkled with earth and watered with 20 liters of warm water;
the distance between plants should be 2-4 m.

Getting ready for winter

In order for the plum to grow and develop in Siberia, it must be carefully looked after. Preparing for winter is a process that cannot be ruled out. Since mainly varieties with a high degree of frost resistance are planted, they do not need to be covered, there will be enough snow. Such plums are fed and watered abundantly for the winter. Fruit that are grown in less snowy areas need shelter. To avoid drying out, it is recommended to use special agrofibre or spruce branches.

Diseases and pests

The most common pests are aphids, fleas and moths.

A solution of "Oxyhom" (20 g per 10 liters of water) or "Khomus" (50 g per 4 liters of water) helps to get rid of aphids and fleas.
A manganese solution (30 g per 10 l of water) is used against the moth. Spraying is carried out at intervals of 20 days.

Powdery mildew, root rot, perforated spot and fruit rot are common diseases. A solution of colloidal salt (50 g per 10 liters of water) helps to get rid of powdery mildew. From fruit rot - Bordeaux liquid (70 g per 5 liters of water). Acyclovir solution (30 g per 6 liters of water) will save you from perforated spotting.

Root rot cannot be cured. You will have to remove the entire plant, and treat the place of its growth with a solution of manganese (5 g per 10 l of water). Prevention consists in spraying with copper sulfate (60 g per 5 liters of water). Spraying is carried out at intervals of 30 days.

If you live in a cold region where not all varieties yield consistently the same yield, then the variety in question is ideal for you. Subject to all the rules for care, the tree will serve you for a long time.

The red Ural plum variety was bred by the selector K.K Mullayanov.

The plant is well adapted for growing in the Ural region and has good frost resistance. All varieties of the Ural plums are distinguished by their early maturity and productivity.

Dignity

Red Ural plum is the best pollinator for all other varieties of plums that are grown in the Urals.

In addition, it has a number of other advantages, including:

frost resistance, the plant is able to withstand severe frosts;
yield, from one tree, under favorable conditions, you can remove up to 30 or even more kilograms per season;
the plant is not demanding on pollinators, partially self-pollinated;
the tree has a good immunity to diseases, including clasterosporium disease, which is the enemy of all horticultural crops;
aphids rarely grow on the plant.

All these benefits make the red plum variety popular with gardeners.

Description of the variety of plum red Ural

The red Ural plum belongs to the medium-early ripening varieties. The trees are about three meters high. The plant has a lush spreading crown, medium level of foliage. The tree has a strong, healthy appearance.

The fruits of the red plum are small, weighing only 15 grams. The plum has an oval, isosceles shape, with a weakly pronounced seam. The seam is prone to cracking.

The base and middle of the fruit are rounded, the apex is slightly pointed. Outside, the plum is dark red, but the flesh is yellowish.

It has a fine fiber structure. The skin separates well from the pulp. Red plum has a juicy sweet taste, the level of acidity is low.

The red plum begins to bear fruit in the fourth year after planting a one-year-old seedling. The yield increases rapidly from year to year, starting from 10 kg per tree, gradually reaching 20 kg per tree per season.

The Ural variety of red plum was bred by Chelyabinsk breeders at the beginning of the XXI century. This type of plum was produced from a hybrid cherry plum family.

The plant is able to withstand even severe frosts. It is ideally adapted for life in the harsh Ural climate.

Plum of the Uralskaya red variety is able to withstand severe frosts, ideally adapted for the Ural climate

New varieties

The Buryat Fruit Growing Experimental Station has developed new varieties recommended for cultivation in areas with snowy and frosty winters:

Daughter of Buryatia;
Stranger;
Baikal amber;
Finding Buryatia.

The find of Buryatia is distinguished by large fruits that can be enjoyed fresh or cooked with jam, jam, and preserves.

Trees are characterized by resistance to damping. Plums are medium-sized, give an unstable yield, since the buds are prone to freezing during recurrent frosts in the spring. The fruits are large, the weight of the plum is 30-35 g... Plums are self-fertile; Ussuri varieties are used as pollinators.

Due to unfavorable conditions in the Novosibirsk region, new varieties bred at the South Ural Research Institute are not recommended for planting: Uiskaya, Kuyashskaya, Shershnevskaya... They are prone to kidney warming and freezing.

Self-pollinated

Almost all varieties of plums suitable for growing in Siberia are not self-pollinated.

This means that several varieties should be planted on the site, blooming at the same time.

Planting, reproduction

In order for the plum to grow and bear fruit well, some important rules should be taken into account during planting. This is especially true when choosing a place for planting seedlings.

Red plum is adapted to grow in harsh conditions, but still, for planting it requires choosing southern, well-lit places. The best place would be on a hill.

In lowlands and plains, the tree may freeze slightly. The ideal option would be an area protected from cold northerly winds.

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Why doesn't the plum blossom and bear fruit, and what to do about it?

The soil for this plant must be neutral and fertile. Increased acidity will negatively affect the fertility and productivity of the crop in the future.

The more fertile the soil, the better the plant will take root and will provide a rich harvest in the future.

Plum is very moisture demanding and does not tolerate drought. Therefore, it needs to be watered once every two weeks, depending on weather conditions.

However, do not over-flood the plant. If there is too much moisture, the tree may stop growing.

To plant plums of the Uralskaya red variety, neutral soil is needed, the south side of the site

Plum propagation is carried out in different ways:

cuttings;
vaccination;
in a vegetative way;
undergrowth.

The best time to plant plums is early spring. The seedlings are planted in March or April.

It is important that the soil finally melts and warms up. For planting, it is better to take annual seedlings, they will take root better.

Landing pits are prepared in advance. This is done in the fall, but you can start preparing the planting hole two weeks before planting the plant.

The depth of the planting pit should be about 60 cm, its diameter is approximately the same size. The contents of the pit are mixed with fertilizers; humus and peat are suitable for these purposes.

This mixture is laid out on the bottom of the hole in advance, since the soil should have time to settle a little. You do not need to use fresh manure, it can burn young plant roots.

Before planting, it is very important to have a good look at all the trees. Particular attention is paid to the state of the horse system, it must be well developed. The roots should not be overdried.

Saplings with damaged roots will not take root well, it is highly likely that they will die.

It is important to pay attention to the trunk as well. It shouldn't have any split. The bark of the seedling should also not be damaged.

During planting, the seedling is lowered into the hole so that the root collar rises above the ground at a distance of 5-7 centimeters. Then the tree is covered with earth without fertilizers.

The plum sapling is lowered into the hole so that the root collar rises above the ground at a distance of 5-7 centimeters

A little more soil is poured directly under the plant. Then the ground is lightly tamped, since there should be no air near the roots. This will negatively affect the condition of the roots.

After planting, the tree will need to be watered abundantly. The next watering will need to be done in two weeks. After watering, the soil must be mulched.

Before planting, you can drive a peg into the center of the hole, to which the plant can be fixed, placing it on the north side of the peg.

A young tree does not require additional feeding. All that needs to be done in the first years of a plant's life is pruning. It is produced in the spring, preferably in April or May. This procedure is aimed at forming the crown.

Annual seedlings in the first year of life are shortened to about 70 centimeters. A year later, the conductor is trimmed; it should be 20 cm higher than the side branches.

A year later, another pruning will be required, during which a third of the length of the branches is cut, the guide should still be in the lead.

How to properly trim a plum:

Adult fruiting plants require additional feeding.The first feeding is done in the spring. In May, plum trees are fed with organic fertilizers and mulched with peat.

You will also need to shed the plants by pouring three to six buckets under one tree.

The next top dressing is carried out in the summer, after flowering, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied. You can also feed plums in this way in the fall, so that they gain strength and prepare for wintering.

Plum of the Uralskaya red variety needs pruning, feeding and preparation for winter

When applying fertilizers, the following rules must be observed:

The soil around the tree must be loosened.
The plant will need organic fertilizers once every four years, mineral fertilizers - once every three years.
One square meter requires about 12 kg of organic fertilizers.
Nitrogen fertilizers are needed only in the spring.
Phosphorus and potash fertilizers are usually applied in the fall.

The plum will need to be properly prepared for winter. This will require removing dead bark and moss from the branches.

Examine the trees for wounds and damage, if any, they will have to be treated with copper sulfate and garden pitch.

Adult plums do not require special preparation for winter. It will be enough to mulch the trunk circle with an admixture of peat. Under the covering material, seedlings can rot, it is better not to use it.

How to care

Planting and grooming in the first year is very important. The seedling is not yet strong and requires special attention. To grow a healthy tree, you need to follow a few simple guidelines:

The plum is poured with water only if there is no precipitation for a long time. This should be done no more than twice a month, pour out 20-30 liters. After work, be sure to loosen the surface.
It is advisable to mulch the trunk circle. To do this, use sawdust straw, cut grass, dried weeds. In this case, you do not have to loosen the soil and remove weeds; after each watering, it is advisable to stir up the shelter or add a new layer.
Fertilizers do not need to be applied in the first year, there are enough nutrients in the soil. Feed enough once every 2-3 years, use rotted manure or ready-made mineral complexes for fruit.
Cut off shoots six months after planting. To do this, choose the option of forming the crown in order to remove all unnecessary. Also inspect branches, remove damaged and dry parts.
As a prophylaxis, protection against diseases and pests, spray plums in spring and autumn. Use a solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid, cook strictly according to the instructions, do not violate the proportions. To process not only the tree, but also the ground under it.
In the first year, shelter for the winter. To do this, it is best to first wrap the trunk and branches with burlap in several layers. Then cover it with spruce branches and fix it with twine, it will not only warm, but also scare away rodents.

Advice!

Whitewash the trunk and the lower part of the skeletal branches in autumn and spring. This will destroy pests, their egg-laying, protect from sunburn in the spring.

Often, before winter, autumn fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is carried out, apply strictly according to the description on the package, do not violate the dosage. Immediately after the onset of heat, remove the shelter so that the bark does not begin to rot.

Protection against aphids and diseases

The Ural red plum is not very susceptible to such a dangerous disease for fruit plants as clasterosporium disease.

And yet, it is necessary to carry out prevention against this and some other ailments that are dangerous for cultivated plants.

Such diseases include:

gray rot;
fruit rot;
sooty fungus;
moniliosis;
gum flow;
milky shine.

Plum is susceptible to diseases such as gray and fruit rot, sooty fungus, moniliosis, gum flow and milky shine.

To protect the plant from disease damage, you will need to first take preventive measures:

It is necessary to thin out the foliage, it is very important not to allow it to thicken. In the fall, after all the leaves have fallen off, they must be removed and burned.
Affected leaves and plant parts must be removed.
After 2 - 3 weeks, the plant is treated with Bordeaux liquid for preventive purposes, this treatment can be done before flowering.
All wounds and injuries that appear on the plum tree need to be treated. Dead bark must be removed.

Many pests are dangerous for plums. The most common of which are:

plum and apple moths;
goldtail;
ringed silkworm;
plum aphid;
hawthorn.

Plum aphid is the most dangerous pest. If you do not take preventive measures, you can not only lose the crop, but also the tree itself.

All stone fruit crops are susceptible to aphids. To avoid trouble, you need to take care of preventive measures in advance.

For this:

tree trunks are treated with lime;
do not allow the formation of vegetation under fruit trees;
parsley, dill and coriander repel aphids, they can be planted near plum trees;
spray the plants with Hom or Bordeaux liquid before and after flowering.

Timely preventive measures will help to avoid diseases and harmful insects.

Uralskaya red plum is one of the best varieties bred by Chelyabinsk breeders. It is well adapted to harsh climatic conditions and has many advantages.

Common mistakes gardeners make

Among the common mistakes in growing a stone fruit culture is that:

Self-infertile varieties are left without pollinators.
Plants are not protected from diseases and pests, therefore they do not bear fruit.
Young trees are poorly watered, and they develop for a long time.
Swampy and acidic soils lead to plant death.
The selected variety does not correspond to the growing region, therefore it does not bear fruit and withers.

Before you start growing plums, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules of plant agricultural technology, consult with experienced gardeners about choosing a variety.

Nuances of growing plums in Siberia

Cold and snowy winters are not a problem for many frost-hardy plum species; the temperature fluctuations in spring affect the trees much worse. In trees emerging from suspended animation, swelling buds may freeze. To avoid this problem, for planting, you need to choose a variety with weakly awakening buds with a long dormant period.

Plum trees have a risk of damping out. Due to the thick layer of snow, cold air does not enter the lower part of the trunk, and the crust with cambium in that zone die off. The problem cannot be solved by removing the snow, because then the root system will freeze. The most rational option here is to freeze the soil of the trunk circle.

Advice! Considering all these problems, it can be said that it is best to grow plums in the steppe regions or other areas with little snow (in the picture).

What plum is better to plant in Siberia

There is no definite answer to this question. Under the right conditions, any cold-resistant tree can survive the winter and delight in harvest. The best varieties can be considered the most fertile, cold-resistant and fungal-resistant, which one to choose is up to everyone.

What plums are planted on in Siberia

Plums in Siberia are grafted onto rootstocks, which can be seedlings / offspring of any of the Ussuriysk, Canadian plums. And also seedlings or sand cherries, propagated by green cuttings of the plant.

When the plum blooms in Siberia

Depending on the type of plum, the time when the berry is suitable for consumption varies most often from the end of July to the beginning of September.

Attention! The planted trees will begin to bear fruit after three years on average.However, after each wintering, you need to cut off the dead branches, otherwise there is a risk of infection of the tree and a significant decrease in the number of fruits.

How many years does plum bear fruit in Siberia

Plum begins to bear fruit from 3-4 years after planting, and after the next 20 years it grows old and dries up. Plum, with proper feeding, haircut, quickly reaches its maximum in yield and slows down the pace closer to death.

Useful properties of plums

Why is plum so popular for cultivation? What is special about these fruits? In addition to its taste, plum has a number of useful properties. By deciding to grow this fruit tree on your site, you will provide yourself with an excellent source of valuable vitamins and minerals. This is especially important for residents of the Urals, where there is not such a large selection of berries and fruits grown in gardens. Among the most important components of the plum are:

cellulose;
carbohydrates;
proteins;
organic acids;
pectin;
vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E;
folic acid;
potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus;
manganese, cobalt, iron, zinc, fluorine, etc.

Plum is also considered a dietary product, because 100 g of plums contains only 43 kcal. Growing this tree will be especially useful for those who monitor their health, adhere to proper nutrition. Plum fruits are often used in baby food. Plum fruits have the following effect on the human body:

to use plums is very useful for people who suffer from various diseases of the cardiovascular system. For example, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis .;
plum has a good effect on the body in case of kidney and liver diseases;
plum is often recommended for certain diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
a natural and safe form of treatment for plums can act with constipation;
The plum has long proven its effectiveness as an antipyretic and antipyretic agent. It will be useful to use fresh, dried plums, plum compote for ARVI;
plum is also often eaten by people to remove excess cholesterol from the body;
the diuretic effect of plum fruits is explained by the content of potassium in them, which removes excess water and salt from the body;
plums have a valuable cleansing and hematopoietic effect on the body. These fruits actively contribute to the elimination of toxins and toxins from the body;
plum is often used as a natural remedy for raising appetite;
eating plum fruits has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, helps to fight chronic fatigue, depression, insomnia;
plum has earned its attention as a means of combating diseases of the organs of vision;
plum leaves have also found their application in folk medicine. They have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties. In some recipes, the leaves are advised to grind and apply to wounds. Decoctions and infusions are also prepared from plum leaves. Plum leaves effectively fight stomatitis;
plums have found their application in cosmetology. Known for their rejuvenating, restoring skin elasticity and smoothness effect. On the basis of the pulp of plums, various masks are made at home. You can also find plums as an ingredient in ready-made masks and creams in stores.

Read next: Tomato pink flamingo variety description

Plum varieties for Siberia with photos and descriptions

There are some varieties of plums that are almost indistinguishable and are self-fertile. Among them:

"Altai Jubilee", a small berry with a yellow color, pink blush on the outside and yellow-orange pulp. Ripens in mid-August, is self-fertile. Trees of medium height with rounded crowns.
"Scarlet Zarya", a dark red berry with golden yellow pulp and an average weight of 25 grams. This species is resistant to many diseases, but self-fertile.
"Admiral Schlei", bears fruit in early August. Fruits are small, delicate red, propagated by grafting.

Self-fertile plum varieties for Siberia

Breeders have managed to create a variety of plums that can grow in the harsh climate of Siberia. List of plum varieties for Siberia with photos and names:

"Hungarian", a 6-centimeter purple / purple berry with golden flesh. Self-fertile, with high yields. The trees are spreading (up to 6 meters).
"Yellow Hopty", a yellow, small plum with yellow-green flesh. It blooms on, on average, 3-meter trees in the amount of 10-12 kilograms per tree at the end of August. Partially self-fertile.
"Renclode", a 5-centimeter yellow-green and blueberry berry with amber flesh. It is rarely affected by a fungus, it is self-fertile, tolerates up to -30 degrees. The trees are on average 6 meters high with a rounded crown.
"Red-cheeked", 2.5-centimeter yellow-orange plum with red blotches and light yellow pulp.
"Dawn of Altai", a small red-orange berry ripening in early August.
"Honey", large greenish-yellow berry with yellow pulp. It tolerates up to -30 degrees, self-fertile.
"Manor", Canadian small berries of maroon color with a pleasant taste and the ability to be harvested for the winter.
A "drooping" berry of medium size, dark red, ripening at the end of August.
"Peresvet", a small orange berry with a yellowish orange inner part. The variety ripens in early August and is self-fertile.
"Chemal", a medium-sized berry of light burgundy on the outside and yellow-green on the inside. The berry is self-fertile, frost-resistant.
"Chemal's Gift" (pictured), a small peach-colored berry, yellow on the inside. Ripens in the second half of August, self-fertile.
"Pyramidal", small, dark red berry with pale yellow flesh. It grows on a tree with a pyramidal crown of high fertility.

The best sweet varieties of plums for Siberia

Among the sweetest and most sugar-rich varieties of plums, people most often mention

"Yellow Hoptu"
"Manchurian Beauty" fuchsia color with excellent sweet and sour taste
"Altai Jubilee", pinkish with a pleasant taste.
Oyunu, a pinkish plum from China.
"Baikalsky Yantar", orange-amber sweet plum
"Morning" (pictured), a yellow round plum with medium frost resistance.
An "amusing", lilac and very fruitful plum.
"Valor", a large maroon berry with a pale yellow pulp. The tree gives 30 kilograms of harvest

These types of plums were also highly appreciated by the tasters.

Winter-hardy plum varieties for Siberia

For cold Siberia, you need to choose a plum variety with special attention. Plums need to be prepared for extreme temperatures and fluctuations. The most persistent are:

"Honey", withstands up to -30 degrees;
"Fast-growing", tolerates up to -35 degrees. It's amazing that she came to Siberia from the central zone of Russia
"Bee", "Manor", "Chulyma", "Admiral Shley" and "Lyubitelskiy" are cherry-plum hybrids that can withstand 40-degree frost.
"Uvelskaya", "Pionerka" and "Yellow Hopty" can withstand frost up to 50 degrees

Bush plum varieties for Siberia

Varieties of bush plum are cherry-plum hybrids, which have already been discussed earlier:

"Bee";
Chulyma;
"Amateur";
Admiral Shley;
The Manor.

Early varieties of plums for Siberia

Early varieties bear fruit before the second half of August. The most striking examples are:

Admiral Schlei, early August;
"Dawn of Altai", early August;
"Peresvet", early August

The best varieties of Chinese plum for Siberia

Among the varieties from China, adapted for the Russian winter, several berries can be distinguished: "Chemalskaya", "Chemal's Gift", "Red-cheeked", "Yellow Hopty".

Comment! The taste of all the berries is sour, but with a pleasant aroma (except for the last one, she has it sweet).

Russian plum varieties for Siberia

Plum varieties have been developed that can grow both in Central Russia and Siberia. These are three berries.

The "early" plum is a frost-resistant, self-fertile variety, bearing yellow and red berries. Up to 30 kilograms of harvest can be harvested from a tree. Plums ripen early and are well tolerated.
"Red Ball" is a disease-resistant, self-fertile variety. Fruiting in 3 years after planting, after a while, 18-20 kilograms of plums. The berry is red on the outside, yellow on the inside.
Yakhontova plum is a vigorous and self-pollinated variety that can withstand -30 degrees. The berries are large, appear at the end of August, 30 kilograms of them are collected from the tree. In color, it can be pale orange and pale green.

The best plum varieties for Western Siberia

Important! Western Siberia is a huge lowland. That is why the cold lingers here and ideal varieties for this region are frost-resistant, such as: "Skoroplodnaya", all cherry-plum hybrids, "Uvelskaya", "Yellow Hopty" (on the picture) and "Pionerka".

You also need to remember that the land in Western Siberia is wet, and somewhere even swampy, so you need to carefully moisten the soil under the drain.

Features of the Ussuri plum

The species of the Ussuri plum have increased winter hardiness and easily tolerate frosts down to -44 degrees, but this is possible only with a sufficient level of moisture. In the event of drought, the resistance of trees to freezing is significantly reduced, the taste and quantitative characteristics of the fruits deteriorate, and sometimes the ovary even completely falls off. With a sufficient amount of moisture, they bear fruit abundantly from 3 years of age. Also resistant to damping.

Since most varieties are characterized by early flowering, flower buds can be damaged by severe return frosts (if the air temperature drops below 3 degrees below zero), which should be taken into account when growing plums in regions with late spring.

From the Ussuri plums, the following varieties tolerate Siberian winters well:

Altai anniversary;
Yellow Hopty;
Pyramidal;
Dawn of Altai;
Red-cheeked.

Plum in Siberia: planting and care

When to plant plums in Siberia

There is no clearly established planting time for plums, it varies depending on the onset of cold weather. Plums are usually planted in Siberia as seedlings in late spring or autumn. In both cases, when there is no snow.

Place for planting plums in Siberia

The plum planting site should be well lit, well protected from drafts, and never in a low area. Avoid areas with groundwater too close to the surface (ideally, they should flow at a depth of more than 1.5 meters).

Preferably, the soil should be loose and rich in organic matter, either sandy or sandy loam. It is recommended to fertilize the soil a few weeks before planting. Too acidic in composition, swampy soils are not suitable for plums.

Attention! The distance between seedlings depends on the type of tree: if it is tall and has a voluminous crown, the distance taken should be at least 4 meters (in the illustration), for smaller varieties - at least 1.5 meters. If the plum is self-fertile, then it is imperative to plant a plum of the same type close by.

Plum planting in spring in Siberia

The correct planting of plums in Siberia in the spring means planting a seedling in a hole in which the roots would be calmly distributed and not damaged.

Young cuttings can be grafted onto healthy rootstocks. An established stalk has a high chance of survival in winter.

How to care for plums in Siberia

Freezing of the soil has already been mentioned, which prevents the bark and cambium from damping out. For her, you need to compact the snow in the area of the trunk circle. It will also be useful to place empty barrels around the barrels.

Trees also need regular pruning and constant root growth. In early spring, damaged branches are usually pruned, at the beginning of summer they form a crown (in order for the branches to recover faster, the pruning site is covered with garden pitch, and the tree itself is fed).Old trees are pruned to encourage new shoots to emerge.

Many trees need quality watering due to drought intolerance. This is especially true for cold-resistant drains. Also, several times a year, trees need to be treated with fungicides and insecticides.

Pruning plums in Siberia in spring

In the spring, while the tree is not quite active, you need to prune plum branches that have not survived the winter. You need to start the process at the seedling stage, when the desired crown shape is formed. An uncut tree, or one in which the cut site has not been treated with garden pitch, has a risk of getting diseases and less fruit.

How to prepare a plum for winter in Siberia

Frost-hardy plums do not require much effort and cost to prepare for winter. They are only fed and watered abundantly. Berries grown in less snowy areas need shelter. These are spruce branches or agrofibre.

Plum pests and diseases in Siberia

In order to protect plum trees from pests and diseases, you need to treat it with insecticides and fungicides twice a year, in spring and autumn. But how to understand that the tree is already sick and what needs to be done if this is so?

Gum therapy

Gum flow (above in Fig.) Is the appearance of resin droplets on the tree trunk. If this problem is not corrected, then the tree can pick up the infection.

To eliminate gum removal, it is necessary to clean the place where the resin appears with a knife, and then disinfect it with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. You can also rub the cut area several times with sorrel leaves, and then treat it with garden var.

Dwarfism

In the initial stage, the plum leaves become narrow, small, and uneven. With the progression of the disease, the leaves become thicker and more fragile.

Fighting this viral disease trying to save the tree is almost useless. Therefore, the best option would be to uproot the tree and burn it behind the site.

Plum pockets

This disease (pictured) affects the fruits, making them baggy, and then severely deformed, pitted.

To overcome this defect will help the application of 3% Bordeaux liquid to plants in early spring before or during bud break.

Comment! If the treatment takes place after the end of flowering, then the concentration should be 1%.

Clasterosporium disease

Gray-brown spots appear on the leaves, which soon dry up, creating holes and causing the leaves to fall off faster. Often, the disease spreads to the fruit, from which resin is then released. Without treatment, the entire tree may die.

Here again, 1-3% Bordeaux liquid will help, applied to the plant for the first and second time, before the buds and buds bloom, the third, after flowering, the fourth, two weeks later, the fifth, three weeks before collecting the plums.

Fruit rot

The symptoms of the first stage of this disease are obvious - branches and shoots look like burnt. In the second stage, rotting spots and cushions with mushroom spores appear on the fruits (in the picture).

The disease can be prevented with 1% Bordeaux liquid and 1% iron / copper sulfate. Plum must be processed before and after flowering. The affected fruits must be destroyed, after which the trees must be treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid.

Smallpox plum

Plum pox are spots on the leaves that look like rings and twisting lines.

Important! This disease has a viral nature, so it is best to destroy the plant by site.

Rust

First, rusty spots appear on the leaves, and then, on them, black pillows with mushroom spores. The affected leaves fall off, and the tree loses its immunity.

Any fungicide or 1% Bordeaux liquid can get rid of mushrooms. Trees should be cultivated in mid-summer, and then every two weeks until three weeks before harvest.

Aphids

Aphids usually settle on the underside of the leaf, so you should always examine them for pests.

An effective way against aphids is considered to be spraying the leaves in spring with decis or inta-vir.

We plant the tree correctly

Growing plums in Siberia is not difficult, but laborious. An amateur will also cope with it if he follows certain rules. Before planting a tree, you need to decide on the site that is most suitable for the culture. It is recommended to choose a well-lit space, protected from wind and drafts. The soil is preferably loose, enriched with organic matter, sandy or sandy loamy type.

The time for planting is chosen based on the duration and the beginning of the cold season in the region. Early spring or autumn is ideal. The distance between the seedlings depends on the characteristics of the tree planted by the variety: for tall ones with a spreading volumetric crown at least 4 m, for smaller plums - from 1.5 to 2.5 m.If the plum does not belong to the self-fertile varieties, it is necessary to plant next pollination of the variety.

The hole should be so wide and deep that the root system of the seedling is not damaged, and the roots can be freely distributed. It is necessary to make a complex top dressing, consisting of manure and potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. Depending on the type of soil, sand, lime, wood ash are added variably. Fertilizers are covered with earth and sprinkled with soil. Sometimes the planting is replaced by a vaccination.

Young cuttings are grafted onto strong healthy stocks. If the stalk has successfully taken root, such a tree has a better chance of surviving in a harsh winter.

The best varieties of plum for the Urals with a photo

The breeders of the past have clearly tried their best, because now in the cold Urals there are such varieties of plums as:

“Pride of the Urals” (pictured), a large dark pink berry, yellow from the inside. It does not bear fruit every year, it is self-fertile.
"Pearl of the Urals", medium-sized fiery plum on the outside and pale orange on the inside. This self-fertile berry ripens in early August.
"Snow White" (pictured), a very frost-resistant (up to -40 degrees) plum of medium size, yellow in color. The tree is not tall (2.5 meters), but spreading (4 meters).
"Ural Prune", a cream-colored berry with good frost resistance, blooms in early August at 15 kilograms per tree. The tree is low, up to 2 meters high, but the crown is wide.
"Chebarkulskaya", a medium-sized berry with a dark blue color on the outside, yellow-green on the inside, is recognized as one of the best plums. The height of the tree and the spreading are the same - 3.5 meters.
"Uralskaya Zolotistaya", a high-yielding variety, as a result, small sweet and sour berries are obtained, which received high marks from tasters.
Uralskaya Zheltaya, a small plum with yellow flesh and skin. It ripens in early August (10-15 kilograms per tree), the tasters' marks are high.
"Cherry plum Early", a variety with yellow, and then red fruits, excellent frost resistance and productivity (20-25 kilograms per tree). The pulp is yellow and sweet. Grows on a bush 2.5 meters high.
"Uiskaya", very large dark red fruits from a 2.5-meter tree have a good and pleasant taste and ripen at the end of August. However, the plum is not resistant to aphids.
"Kuyashskaya", these red large fruits from a 3-meter tree have an excellent sweet and sour taste. Ripens in early August.
Vesta, a medium purple plum with golden flesh, ripening at the end of August. Winter hardiness is excellent.

Yellow plum varieties for the Urals

There are not so many yellow varieties of plums in the Urals and you can count them on your fingers:

"Hungarian" (most often, Moscow);
Admiral Shley;
"Scarlet Dawn" (pictured).

Self-fertile plum for the Urals

Most plums in the Urals are considered self-fertile. Among them:

"Pearl of the Urals";
"Snow White";
Chebarkulskaya;
"Uiskaya" and others.

Sorts of plum-cherry hybrids for the southern Urals

Plum-cherry hybrids in the Urals are almost the same as in Siberia:

"Manor";
Chulyma;
Admiral Shley;
"Amateur";
"Shley";
Opata, dark pink or orange medium plums.
"Gem", medium-sized and liquid plum red.

Columnar plum varieties for the Urals

Tip, columnar plum bushes can be easily distinguished from trees by their thin branches, their upward direction, smooth bark. They have high frost resistance (up to 30 degrees), they can be planted close, they are low, early ripening. In the Urals, the plum is planted in the spring. These include:

"Muravushka", produces a harvest of dark purple berries in August one year after planting.
"Ruby" (on the picture), berries are very large, red in color. Harvested in early September.
"Russkaya", large dark red plums, ripen at the end of August
"Honey", the fruits are golden and large. Self-infertile.
"Commander", fruits are large, red-violet and self-fertile.
Imperial, the most popular among farmers. The fruits are large and dark red.
Blue Sweet, a very large dark purple berry that ripens in August.
"Olenka", bright red medium berries, self-fertile.
"Mirabella", yellow and large plums, resemble apricots in appearance.
"Angers", large maroon fruits, the bush tolerates low temperatures well, it is self-fertile.
“Yellow”, golden-colored fruit ripening at the end of June.

Plum varieties for the southern Urals

For the southern Urals, sun-loving plants are suitable, it is not necessary to use winter-hardy varieties of plums, they are more suitable for the northern regions. This list includes:

"Opata" (pictured);
"Pearl of the Urals";
"Pride of the Urals";
"Hungarian";
"Uyskaya";
Chebarkulskaya.

Low-growing self-fertile plums

Low-growing plums take up less space on the site than simple, tall ones. Another advantage is that it is easy to harvest. But there are not many such plums, especially if the tree must also be self-fertile.

"Rapid" plum is native to China. It grows up to 2.5 meters, the crown is round, not dense. The leaves are light green, small, glossy. Very early flowering. The fruits weigh 30 g on average. The rind is dense, tasteless, orange to red in color. The pulp is yellow, with a high content of juice, not very dense, but when preserved in pieces it does not fall apart. The taste is a bit like a melon, sweet with a slight sourness.
"Red ball" - a variety obtained in China. This tree is very compact, small in size, growing up to a maximum of 2.5 meters, but more often less. The crown consists of spreading branches that need regular pruning. Leaves appear after flowering. The first flowers appear on the tree in early spring. They are snow-white, small in size. Fruits are on average 35-40 g. The peel is red, dense, but thin, with a bluish bloom. The pulp is juicy and light. The drupe does not lag well behind the pulp, so it is not very suitable for processing.

"Oryol Dream" variety created on the basis of Annushka plum. The tree grows up to 2.5 meters in height. The crown is not very dense, spreading, needs shaping. Flowering is observed from May, and fruiting from the first days of August. Plums 40 g on average. The peel is red with bloom. The pulp is juicy, sweet, yellow in color. The main advantages include winter hardiness and productivity.

Early-growing plum varieties are in great demand among gardeners. It is profitable to plant them in small areas, for personal needs, and not for sale. They do not yield very much yield, but enough for home preservation. The main thing is only to choose the right variety so that the tree brings maximum benefit and does not require heavy maintenance.

How to plant a plum in the spring in the Urals

When to plant a plum in the Urals

In the Urals, plums are usually not planted in spring. There are almost no spring types of berries here. Plum planting in the Urals occurs in the spring, before the onset of cold weather and snow.

Site selection and soil preparation

The factors by which you need to choose a landing site completely coincide with those that operate in Siberia.In the Urals, varieties appear, for which, in order to prepare the soil for planting a tree, in the spring it is necessary to dig up a place, removing all weeds.

How to properly plant a plum in the Urals

Usually, in the Urals, plums are planted not in spring, but in autumn, two people at a time. Then you need to follow the following points:

Depending on the size of the root system, you need to dig a hole. In this case, the upper (fertile) soil must be folded in one direction, and the lower one in the other.
You need to drive a meter stake into the center of the pit.
Now you need to prepare an earthen mixture by mixing:
Superphosphate, 200 grams.
Wood ash, 350 grams.
Previously deposited topsoil.
The prepared mixture is poured in a mound around the stake. Moreover, the root collar is 6-8 centimeters above the ground, and the stake should not exceed the height of the trunk (the distance from the ground to the branches).
A seedling is placed in the "hill" to the north of the stake, from which the branches are straightened.
After planting, the ground around the seedling is compacted and watered with 1-2 buckets of water

We take into account climatic conditions

Planting and caring for plums in Siberia, of course, differ from similar agrotechnical processes in other regions, and are completely focused on unfavorable climatic conditions. Growing any fruit tree, including plums, is especially difficult in snowy areas.

In the Altai Territory and Omsk Region, where winters are moderately snowy and summers quite warm, conditions are more favorable than in Tomsk and Kemerovo regions and Novosibirsk with cold snowy winters and mild summers.

To date, many frost-resistant varieties of this crop have been bred, which are suitable for Siberia. They perfectly tolerate low temperatures, but such problems are possible:

wind-drying of unripe annual shoots;
sharp jumps in temperature - cold snap after thaws. The tree comes out of its dormant period and the buds begin to swell. Therefore, their partial or complete freezing is possible. This means that you need to choose varieties with a long dormant period and weakly awakened buds;
the tissues and organs of the plum suffer from damping-off: the dying off of the bark and cambium of the lower part of the trunk and skeletal branches due to the absence of frost and a thick layer of snow. It is impossible to prevent damping by snow removal, the roots may freeze. The only way out is to freeze the soil in the trunk circle;
freezing of the upper part of the tree.

Considering all of the above, steppe regions and separate microzones with a small amount of snow are better suited for growing plums.

Questions and answers

compacting snow in the near-trunk zone;
stones are laid when planting in a pit;
they put large barrels near the trees, the height of which exceeds the snow cover.

The harsh climate of the north of the Russian Federation requires special care when choosing varieties of fruit trees. Below are photos with the name and description of plum varieties most suitable for cultivation in Siberia.