Types and varieties of perennial and annual marigolds. Planting and leaving. Plant photos

Marigolds - planting and care

Painted with a warm palette of colors, resistant marigolds are extremely popular as bedding annuals. Lush flowers are unpretentious, easily grown by sowing in open ground or through seedlings. The compact root system allows bright mini-flower beds to be placed in flowerpots, hanging planters and balcony boxes. But in order to achieve the maximum decorativeness of these wonderful summer plants, it is worth considering some of the subtleties of their cultivation.

Plant traditions and histories

The first admirers of these flowers - the Aztecs - sowed them all the gardens just for beauty. Soon they began to use golden flowers in the treatment and prevention of fever., wasting and kidney disease. They did not forget about marigolds during ritual ceremonies.

The Indians were convinced that students' flowers would grow where gold could be found. And now Latin Americans respect perennial marigolds and decorate their homes with them on All Dead's Day and always plant graves with these plants. With the spread of Tagetes around the world, their popularity does not decrease at all: in many countries, marigolds symbolize longevity.

Marigolds after flowering

As a rule, summer residents remove marigolds after the end of the season. They just pull them out of the ground. But you should not immediately throw out the entire plant. Surely, you will want marigolds to adorn your site next year. Growing from seeds is also possible from our own raw materials. The seeds must be harvested, dried and stored until next season. Faded buds also do not need to be thrown away. They can be used for the following purposes:

For production purposes, marigolds are harvested during the period of the most massive flowering (in mid-July). Flowers are cut and transported to a dry place to obtain the main crop - essential oil. It is found in plants in free form and is isolated without problems by means of solvent extraction. The raw material can be used as a spice. In this case, it should be dried in a shady place to minimize the loss and maintain the quality of the essential oil that occurs when dried under the sun. Testes are harvested for later resale.

Botanical description and what they look like

The stems of this flower are straight with a branch, they can grow from 20 cm to 120 cm, depending on the variety. The root system is core. Castings are most often divided, with teeth. They are both light and dark green, located opposite each other, and sometimes alternately ("ladder").

Inflorescences in the form of a basket, there are double and simple, you can find plants of all shades of yellow, orange and brown.

The heads of representatives of this variety are of medium size, which are formed by one row of leaves that have grown together with each other. They bloom for a long time - from June to the first frost.

On a note. The fruits of marigolds are in the form of a black or black-brown seed. They can be stored for 3-4 years.

The most popular varieties for growing in the country

There are a huge number of varieties of marigolds, but three types are most popular in the central region.

Rejected

A low, neat plant whose height does not exceed 60 centimeters... Spreading bush, lateral shoots are deflected from the main mass.

The flowers are small, usually no more than 8 centimeters in diameter. Depending on the variety, the flowers can be double or with a pronounced center in the form of a disk. The color can be yellow, orange, gold or two-color.

The most popular varieties are:

1. Carmen - this variety boasts double flowers with corrugated petals. The middle of the flower is yellow-orange, the outer part is red-brown. On average, the height of such a plant does not exceed 30 centimeters;
2. Gold Ball - a shrub with an average height of 60 centimeters, strewn with bright flowers with a yellow center and red edging;
3. Lemon marigolds - these double flowers with bright yellow monochromatic petals look great in single compositions;
4. Bolero - small bushes, no more than 20 centimeters high. The flowers are very lush and bright, the petals are wavy, painted in yellow and red colors, which periodically replace each other.

Thin-leaved

This variety is different unusual, openwork foliage... The shrub rarely grows above 40 centimeters.

The flowers are small, up to 2 centimeters in diameter. The petals can be colored gold, yellow, orange or red.

Most often, the following hybrids can be found in garden plots:

1. Ursula - the height of the shrub is 40-50 centimeters, the petals are golden-colored;
2. Paprika - the name shows that this variety blooms with bright red or dark orange flowers. The height of the plant itself usually reaches 25-30 centimeters;
3. Lulu - The flowers are very similar in shape to baskets of yellow-golden color. The height of the shrub is 25 centimeters.

Erect or African

The height of such a shrub can reach 1 meter... The flowers are large, double, usually their diameter is 15 centimeters. Most of the varieties have a solid cream, yellow or golden color.

The following varieties are very popular among florists:

1. Vanilla - 70 centimeter large-flowered shrub is literally covered with large (up to 12 centimeters in diameter) double flowers of a delicate cream color;
2. Kilimanjaro - on average, such a plant grows up to 70 centimeters. Large, double white flowers have an unusual spherical shape;
3. Antigua - this variety blooms with bright baskets of golden, orange and lemon shades. The height of the plant is 30 centimeters.

Marigolds are very bright and beautiful flowers, which even beginner flower growers can grow.

Marigolds, another name - Chernobryvtsy, are known throughout our once immense country. Flowers are grown everywhere: in parks, in city flower beds, in personal plots. But only when flowers need to be planted, not every grower can choose the right time. There are two options for planting seeds. The first is in the spring, the second is in the fall. Spring is the traditional time when everything is planted. Or almost everything. Autumn is an ambiguous period. And is it possible to plant marigolds before winter, you need to figure it out. But first about the flowers themselves.

What are marigolds

What, not in terms of beauty, but in types.There are three main types. It seems like a little, but given the number of varieties in each of them, growers have plenty to choose from. Only varieties are more beauty, but species are already an opportunity to satisfy the wishes and requirements of any person.

The most "delicate" kind of flowers. Large numbers of small velvet inflorescences on one bush turn any piece of land into a chic golden yellow-red carpet. The bushes are the shortest in height - they grow up to a maximum of 40 centimeters. The diameter of the flowers is 2-3 centimeters. 70 varieties of different colors allow you to choose the one that is most suitable for a particular landscape design. The varieties Lulu, Paprika, Golden Jam, and Gnome have proven themselves well for decorating various kinds of “glades”.

These are medium-sized plants, growing no more than 60 centimeters. They have sprawling bushes, on which inflorescences with a diameter of 5-6 centimeters flaunt. They bloom brightly and for a long time. The varieties "Bonanza Orange", "Carmen", "Flame", "Bonanza Bolero" are popular among flower growers.

If you don't know which marigolds to plant, these will be just right. The height of the trunk is up to 1 meter, the diameter of the inflorescences is up to 15 centimeters. What other flowers do you need to choose to organize a real live fireworks display on your site? Marigolds of this height with bright inflorescences in lemon-yellow and golden-orange tones can outshine even roses. The varieties "Antigua" and "Kilimanjaro" are outstanding representatives of this category.

Pros and cons of planting marigolds before winter

For most flower growers, planting seeds in the spring seems to be a matter of habit and, as they find it convenient. It's warm outside, no matter how you plant, there will be seedlings in any case. But when marigolds are planted for the winter, in addition to convenience, there is also a practical benefit.

1. During the winter, plants are hardened, which means they grow better and get sick less.

2. At the beginning of its development in spring, hardened marigolds have a deeper and healthier root system.

3. After winter, it is not necessary to calculate the correct planting day, the seeds germinate when they need it.

Minus podzimnogo sowing in a higher consumption of planting material. But if the seeds are their own, collected from their own flower beds, such a "nuisance" can be neglected.

And yet - to plant or not to plant

A question that contains two unknowns at once. The first unknown is whether it is possible to land. Second - if possible, then marigolds before winter when to plant and how. As for the possibility of planting flowers for the winter, you can answer in different ways - yes and no. This, so to speak, culture loves warmth. Therefore, in regions with not very cold winters, marigolds are successfully planted. In cold climates, plantings are more likely to die than to successfully overwinter. But even in relatively harsh conditions, flower growers conduct experiments on winter planting, and in some cases even successfully.

How to plant marigolds before winter

Chernobryvtsy, they are marigolds, before winter when planting will be considered a little further, and first about the rules of planting. If all the rules determining the successful sowing of seeds are observed, young green sprouts will definitely appear in the spring. What you need for a successful landing.

Firstly. You need to choose a place. It is common for marigolds, maybe even too much, to absorb water, which, if it is in excess, leads to rotting of the root system and the death of the entire plant. Therefore, so that the water, melt or rain, does not stagnate, it would be nice to organize a flower bed not on a perfectly flat area, but slightly with a slope.

Secondly. Moisture will never be above the norm when the soil for planting is loose. If the land on the selected site is dense, it must be brought to the desired state.Alternatively, it can be a mixture of turf, humus, peat and sand prepared in a flower bed in equal proportions.

Thirdly. Since marigolds can be planted in different species before winter, the planting scheme for each of them should be different. Small seeds are sown according to the 20 × 20 pattern, medium 30x 30, large 40 × 40 centimeters. Embedding depth: first 1, second 2, third 3-4 centimeters.

Fourth. About the timing. Whoever plants marigolds before winter for the first time should know that the seeds are sown in well-frozen ground. And not just when it's cold, but during a period when the return of heat is unlikely. The above zero temperature will return, moisture will appear in the ground, the seeds will rot and disappear.

Fifth. To plant seeds in frost, the "beds" must be prepared in September. You just need to "cut" the grooves and prepare the soil in a warm room for filling the planting material.

After the layout, the seeds are sprinkled with warm soil from the room and insulated with a layer of leaves (a layer of 7-10 centimeters). By the way, when planting flowers before winter, you need to take 2 times more seeds. If the plantings turn out to be too dense, you can always plant them in the spring.

Of course, even after all that has been said, the question of whether it is possible to plant marigolds before winter will arise more than once. And not because the explanations were not complete enough, but because, by their nature, these flowers are very thermophilic, which means they are capricious in relation to the cold. But a true florist is not looking for easy ways, he is looking for an opportunity to grow any flowers in the most unfavorable conditions.

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Have you already finished your summer cottage season by “mothballing” your house for the winter and saying goodbye to your plants until spring? There is a reason to visit the dacha again, because you did not sow flowers before winter! This process will bring a little trouble, and in the spring you will thank yourself for your prudence. After all, annual and perennial flowers sown before winter are practically free seedlings of flowers, which, moreover, will bloom two weeks earlier. What flowers can be sown before winter, we will tell in this publication.

Types and varieties

In nature, you can count up to 55 types of black-brewers.

Varieties of perennial and annual marigolds are classified by height: from low (up to 45 cm) to giant (up to 120 cm).

Erect

The second name is African, despite the fact that their homeland is America. This variety is distinguished by sinewy, tall trunks and inflorescences, the diameter of which reaches 15 cm. The colors are presented in shades of yellow and orange.
Examples of varieties:

• Antigua.
• Gelber Stein.
• Gold Dollar.
• Goldlicht.
• Sonnenschein.
• Tsigroneprinz.

Rejected

Less often they are called French. This variety is much lower - the maximum height does not exceed 40 cm. The diameter of the buds is also smaller - only 4-7 cm, but this does not lose their splendor. The color can be yellow, and orange, and brown, and sometimes these flowers surprise us with their two-color.

These include the following varieties:

1. Gold Bol.
2. Queen Sophia.
3. Lemon Jam.
4. Orangeflemma.
5. Ferbal.

Thin-leaved

Here you will be impressed by the delicate leaves that grow on low (up to 30 cm) stems. The inflorescences are tiny - 1-2 cm, but red is also added to the familiar palette of colors.

Representatives of this species:

• Golden Ring.
• Dwarf.

You will learn all the details about the erect, rejected and thin-leaved types of marigolds in a separate article.

Landing Tagetes

Reference. Planting marigolds will not cause trouble even for a novice grower, because this is one of the most unpretentious plants, which in 99% of cases grow beautifully and delight everyone with their appearance.

A student flower will germinate easily if the seeds are sown in open ground, but this can be done not earlier than May, when the soil is sufficiently warmed up. And here if you want to admire the flowering earlier, it will not be superfluous to start with seedlings.

Site selection and soil preparation

Marigolds grow well in open areas, requiring enough sunlight for abundant flowering. At the same time, some hybrid varieties of the upright type, for example, white-floweredfeel better being covered with thin shade during the hottest periods.

On the contrary, thin-leaved varieties, with delicate leaves and refined shoots, do not develop well in the shade, quickly losing their attractiveness, so they are planted exclusively in open areas.

Any soil is suitable for these plants, but with high permeability - marigolds do not like stagnant water. Excessive nitrogen availability leads to the growth of shoots and leaves to the detriment of flowering, therefore the site should not be fertilized with fresh manure or nitrogenous mineral fertilizers.

Sowing of summer plants or planting seedlings is carried out in the spring, while the site is prepared in advance - in the fall. The soil is dug onto the bayonet of a shovel, carefully choosing the roots of weeds, humus or compost is added at the rate of 4–5 kg per 1 square meter. m, adding sand to improve permeability.

In areas where stagnant melt water is possible in early spring, grooves are dug for drainage in the fall.

Photo

Check out the photo of perennial and annual marigolds below.

Varieties

No matter how simple and uniform this plant may seem, there are 60 varieties of it. Most of them are hybrid, grown by crossing and during experiments. The most popular types are erect, thin-leaved and rejected marigolds. Description of the variety, growing conditions, care, application of fertilizers for all of them usually do not differ much.

But there are varieties that are not similar to others. For example, a variety of flowers grown in Latin America helps with constipation, it is also an excellent emetic and diuretic. The seasoning known worldwide as Imeretian saffron is also made from this plant.

There are cloves, terry, semi-double and other varieties of marigolds. They are usually yellow or orange in color, but there are also plant varieties with white and burgundy buds. Any perennial marigolds, planting and caring for which are not too expensive, are a very colorful decoration of a summer cottage, a city flower bed or a balcony in a high-rise building.

Breeding seedlings

You only have to spend money on buying seeds in the store once, because in subsequent years you can use the seeds collected from your own dried flowers. The main thing is to keep the seeds dry throughout the year.

But with this method of obtaining seeds, it must be borne in mind that marigolds are mainly hybrids, and therefore every fourth generation of seeds will have the specific characteristics of only one of their parents. Concerning most experienced gardeners use sprouted seeds. You can get them too. This requires:

1. Arrange seeds on a plate, cover with a dampened cloth.
2. send the plate into a plastic bag and place it in the body place.

In literally three days, you will receive the seeds that hatch.

The time of planting seeds for seedlings depends only on your desire. The sooner you want to see flowering, the earlier you plant the seeds, this can be done even at the beginning of spring. There are some seeding nuances that should not be missed. For example:

1. The composition of the soil, which should include humus, peat, turf and sand. All this must be disinfected with a disinfecting solution of a fungicide or potassium permanganate.
2. Do not forget about a 3 cm high drainage layer and organic fertilizer (but not manure!).
3. Make notches and spread the seeds at a distance of 1.5-2 cm, then sprinkle with a small amount of soil.
4. Be extremely careful while watering so as not to accidentally wash the seeds with a sharp stream of water. And make sure that the soil does not dry out.
5. It is necessary to place boxes with seedlings in a place where the temperature reaches 22-25 degrees above zero.
6. You should see the seedlings no later than seven days, then move the containers to a lighted place, and the temperature can be slightly reduced to 15-18 degrees Celsius.

You will learn about growing marigolds from seeds here, and read how to grow seedlings yourself here.

Seed collection

Collecting marigold seeds

To preserve the decorative effect of marigolds as long as possible, it is advisable to break off the faded inflorescences, which will stimulate the formation of buds and allow you to maintain a neat appearance of the bushes. For seed propagation, it is enough to leave a few mother plants.

All marigold varieties reproduce well by seeds grown at home, but it should be borne in mind that when several varieties are grown next to them, they can become dusty and the original desired variety cannot always be obtained.

At the same time, there is no point in collecting seeds of hybrids - plants grown from them will not retain their parental characteristics.

The seeds of most varieties begin to ripen in August. To collect, they wait until the tuft of the remaining inflorescence dries up, then the boxes are torn off and laid out on paper to dry. For harvesting, they choose sunny, dry weather, otherwise the seeds may already be infected with a fungal infection at this stage.

The dried seeds are freed from the remains of the capsule, placed in paper bags, signed and stored in a cool dry place until planting.

Transfer to open ground

Marigolds can be planted outside only after the danger of frost has passed. Usually this is the end of May - beginning of June. But this procedure can be carried out only when there are at least three leaves on the sprouts, and the root system is sufficiently formed.

The soil for golden flowers always needs well-moistened during the formation of the plant, and if it is not fertile, your task will be to feed the earth with fertilizers during the period of growth and flowering of marigolds. Lack of watering can lead to the fact that the leaves and stems are weak, and the inflorescences are small.

Seat selection

Chernobryvtsy love the sun. It is necessary to take this fact into account when choosing a landing site. These flowers are perfect for borders.

On a note! In the garden, it is advisable to plant them near cabbage, potatoes and various berries - flowers will help you in the fight against pests.

Mature plants no longer need abundant watering. It is better not to plant marigolds very densely, these flowers love freedom. We wrote in more detail about how to plant marigolds in open ground in this article.

Biennial and perennial flowers that can be sown before winter

Aquilegia

Aquilegia is a charming plant with delicate foliage. It is widely used for decorating flower beds, borders of ridges, mixborders. It is very popular because of its unpretentiousness.

Seeds of aquilegia must necessarily undergo stratification in cold conditions, therefore autumn sowing is preferable. Aquilegia does not like transplanting, it is better to sow it immediately to a permanent place. The plant prefers partial shade and loose, humus-rich soils. When sowing, the seeds do not need to be deeply buried in the ground, it is enough to sprinkle them a little. The crop bed must be covered with mulch.

Alpine aster

Growing alpine aster (Aster alpinus) from seeds is not difficult. It can be sown before winter or in spring in May. Autumn sowing is preferable, after stratification under natural conditions, the seeds germinate much better. Aster seeds are small enough, it is better to sow them in boxes or containers, and then dig into the ground. But you can immediately go to a permanent place.

To grow asters, you need to choose sunny places or partial shade. The bed must be in a slightly elevated place. The plant does not grow well in damp or humid places. The crops are sprinkled with a thin layer of humus. It is better to mulch them for the winter.

Badan

The process of growing bergenia (Bergenia) from seeds is not easy. Seeds need cold stratification for germination, and in spring they need to be at a certain temperature. Seeds and seedlings are very small, besides, seedlings develop rather slowly. For this reason, when sowing badan seeds, it is important to adhere to a certain technology:

• seeds before sowing must be treated with a fungicide for the prevention of diseases, for example, "Fitosporin";
• sow seeds in boxes with loose soil to a depth of no more than 0.5 cm;
• The seed box will need to be kept outdoors, under the snow. Thus, seed stratification will take place.

In the spring, at the beginning of March, the boxes need to be brought into a room where the seeds will germinate at a temperature of 18-19 ° C for about a month. Crops should be kept in a bright place, but not in direct sunlight.

As shoots appear, you need to monitor the moisture content of the soil. The soil should not be dry or excessively wet. Seedlings develop very slowly, they can be cut into pots when they reach a height of 10-12 cm. Plants will bloom for 3-4 years.

Gypsophila

Gypsophila (Gypsophila) tolerates transplanting very badly, it must be sown immediately to a permanent place. In one place, gypsophila can grow for a very long time, so it is important to immediately choose the right one for them. Plants grow strongly over the years, so the gypsophila is located quite freely - 2-3 plants per square meter.

For sowing, you need to pick up an open, sunny place, preferably with loose sandy loam soil. If the soil is dense, be sure to add small pebbles and sand to it. The site must be dry enough, without stagnant water - gypsophila can die with strong moisture.

Heuchera

Heuchera reproduces well by seeds, but it must be borne in mind that seeds do not germinate for so long. Heuchera seeds and shoots are very small, so sowing and caring for seedlings can be quite troublesome. It is more convenient to sow Heuchera in boxes with loose, well-drained soil. The soil should not be acidic. The seeds do not need to be buried, it is enough to press them down a little.

Gentian

An interesting plant for rocky hills, rock gardens. Gentians (Gentiana) are not yet very common in flower beds, possibly due to the fact that they are not easy to grow from seeds. To get gentian seedlings, you need to know that it needs long-term stratification in cold conditions. Under the influence of temperature extremes, soil moisture in the seeds, processes occur that promote their germination.

It is better to sow gentian in boxes or pots with loose soil. Sprinkle the seeds with a layer of soil and bury the containers in the ground in a shady place. In the spring you need to make sure that the soil in them does not dry out.

Gentian sown in autumn, as a rule, germinate in May - June. It also happens that the seeds that did not sprout in the spring sprout the next year. Therefore, do not rush to throw the earth out of the boxes. The boxes should be kept in partial shade and the soil should be kept moist. And in winter, leave them on the street again.

Delphinium

Growing a Delphinium from seeds is not easy. When sowing, be sure to consider the following:

• the delphinium needs cold stratification, therefore, it is preferable to sow it before winter;
• only fresh delphinium seeds germinate well. If planting is postponed until spring, then the seeds must be stored in the refrigerator;
• they can only be sown in light, loose soil. In heavy clay soil, they usually do not emerge.

Delphiniums do not tolerate transplanting well, so it is advisable to sow them immediately to a permanent place. For sowing, you need to choose a sunny, wind-protected flower bed.Seeds are not sown deeply, by 2-3 mm, crops for the winter need to be covered with mulch.

Carpathian bell

Usually the Carpathian bell (Campanula carpatica) is sown just before winter. A well-lit place is selected for sowing. The soil is preferable well-drained with an acidity close to neutral.

Soil preparation is standard, it consists in digging and fertilizing. Humus and sand are introduced into heavy soil. If the acidity is high - lime, dolomite flour or ash.

Lavender

Lavender (Lavandula) is a very attractive plant, but quite whimsical when grown from seed. If you are having trouble getting her seedlings to germinate, try sowing lavender before winter. The thing is that she definitely needs to go through the stage of cold stratification. If sowing in the spring, you will have to place the seed bowls in the refrigerator.

For sowing lavender in open ground, you need to choose a sunny, wind-protected place, always dry, without stagnant water. The soil for growing lavender should be loose and fertile. The plant does not grow well on acidic soils, therefore, with increased acidity, lime or wood ash must be added in advance.

When planting, the seeds do not need to be buried too deeply into the soil, by about 3-4 mm. You can sprinkle the grooves with seeds with river sand. After sowing, the bed must be mulched for the winter, and with the onset of stable frosts, throw more snow over the bed.

Usually shoots appear in May – June. Seeds can sprout later, so you don't need to try to dig up the garden too early. When the seedlings appear, you need to control the watering - the soil should be moist, but not flooded with water.

Lupine

Perennial lupins (Lupinus) are not only a bright flower bed decoration, but also a valuable green manure plant. Although, usually, like green manure, they sow annual lupine. Unlike spring sowing, when sowing before winter, seeds give amicable shoots.

It is better to sow lupine immediately to a permanent place. When sowing, the size of adult plants must be taken into account, the seeds must be planted at a distance of at least 25-30 cm. For sowing, it is advisable to choose a sunny place or partial shade, soil with an acidity close to neutral. The plant does not tolerate the close occurrence of groundwater.

Primrose

Getting a primrose (Primula) from seeds is not very easy, not every grower succeeds. Seeds of primrose require stratification, so sowing it before winter is desirable. It should be borne in mind that seed germination is quite low, especially if the seeds are not just harvested. The seeds of the flower are small, and the seedlings are very small at first. Therefore, it is recommended to sow it not in a garden bed, but in a separate box.

The soil must be very carefully prepared before sowing. If the soil in the area is very dense, it will be difficult for small seedlings to break through. Therefore, the soil must be loose, well-drained. You can even stock up on good store soil for primrose sowing. This soil will not contain weed seeds. And as a rule, ready-made soils of good quality are very loose and light.

Seeds of primrose are sown superficially, slightly falling asleep with soil. It is better to put a box with crops in partial shade so that the spring sun does not burn tender seedlings. It is necessary to carefully monitor the moisture content of the soil. Small seedlings can die even with a short-term drought, and with an excess of moisture, they can suffer from waterlogging. Primrose seedlings develop rather slowly. And all this time crops need careful care.

Nivyanik, or "garden chamomile"

Seeds of leucanthemum (Leucanthemum), or garden chamomile, as gardeners often call this flower, are distinguished by good winter hardiness, they can be sown both before winter and in early spring. With this sowing, the entrances will be stronger and hardened.

The preparation of the beds and the soil for sowing is standard, you can sow the cornflower on the seedling bed, or you can immediately at a permanent place.

Dear Readers! In addition to the plants listed above, you can sow aconite, arabis, buzulnik, gailardia, helenium, doronicum, saxifrage, clematis, levisia, flax, lychnis, euphorbia, obrieta, sedums, rudbeckia, garden yarrow before winter. From biennial flowers - mallow, daisy, forget-me-not, Turkish carnation.

As you can see, the list of flowers that can be grown by sowing before winter is quite large. Sowing under winter gives undeniable advantages, especially sowing perennials.

And it’s also convenient. Therefore, try, if in doubt, sow some of the seeds in the fall, the other in the spring.

Care

If your pets find themselves in a place where strong winds constantly blow, then it will be necessary to provide them with some kind of protection. It's important not to overdo it with leaving. Top dressing should be done no more than once a month., because otherwise the bush itself will only actively grow, and not bloom.

It is necessary to carefully monitor that there is no stagnation of moisture, which causes disease, rot and lack of flowering of marigolds (how to care for and how to feed marigolds for abundant flowering?). In very hot weather, it is better to water the flowers in the evening.

With special regularity, you need to get rid of weeds and loosen the ground, since every plant must breathe, and clogged soil does not allow it to do so. Pruning is recommended in summer to create lush shrubs. further. It's good if you remember to cut off the faded buds. From this, new ones will open faster and with greater force. How to care for marigolds so that they bloom, we talked in detail in a separate article.

Read about caring for marigolds after planting in open ground here.

Conditions of detention

Lighting

Marigolds can grow in shade and partial shade, but will bloom more luxuriantly in the sunniest places.

Temperature

At the moment when marigolds are just sprouting from seeds or are gaining the first foliage, it is important to maintain a temperature regime of 22 - 25 degrees.

In the summertime outside, marigolds are not whimsical to the temperature. But, it is important to protect plants from cold drafts. The main enemy of marigolds is frost.

Watering

During growth, watering should be moderate, and later it will need to be reduced so that there is no stagnation of moisture, from which the plants get sick, rot and do not bloom. In the summer heat, it is better to water in the evenings.

Fertilizer

Marigolds may well live without feeding, but they will respond very gratefully to them. Fertilizers are applied three times: when the seedlings grow up to 10 cm, when the first buds appear and at the beginning of flowering. For feeding, you can use:

• Ready-made complex mineral fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The most common fertilizer among gardeners in this case is "Acrocola-7". Prepare the solution in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
• Urea. ¼ teaspoon is diluted in 2.5 liters of warm water.
• Nitrofoska. The solution is mixed in a proportion of 30 grams of the drug per 10 liters of water.
• Herbal infusions. Chop the grass (nettle) and cover it with water. Leave in the sun for a couple of days to ferment the product. After a while, the resulting herbal fertilizer can be watered with marigolds.
• Wood ash.

Important! Do not use manure as fertilizer. This can burn the root system of the plant.

In order for the plant to absorb as much nutrients as possible during feeding, it is necessary to thoroughly moisten the soil before the procedure.

Read about how to feed marigolds for abundant flowering in our article.

Diseases

Blackleg

Most often found in young plants. It is characterized by light pigmentation at the bottom of the stem, which gradually darkens and decays, which causes the entire plant to die.

To avoid this, you need to remember to disinfect the earth when planting seeds, but do not overdo it with potassium permanganate. If these preventive measures did not help save the flower from this ailment, it is necessary to cut off the affected areas and reduce the frequency and abundance of watering. Do this only after the topsoil has dried. If this does not help, and the plant continues to die, we recommend replanting it in new soil.

Root rot

As a result of unsuitable conditions for the growth of marigolds, root rot can attack them. It manifests itself in the slow development of the plant and yellowing of the stem and leaves. In order to avoid this misfortune, you should take into account all the recommendations for choosing a landing site given in the article above.

Important! Do not plant flowers where flowers with this disease were found in the past year.

You can find out what to do if marigolds dry, leaves wither and buds turn black, you can find out in a separate article.

Diseases of marigolds

In addition to unpretentiousness, marigolds have another very important advantage - a specific aroma that prevents diseases not only of themselves, but also of plants located nearby. It's all about the phytoncides contained in the inflorescences, which scare off harmful insects. Therefore, they are not afraid of fungal diseases, but in the case of excessive watering or wet summer, gray rot may appear on the leaves. The only medicine that can help cope with it is getting rid of the infected plants so that the disease does not spread to other flowers. Snails and slugs that give off an unpleasant odor are also difficult to avoid in high humidity. But they are afraid of the smell of bleach, so if you place this substance in jars nearby, the problem will disappear.

Too dry summer is also a reason for the defeat of marigolds, but already with a spider mite. Regular spraying with an infusion of yarrow, onion and red pepper can get rid of it. But it is better to prevent this nuisance - periodically humidify the air around the plants, that is, spray them.

Pests

Spider mite

Shows itself even on seedlings in the event that it is in a room with dry air. But sometimes already formed plants can be exposed to this danger in dry weather. Symptoms of damage: the leaves become whitish, and then the whole plant dies.

You can resist ticks by humidifying the air. Many flower growers recommend using tobacco tincture. Prepare it as follows: pour 200 grams of tobacco with three liters of water and let it brew for two days. Then it is filtered and diluted to 10 liters of water with the addition of 50 grams of laundry soap until it is completely dissolved. The solution is ready for use immediately. For more information on what to do if a spider mite or other pests appear on marigolds, read this article.

Whitefly

This pest appears in very hot weather and sucks the juice from the leaves, and its larvae infect the leaves with a fungus, which then turn black. To combat whiteflies, you need to use special drugs bought in the store.

Slugs and snails

They go on the attack in wet weather, gnawing stems and leaves. To fight slugs, you just need to collect them from plants. and sprinkle the soil in a circle with ash and lime.

You can learn more about all diseases and pests of marigolds in a separate material.

Possible problems

Do not bloom

What to do? First, it is worth clarifying the flowering time of the variety you have chosen. The flowering period is different for each variety.

Secondly, pay attention to the place where the marigolds were planted. They don't like shade. Flowers tolerate partial shade or diffused light, provided that they are fully illuminated for at least a few hours a day. To solve this problem, it is enough to transplant the plant.

Thirdly, the problem may lie in the watering mode. Marigolds love moisture, and if the watering time is greatly reduced, this will affect flowering.However, there is a downside to the medal, if the flowers are poured, then they also will not pick up buds and bloom.

Finally, don't forget to fertilize and periodically loosen the soil. This will benefit the marigolds.

Pests and diseases

Marigolds attack most often at the initial stage by a black leg, and when the plant becomes an adult - root rot.

Blackleg

This is a disease of still young immature plants. Dark spots of rot appear on even thin stems, then they turn into constrictions. As a result, the plant withers and dies. In order to prevent the seeds before planting, they are treated with a solution of a fungicide or potassium permanganate.

Observe the watering regime of the plantings, do not fill the tray and allow water to stagnate.

What to do if the marigolds are still sick? First, reduce watering. Secondly, loosen the ground around and sprinkle with wood ash. But, if these methods did not help, then it is necessary to transplant the seedlings into a new steamed soil As soon as possible.

Root rot

Due to unfavorable conditions, adult plants outdoors are exposed to root rot. If you notice that: the plant is stunted in growth, stunted in growth, the stem and leaves turn yellow, then pay attention to these symptoms.

Ignoring such changes will lead to the death of the plant. For prevention, periodically loosen the ground around, do not allow stagnation of water.

Reference. Avoid planting marigolds where infected plants sat last season.

You should also not feed the marigolds with manure in order to protect them from root rot.

Viral diseases

In summer, on the shoots of adult marigolds, you can observe the appearance of spots from yellow to dark brown on the leaves and stem. Also, plants could pick up buds and not how can not open it. This means that these plants have undergone viral diseases, and these diseases cannot be treated. Therefore, as soon as plants with such signs are found, they should be immediately removed and burned.

More information about diseases and pests of marigolds can be found here, and you can read about how to deal with spider mites on flowers in this article.

Marigolds as part of landscape design

If you decide to plant the seeds of this plant, then follow certain rules so that the general view is not too faded or catchy, piled up or half empty. For undersized flowers, define a place along the edges of the flower bed, filling it in the middle with those that are higher. The whole composition will be clearly visible.
The flower bed can be of the same color. But a combination of different shades is better, for example, white and red, brown and yellow. Flowering will delight the eye all summer, if some plants wither or dry out, new buds will cover them aesthetically.

Marigolds are the perfect material for creating a lively border. If, in addition to flowers, you also grow vegetables, then plant this fragrant plant along the edges of the garden. Thus, you will give it a beautiful look and protect the crop from pests that are deterred by the specific smell of flowers.

Annual or perennial marigolds: which is preferable

Both flowers are suitable for decorating a garden or local area. Perennial marigolds of low-growing varieties will be quite appropriate as a decoration on flower beds near a dacha or a house; they are able to reproduce independently by ejecting seeds. From year to year, such self-seeding will give more and more flowers, and they will be more beautiful and magnificent.

Annual hybrids will not be able to multiply so actively and literally “flourish” from year to year, they land on the site in spring and delight with their bright and cheerful flowers all season.

Benefits of autumn planting

When deciding when to plant seeds, which planting is preferable - autumn or spring, many, without hesitation, will choose the latter. And they will bring strong, iron arguments in defense of their position. It seems that everything is so, but not quite.

Planting plants in autumn has the following advantages:

• during hibernation, plants gain strength, get used to life in the open outside world;
• the formation of the root system of marigolds due to early planting is faster;
• there is no need to select the "correct" planting date, by the warm season the flowers develop on their own, growing from seed to seedling.

A serious disadvantage of cold planting is the increased use of seed stocks. You need to be prepared for this in order not to get into a mess.

Marigolds are not just flowers

chic flower bed with narrow-leaved lavender, chamomile and marigolds

Few people know that marigolds on a garden plot have more than just a decorative mission. This flower with its peculiar smell can scare off a variety of garden pests. In addition, the phytoncides produced by the plant contribute to the disinfection of the soil adjacent to the bush. This should be a reason to plant marigolds not only in the areas allocated for flower beds, but also between vegetable beds, and also plant strawberry plantations with them.

Where to get seeds?

sowing marigold seeds in the ground

If you first decided to decorate your summer cottage landscape with these magnificent flowers, then you will have to go to the store for seeds or look for interesting offers on the Internet. You can, of course, "get hold of" them and some of the neighbors, but then you will have to forget about the varietal variety and play of colors. By spending one time and purchasing marigold seeds of the species that suit you, you will win twice:

1. Get a beautiful site design.
2. You will have your own seeds for the next season.

How to grow marigold seedlings at home

The first step is to select a suitable container for young plants:

• peat pots or tablets;
• elongated boxes;
• plastic cups;
• shared containers;
• seedling cassettes.

If the flowers grow in a common container, they will need a pick. In order not to carry out the procedure, I recommend choosing separate pots. When growing several varieties of velvet, do not forget to mark the containers with stickers with their names.

Check that there are holes on the bottoms of the containers to drain excess water. If they are not there, do it yourself - with a sharp nail, knife, awl. Cover the bottom with paper, fill in a layer (2-3 cm) of drainage - perlite, coarse sand, expanded clay, crushed stone.

The next stage is the preparation of the soil mixture. Fires prefer "airy", loose, light and nutritious soil. I prepare the substrate myself according to a simple recipe:

1. Fertile garden land (2 parts).
2. Humus (part 1).
3. Peat (1 part).
4. River sand (part 1).

If you think the mixture is heavy, add a little coconut fiber - it helps the soil to breathe better. An excellent alternative to home soil mixture is purchased at the garden center. Choose a primer for garden flowers or specifically for marigolds.

Homemade mixture must be disinfected in any of the following ways (you do not need a store-bought mixture - it is processed by the packer):

1. Heat the water, dissolve a few crystals of potassium permanganate in it. Pour the soil mixture with a hot suspension.
2. Heat the earth on a baking sheet in the oven (30-60 minutes) or in the microwave (10 minutes).
3. Use special fungicides: Fitosporin, Maxim, Vitaros, etc.

Fill the seedling containers with treated soil, transfer them to a place with a temperature of 20-22 C. Leave for 3 days, then start sowing.

I land according to simple instructions:

1. I make uniform grooves on the surface of the substrate every 3-4 cm.
2. I cover the seeds to an approximate depth of 1 cm.
3. I sprinkle the seed with a different mixture - "sand + garden soil" (1: 1).
4. It will not be superfluous to dust the furrows with ash - this is the prevention of the insidious black leg.
5. I cover containers with seedlings with glass, plastic, or wrap them in a transparent film.
6. I take containers and pots to a warm place (23-25 ​​C).

Before the sprouts appear, I do not forget to ventilate the "hotbeds", remove the formed condensate. Already on the 5-7th day I am waiting for the first entries.

If you plant seeds in separate pots, you just need to make a depression (1 cm), place two seeds in it, then proceed from the 3rd point of the instruction. It is convenient to place seed into peat tablets with tweezers.

Seedling care

After the first shoots have appeared, transfer the seedlings to a cooler room (16-18 C). Remove the film, glass. Further care is simple:

1. Watering. Water procedures - for drying the upper layer of the earth. Both waterlogging and drying out are negative for young marigolds.
2. Top dressing. In 2 weeks after sprouting, the introduction of any mineral complex is required.
3. Additional lighting. Such a measure is required for plants planted in February, or over-stretched seedlings. Additional lighting is performed with a fluorescent lamp about 3 times a day. In general, a plant needs 15 hours of daylight. This is especially important for ornamental varieties.

For plants grown in common containers, a pick is required by the time the first 2 true leaves appear. The procedure is done as follows:

1. New containers are filled with the same soil mixture. You can add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of a complex mineral composition, a little ash (100 g per 5 kg of soil).
2. If you chose larger boxes, make grooves according to the 7x7 cm pattern. Plant 1 plant in individual cups.
3. Pinch the main root by about half - this helps to strengthen, branching the root system.
4. Submerge the plant into the substrate up to the cotyledonous leaves.
5. Spread out the roots, cover them with loose soil.
6. Water the transplanted plants with warm water, being careful not to erode the ground.
7. If the soil has settled after watering, add new substrate.

Seedlings grown in peat tablets are transplanted into peat glasses. If the plant was grown in an individual pot, it does not need a pick - carefully remove the weakest from two sprouts.

A week before the move, start hardening the seedlings - take them out to the balcony for a short time, gradually increasing the time spent in the fresh air. The root system "speaks" of readiness for transplanting - by this time it completely entwines a clod of earth in a glass.

The combination of marigolds with other plants

From velvet flowers, wonderful flower beds are obtained, forming carpet paths and whole areas in combination with begonias, asters, cineraria or ageratum. In addition to decorative purposes, marigolds perform a very real function: they protect parts of the garden from the penetration of pests, scaring them away from plants with their smell. Bright, yellow-red inflorescences of black-shaved ones go well with purple, blue or light blue asters.

Planting and caring for marigolds

• Landing: sowing in open ground in late May or early June. For seedlings - in March.
• Bloom: from June to frost.
• Lighting: bright sunlight or partial shade.
• The soil: loamy, well moistened at the beginning of the growing season, nutritious, neutral.
• Watering: regular and sufficient before flowering, then moderate.
• Top dressing: mineral solutions: 1st - at a seedling height of 10 cm, 2nd - during the budding period, 3rd - at the beginning of flowering.
• Cropping: possible but not required.
• Reproduction: seed.
• Pests: spider mites, thrips, aphids, caterpillars, snails, slugs.
• Diseases: gray rot, black leg, root rot, viral infections.

Read more about growing marigolds below.

Experienced gardeners recommendations

Some flower growers recommend different dates for planting seeds for seedlings. In their opinion, tall varieties are suitable for the earliest planting date (about March), in April it is necessary to sow seeds of low-growing crops.Another option worthy of attention is the purchase of seedlings in specialized stores, which you can find out about in Internet sources.

When purchasing seedlings in specialized stores or special nurseries, the seedlings are sold already germinated in special peat cups. Before planting, it is necessary to look at each leaf for damage or any foreign brown spots. Be sure to ask the seller about the conditions for planting and growing these seedlings, as they may differ from those described above.

Luxury marigolds health benefits and harms: application

There are many legends in which it talks about the healing properties of tagetes. Nowadays, scientists have managed to confirm all these legends and prove that these beautiful flowers can cure many ailments.

If you grow marigolds in a pot at home or in a flower bed, then you will always have at hand not only beautiful, but also healthy flowers.

Marigolds have extensive medicinal properties, in addition to the main decorative ones. The composition also includes micro and macro elements, vitamins and essential oils that have an unforgettable aroma. Thanks to infusions of velvet, you can get rid of dysfunction of the digestive tract.

In addition, black shaves will help you get rid of the flu, colds and many other viral diseases. In order to avoid meeting these ailments, add flowers to tea or compotes.

Using marigolds does no harm, but still, before using them in home medicine, you should consult with your doctor. The fact is that they contain essential oils that can harm allergy sufferers. Pregnant women should also use infusions from black shaves with caution.

Description of Chernobrivts

Marigolds are beautiful flowering plants with branched or erect stems that can bush and grow 20 to 150 cm in height.

Read about the features of caring for low-growing marigolds here.

The root system is fibrous, the leaves are pinnately dissected or pinnately separate, alternate or opposite, the color of the greenery can be light or dark green.

Baskets of inflorescences from yellow to bright orange or brown shades. Flowering begins in June and may continue until the first frost. It should be noted that marigolds can be sown on their own... The germination of seeds caught in the soil lasts up to 4 years. The pleasant smell does not come from the buds, but from the greenery of the plant.

In addition to this flower bed with marigolds on the site, this is an invaluable home pharmacy.

Flowers help in the treatment of the following diseases:

• prevention of cataracts;
• diabetes;
• spleen inflammation;
• stomatitis;
• asthma;
• bronchitis;
• cold.

Also, a decoction of dried flowers is recommended to drink in case of intoxication, to purify the blood.

We talked in detail about the medicinal properties and contraindications to the use of marigolds in this article, and read about the features of the use of this plant in folk medicine and cooking in our material.

Why do I plant marigolds in the garden

Marigolds, lights, tagetes, marigolds, black shaves are the names of the same plant. Bright cute flowers can be found in almost every garden - mine will be no exception here. I choose marigolds for decorating the site, not only because of their decorative qualities, but also because of their amazing unpretentiousness.

Tagetes can be planted not only in flower beds, but also along paths and fences. If you decorate your garden with a creative approach, you can easily use velvet to create various mixborders and compositions, filling decorative pots. Do not forget about your home - lights will decorate your balcony.

Marigolds attract pollinating insects, so I often plant them near crops that need pollination to set fruit.The smell of lights is "not to your taste" and many pests, which is why I sow marigolds in the aisles as well.

Disease and pest control

The tart aroma of flowering marigolds guarantees protection against fungal pathogens, so they can be used as a prophylactic agent to ensure the safety of nearby growing garden plantings.

But the plants themselves are vulnerable to pests and diseases. With insufficient watering, there is a possibility of spider mites. Excessive moisture in marigolds is accompanied by rot, the development of fungi.

It is treated in the opposite way: dryness - by moistening and spraying, rot - by drying, transfer to a warm place. When slugs or snails appear on plants, it is better to refrain from chemical treatment in order to avoid shedding flowers from marigolds.

Gray rot occurs when marigolds freeze, are in a damp, excessively humid atmosphere. Signs of the disease are brown wet spotted formations. It is recommended to immediately isolate diseased plants and then destroy them so as not to harm healthy ones.

"Spoiled" marigolds can be used to scare off pests: if they are thrown into compost, then midges and parasites will never start there.

Is it possible to sow marigolds in the fall?

Most sources authoritatively state that marigolds are sown only in the spring. The arguments are strong: the plant is thermophilic, it does not tolerate frost well. And in order for the landing to give a positive result, a certain temperature regime is required - not lower than plus 5 on the Celsius scale.

So beginner gardeners plant marigolds exclusively in the spring, missing out on the opportunity to experiment. The overwhelming majority of fans of marigolds will recommend the "spring" method, as a familiar and fully justified.

Meanwhile, the winter planting of plants is no worse. The main thing is to know how to sow marigolds.

The healing properties of the flower

A flower bed of these flowers has real healing properties. A large amount of lutein helps to cope with many human diseases. Marigolds are good for chronic and obstructive bronchitis, stomatitis and stomach ulcers.

A warm bath with marigold extract helps to relieve fatigue and stress after a hard day. The healing properties of the flower have a positive effect on the work of the cardiovascular rhythm.

In the culinary arts, the elements of this plant allow you to create exquisite dishes that will leave no one indifferent.

Preparing for landing

It starts with choosing a place. It is important to consider 2 points here: the absence of liquid stagnation and a planned slope on the site. Additional nuances relate to the ground. It should be loose and permeable rather than dense. The latter circumstance automatically solves the problem of waterlogging.

Therefore, they begin to prepare for planting plants with bringing the soil to the required consistency state. For this, soil, peat, river sand and humus (compost) are mixed. The next subtlety is landing in frozen ground, not cold. The preparation of the landing site (excavation of grooves and holes, mixing) is carried out in September, and already with the onset of cold weather, seeds will lay in them.

Seed selection

The seed fund of plants is selected based on the color range, varieties (if purchased). Or they use the seeds collected in the fall from their plantings, selecting large and healthy ones. Germination ability remains up to 3 years. Treatment with a stimulant (soaking in water) increases the chances of biting, at the same time reducing the appearance of the first shoots by 5-7 days.

See also

How and when to cut astilbe in preparation for winter, whether it is necessary to coverRead

Lulu, Golden Jam, Gnome, Bonanza Orange, Flame, Carmen, Antigua or Kilimanjaro are chosen more often than others.

Seat selection

It depends on the place whether the seeds will sprout, full-fledged plants will develop from them, or will die.It is desirable that this is a site with a slight slope, not too saturated with moisture. The soil will most likely have to be replaced with a complex composition. This will increase the permeability of the mixture, allow you to get rid of excess water (melt or during watering).

It was not possible to plant immediately in a sunny, open place - it does not matter. Marigolds allow a transplant after they are taken in, let out the leaves and strengthen the root system.