How to grow a pear from seeds: features of growing at home

Popular varieties of pears

For gardeners, the choice of pear varieties depends on the purpose for which the fruit tree is grown and in which region. For fresh consumption, pears are needed at an early ripening period. Summer varieties ripen in July-August, among them it is preferable to plant:

Lemon;
Early ripening;
Rognedu;
Duchess;
Lada.

These types of culture have tasty fruits, sweet and juicy, but they are stored for no more than 1-2 weeks. Among the autumn varieties that ripen from August to October, the best are Otradnenskaya, Bere Moskovskaya, Memory of Yakovlev. In the pulp of the fruit, sweetness is combined with a slight sourness. But pears are kept fresh for up to 1.5 months. They are suitable for preparing blanks for the winter.

Winter varieties are paid attention to by those who are trying to preserve the harvest until next spring, eating a vitamin product all winter. 1-2 trees of late ripening of varieties Conference, Saratovka, Kure are enough to provide themselves with fresh fruits for the whole winter.

Is it possible to grow a pear from a seed

The procedure for cultivating pears from seed is possible, but there is a high risk of obtaining a tree whose varietal qualities are not similar to those of the mother. This is especially true for hybrid varieties obtained by crossing different species.

Why pears are grown from seeds

The wild game is capable of bearing fruit, and if the fruit differs from the original, it is possible to cultivate pears on the rootstock. This procedure allows you to grow a strong, frost-resistant seedling that will bear fruit successfully.

In addition to harvesting, pear seed cultivation is carried out by gardeners for decorative purposes. Trees are used to decorate the interior, as they grow small. They are kept at home in pots.

Reproduction of pear

The methods of propagation of fruit crops are both vegetative, seed or grafting. Their use depends on what they want to get as a result: a new plant with a set of positive qualities or keep the varietal characteristics of the old one.

Seed

The rootstock pear grows best from seed when frost-resistant varieties are chosen for propagation. Seeds taken from early plant species can be placed directly in open ground. Winter can appear only through sowing seedlings. The seeds will be finally ready for planting in late autumn - early winter. They are soaked in warm water for 3 days, then mixed with wet sand, placed in a plastic bag. The material is stored at a temperature not lower than +5 degrees. As soon as the seedlings appear, the storage temperature is lowered to 0 degrees. They try to keep the sprouts in this form until spring.

The material is planted in the ground so that the sprouts reach a stem thickness of 1 centimeter. Then they are used for vaccination.

Pear grafting

You can graft a pear to an apple tree, a quince, a hawthorn. The operation requires certain skills. But a beginner gardener can also master the usual vaccination. In this case, it is necessary that the scion and rootstock were of the same thickness of the cuttings. They should have at least 3-4 buds. Having made the same cuts on the scion and rootstock, connect them so that their cadmium coincides. It remains to tie the junction with a washcloth, and coat it on top with garden varnish. A regular adhesive plaster is suitable for fixing.

The butt is grafted when the thickness of the stock is 1.5-2.5 centimeters. The rootstock cut with bark and part of the wood should have a cut width equal to the thickness of the scion. Connect both cuttings and tie. If the cuttings take root, then 2-3 shoots appear on them. The upper one is preserved, and the lower one is pinched, leaving 2-3 leaves. They also use such methods of inoculation as in the butt, behind the bark, and the kidney.

Cuttings

Procurement of breeding material begins in winter. Having broken off a young two-year-old branch without damaging the bark, they leave until April. Do not forget to tie a stick at the place of the breakage and wrap it with adhesive plaster. In the spring, all devices are removed, and the cutting is cut off. Having put the branches in the water, they are waiting for the appearance of a bump at the end of the cutting. In this case, the roots should be 6 centimeters long. The rooted material is planted in the ground.

Layers

A box with wet soil is placed under the lower process on a tree. At the junction with the ground near the branch, cuts are made and sprinkled with compost. Constantly make sure that the cut has enough moisture. For the winter, they are covered with spruce branches. For the rooting of the cut to occur, you need to wait 2 years. Then they just transplant the shoot to a permanent place.

PEAR - FROM ANCIENT TIMES

Pear is one of the most ancient fruit trees. It was grown in Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece. She was a favorite delicacy of the French and Spanish kings. Honey, sweet pears were grown in the noble gardens of Italy, Germany and Austria-Hungary.

She came to Russia under Ivan the Terrible, who fell in love with the overseas fruit so much that he gave him a whole chapter in his Decree, published under the name "Domostroy". In it, the tsar outlined his instructions about "how should live" all classes of the Russian people and how they should "run the economy."

The king spoke in detail in this treatise about planting a pear and how to grow it correctly. And then he described several varieties.

Features of growing pear

The growth, fruiting and longevity of fruit plants depend on the choice of a site in the garden for pears. The basis of pear longevity is laid at a young age of the tree, when the skeleton of the underground and aboveground parts of the plant is being formed.

The importance of lighting

Fruit crops bear fruit better in sunlit areas. Light is needed so that there is more sugar in the fruits. Trees in the shade often suffer from scab and other infections. But not all varieties tolerate extreme heat, so the northern, northeastern, northwestern and western slopes will be the best slopes.

So that the flowers are not damaged by frost, it is necessary to choose a site in the basin. It should be level or slightly sloped.

Soil requirements

The soil for the plant is suitable for black earth, slightly podzolized. But on sandy, heavy clay soils, the culture develops worse. Unsuitable for pears will be marshy, stony and saline soils. Before planting trees, check the depth of groundwater. They should be at a depth of 2 meters to the surface of the earth.

Preparing for planting and breeding

Now let's look at the procedure for preparing the seeds for planting:

Choosing a container for planting - use a ceramic or clay pot 10-12 cm in diameter. It will need to be filled with a layer of drainage, covered with sand on top, and then with a layer of nutritious humus. The optimum burial depth for seeds is 4-5 cm. For planting pear seeds, you can also use biodegradable peat pots installed in plastic trays.
Soil selection - pour drainage into the prepared pot, add clean sand on top, and then make a layer of nutritious humus. Garden soil or purchased seedling soil can be used as soil.
Fertilizer selection - when you make a small hole in the ground, add 1 kg of superphosphate into it. Then add 30 g of humus and 1.5 kg of lime, gently spread the roots, sprinkle them with earth, tamp them well and spill with water.

How to plant a tree correctly

To grow a pear, you need to pay special attention to planting the culture in the garden. The planting time, the quality of the planting material, the condition of the soil on the site will also be important.

Landing dates

Both spring and autumn are suitable for the procedure. In April, as soon as the snow melts, you can plant pears in the holes prepared in the fall. It is important that sap flow does not begin at this time, the buds are not preparing to bloom. Autumn planting will be successful until October 10 in areas with an early onset of winter. If the seedlings are purchased later, then they are buried in a groove half a meter deep. Roots are especially well covered. Protect seedlings from frost and damage by rodents, covering them with brushwood or non-woven material on top. They are planted in the spring.

You can plant a pear in the summer, but with a closed root system, when the soil is preserved on the roots. The pear is in a container and spills well. They choose such days for planting in July, when it is cloudy and not hot.

Selection and preparation of a seedling

Seedlings are suitable for growing, which should have moist, without damage to the roots, an elastic trunk without flaws. Annual shoots can have 1-2 lateral shoots up to 12 centimeters long. Choose biennial seedlings with branches up to 30 centimeters and roots of the same length. Before planting, slightly dried roots are dipped in water. You can nourish the roots in a solution of honey, infusion of mullein... Need pruning of rotten and damaged roots.

If you need to transplant a plant from a container, then be sure to moisturize the soil well. The shoot is pulled out of the pot carefully, trying not to damage the clod of earth on the roots.

Choosing a landing site

In addition to good lighting and evenness of the area for pears, it is necessary to allocate enough space for the tree. The accumulation of groundwater and shading of the plant will lead to the fact that it will not develop and bear fruit well.

The culture loves nutritious soil, loose, permeable, with neutral acidity.

Planting pit preparation

Dig holes for seedlings in advance, 2-3 weeks in advance, in the fall with a spring planting. The upper fertile layer is folded to one side, and the lower to the other. It is then scattered into the aisles without using it when planting. The bottom is loosened, and then the place for driving the planting stake is determined. The optimal pit dimensions will be 50-70 centimeters deep and 75-100 wide.

Immediately before planting the pear in the open ground, mix 2-3 buckets of humus, 200-300 grams of mineral fertilizers with a nutrient layer and fill the pit by 3 quarters. On acidic soils, add 200 grams of slaked lime. Then a bucket of humus is poured to prepare a mound for planting a plant.

Distance between seedlings

It is necessary to break up the area for pears taking into account what gap to leave between the trees. It is better to plant in rows with a distance of 4 to 5 meters, the seedlings are also separated from each other. After all, the young garden will grow, and the trees will need plenty of light, nutrition and moisture.

Landing scheme

According to the step-by-step instructions, planting begins by placing the seedling in the hole, determining the position of the root collar. It is necessary to plant the plant so that the neck is 1-2 centimeters above the surface of the loose soil. In dense soil - at surface level. After that, they begin to fill the hole with earth, straightening the roots of the trees along the mound at the bottom. When planting, the seedling is constantly shaken so that the clods of earth are distributed between the roots.

Then, around the tree, the soil is pressed down with the movements of the sole from the edge of the hole to the trunk of the tree. It is necessary to make a roller around the seedling to mark the boundaries of the hole.Moisten the soil with water from a watering can, evenly distributing moisture. One hole takes up to 3-5 buckets of water. It is necessary to plant fruit crops on a cloudy day or in the evening.

Transplanting seedlings of pears grown from seeds into the ground

It is recommended to plant young pears in May-June. These planting dates allow the seedlings to form a strong root system before the onset of winter frosts.

The soil for the plant should be well-drained, illuminated by sunlight for at least 6 hours a day. It is necessary to make sure that the water does not stagnate in the selected place, after precipitation there should be no puddles.

The second way to check the soil is the removal of moisture: dig a hole 30 cm deep and wide, and then fill it with water. Moisture levels should be measured hourly throughout the day. If it decreases by 3-8 cm, then the soil absorbs liquid well.

Plants must be placed at a distance of 6-8 m. To ensure cross-pollination in one area, it is recommended to plant at least 2 trees. When planting on a site, there should be a distance of 4-5 m between dwarf varieties.

from the trunk of the pear, the roots that surround it are cut off so that they twist around it as they grow (you can try to straighten the roots with your hands);
dig a hole, taking into account the size of the seedling, place a layer of gravel on the bottom as drainage;
transfer the pear to the pit, spread all the roots, sprinkle with earth.

A peg is required to be tied to the trunk. It will serve as a support for the culture, will ensure the even growth of the tree.

Around a pear grown from seeds, it is recommended to form a near-stem circle, then water the plant thoroughly. During the year, the root system of the seedling is poorly developed, so it is difficult for the seedling to extract the required amount of moisture from the ground. To ensure sufficient water supply, watering is required as the soil dries out.

Before the onset of winter frosts, the seedling is covered using materials at hand. A layer of mulch is placed around the trunk, and later covered with snow. The trunk is wrapped in a cloth.

For the next year, the seedling needs additional feeding, for example, ammonium nitrate, for normal growth. To determine the dosage, 60 g of the substance is multiplied by the number of years of plant life.

If the branches of the pear break off, and the leaf plates dry out, then they should be pruned in the spring. All diseased and confused shoots must be removed. For fruiting, it is necessary to provide a distance between branches equal to 30 cm.

Care after landing

To create a strong and powerful skeleton of a tree, it is necessary to properly care for the fruit crop. This includes not only the usual activities - watering, feeding, but also the formation of the crown of the tree, protection from pests and diseases. The rules of pear agrotechnics are simple, but they must be adhered to regularly.

Watering

Pears need hydration, especially during dry periods. Starting from planting, watered no more than 2-3 times per season. During the fruiting period, the need for moisture increases. In order not to water the pears often, a layer of mulch is placed in the trunk circle.

Fertilization

In addition to basic fertilizers, proper care includes feeding with mullein diluted with water in a 1: 5 ratio, or bird droppings - 1:12.It is useful to first dilute organic fertilizers with water at a concentration of 1: 3, keep in a barrel for 3-5 days, and then bring to the desired proportion and water the fruit trees.

The first time they apply top dressing in May, when the buds bloom, and then after flowering. Under the tree, grooves are made into which mineral fertilizers are applied. They can be replaced with wood ash, 50 grams per bucket of water. For 2-3 running meters of the furrow, 1 bucket of nutrient solution will be needed.

Pruning

To obtain rich harvests, a sanitary, forming pruning of the crown of the tree is carried out annually. In the spring, pruning is carried out, located on the trunk 40 centimeters from the ground. 1 peephole is left at the border, and 2 above with a distance of 25 centimeters between them. The branches of the first order are cut regularly by 20-30 centimeters. The trimming rate must be reduced every year. When the growth is at the level of 25-30 centimeters, then the branches are not shortened.

Crown shaping guidelines should be based on the age of the tree. In 4-5-year-old crops beginning to bear fruit, annual shoots are not shortened. Otherwise, you can lose fruit. All that remains is the work of thinning the crown. To do this, remove those branches that go inside the crown, cross, hang down. By removing part of the wood from two-year-old shoots, they cause a stronger growth in the tree.

Protecting pears from pests and diseases

In caring for fruit crops, protection from diseases and pests is one of the main places. Although pear varieties have been bred that are not afraid of infections, it is necessary to be able to carry out preventive measures in order to protect plants from the effects of pathogenic microorganisms.

Young tree care

The first month after planting in the ground, special attention is paid to watering and loosening the soil. Watering is carried out with settled water, since the seedling may react adversely to cold hose irrigation. If it is not possible to prepare water for irrigation, the best option is sprinkling. When watering in this way, the root system of the plant is protected from sudden changes in temperature.

Fertilizer begins to be applied in the second year after planting. If the annual growth is from 20 to 40 cm, this is a sign of an insufficient content of organic and mineral substances in the soil. About 10 kg of humus is introduced per square meter of soil at a frequency of 1 time in three years. Urea and superphosphate are introduced in the amount of 20 g per 1 sq. M. annually.

The first pruning of the pear follows immediately after planting. This is done in order to properly form the crown. In the future, pruning is carried out when removing branches exposed to diseases.

Another feature in the matter of planting is mandatory insulation for the winter. It is extremely important to protect the root system from the winter cold by covering the seedling at the base with thick covering material, or making sure that there is always a lot of snow at the base of the trunk. The very same trunk of a young tree for the winter is covered with plastic wrap, covered with straw or wrapped in a thick layer of paper.

Preventive actions

To prevent the development of diseases in a pear, you must:

To carry out fertilization, watering, tree pruning on time.
Weed and loosen the trunk circle regularly.
After harvesting, remove fallen fruits, leaves, cut branches, burning them.
Whiten tree trunks to protect against sunburn during winter and spring.
Spray with a 3% solution of copper sulfate before bud break and after leaf fall.

The likelihood of diseases of the fruit crop and damage by pests decreases when the plant is properly cared for.

Types of pear diseases and protection measures

Pear trees need protection from:

scab;
moniliosis;
septoria;
cytosporosis.

These fungal infections affect the stems, fruits, leaves of the plant. It is necessary to deal with them with fungicidal preparations.In this case, the affected parts of the tree are cut off and burned. More terrible than pathogenic fungi is bacterial cancer, which can completely destroy a pear plantation. Cutting out areas of the tree damaged by cancer, treat them with fungicides and fill them with garden varnish.

The use of biological products to protect pears from pests

To combat pests of fruit crops - aphids, spider mites, moth moths, you can use biological products. The trees are sprayed with tobacco infusion throughout May. For 5 liters of water take 1 kilogram of waste makhorka or tobacco dust. They insist for 24 hours, then put on fire and boil for an hour. The settled solution after straining must be diluted. A bucket of water needs 0.5 liters. Add another 100 grams of laundry soap and process the pears.

In good, calm weather, treatment with Fitosporin M, Novosil and green soap is effective.

Experienced gardening tips

Growing pears from seeds often ends in failure if beginners take on this business. Even a small violation of agricultural technology is enough for the venture to fail. Problems with germination and germination are especially common.

What experts advise for novice gardeners:

Seeds should be taken only from fully ripe fruits. In unripe pears, the seeds are underdeveloped, unformed, not suitable for growing seedlings.
The best fruits for obtaining seed are those that are located on the periphery of the crown. There are better conditions for fertilization of the ovaries and the fruits are better illuminated.
The best time to plant seeds is spring. At the end of the stratification, which lasts three whole months. Therefore, seeds are bought and prepared no later than the end of February, and sown in May-June.

Growing any fruit tree from seeds takes a lot of time and effort, and the result is unpredictable. This method of growing is impractical to use to obtain fruit-bearing trees. Propagation by seeds makes sense only when obtaining rootstocks or decorative trees of small height.

Harvesting and storage

Pears are harvested when they reach technical maturity. It depends on the ripening period of the fruit. Often, pear trees do not begin to give yields immediately after planting. You need to know for what year the variety bears fruit in order to wait for the harvest. Winter varieties of culture are laid for storage. The fruits are sorted, removing rotten and damaged ones. They can be used for blanks. The rest of the fruits are laid out in boxes, which are placed in basements and cellars, where the air temperature will be within + 1 ... -2 degrees. Fruit bearing of pears will decrease every year.

Therefore, it is necessary to choose for planting those crops that are known from how many years they will give rich harvests and what is the duration of their life.

The choice of planting material

Nurseries in Moscow and the Moscow Region offer for sale many modern zoned varieties. Among them there are early maturing, late maturing and even winter ones. By crown size, seedlings are divided into classic, dwarf and bush. Among the most suitable, proven varieties, the following can be distinguished:

Lada is perhaps the earliest variety with a pyramidal crown of medium height, sweet sugary fruits with medium hard pulp. A frost-resistant variety with resistance to fungal diseases. Fruiting already from 3 years after planting.
Chizhovskaya is a late summer pear, with a spreading crown and sweet fruits, predominantly pink in color. Extremely frost-resistant.
Cathedral is a frequent resident of dachas near Moscow. A mid-season variety characterized by medium-sized, yellow-pink, oily fruits.
Moskvichka is an autumn variety, the fruits of which are characterized by a golden yellow color. Ideal for long-term transportation, it can be stored in natural conditions for up to a month.
“Pervomaisky” is a winter variety, which is harvested in October. The fruits are characterized by a green color, a solid body, which, after a month after harvest, begins to change color to yellow. Subject to the storage rules, this variety is able to maintain its qualities until March - April of the next year.

Having decided on a suitable pear variety, you should pay attention to the quality of the seedlings. The two-year-old should have a straight, uniform color trunk, the shoots should not be affected by the fungus, which is manifested by dryness, spots, lethargy and white bloom. There should be several strong buds on the branches.