Cypresses are often associated with southern cities and rows of peaked, handsome trees. Indeed, most cypresses are not only natives of the south, but they can neither grow nor develop in the conditions of the middle zone. Although the Arizona cypress is the most winter-hardy species, it is quite possible to grow it at home, and later try to plant it in open ground.
Botanical description [edit | edit code]
The leaves are small, needle-shaped in young plants; in adults, they are scale-like, pressed against the branches and arranged in four rows of tiles; each such leaf has only one tip free, while most of it has grown tightly to the branch; on the dorsal side of the leaf, an oily gland is usually developed, sometimes sharply outlined.
Cypress is a monoecious plant. Spherical or elongated cylindrical microstrobils (male cones) consist of a rod on which microsporophylls are located, in some species they are rounded, in others they are polygonal thyroid, located oppositely across; each of the microsporophylls bears 3-5 microsporangia. In megastrobil (female cones), the cover leaf has completely grown together with the seed scales into fruit scales, so that the female cone consists of a rod covered with six to ten, occasionally fourteen criss-crossing scales (megasporophylls). There are several ovules (megasporangia) with each scale.
Cones ripen in the second year, become spherical or ovoid, and the scales take the form of thick multifaceted woody shields eccentrically attached to a thick stalk; a more or less pointed outgrowth is developed on the back of the scale. On the underside of the scales are several closely spaced seeds. The somewhat flattened seed has a narrow wing. The embryo mostly has two cotyledons, occasionally with three to four.
Pea Guest from Japan
It is the most resistant to frost among all members of the genus. The tree can survive frost of 30 ° C. In the wild, it grows up to 30 m. Distinctive features are a brown bark with a reddish tint and a wide cone-shaped crown. The needles have a bluish tint, the branches are horizontal, grow slowly. Varieties of this species can be distinguished by their miniature yellow-brown buds - only 0.6 cm in diameter.
Popular planting options:
- The cypress variety Filifer Aurea has the shape of a wide cone. Such a tree grows up to 6 m in height. The stems are drooping, the needles are scaly with a golden-greenish color, soft to the touch. Differs in average growth rate, annual growth of 16-19 cm. Looks great among gravel, moss.
- Filifera Nana is a short specimen with bluish needles. It differs in that the diameter can be greater than its height. For example, 60-year-old specimens grow only 0.6 m and are 1.5 m wide. At a young age, it grows slowly, in the future, the annual growth varies from 4 to 10 cm. The main difference is thick filamentous shoots, gracefully hanging down to the ground.
- Sangold is a spherical half-meter hybrid with golden-green needles, which, when cold weather sets in, become a rich green color. It is decorated with threadlike thin shoots, the annual growth of which is 3-4 cm.Looking at this curiosity, it is difficult to leave without a compliment from the owner of the site.
Using [edit | edit code]
Cypresses are grown in gardens and parks as ornamental plants, as hedges, most often evergreen cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) is used for these purposes. The small size of the large-fruited cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) allows it to be used even as a houseplant.
The needles and shoots of some species, for example, Mexican cypress (Cupressus lusitanica Mill.), Are used to obtain aromatic oil, which is used in aromatherapy, having antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, tonic and other beneficial properties.
Due to the high price, they are relatively rarely used in medicine and perfumery, which prefer cheaper components.
Cypress wood is soft and light (except cypress arizona
, which has a hard and heavy, nut-like wood), has a fungicidal effect, and the smell repels insects. It is used in construction, shipbuilding, for the manufacture of furniture, small items, including church utensils (rosary, crosses, icon boards, crayfish, reliquaries). The high resin content in the wood ensures its good preservation, for this reason the ancient Egyptians made sarcophagi from this particular tree, and cypress oil was used to embalm mummies. Plutarch recommended writing all the laws on cypress boards.
Benefit and harm
There is a lot of talk about the beneficial and harmful properties of Goldcrest Wilma cypress. Let's start with useful:
- extraction of essential oil used for aromatherapy, for respiratory diseases and for a beneficial effect on the female body, treating edema, normalizing mood and fighting stress;
- tincture of cones is used in folk medicine for inflammatory processes and bleeding;
- needles have a good effect on the nervous system and the respiratory system, producing oxygen and harmonizing the microclimate in the house;
- wood has a fugnicidal effect - it repels small insects.
Cypress is harmful for those who suffer from high blood pressure or have epilepsy.
Symbols [edit | edit code]
Gloomy dark green foliage evergreen cypress
since ancient times, it has already served as an emblem of sadness, and therefore this tree is often planted in the southern climate in cemeteries. This cypress was dedicated by the Greeks and Romans to the gods, mainly Pluto. Cypress branches were placed in the tombs of the dead; they were used to decorate houses in mourning; cypress trees were usually planted on the graves.
The ancient Roman poet Ovid in his work "Metamorphoses" conveys the legend of Cypress, a young man who asked the gods to turn him into a tree in order to grieve forever for his favorite, a deer, whom he accidentally shot while hunting.
With the advent of Christianity, the symbolism of the cypress has changed, from a symbol of death it has become a symbol of eternal life. In the Bible, cypress is listed among the trees in the Garden of Eden (Ezekiel 31.8). According to some assumptions, cypress is the gopher tree from which Noah's ark was made.
Possible difficulties
Cypress has excellent immunity. With proper care, he does not get sick at all. If the soil is regularly flooded, root rot may develop. To combat it, they are treated with a fungicide, the agricultural technique is changed and the crown is sprayed with "Epin".
Of the pests, scale insects and spider mites appear most often. Prevention of infection is regular spraying and humidification of the air. When the parasites have already settled, the plant is treated with Aktellik.
If the branches dry on the cypress, this indicates insufficient lighting and air humidity. The same problem can arise from sudden changes in temperature.To prevent the plant from hurting, you should not often rearrange it from place to place. To strengthen the cypress, add a little "Zircon" to the water for irrigation.
Classification [edit | edit code]
The number of species belonging to the genus cypress varies from 14 to 25 and even more, depending on the source chosen, since most populations are isolated and few in number, which makes it difficult to confidently identify them as a separate species, subspecies or variety. At the moment, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the number of officially recognized species.
Cypress is one of the favorite plants of landscape designers, often used for landscaping gardens and parks.
The coniferous tree looks great in single plantings and in the form of a curly hedge.
Cypress is quite easy to cultivate, among its varieties there are varieties for the garden and dwarf options for growing indoors.
In this article we will tell you about what this plant is, what types of it exist, whether it can be grown at home and what conditions need to be created for this.
Scientific name
Cupressus Goldcrest wilma - this is how the type of cypress we are considering is called in science. The first word comes from the island of Cyprus - the birthplace of the evergreen. Its leaves are cross-paired - hence the second part of the name.
We recommend reading our materials about other types of cypress:
- with a pyramidal crown;
- Siberian.
Description
In the wild, cypresses are widespread. You can meet them in areas with tropical and subtropical climates - in the countries of Europe, Asia and North America.
The plant is a long-liver - under favorable conditions, it lives up to 300 yearsand sometimes more. This coniferous tree has a very ancient origin, and the birthplace of Cypress is not known for certain.
Most species are slender trees with a straight trunk and a pyramidal crown, but lush, spreading shrubs are also found in the genus.
Skeletal branches grow upward, tightly pressing against the trunk, which gives it a special slenderness, thanks to which the expression "slender as a cypress" was even born.
The shoots on the branches of the tree are thin and soft. They actively branch in one or different planes and are covered with small fern-like leaves of a dark green color. Young specimens have needle-like leaves, like conifers., in adults, as the tree grows, at about the fourth year of life, the shape of the leaves changes to scale-like.
It is worth saying that the older this wonderful representative of the flora becomes, the more decorative it is.
We present to your attention detailed information about some of them: Calathea and Clerodendrum.
Cypress is a gymnosperm plant. It bears fruit with male and female roundish cones of a grayish-brown color and no more than 3.5 seconds in diameter. They are covered with thyroid scales, each of which contains several seeds. Cones ripen in the second year of the plant's life..
Where does cypress grow
Thuja - a tree, what it looks like, varieties and varieties
The homeland of the coniferous tree is North America. In nature, the tree is widespread in Guatemala and California, it can be found in other countries of the northern hemisphere. It also grows in the USA, China, Lebanon, Syria, Crimea, the Caucasus, the Himalayas, the subtropics and tropics of the Mediterranean. On New Year's holidays, they dress up a cypress instead of a Christmas tree.
Plant needles
Types of cypress with photo
About 10 species of cypress are used as an ornamental crop for gardening. On their basis, varieties with wide-pyramidal, columnar and squat crown shapes have been bred.
There are interesting varieties with blue, silver-gray, bluish-green, bright yellow and bluish-gray needles. There are several dwarf forms for indoor cultivation..
Being a native of warm countries, the plant takes root and grows well in the southern Russian regions. In the middle lane, it is recommended to grow frost-resistant cypress varieties that can withstand the harsh winter cold.
The most popular types for open ground:
Arizona - drought-resistant and frost-resistant (up to -20 ° C).
Ordinary or evergreen - thermophilic, shade-tolerant, demanding on moisture and "condescending" to the composition of the soil.
Large-fruited - poorly tolerates drought, frost-resistant (down to -15 ° C).
California or Govena - shade-tolerant, drought-resistant and undemanding to the ground.
Italian - a sun lover.
McNaba - drought-resistant and frost-resistant (up to -25 ° C).
Kashmiri - thermophilic and in need of abundant watering.
Lusitanian or Mexican - thermophilic and demanding on air humidity.
Siberian cypress - a low shrub with a spreading crown. Often used in landscaping.
Usually, cypress is purchased already grown. But you can grow it yourself. For growing cypress from seeds at home, the varieties Goldcrest Vilma, Fastigiata montrosa, Aschersoniana and other dwarf forms that were specially bred by English breeders for indoor culture are well adapted.
Also indoors, you can grow Kashmir, Evergreen and Large-fruited cypresses, if you cut their roots every spring.
Read all about growing and caring for Dieffenbachia, Coffee tree and Ficus.
Proper care is the basis for a long life and a beautiful appearance for your plant. Outdoor cypress needs diffused lighting. Ideally, you need to choose a slightly shaded place for the plant. In the shade, the tree will be too stretched. Adequate moisture is another key requirement for cypress to feel good.
In autumn, during strong winds, young twigs should be tied up so that they do not break. It is advisable to cover it for the winter, and if this is not done, the crown of the tree damaged by frost will take a very long time to recover. Even frost-resistant plant species require insulation..
One should not forget about mulching the near-trunk circle with sawdust, needles or peat. And fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is especially important for cypress in the first 3-4 years of life - it must be applied up to twice a month in the warm season.
Indoor cypress requires high humidity, especially during the heating season. If the air in the room is dry, Cypress begins to ache and lose its decorative effect.
To avoid this, during the heating season and in strong summer heat, the plant must be sprayed twice a day... Water it in moderation.
At the same time, it is important to remember that drying out and waterlogging of an earthen coma can threaten the death of a green handsome man.
From May to October, it is best to plant the plant on the balcony., terrace or garden, providing it with light shading.
Sometimes the Cypress plant is confused with Cypress. Despite the fact that they are very similar, there are differences.
Cypress is a wonderful tree that can decorate not only a garden plot, but also a home interior. With proper care, it will live for many years and delight you with its lush green outfit.
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Today, many varieties and types of cypress are known. There are differences between them in appearance, as well as in the characteristics of care and cultivation. Paying attention to this plant, as well as observing certain rules for its maintenance, you can get a lush and beautiful representative of the flora at home or in your summer cottage.
Reproduction
This type of cypress is relatively easy to propagate by seeds, cuttings and layering.
When growing Arizona cypress, many young plants are obtained from seeds at once, which, moreover, can be hardened from birth and taught to frosty winters. For germination, seeds need a stratification period of 2-3 months at temperatures around + 2-5 ° C. The seeds can be placed in wet sand or even simply wrapped in a damp cloth.
Attention! Care must be taken to keep the seeds moist at all times during stratification.
Then the stratified cypress seeds are laid out at a depth of about 1 cm in a light moist soil, covered with polyethylene with holes. At a temperature of about + 20 ° C, seedlings most often appear in 2-3 weeks. Germination rate is usually around 50%.
Sprouts can be planted in separate containers when they reach a height of 5-6 cm. Usually 3-4 year old plants are transplanted into open ground.
Cypress cuttings are cut from semi-lignified shoots, which have a small section of the bark of an older branch ("heel"). The lower needles are removed by 1/3 of the shoot and left for a day in water with the addition of Epin or Kornevin. Then it is placed 4-5 cm in a light nutrient mixture, moistened and covered with a glass jar on top. In favorable conditions of warmth and humidity, the cuttings will give roots in a few months.
It is even easier to propagate cypresses by layering. To do this, choose a seedling with branches close to the ground. An incision is made on it, a piece of polyethylene is inserted into it and dropped into the ground, preventing it from drying out for several months, when roots should form from the incision.
What it is?
Cypress is an evergreen coniferous plant of the Cypress family. The genus has more than 10 species, represented by trees and bushes. In the wild, this plant is quite common. An ornamental tree grows in an area dominated by a tropical and subtropical climate, namely in European, Asian countries, North America. The tree is considered to be long-lived, as it has a lifespan of about 300 years. Under favorable environmental conditions, it lives more. Many plants are characterized by straight trunks and a pyramidal crown, there are other species, the external description of which suggests that they are similar to lush and spreading bushes.
Learning to distinguish from relatives
The cypress is often confused with its relative, the cypress. Conifers intended for open ground are similar in appearance, but there are several signs by which any gardener can distinguish them. The cypress has flatter branches, they are smaller than the cypress. Cones are round and not as large as those of a fellow, they have fewer seeds. Another distinguishing feature is the pyramidal crown, which makes it look like another coniferous tree - thuja. Interestingly, the Latin name of the genus Chamaecyparis means "false cypress".
There are 7 types of cypress trees, and there are more than two hundred varieties. It can be a cone-shaped tree or a humble shrub. They are distinguished by the height and degree of branching of the shoots. Shrubs do not exceed 2 m, they are characterized by strong branching. In open space, the tree grows from 2-3 to 20-40 m, in natural conditions, some species grow up to 70 m. The trunk is usually covered with light brown or brown bark. Depending on the type, leaf plates are either green and dark green, or with a yellow, smoky blue and purple tint. Shoots can be drooping or horizontal.
Cypress trees spread from East Asia (Taiwan, Japan) and North America (USA). At home in Japan, they are valued not only for their decorative properties, but also for high-quality wood that exudes a pleasant coniferous aroma.
Benefits of outdoor cultivation:
- They tolerate the cold more easily than cypresses.Adult specimens hibernate without shelter.
- Among the assortment offered in nurseries, you can choose dwarf specimens up to 0.5 m and giants growing up to 4 m and more.
- Taking care of the plant is not so difficult, it is resistant to various diseases and pest attacks.
- Seeds in cones are ready to give offspring from the first year after planting the seedling. In good conditions, they remain viable for up to 15 years.
The prickly handsome man looks good on alpine slides, suitable for creating topiary and hedges, including the low one from dwarf varieties. Miniature hybrids are ideal for decorating terraces. They are successfully combined with other conifers and deciduous plants, they look solid in a single planting.
The creation of a mixborder with the participation of both coniferous and deciduous representatives is considered successful:
- rhododendron,
- heather,
- undersized barberry,
- boxwood,
- creeping cotoneaster,
- narcissus,
- spurge,
- hydrangea,
- fern.
The ephedra will serve as a great backdrop for roses and other perennial flowers. With its help, you can form complex patterns on flower beds or parterres, placing a group of 3 seedlings with different colors of needles.
When adjacent to other types of conifers, it is important to take into account their resistance to soil changes. Fallen needles acidify the soil.
In spacious areas, a prickly handsome man can be safely included in a composition created according to the type of a natural forest. In it, conifers coexist with deciduous representatives; saxifrage, periwinkle and other shade-tolerant brethren are chosen as the herbaceous cover. From cereals, fescue and bluegrass are suitable.
Types and varieties
Currently, flora lovers can grow in their garden, as well as indoors, any of the varieties or species of cypress, of which there are a large number.
Pyramidal
This species of coniferous plant is native to the Eastern Mediterranean. The pyramidal cypress is also called Italian. The tree is characterized by a wide column-shaped crown and a height of about 35 meters. The plant grows to this size in about 100 years. The original shape of the cypress was obtained thanks to the work of breeders. This long-liver is characterized by good frost resistance, it tolerates frost well at 20 degrees.
The ideal place for the pyramidal type of life is the hilly area. The plant has a positive attitude towards mountains and poor soils. The tree is covered with small needles, which are painted in emerald color. The formation of cones occurs on small branches that are colored brown. The growth of a young individual is quicker than that of an adult. After reaching 100 years of age, a pyramidal cypress tree stops growing. This plant is an excellent decoration for country houses, alleys, park areas.
Arizona
The Arizona cypress tree species lives in Mexico, Arizona. A representative that lives in its natural environment grows on mountain slopes. Even 20 years ago, this beautiful plant began to be grown in personal plots, parks and gardens. Representatives of this family are characterized by a long life span, which in some cases reaches 500 years. During this time, the tree grows up to 2000 centimeters. The bark of this species is gray, but turns brown over time. Arizona cypress wood is similar to walnut, it has high hardness and low weight. The tree can tolerate drought, frost, while growing quite quickly.
Evergreen
Evergreen cypress is also called ordinary, the shape of this tree resembles a pyramid. The narrow crown of the plant is formed by branches of short length, they fit tightly to the trunk. The common cypress is cone-shaped and can grow up to 3,000 centimeters. The needles are small, elongated, scaly, they are tightly pressed against the branches in a cruciform manner.Cones hang from short shoots, they are characterized by a diameter of 30 mm.
This type of plant is characterized by rapid growth. Lovers of green spaces can also come across an ordinary cypress with red needles. He prefers shaded areas and survives in temperatures of minus 20 degrees. The tree is not demanding on the soil, and the possible presence of stones in the soil will not interfere with its growth.
Excessive moisture has a detrimental effect on the tree. This representative of the flora is a long-liver, it begins to give cones at the age of 5 years. This type of cypress is cut for decorative purposes. Neatly trimmed trees serve as an excellent decoration for the territory.
Citric
Lemon cypress is a houseplant, it has a pleasant pine-lemon aroma and an elongated shape. The flower is quite beautiful, but whimsical. The needles of an ornamental plant are colored light green. The plant is characterized by drought resistance, unpretentious attitude to the soil. Lemon cypress grows slowly, but lives a long time.
Dwarf
Dwarf cypress is a tree with a pyramidal crown, it is quite similar to thuja. The bark of the tree is brownish brown, covered with scales and cracks. Branches can be either drooping or outstretched. The shoots of the plant are flattened. The needles of a dwarf cypress are opposite and are located crosswise. Young individuals are covered with needle-shaped needles. Male cones are oval and small in size, while female cones are round and covered with scales.
Goldcrest Wilma
This evergreen variety survives better than others at home. It looks like a miniature herringbone, which is covered with narrow leaves. The color of the shoots is light green, sometimes even yellow. The small, scaly leaves give off a lemon scent. This flower is popular in apartments, office premises due to its attractive appearance and unpretentiousness. Goldcrest Wilma prefers diffuse illumination, in excess of which the needles can shatter. A favorable temperature for a plant is considered moderate, if it exceeds 27 degrees, then the plant dries. To make the crown of a cypress tree look well-groomed, it should be trimmed, this process stimulates the growth of new branches.
Lusitanian cypress (Mexican) and its forms
This species has another name - Portuguese cypress. It has become widespread in the United States and Mexico. The plant was cultivated back in the 17th century, however, until now it has not lost its popularity. Lusitanian cypress has several forms, which we will talk about.
Bentham's form
Decorative form of Mexican cypress. The variety grows naturally in the mountains of Mexico and Guatemala. On the territory of the CIS, the largest areas are located in the Crimean Mountains. Cypress branches grow in one plane, which is one of the distinctive features of the decorative form. The color can vary from gray to dark green. The crown of the tree is narrow, regular.
The height of the form does not differ from the main type and is equal to 30-35 m. Recall that most cypresses for various reasons stop growing after 8-12 m, so you should not take the maximum numbers as a rule. Cones are colored bluish-green, brown or light brown after ripening. Each cone consists of several scales with a small spike at the end.
The flowering of the Bentham form falls in the winter-early spring. Cones ripen in a year, in the first months of autumn.
Blue uniform
The peculiarity of this form is the blue color of the leaf scales. This form fell in love with breeders precisely for its bizarre color. Blue cypress does not need a haircut, and its slow growth (no more than 10 cm per year) allows you to plant a tree in the house. The shoots on the tree are located in the same plane, but somewhat thicker than that of the main species. The tree can also reach 30 meters in height if it grows in warm climates on a highly nutritious substrate. A negative feature of the shape is the lack of resistance to drought and low temperatures.
This form of cypress is perfect for both home and personal plot. Blue cypress can be the highlight of your garden, drawing the attention of passers-by and guests.
Lindley's form
This indoor cypress can be recognized by its dark green shoots and large buds.
This form has an ovoid crown, elongated shoots, located in different planes. This variety is similar to a large-fruited cypress, but differs in the structure of the aboveground body. When choosing a planting site and growing temperature, one should be guided by acceptable indicators for the Lusitanian cypress, since the form does not differ in demanding soil or temperature.
How to care for a tree?
The cultivation of cypress implies the correctness of the procedures associated with caring for it. Since this is a subtropical plant, it should be found in a warm, bright place without direct sun exposure. The tree prefers a large growing area. In the summer period of the year, room temperature is considered optimal for an evergreen representative, but at the same time with constant and optimal moisture. In winter, the cypress should be rearranged in a room with a temperature of 5-10 degrees above zero.
The number of waterings in winter should be reduced, however, it should not be brought to dryness of the soil. In summer, cypress should be placed on windows that are directed to the north or east, and in winter - to the south. In the room where the tree grows, there must be a sufficient beat of sunlight, direct rays should be excluded. In winter, with a lack of natural light, it is worth using artificial.
Regularity and abundance should be observed in the irrigation of cypress. But do not violate the moderation of this process, since an excessive amount of moisture or a lack of it can destroy the plant. It is worth spraying a coniferous representative in the morning and also in the evening. The procedure should use settled water at room temperature. In the cold season, it is often not required to water the plant, it needs to be irrigated once every 7 days, and spraying should be completely canceled before the onset of heat.
Cypress trees prefer high humidity. Indoors, the humidity level must be maintained by watering and spraying. The land for planting an evergreen tree should be characterized by looseness. The substrate can be purchased in stores or prepared with your own hands. To make the soil, it is necessary to mix river sand, turf soil, peat in equal amounts and 2 parts of leafy soil.
This coniferous representative of the flora is exotic, therefore ordinary fertilizers are not suitable for it, and humus is considered harmful. The ideal feeding option in this case is considered to be a liquid fertilizer with minerals, which is intended for conifers. It is worth feeding cypress once in May, June, July and August. It is worth making sure that there is not a lot of nitrogen in the fertilizer and that magnesium is always present.
Plant soil
You can buy cypress soil at the store, a substrate for conifers is suitable. Optimal Blend for Full Growth:
- Leafy ground - two parts.
- Sod land - three parts.
- River sand (coarse) - one part.
The soil must be loosened, otherwise the plant will die. A drainage layer is necessary to prevent stagnation of water at the roots.
If you decide to feed your "pet", buy fertilizer in a flower shop, designed specifically for this plant. Garden fertilizers cannot be used.
How to transplant it?
The loss of the beneficial qualities of the soil mixture under the cypress occurs within a few years after planting, therefore, for the normal life of the plant, it should be transplanted into a new substrate. The same procedure is required after purchasing a living decorative decoration for the house.Spring is considered the best time to work. Due to the fact that the cypress has a sensitive root system, it is better to transplant it by transshipment.
The first step is to thoroughly water the soil, since the plant is easier to extract from wet soil. The cypress must be removed from the pot along with a lump of earth. The substrate that crumbles easily must be removed, and the roots should be examined for damage. If a young shoot is found, then it is separated from the base of the trunk in conjunction with the root system. The place of separation should be lubricated with a garden varnish.
Next, you need to plant each of the plants in separate containers, an adult cypress in a large pot, and a young one in a smaller one. In this case, the young plant should be covered with a glass jar, which will contribute to better rooting. Do not forget that the bottom of the container should be covered with drainage, already on top of which soil is poured.
Planting and care at home
Even giant cypress species are suitable for indoor cultivation. The whole secret lies in slow growth. It will take several decades before the trees will no longer fit in the house. The rhizome of the plant is quite sensitive, therefore, the transplant is carried out only as needed, while preserving the earthen coma. The pot must be large enough and stable. The soil is made up of:
- sod soil;
- peat;
- leafy land;
- sand.
Drainage material from crushed bark, clay shards or broken brick must be placed at the bottom.
Lighting. Cypress needs long daylight hours and bright, but diffused light. On hot days, protection from direct sunlight is essential. You should also ventilate the room more often or take the plant outside. Additional lighting may be needed in winter.
Temperature. Although cypress lives in the south, it is difficult for it to tolerate heat above + 25 ° C. Wintering should be even cooler (+ 10… + 12 ° C). In the room near the heaters, the branches will begin to dry.
Humidity. Plants need high air humidity, so they are regularly sprayed or placed near a water source. Without this, the needles can crumble and dry out, which means the bush will cease to be attractive.
Watering. Soil flooding is not allowed, so the cypress is watered regularly, but not too abundantly. The soil should dry out only on the surface. In winter, when the temperature drops, irrigation is reduced.
Fertilizers. In May-August, indoor cypress is watered every month with a solution of mineral dressing. Top dressing continues in winter, but they do it every 6-8 weeks. Also, to improve the appearance, you can add "Epin" to the spray liquid for the crown.
Healing properties of decorative cypress
Cypress is a healing plant for the home. It effectively purifies oxygen, spreads a subtle pine odor and phytoncides, which are useful for adults and children to breathe.
Oil is extracted by cold pressing of branches and needles
Oil is extracted from it by pressing branches and foliage. Most often, it has a pale yellow, almost transparent shade and a sharp coniferous-woody aroma.
The ancient Egyptians used it to embalm the bodies of the dead. Essential oil is actively used in medicine due to its functions:
- antiseptic
- tonic
- sedative
- antirheumatic
- antispasmodic
The oil is added to the composition of creams and lotions for skin and hair. They can treat skin wounds and small cuts. Rub into the body to treat cellulite and stretch marks.
Some components of the product can cause an allergic reaction. This should be considered before starting treatment.
It is used in the treatment of colds in the upper respiratory tract. Oil relieves swelling of the nasopharynx, makes breathing easier. Eliminates feelings of anxiety, fatigue, effectively relaxes.
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Root system
The root system of this group of plants is of the rod type, well developed... Its basis is a powerful main root, from which numerous lateral appendages branch off. This structure allows the roots to penetrate deeply into the soil, firmly fix in the substrate and grow safely in areas with a low level of groundwater.
Important! The root system of cypress trees is quite delicate, therefore, during care, a young plant requires a gentle regime for carrying out all kinds of agrotechnical procedures.
How to propagate homemade cypress
Cypress seeds
There are 3 methods that are applicable to most houseplants:
1 Layering method. Convenient in that the mother plant receives minimal damage, but the method is not used for potted trees. We apply only to those varieties whose fresh shoots grow in a horizontal plane and spread along the ground. A young branch with leaves is cut and a pebble is inserted into the gap. It will not allow the seam to grow. The shoot is bent to the ground and dug into a previously prepared gutter, 0.5 m deep.
They fix it with staples, sprinkle it with earth and water it. The procedure is carried out in the spring, and by the fall the branch will have its own roots. The next spring, the shoot can be separated from the parent bush and planted elsewhere.
2 Seed method. A very time consuming process that requires patience. It is advisable to buy seeds at a flower shop. It is recommended to plant in early spring. For 3-4 months, the seeds are stored in the refrigerator. The day before planting, soak in warm water. Prepare soil from sand or fresh sawdust, and when sprouts appear, they are transplanted into fertile coniferous soil.
Not all seeds will sprout, and not all sprouts will produce trees. Cypress kids are too capricious. But if you manage to raise a cub, be prepared that it will not stretch more than 15-20 cm per year.
3 Cutting method. The most preferred method for high performance. The upper stems of the crown are suitable as cuttings. They are carefully cut and placed in a composition with epin (growth stimulant). After 24 hours, the sprouts are removed from the fertilizer, the cuts are treated with activated carbon and planted in a greenhouse with fertile coniferous soil. Every day the cuttings are aired, opening the caps for 1.5-2 hours. Rooting occurs after 3 months, but it is advisable to plant the plant in spring.
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We select the best place on the site
The coniferous favorite of landscape designers and owners of country houses prefers partial shade. It should not be planted in lowlands where cold air stagnates - this will slow down the development of the plant. Cypress loves good diffused lighting, and hybrids with a greenish-yellow color require more sunlight than those with light blue and green. The first group can be planted in a sunny area, only the tree will need enhanced watering. If there is not enough light, then the plant will lose all its decorative properties.
The recommended distance between seedlings is at least 1 m.
As for the soil, it must be well drained. The soil is suitable fertile, preferably loamy or black earth with an acidity of 4.5 to 5.5 pH. Calcareous will not be favorable for growth. They will have to add high-moor peat, sand, garden soil. If the soil is poor, lacking calcium or excess magnesium, the needles will begin to turn yellow.
Given the breadth of the assortment, you can choose a cypress tree for almost any garden composition. Disease resistance, endurance and durability distinguish it from other garden plants.
McNaba
Cypress Macnaba is a branching tree or shrub that grows up to 12 meters in height.The crown of the plant is wide and very dense, with intense branching from the trunk itself. Its natural habitat is in California and Southern Oregon.
When describing a cypress tree of this species, its frost resistance (up to -25 ° C) and drought transfer are most often noted. The bark of the trunk can be dark red or blackish brown. Short shoots branch out in all directions. The dark green oval needles, when rubbed, give a rich scent of lemons. Cones are spherical, may have a slight bluish bloom. After they ripen, they remain on the tree, keeping seeds viable for up to 8 years.
McNaba was introduced to Europe in 1854, and 4 years later it first appeared on Russian territory. Currently, it is cultivated in small quantities on the Black Sea coast.
Is it possible and when to plant in open ground
Many owners of private houses and summer cottages often ask themselves whether it is possible to transplant an indoor tree onto the street. After all, cypresses look very advantageous in the landscape design of a summer cottage.
Important! Even in the south, domestic cypress trees need shelter during the winter season.
This option is possible only in southern latitudes, since in other regions the root system simply cannot withstand the winter cold. To plant an indoor cypress in the courtyard, you need to find the optimal place for it without drafts, evenly and constantly illuminated by the sun.
Growing an indoor southern tree is a rather troublesome business. But it's worth it, because the house will be decorated with an evergreen particle of the southern coast, exuding a delicate aroma and filling the dwelling with phytoncides that have a positive effect on human health.
How the plant is used in industry
In ancient times, cypress wood was considered the most expensive, durable and safe. It was used in shipbuilding, high-quality furniture and church utensils were made. It has a high percentage of resin content, so it is strong, stored for a long time, does not rot or dry out.
Majestic pyramidal centenarians
Cypress is an amazing plant with a long history and many useful qualities. With proper care, it grows well at home, spreads the stunning scent of the spruce forest, purifies the air and pleases the eye with refined grace.
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Basic rules of care
In the natural environment, the plant is completely undemanding to the surrounding conditions. Perhaps this quality is the main reason for its long lifespan. However, flower growers have to tinker with indoor Christmas trees.
Breeding indoor species
The main goal in caring for cypress trees is to recreate the natural environment for the pot. If the task is completed, the plant will not be a hassle. It remains only to periodically replant the bushes, fertilize the soil and monitor the absence of pests.
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Watering rules
It is important to maintain a high humidity level in the room. The plant loves liquid, so in the summer it is watered and sprayed every day. A drainage layer must be placed in the pot in order to prevent stagnation of water in the roots.
Drainage is laid on the bottom layer of the pot
In winter, the frequency of watering is halved, but they do not stop regularly spraying the foliage. You can put ice on top of the soil instead of water. Make sure that the ground is always moist.
A young individual can dry out and die in one day. Especially if, in addition to the lack of watering, the room will be hot.
The flower does not tolerate dryness. If allowed to dry, the foliage may begin to turn yellow, and bald spots will appear in the crown.It will be difficult to restore a symmetrical and beautiful appearance, therefore, watering is treated responsibly.
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Choosing a place of residence
In nature, cypress grows in open sunny areas.... However, homemade varieties are more tender and vulnerable. Direct rays can harm young plants.
A sample of a healthy and well-groomed individual
It is best to choose an open and well-lit area with diffused light. If the tree is dark, it will begin to stretch up, while fluffing up, not releasing new stems. You can turn on fluorescent lamps above the plant if it is not possible to choose a different area.
Cypress does not tolerate drafts and sudden changes in the weather in the house. In order for the tree to form a beautiful symmetrical crown, it is rotated 180 ° once a week.
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Temperature Tips
Florists recommend monitoring the air temperature, which should not exceed 25 ° -28 ° C even in summer. In winter, the tree rests, it needs moderate cold. The optimum temperature for the resting period is 10 ° C.
In winter, the bush can be taken out to the balcony
Compliance with the annual change of heat and cold in the room is necessary for cypress trees for a long life and the formation of a beautiful, healthy appearance.
Avoid placing the tree near batteries and radiators.
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When do the transplant
Young trees require a soil change and additional root space once a year. For individuals over 5 years old, a transplant is enough every 2-3 years. So the plant will gain less height with age, but it will increase in openwork diameter.
Transplanting young shoots
Transplant process:
- Moisten the soil and carefully remove the cypress together with the earthen clod from the pot.
- Shake the roots slightly, beating off loose soil. It is not necessary to specially remove the soil, as this can damage the root system.
- Coniferous soil is prepared in advance from slightly acidic soil and drainage.
- In a new pot with a larger diameter, with drainage and a lower layer of earth, the plant is set up vertically and the roots are filled up to the level in the previous container.
- The soil is pressed down, watered with soft, settled water at room temperature and the crown is sprayed.
Use crushed bricks, pebbles, small pebbles, expanded clay for drainage. The layer must be at least 3 cm.
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Fertilization and feeding
Cypress trees do not require abundant nutrients and many fertilizers. These substances provoke active growth, and the tree should grow slowly. This is the only way to form a fluffy top.
Instead of fertilizing, plant trees in special soil.
In the summer, 2 times a month, the plant is watered with ordinary liquid fertilizer for conifers. From October to April, fertilization and feeding are not required. During the dormant period, the cypress freezes, gaining strength for the summer season.
Read the ingredients carefully. They should not contain nitrogen substances that catalyze the rapid growth of shoots.
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Diseases
To understand that the plant is sick, its appearance will help. The foliage begins to turn yellow, the crown thinns, and growths or mold appear on the trunk. The soil can give off a rotten smell, which indicates that the liquid is stagnant in the pot.
This is how the branches that have begun to dry look like.
Yellowness indicates a lack of fluid... Increase the frequency of watering and give your Christmas tree a shower: put the pot in a bathtub without a tray and fill it with warm water from the heart. Leave it for a couple of hours to let the water glass, and return it to its original place. The next watering is carried out only after the topsoil has dried.
If the crown becomes sparse, check to see if the pot is in a ventilated area. A growth on the trunk may indicate a fungus. To eliminate it, treat the flower with fungicides.
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Pruning
Trimming for decorative purposes
This procedure helps to form an aesthetic top as well as eliminate dry branches. When pruning, the branch is removed completely, from the base at the root. The process is performed as needed, as well as during transplantation.
Nutkan cypress - coniferous giant
Otherwise, this species is called yellow. It can be safely attributed to the giants, since in the wild it grows up to 40 m.It is found along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. This is the owner of an elegant and lush shape with fan-shaped shoots. The cones of the plant are spherical, the seeds ripen late, which leads to confusion: the tree is mistaken for a cypress. The bark is brownish-gray, the needles are dark green. All representatives are distinguished by their thermophilicity. A characteristic feature is the unpleasant smell of pounded needles.
- Glauka is a narrow-conical cypress tree with a height of 15 to 20 m. The width is about 6 m. The needles are scaly, prickly, their shade is greenish-blue. The bark is gray-brown, prone to flaking. The crown is spreading with strong shoots, the ends of which gracefully droop down over time. In the first 10 years it grows up to 3 m. Suitable for decorating the front areas of the site, slopes, retaining walls.
- Pendula (weeping) is a long-liver, drought-resistant. It has hanging branches, grows up to 30-40 m. The root system is superficial, sensitive to soil compaction. Under favorable conditions, Chamaecyparis Pendula gives an average annual growth of 15 cm.
- Jubilee is a weeping 2.5-meter tree with long branches hanging neatly downward. Prefers lighted areas, does not tolerate sandy soils.
All the details about the selection of seedlings in the video.
Medicinal use
For medicinal purposes, cones are used, collected during their ripening process, when they are still green.
Thanks to flavonols, cypress cone products improve the metabolism in the vessels, reducing the swelling of their walls. The plant has properties that contribute to the enrichment of the air space around itself with a variety of bioactive substances, thereby providing antimicrobial effect. As a result, the air can be cleared of harmful microorganisms by 56%. For chronic lung diseases, the plant can provide excellent therapeutic benefits.
The active substances, as mentioned above, have an excellent effect on the walls of blood vessels, therefore, remedies from cypress cones are successfully used in the treatment of severity in the limbs. They are recommended for hemorrhoids and varicose veins. It should be noted that for greater efficiency, cypress cones are combined with horse chestnut and witch hazel. Decoctions from plant cones are effective and as a local bath for gout.
Spread
Cypress trees grow in the wild in subtropical and tropical temperatures. Plants are thermophilic, so wild crops do not live in temperate climates. However, today several indoor varieties and hybrids have been bred, which are actively grown in northern latitudes.
The habitat is considered to be North America, the Caucasus, the Sahara and the Himalayas. Wild specimens are native to China and Oregon. You can also grow wild cypresses in Russia - in the Crimea and Sevastopol.The habitat of the plant is also the Mediterranean. Cultures are found throughout Syria and Libya. Hybrid varieties are grown everywhere.
Cypresses are thermophilic crops that grow in the wild on the outskirts of rivers and coastal zones. The plant is cultivated in the form of alleys, as well as individual ornamental trees. The culture is not picky about the soil, fertility and a sufficient amount of nutrients are not important for it.
Active substances
The main feature of cypress cones is that they contain proanthocyanidins, which are an effective remedy for venous insufficiency. These active substances belong to tannins (catechol derivatives). Molecules of substances can combine both in two (dimers) and in larger quantities - polymers. Only polymers are tannins. However, both dimers and oligomers are of wide interest in the prevention of heart and vascular diseases.
As a rule, for the production of infusions, powders and extracts, cones are harvested while still green. Of these, the pharmaceutical industry produces tablets, solutions and gelatin capsules. They are also used in the manufacture of cosmetics (ointments and gels for external use).
Cypress cones contain not only proanthocyanidins, but also flavonoids, which also effectively act on the tone of blood vessels, improving blood circulation. The plant contains both essential oil and diterpenic acids in relatively small amounts.
Content
- 1. Description 1.1. Popular varieties and varieties
Cypress belongs to the Cypress family (Cupressaceae). The genus includes 14 varieties of evergreen trees and shrubs.
In the ancient world, Cypress was considered a tree of death, dedicated to the deities of the afterlife. Cypress branches were used by the Hellenes and Romans in ritual mourning ceremonies. In Christian symbolism, the plant, on the other hand, represents eternal life and rebirth. According to one version, it was from Cupressus that Noah made his ark.
It comes from California, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, in a moderately warm climate.
Contraindications
It is also important to note that until now there is no information about the toxic effects of cypress preparations on the human body, even with prolonged treatment.
However, the use of drugs for children under 12 years old, lactating and pregnant women, as well as those suffering from cancer and mastopathy is prohibited. They are undesirable for people with thrombophlebitis and with increased blood clotting, as well as for patients in a state after a heart attack. Cypress can not be used with individual intolerance, in the presence of an allergic reaction.
Interesting facts about Cupressus
Cupressus is valued for its decorative properties and numerous beneficial properties. The wood of the plant is used in the construction of residential buildings, ships and the production of furniture sets. It is durable thanks to its resin and natural fungicide content. All kinds of wooden decorations, souvenirs and ritual utensils are made from Cypress.
Essential oil of Cupressus helps with spasmodic syndrome, rheumatism, headaches, is used as an effective natural antiseptic. It is a part of cosmetic preparations, has a relaxing and tonic effect.
Editorial staff
Diseases and pests
Cupressus get sick with gray rot, brown shute, rust, bacterial cancer, Alternaria, Fusarium, necrosis, and other fungal and bacterial infections. For the prevention and treatment of such diseases, fungicides are needed: Bordeaux mixture, HOM, Abiga-Peak, Fundazol, Alirin-B.
To completely eliminate the possibility of infection, it is advisable to treat the soil for Cypress with fungicides.
Dangerous pests of Cupressus include scale insects, mealybugs, spider mites, and aphids. Acaricides will be able to cope with ticks: Aktara, Aktellik, Vermitic. Harmful insects will be expelled by the means described in the article: "Insecticides: help in the fight against pests."
Dull-leaved - endemic to the Japanese islands
Dull cypress, or dull-leaved, is of Japanese origin. In the wild, the trunk gains a girth of up to 2 m. The height in the natural environment is up to 50 m. It is distinguished by a light brown smooth bark, branches strongly branch and tilt downwards. The needles are pressed against the stems. The species can be identified by the special color of the needles: from above it is shiny, green or yellow-green, from below it is covered with white stripes. There are about 130 varieties, usually not adapted to cold winters.
On the plots, you can most often find:
- Sanderi is a dwarf form of a dull-leaved species. The branches of this representative are straight, horizontal, differing in uneven thickness. The bluish-green crown takes on a purple hue in winter. It develops slowly.
- Erica is a slow-growing dwarf (1.3 m). It has a wide pyramidal shape. Lush branches, covered with bluish needles.
Among all the variety of species, it is worth noting the mourning cypress, the favorite of many Formosan. The description of outlandish hybrids can be found in special catalogs and select an instance to taste, taking into account the characteristics of your garden.
Video about using different varieties to decorate flower beds.
7 Interesting References to Cypress in Mythology and Religion
The respectable old age of the graceful pine culture is the reason for the huge number of legends and traditions associated with it. Besides interesting myths, cypress is mentioned in religious books. Some customs and traditions in different countries are associated with it.
The ancient Greeks depicted a cypress branch next to the god Pluto
1In many cultures, it symbolizes grief and sorrow. In all myths and legends, sadness was expressed through him. Perhaps the reason for this is the gloomy color of the foliage, which shimmers in all shades of gray and dark green.
2There is an ancient Roman legend about the son of King Keos named "Cypress". While hunting, he accidentally killed his beloved golden-horned deer and began to languish with boredom. No longer having the strength to endure grief, he turned to the gods with a request to turn him into a tree.
3According to another legend, a beautiful girl came to the seaside every day, waiting for her beloved, who went on a journey. Years passed, and he still did not return. Over time, the unfortunate woman took root in the coastal rock and turned into a graceful tree.
4Due to its majestic appearance, long lifespan and associations with sadness, the plant is often planted in cemeteries in Japan, North America, and China.
5In ancient Greece, a coniferous branch was depicted next to Pluto, the god of the underworld and death. The plant was placed in tombs, planted on the graves. Houses immersed in mourning were marked with a cypress wreath.
6The Christian religion interpreted its purpose differently. They considered the pine as a sign of eternal life, purity, longevity. She was one of the inhabitants of the Garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve sinned.
7 There is a theory that gopher wood is a cypress culture. It was from it that the Ark was built, on which Noah, together with his family and all living creatures, was saved from the flood. The basis of the assumption is the mention of a fragrant pine resin, with which Noah covered the cracks and gaps in the ship to prevent leaks.
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Wintering
In order to preserve the species of cypress trees during the winter, additional care of the crop is required. It is necessary to carefully prepare the culture for the dormant period.So, with the onset of autumn, gradually reduce the number of irrigations, completely eliminating them by frost. Indoor plants are watered once a week for the entire dormant period.
Cypress trees, even easily tolerating frost, must be covered for the entire dormant period. Any nonwoven fabric can be used as a treetop cover. The roots also need to be insulated by overlapping the soil near the cypress with spruce branches or a layer of dry foliage. In winter, snow is piled and compacted under the base of the culture to form thermal insulation. The top of the tree is also left covered with snow, however, preventing damage to the branches by the weight of snowdrifts. To prevent the trunk from falling and breaking under the weight of snowdrifts, the branches are tied together, and the plant is propped up with wooden branches.
In the spring, the shelters are removed, the foliage from under the plant is removed. After the onset of heat, dry branches that have not survived the winter are removed. With the right approach, with the onset of spring, you can see the appearance of new fruits on the cypresses.
Cypress - the closest relative of the cypress
In indoor pots, flower growers often breed representatives of a different genus from this family. We are talking about cypress trees, which are more unpretentious, therefore, they are more common. Both genera are very similar to each other in appearance, but the cypress is characterized by flatter branches and a fluffy crown.
Since both genera are from the same family, the principles of care and breeding methods are absolutely identical. Biologists have identified 7 species and more than 250 cypress cultivars.
Consider the most popular home-grown ones:
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Lawson Elwoody
Lawson Elwoody Common cultivar for growing in indoor pots. An adult representative looks like a tall, lush shrub with a crown in the form of a regular cone. The color of the needles is blue, gray, green. Does not reach a height of more than 2 - 2.5 m.
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Pea
Pea Japanese variety with a chic, openwork tent-shaped crown. The branches grow horizontally. The color of the bark is reddish, the foliage is blue-green.
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Goldcrest Wilma
Goldcrest Wilma The appearance resembles a small, neat herringbone with light green, fluffy needles. The variety feels great in any soil, is resistant to drought, frost, shade-tolerant. The specimen grows slowly, lives for a very long time.
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Stupid
Stupid Luxurious plant with branched stems, very densely located on the trunk. The crown is shaggy, terry, rich green, the leaves are tightly pressed to the branches. The upper stems sag from the weight.
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Tuyuvidny
Tuyuvidny Leaves of a dark green or gray color stick around the branches, like small scales. The tree is tall, has a narrow pyramidal shape.
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Nutkansky
Nutkansky Another name is Yellow. The color of the needle-shaped leaves shimmers with shades of green and brown, and in the sun it appears yellow. The branches stretch upward and open in the form of a fan. The crown apex is voluminous, fluffy.
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Infusion and decoction recipes
How to use? Here are some recipes:
- Infusion of cypress cones for the treatment of vein disease. One tablespoon of crushed raw materials is poured into a glass of boiling water and infused. It is consumed between meals or before meals (2-4 glasses a day).
- Cones decoction for external use. 1/3 of the volume of the bucket with cones is filled with water until the top layer of the cones is completely covered. The whole mass is boiled for 15 minutes, then cooled to 40 ° C. It is used in the form of baths.
Cypress in Russia
On the lands of Russia, cypress was noted in ancient times, when Greek settlers brought it in small quantities to the Crimean peninsula. It is also known that in ancient Georgia, at the palace gardens and parks, places of honor were assigned to him. In later periods, the spread of the cypress was greatly facilitated by the spread of Christianity. The tree has become an invariable companion of religious buildings, cathedrals and churches as a symbol of eternal life and hope for revival.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, many already knew what a cypress tree looks like. Field Marshal G.A. Potemkin gave an order to increase the planting of an exotic tree, the seedlings of which were shipped from Turkey in 1787. There is a version that during the trip of Catherine II to the Crimea, she personally participated in the planting of cypresses in the Vorontsov Garden.
