Fish is a frequent source of human infection with worms. In Russia, it is herring that is the source of human infection with fish parasites. Many types of helminths live in herring, but not all of them are dangerous to humans. However, there are worms that can bring a person to death.
Let's look at what diseases are caused by worms in herring. We will find out if it is possible to eat salted or smoked herring. What measures should be taken to protect yourself from infection with dangerous parasites when eating herring.
Are worms in herring dangerous for humans
Fish worms pose the greatest danger to humans if they consume fresh, not thermally processed fish. This is fraught with the use of sushi, home-salted lightly salted fish. However, both salted and smoked fish can be infected with parasites - the smoking temperature does not kill them, but only contributes to preservation and reproduction. The danger of worms in herring for humans lies in the infection of the body with parasites.
Roundworms in herring
Round helminths - anisakids, are found more often than others and are the most dangerous pathogens of the disease. It is a thin spiral roundworm. Such worms in herring can be found on the insides of fish, more often on caviar or milk, as can be seen in the photo. They look like a small swirling spiral and can be easily removed. In salted herring, roundworms are found dead if the processing procedures have been carried out correctly. The parasite does not pose a great threat and the fish can be eaten if it does not have a suspicious smell, internal decomposition, or too soft meat.
In addition to fish, anisacidosis affects most marine life, including molluscs and crustaceans. The larvae die only when heated and frozen, so if you eat raw seafood, or those that have undergone insufficient processing (salting in a weak solution), the likelihood of infection with active worms is very high. They parasitize the intestines and cause various inflammatory processes. Surgery may be required to get rid of adults.
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Ringworms in herring
With the technology of hot smoking or freezing, the twisted parasites die and no longer pose a danger. Ringed worms in herring are not so common - a person can become infected only if he ate raw meat. If a live worm or larva gets inside the body, it is fraught with serious diseases that can go on latently for a long time: the helminth grows up to one meter, releases toxic substances, and contributes to the disruption of the internal processes of the intestines and the digestive tract.
Tapeworms in herring
The presence of cestodes, tapeworms or tapeworms in the herring is the reason for the development of helminthiasis. They provoke diseases such as diphyllobothriasis, ligulosis. The most common and dangerous subspecies is the broad tapeworm: it is found in marine and freshwater fish species and grows up to 10 meters, affects the intestines and adjacent organs.Solitaire in herring can be rare, only in certain geographical points. The defeat of a person occurs when eating raw meat. With proper heat treatment, the larvae die and do not pose a threat.
Symptoms and diagnosis of anisacidosis in humans
Symptoms are nonspecific and can be disguised as a number of various diseases. The incubation period is from one week to two.
Symptoms depend on the location of the anisacids. If the stomach is affected, it will be vomiting, stomach pain and all other manifestations of gastritis or ulcers. If the intestines are affected, there will be a picture of intestinal symptoms.
Sometimes not local symptoms appear, but general allergic reactions - urticaria, Quincke's edema, asthma attack. These reactions can appear immediately several hours after the parasite enters the body. Also, often the symptoms are characteristic of appendicitis, so doctors begin to cut the appendix when the anisakid parasite is the culprit of the pain.
Diagnostic methods:
- Taking anamnesis... The doctor should find out what kind of seafood and fish the patient ate, when and in what form.
- Collecting information about symptoms... The patient should describe a complete picture of how he is feeling. It is important here to tell absolutely all the symptoms, all the sensations, even those that may seem insignificant. Also, the patient should talk about the already existing diseases of the digestive organs.
- Collection of vomit, feces and urine to test for the presence of anisakids.
- Fibrogastroduodenoscopy (fgds), which allows you to detect the parasite if it is located in the esophagus, duodenum or in the stomach.
- Venous blood examination to check the leukocyte formula, since the blood cells immediately respond to parasitic invasion.
How to determine if a herring has parasites
Unfortunately, a large number of fish are sold with parasites, the variety is not important: Norwegian, Atlantic or Astrakhan - all can be infected. If you find such a nuisance, you should return the fish to the seller and get the money spent. How to correctly determine the presence of parasites in a herring at the time of purchase? Examine the fish carefully. The main signs that there are worms in the herring can be:
- External manifestations: If the fish is abundantly infected, it may have tumors, small or large growths, black spots on the abdomen or all over the body. Vivid examples can be seen in the photo.
- Eyes: healthy fish have dense and protruding eyes, pupils are clear, white. In the patient, they are cloudy, dry, with an admixture of a yellow or brown tint.
- Gills: The color of the gills can be used to determine the health of the fish. Dark, black, foul-smelling gills indicate the presence of worms in the fish.
- When pressed on the carcass, a depression may form.
- A swollen belly is a sign of bad herring.
- The presence on the insides (eggs, milk, intestines) of adults: small transparent spirals, white tadpoles, thin long worms.
- Excessive softness is a bad sign. The meat should be dense, elastic, if the pulp is crumbling, it smells unpleasant - this indicates a spoiled product.
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Opisthorchiasis
This parasitic disease is caused by the fluke of the fluke class. A person becomes infected with worms when eating poorly thermally processed, raw, slightly salted or slightly dried herring. The carrier of opisthorchiasis, be it a person or a cat, is a source of infection. Symptoms of an allergic disease appear 2–4 weeks after the invasion.
Symptoms of opisthorchiasis:
- itchy skin rashes;
- temperature increase;
- asthmatic bronchitis;
- arthralgia and myalgia.
Symptoms of damage to internal organs appear as the larvae mature into adults. The favorite place of the feline fluke is the liver and bile ducts.
Opisthorchiasis - a disease from the group of trematodoses, caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Opisthorchis
Clinical manifestations of this stage:
- pain in the right hypochondrium after eating due to blockage of the bile ducts;
- girdle pain in the abdomen radiating to the left half of the chest is a sign of pancreatitis;
- nausea and vomiting;
- lack of appetite;
- yellowing of the sclera and skin;
- alternating constipation with diarrhea.
Over time, the absorption of fat-soluble and other vitamins is impaired. The progression of the disease is complicated by liver failure and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.
Is it possible to eat herring with worms
If the fish has undergone sufficient processing, and you are sure of its quality and freshness, then it can be safely consumed after the bodies of the parasites have been removed. Freshly caught fish must be thoroughly cleaned and frozen. If it is salted, then in a strong solution (not less than 20: 1) and for at least 2 weeks. You need to fry and cook fish for at least 30 minutes. There is a herring with worms that have died - harmless to health, but undesirable. Therefore, inspect the carcasses carefully, clean all the insides, follow the necessary storage rules.
Complications
People infested with anisakids may experience the following consequences:
- Mechanical damage to the walls of the duodenum. It occurs as a result of intensive migration of helminth larvae. It proceeds acutely, with severe bleeding, pain and penetration of intestinal contents into the peritoneal cavity. Usually a similar situation ends with peritonitis and death for the patient.
- Severe allergic reactions. The disease increases a person's susceptibility to foods that cause individual sensitivity of the immune system. Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock are quite likely. These conditions are no less dangerous, since in the absence of appropriate medical care, they can cause death in a person.
- Hyperthermic syndrome. Fever, chills and fever up to 41 ° C are sometimes complications of anisacidosis. In this case, a similar situation ends with problems with the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Cerebral edema is often recorded.
- Intestinal obstruction. Chronic violation of the integrity of the walls of the lower part of the digestive tract leads to the formation of granulomas, which over time completely block the lumen of the organ. Pathology requires urgent surgical intervention.
At what temperature do parasites die in fish
There are two reliable methods of destruction, after which the helminths in the herring will not pose a danger. This is freezing and hot cooking. At a temperature of 30 degrees and below, it takes three days for the meat to become harmless. Most refrigerators are designed for higher rates - this is 18 degrees below zero. Under such conditions, you need at least a week so as not to worry about your health.
As for hot technologies, parasites in fish die at temperatures above 60 degrees. When the meat is heated to the desired level, the ringed worms in the herring die in a matter of seconds: the easiest way to achieve this is by hot smoking or grilling on the grill, baking in the oven. At the same time, you need to fry the fish for at least 20 minutes - only after this time will it be 100% safe.
Tapeworm
This worm is a class of invertebrates belonging to the flatworm tribe that lead a parasitic lifestyle.This is a very widespread and large group of parasites - about 5000 species of tapeworms have been described, parasitizing in the organisms of all vertebrates, but most of them are present in fish.
The chain is known as a very unpleasant "companion" of the human body, which can cause various serious diseases, in some cases even fatal (for example, cerebral cysticercosis).
The main preventive measures against tapeworm infection are based on the correct preparation of fish and seafood.
What to do if infected with worms
In case of infection with worms, it is not recommended to try to remove them using folk methods: often this only harms the body, but does not help fight parasites. If you notice signs of acute poisoning, diarrhea and allergies, you should immediately consult a doctor. Prolonged helminthiasis is extremely dangerous for the patient's health, it can bring a lot of complications for the rest of his life. Disease prevention is also important - you need to monitor the quality of food, cleanliness in the kitchen and personal hygiene.
How to treat: medicines and folk methods
Treatment methods for anisacidosis are selected based on the localization of the parasite, the severity of symptoms, the degree of damage to the body, and allergic reactions. In therapy, both medicines with an antiparasitic effect and surgical intervention in a serious condition of the patient can be used. The use of alternative methods of treatment as an additional effect on the body can greatly help the patient.
Surgical intervention
Surgical intervention is performed only when anisakidosis causes acute symptoms and complications. Sharp pains, fever, and nausea may indicate serious complications. An endoscope serves as a tool for extracting anisakida. Extraction occurs from the intestines, stomach, or esophagus.
Even after conservative removal of the worm, it is required to monitor the state of the body for 1 year using endoscopy.
Drug therapy
If the condition does not require prompt measures, then anisacidosis can be cured with the help of antiparasitic medications. Usually appoint:
- Albendazole;
- Vermox;
- Thiabendazole;
- Dekaris;
- Mebendazole;
- Wormin.
It is important to follow your doctor's recommendations when taking these remedies. The course of therapy is short-term, but the effect is usually positive.
If the parasite in the body provokes allergic reactions, then the patient needs to take antihistamines:
- with anaphylactic shock - be sure to call an ambulance;
- with Quincke's edema - an ambulance;
- for asthma - salbutamol to relieve an attack and ketatifen of prolonged cumulative action;
- for skin reactions - antihistamines such as suprastin or other new generation agents.
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Traditional medicine
If a living anizakid has already entered the human body and has firmly settled there, it is ineffective to treat it only with folk remedies. Traditional methods are effective as adjunctive therapy. Also, for prevention, folk remedies can prevent the development of anisakida.
List of remedies for the treatment of anisacidosis at home:
- Hot red pepper... It can be added to food, preferably fresh. Those who have been diagnosed with gastritis, colitis and ulcers should not eat.
- Ginger root. It is a natural remedy for parasites and many pathogenic bacteria. It can be consumed both dried and fresh. Contraindicated in ulcerative diseases of the digestive system.
- Black pepper shredded.
- Mustard seeds. Contraindicated in children, people with gastrointestinal diseases in the acute phase, with strokes, bleeding, and allergy sufferers.
- Bitter infusion wormwood.
- Infusion tansy.
- Peel infusion walnut.
All of the above funds must be taken in moderation. Despite their natural origin, excessive use of traditional medicine can lead to complications of existing diseases and to allergic reactions. Herbal infusions are always used according to the instructions.
About anisakidosis on video:
Nematodes
These parasites are widespread and numerous - there are almost 20 thousand species of nematodes that parasitize vertebrates. Many members of this class also parasitize invertebrates and plants (for example, farmers know beet or wheat nematodes) or lead a "free lifestyle".
Can nematodes infect humans? Yes - relatively common parasites of this group are represented by pinworms and roundworms, parasitizing in the human small intestine.
Another dangerous parasite is Trichinella, which attacks the host's muscle tissue and causes a disease called Trichinosis. This is a serious disease that can affect the body if raw or improperly cooked meat from contaminated fish (sometimes even pork) is consumed.
It has two phases - intestinal and muscular. During the intestinal phase, abdominal or joint pain and fever occur, and the muscle phase is characterized by severe, cutting pain in the muscles. The disease at this stage ends in death in a quarter of all cases.
Gastric disorders
It is diagnosed very often and is expressed by the ingress of larvae into the gastric walls. The most common symptoms are:
- Soreness in the abdomen.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting with blood impurities.
- Allergic skin reaction: itching, burning of the rash.
- Significant increase in temperature.
Manifestations that relate to the functionality of the stomach are observed for several more days. Allergy is longer... From the stomach, the larvae can enter the esophagus and pharynx, leading to sore and sore breasts.
Therapeutic measures
It is possible to combat the disease, taking into account its severity, using pharmaceutical tactics or through surgery. First of all, patients are assigned medicines with a broad spectrum of anthelmintic action... If the intensity of damage by the larvae is not very high, then it can be regarded as moderate. In most cases, this tactic ends well. Additionally, a person is prescribed antihistamines or glucocorticosteroids.
With global damage to the intestine or gastrointestinal tract, a surgical operation is performed, which is called resection. It is the excision of the impassable parts of the intestine, which allows you to restore normal peristalsis. For this purpose, both classical and more modern operational techniques can be used.
