For the northern regions of Russia, thanks to breeders, many winter-hardy varieties of apple trees have been bred.
But every gardener on a personal plot wants to achieve not only the survival rate of an apple tree, but also reap a good harvest even in the most unfavorable year... Below will be given a description and photo of this variety.
The Bashkir beauty variety is winter-hardy and is highly valued in Bashkiria for the annual fruiting of delicious apples. But is it suitable for our climatic conditions?
Historical background
The apple tree "Bashkir beauty" (description, photo, reviews are presented below) was bred at the beginning of the last century. This variety has a long history. She appeared as a result of folk selection. The original name of this apple tree cannot be established for certain.
The tree received its present name back in 1928. It was invented by Sterlyaev, an employee of the pomology station. He was the first to compile a detailed description of this variety. Since that time, "Bashkir Beauty" has been included in the register of orchard crops.
It is known that the first introduced variety began to be grown on an industrial scale back in 1886. Nowadays, on the lands where fruit trees were planted, there is the Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Bashkiria. In its homeland, the apple tree is very popular. Here "Bashkir Beauty" occupies 25% of the area occupied by apple orchards. Also, the presented culture is grown in the Kirov and Moscow regions. She feels well in the climate of Tatarstan, the Volga region, the Orenburg region.
Description
The description of the apple tree "Bashkir beauty", the photo of which is presented below, should be found out before starting cultivation. The crown of this tree has a rounded shape with an average number of leaves. The first fruits appear on the branches at the 5th or 6th year of growth.
Over time, the crown transforms into a wide pyramidal shape. The branches become spreading. This plant is medium-sized. With the stem, skeletal branches can grow together almost at an angle of 90º.
The bark of the apple tree has a smooth structure. It is characterized by a brown color with a slight green tint. The plant is an early winter variety. The shoots of the tree are straight and rounded. They are slightly drooping, covered with dark brown bark. The tops of the shoots descend during the growth process. They have a very light shade. This is due to the presence of white pile. This is a characteristic feature of this variety.
External characteristics of the tree
Among the apple trees, the Bashkir beauty variety is recognizable by many for its abundant, whitish color, pushing of the apical shoots.
Barrel height
The variety is considered medium-sized. The tree grows up to six meters.
Crown size
The young apple tree has a rounded crown. Over time, it becomes pyramidal, with medium thickening. The branches are at right angles.
Root system
An adult tree has powerful roots extending four meters deep into the ground.
Flowering and fruits
The apple tree "Bashkir beauty" has medium-sized buds. Their shape resembles a cone. The leaves on the branches are wide, dark green in color. Apple blossoms are renowned for their beauty. The flowers are large. Their petals are pale pink.
The fruit can be categorized as medium in size. Their weight reaches about 130-150 g. Fruits have a smooth skin. The shape of the apples is correct.The skin is quite dense, has a slight oily bloom. During the harvest season, apples of a greenish tint with a red or pink blush are removed from the branches.
When the fruit is fully ripe, it takes on a whitish color. Its sides have a bright blush with pronounced stripes. There are few subcutaneous points. The flesh of the apples is white. It has a medium density. Apples are very juicy, sweet and sour taste. The yield of the variety is very high. He tolerates the vicissitudes of the climate, frost well. Has an average disease resistance.
Subspecies of culture
Thanks to selection, two subspecies of the Bashkir Beauty variety appeared. Summer apple tree with early ripening and late.
Summer
The apple tree is undersized, broadly branched. After transplanting to a permanent place of growth, it begins to bear fruit after two years. Fruit picking takes place at the end of summer. The apples are sweet and sour, with an unobtrusive aroma. The quality of the fruit depends on the care.
Benefits
The apple tree "Bashkir beauty" has many advantages. The description of the variety speaks of the tree's resistance to frost and bad weather. Even young trees adapt well to various growing conditions and survive in an unfavorable environment. A distinctive feature of this apple tree is its low soil requirements.
Even after severe damage or freezing, the tree quickly recovers. The fruits are distinguished not only by their high taste. The yield of an adult tree is about 80 kg. At the same time, the fruits have a presentation, they are not afraid of transportation. The fruits can be stored for up to 120 days without losing their appearance.
Many new varieties are being developed on the basis of this variety. The tree is resistant to a large number of pests and diseases. However, the apple tree cannot cope with some of them on its own. Periodically, it has to be processed with special compounds.
Autumn ripening varieties
Autumn apples are harvested in September, they are able to retain their properties for 2-3 months.
You will see the first results of your labor in 4-6 years. The ripening time for apples falls at the beginning of autumn, they are stored for up to one and a half months. The harvest of the Urals is constant, increasing every year.
The apples of this variety are beautiful and tasty, but small, covered with a waxy coating. They have a creamy color with a blush. The apple tree resists scab and rot, but the moth is dangerous for it.
This is the oldest variety bred for the Urals zone. Due to its increased winter hardiness, it is still considered the best in these latitudes.
The name speaks for itself - apples serve as a source for making high quality juices. Sokovoe-3 variety is fast-growing, fruits appear 3-4 years after planting. Ripen at the beginning of autumn and can lie without loss of quality from 90 to 120 days. Brings a rich harvest every year.
Fruits are medium in size or small, flat-round, pink-striped, sweet and sour in taste. Apple trees have high winter hardiness, they are not infected with scab.
Ural Nalivnoe
The crop appears in 2-3 year old apple trees. The ripening period of the fruits falls in mid-September, but even overripe fruits do not crumble. It retains its properties for two months. The variety Ural'skoe bulk has stable fruiting, which increases every year, so the branches often break.
The apples are small, becoming smaller in the following years. They are yellow-green in color with subcutaneous punctures and have a characteristic aroma. In the taste, in addition to juiciness and tenderness, there is sweetness with sourness. The advantage of the variety is its excellent winter hardiness in the Urals. The disadvantage is the tendency to scab in high humidity conditions.
This variety has large pods, yellow in color with blurred red stripes. They ripen by mid-September, keeping quality is 2-3 months.Blush apples are sweet and sour in taste, with a high content of juice. Advantages - abundant fruiting, good tolerance to low temperatures, resistance to diseases, including scab.
You will see fruits on these apple trees 5 years after vaccination. Ripening time is early fall, you can store them until mid-winter. A high constant yield is characteristic. The fruit is beautiful, but small, red-pink. Their distinguishing feature is a swollen funnel. The pulp is sweet and sour, tender, juicy and aromatic, prickly.
The Ekrannoe apple tree has good winter hardiness, but it is susceptible to scab disease, so special care is needed. The crop is well transported.
Winter fruits ripen before the first frost, usually at the end of September or in the first half of October. Most often they are used for blanks, since they can lie until spring.
Gornoaltaiskoe
This apple tree wakes up early, so it is ideal for areas where spring comes late. The fruits are picked at the end of summer. It is better not to delay the collection, as they are overripe. It is better to use or process them right away, since their keeping quality is small - only a month.
Yields at Gornoaltaiskiy are average, there is no periodicity. The bright red apples of this variety are small, sweet and sour, with a spicy flavor and special juiciness. During long rainy periods, the peel cracks, which affects transportability and shelf life. The variety is frost resistant. If it freezes at an ultra-low temperature, it quickly recovers. Does not get sick with scab, even with heavy rainfall.
This variety is one of the best. The fruits ripen in the first month of autumn. For storage, they are harvested at the end of August. Plucked later - tastier, but will lie only until the beginning of winter.
The fruit is small, fragrant, amber-yellow, with a characteristic sweet-sour astringent taste. Apple-tree Amber is distinguished by increased resistance to frosts of the Urals, well resists diseases and rot, but is affected by the moth.
Fruits on these trees will appear late - from 6-7 years. They ripen in mid-September and are stored for about six months. The Persian woman bears fruit annually. The apples are large, with a striped blush on the main part. The pulp is juicy, but harsh. The trees are quite frost-hardy, but scab infection is possible.
Snowdrop
The apple tree is dwarf, reaching only two meters. Differs in early maturity, you will see the first fruits from 3 or 4 years old. Collection time falls at the beginning of autumn. They are stored for quite a long time - about 4 months. This variety usually has good yields, which is why the branches need support. It bears fruit every season, but this quality is lost over time. The apples are medium in size, light yellow, juicy, with a light aroma.
Snowdrop is resistant to adverse conditions, with the exception of drought. Since water scarcity affects the quality of the fruit, additional watering is necessary during dry times. Has scab resistance.
Due to the specific climatic conditions of the Urals, gardeners need to adhere to certain rules for growing apple trees and carefully choose their varieties. Thanks to the work of breeders, many of them have been bred for this region. A distinctive feature is the ability to withstand low temperatures. Knowing these features, you can grow a rich and varied crop.
VEM souvenir
Not susceptible to scab. Fruits ripening in autumn are covered with a speckled-striped pattern, juicy and pleasant to the taste. The consumption period is from September to December. Trees are of moderate growth.
Screen
People's favorite variety of autumn-winter ripening. Winter-hardy trees have a valuable quality: the main branches extend from the trunk at almost right angles. The apples are medium-sized, 90-100 grams, pinkish, juicy, have a very good sweet and sour taste.These apples, after the removal of the tree in September, can be stored until the New Year and more.
Anis sverdlovsky
A variety of a well-known variety. Very winter-hardy. The apples are round, medium in size and dazzlingly beautiful with their bright red blush. And the taste of the juicy pulp is wonderful. Harvest in September, and you can consume it until December. Of the minuses - a tendency to scab.
Juice-3
A productive autumn variety with medium-sized tasty fruits. The apples are pinkish, sweet and sour, very juicy with crispy flesh. Good for juicing. It is worth noting the great winter hardiness, constant yield of this variety, as well as such an important quality as scab resistance.
Danila
This new variety is not at all susceptible to scab disease. Danila's trees are quite tall, with a comfortable crown, they tolerate frosty winters well. The fruits are large, up to 160 g, yellow, somewhat elongated, with a very pleasant sweet and sour taste, ripen in September and can be consumed until March.
Juice-2
We love them for their beautiful and tasty fruits. Although they are small, only 30 grams, they have an excellent taste, and are also rich in vitamins. These apples are indispensable for making juices, and other blanks are obtained from them anywhere!
Features of fruiting
The apple tree "Bashkir beauty" is characterized by certain features of growth and fruiting. The description of the variety allows you to decide on the possibility of its cultivation in various climatic conditions. The tree feels great in the middle lane. In this climate, the plant blooms at the end of May.
Under normal conditions, the fruits fully ripen by the end of August. If the summer was rainy or cold, the crop is harvested in early September. If the summer is hot, dry, it is necessary to ensure adequate watering. Otherwise, the fruits will begin to crumble not yet ripe.
It is a self-fertile tree. Pollinating varieties should grow nearby. The best options in this case are "Antonovka" and "Seedling Titovka". In this case, the fruits will be tasty, and the yield will be plentiful. Preventive spraying is carried out periodically.
What varieties of apple trees are better to plant in Bashkiria
Apples on the tree
It has been noticed that wild apple trees can bear fruit for up to 150 years. Garden varietal trees are much smaller (on average 30 years). Local zoned varieties turn out to be more durable, so the Bashkir handsome variety for Bashkortostan is an excellent choice that will ensure a long life for gardens.
Other recommended apple trees for Bashkiria (varieties):
It is they who will grow best in this region and bring a stable harvest, but this does not mean that others are strictly forbidden to plant. By and large, you can grow anything you want, the main thing is to provide proper care (watering, pruning, protection from diseases and pests, shelter for the winter, if necessary).
Choosing a landing site
The apple variety "Bashkirskaya krasavitsa" is characterized by good survival rate. Young saplings develop rapidly and strengthen on the ground. It is important to pay sufficient attention to the choice of a landing site and its preparation. In this case, you can grow a strong, healthy tree, which after 5 years will delight you with a bountiful harvest.
Not knowing the nuances of the cultivation process of the presented apple variety, you can harm immature trees. If you choose the wrong place for planting, the plant will die. Even a strong, healthy seedling will not be able to take root in swampy soil.
It is better to choose a location on an area where groundwater flows far from the surface of the earth. In this case, the roots of the apple tree will stretch downward. The roots will seek moisture.This can save the plant in very cold winters. Soil type does not play a big role for this tree. The gardener must properly prepare the planting site.
Suitable growing regions
In outskirts of Moscow
Climatic conditions in the Moscow region for fruit-bearing trees are rather scarce.
Winters are long with severe frosts, while summers are rather hot.
To grow an apple tree of the Bashkir beauty in this region, you need to know several features:
- The seedling is planted in a windy place.
- In the hot summer period, watered abundantly.
- In order for the tree to survive the harsh winter, it is fed with fertilizers in the fall and the trunk is insulated.
In the middle lane
The climate in the middle zone is moderately continental. Winter is snowy and summer is cloudy and rainy.
The Bashkir beauty is adapted to frost and, with proper care, can bear fruit in this region of Russia every year.
Although the apple tree is considered moisture-loving, when planting in the middle lane, its correct location should be taken into account.
The place for planting the seedling does not allow a distance to groundwater of less than 3 meters. The best site would be a small hill, where water does not stagnate from torrential rains.
During development, the plant requires careful agrotechnical work.
A good harvest is ensured by correct agrotechnical measures.
In the Urals
Despite the difficult climate of the Urals, with proper planting, the Bashkir beauty will bear fruit for more than a dozen years. Planting is carried out in early spring.
For a good survival rate of this variety, they dig a hole in the fall, add fertilizers:
- Superphosphate,
- Calcium chloride,
- Peat.
After the end of winter, a three-year-old seedling is planted in a prepared place, carefully handling the roots:
- When falling asleep, the seedling is shaken slightly so that the earth fills all the voids in the rhizome.
- Then the soil is tamped so that the root collar is 3 cm above ground level.
- Further, for watering, a hole is made around the seedling.
- Water the apple tree with 2 buckets of water.
- After the moisture is absorbed, the planting site is mulched with ground straw.
With proper planting in the Urals, dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks of the Bashkir beauty can grow.
Important! The seedling should not be younger than 3 years of age, otherwise it may not take root.
The apple orchard, from which the Bashkir handsome man comes, was laid by the landowner Topornin on an estate near Ufa. At the end of the 19th century, the estate was sold to the merchant Gribushin. He renewed the garden with new saplings. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the revolution, on the basis of an old noble estate, a center for the study and selection of Bashnarkomzem apple trees was created.
No one knows the exact names of the varieties of trees in the garden. Therefore, the new owners, describing them, came up with their own names. So, the most common type of apple trees became the Bashkir handsome. Fruits on an apple tree Bashkir handsome, you will pick even after a cold winter
The first mentions of the Bashkir Krasavets apple variety date back to the 19th century. On an industrial scale, the hybrid began to be grown at the end of the 19th century, in 1886. As a fruit tree, the variety was registered by the breeder Strelyaev V.P. in 1928. Since this year, the apple tree has been given a name, before that the hybrid was unnamed. Currently, the Bashkirskaya Krasavitsa variety is grown both on an industrial scale and on personal plots.
Medium tree. The height of the apple tree is about 4-5 m. The crown is medium thickened, pyramidal in shape. Spreading branches. Branches in relation to the trunk grow at an angle of 90 degrees. The annual growth is about 10-15 cm.
Life span
The tree has a lifespan of about 40-50 years. The older the tree, the lower the yield.
All about fruiting
Before purchasing a seedling, it is important to study all the characteristics related to fruiting and yield.
The Bashkirskaya Krasavitsa variety adapts well to any climatic conditions.
In outskirts of Moscow
The climate of the Moscow region is well suited for growing Bashkirskaya Krasavitsa apple trees. Due to the mild winter and warm summer, the tree blooms quickly in spring, and the harvest ripens in August.
In the middle lane
The climate of the middle lane is excellent for this variety.
In the Urals
In the Urals, the climate is harsher than in the middle zone. Due to frosty winters, the tree can freeze slightly. But it quickly recovers, and this does not in any way affect the yield of the apple tree.
Landing
The apple tree "Bashkir beauty" must be properly planted in the ground. Holes must be prepared in advance. This procedure is performed a month before planting seedlings in the ground. During this time, the soil will have time to settle. A nutritious pillow, which is necessarily brought to the bottom of the hole, will have time to partially dissolve, soak the soil.
You need to apply the correct set of fertilizers to the bottom of the hole. For this, wood ash (400 g), superphosphate (10 tablespoons), humus (2 buckets), potassium sulfate (100 g) are poured onto the ground.
When the seedlings are installed in the holes, they are sprinkled with earth and watered. In the first year, the trunk must be tied to a support. This will save the fragile tree from the wind.
The root collar cannot be exposed. After creating a small mound from the ground, it is watered abundantly. Mulching is desirable. In the next two years, you need to weed the land around the seedling, remove weeds.
Care features
The apple tree "Bashkir beauty" needs proper care. This significantly increases the yield. The nutrient pad that was applied to the bottom of the planting pit will deplete after about a year.
The next year after planting in the spring, you need to add a urea solution to the soil. For this, 2 tbsp. spoons are mixed with a bucket of water. At the beginning of summer, you need to make complex preparations to build up the green mass of the plant. In the fall, the tree must be properly prepared for winter. Potassium-phosphorus fertilizers are suitable for this. It is impossible to fertilize the seedling with nitrogen at this time.
In subsequent years, gardeners carry out tree feeding 4 times a year. Before each application of nutrients, the soil is watered. Care should be taken to ensure that the soil near the apple tree does not dry out. Waterlogging is also a negative factor. If the area is damp, it is necessary to provide for the availability of high-quality drainage.
Gardeners reviews
Gardeners leave a lot of positive reviews about the Bashkir beauty apple tree. To get a bountiful harvest, you need to make some effort. You need to fertilize the tree in a timely manner. During the flowering period, the number of buds must be thinned out. Small and weak flowers are removed. It is especially important to do this in the first few flowering plants.
In this case, 1-2 ovaries should remain in each bunch. Otherwise, the fruits will take too much strength from the young tree. Only when it gets stronger will it be possible not to carry out this procedure.
This tree is known for its delicious fruits. It has good immunity. Therefore, many gardeners grow "Bashkir beauty" on their site. She has been pleasing her owners with abundant harvests for many years. This is a hardy, unpretentious plant. It is for this reason that it is grown everywhere today.
Having considered the features of the "Bashkir Beauty" apple tree, every gardener will be able to grow it correctly. This is an unpretentious variety. With proper care, you can significantly increase its yield. The taste of apples, their presentation and long-term storage allow the cultivation of the species on an industrial scale.
Winter varieties
?Persian
Large fruits, beautiful appearance - bright carmine blush, crispy, juicy pulp with an excellent sweet and sour taste - all this made Persianka a popular and widespread variety of apples. Of the minuses - in damp years it can get sick with scab.
Beauty of Sverdlovsk
Beauty among apples! Taste, size, appearance, ability to long-term storage - make this variety one of the best. Fruits are large: 160 grams and up to 200-250 grams, regular shape, bright red, with juicy, crumbling pulp and wonderful taste. Ripening in September, they are stored until April-May. To obtain large yields, competent pruning at a young age is required.
Good news
Derived from the Beauty of Sverdlovsk, inheriting all of its best qualities and gaining in addition immunity to all races of scab. Only the fruits of the Good News are smaller, about 100 grams, taste, juiciness, quality of the pulp - all the rest is of the same excellent quality as that of the father's variety. The fruits are harvested at the end of September, and they can lay until the next harvest.
