Severyanka (Severyanka red-cheeked) was bred through hybridization of 2 varieties in 1959 by P.N. Yakovlev. Grusha Severyanka, the description and photo, the plants of which are given below, were bred specifically for the northern regions, from which, in fact, it got its name. Today the pear is widespread in the Ural region.
What kind of pear does it belong to?
This is one of early summer varieties.
Severyanka very early fruiting... The harvest can already be obtained for 2-4 years.
Summer pear varieties also include: Duchess, Tonkovotka, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka from Michurinsk and Severyanka Krasnoschekaya.
Diseases and pests
Severyanka pear is highly resistant to diseases and pests, in particular, to scab. The most common diseases:
... It is transmitted through insects. Can spread from tree to seedlings. Does not respond to treatment. The infected tree is uprooted, then burned.
Mycoplasma disease- Fruit rot... It manifests itself as brown spots on the surface of pears. Their diameter gradually increases. For treatment, chlorine copper and Bordeaux liquid are used. If you do not fight the disease, there is a risk of losing the entire crop.
- Bacterial burn... It occurs due to freezing of the deciduous part of the plant. For treatment, it is necessary to treat the crown with antibiotics every 5 days. When caring for an infected plant, tools should be wiped with boric acid to avoid transmission of infection to other trees.
When fighting plant diseases and pests, it is necessary to remove parts of the tree that have been infested. Branches, fruits, leaves, on which there are traces of the habitat of parasites, are burned. In order to prevent the appearance of diseases, to reduce the risk of mass reproduction of pests, it is necessary to timely feed and water, sanitary pruning, and treat trees with Bordeaux liquid 2 times a year.
Breeding history and breeding region
In 1959, at the Michurin Institute, Svetlyanka grade, the distribution of which began immediately after the control tests.
The very good recovery of the variety after the cold Siberian winter was its main advantage. But the work continued, and in the end received Severyanka, an improved version of the Firefly.
The variety was received by P.N. Yakovlev when crossing the two: Clapp's Favorite and Koperechka number 12... The work was carried out at the selection station in Chelyabinsk... The originally bred variety was called "Seedling Yakovlev No. 103" in honor of its creator.
Then this variety began to be called the Severyanka Yakovleva pear, because it was intended for the regions of the North, and later began to be called simply Severyanka. Although these varieties of pears still remain popular in the Urals, but their new industrial plantings are no longer found.
At this time, Severyanka is almost never used in production either. The value of this variety fell sharply due to the emergence of new, more productive varieties.
Therefore, he, like his predecessors, is found only in private gardens in Siberia... We especially love the pear variety Severyanka among gardeners Bashkiria, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions for high winter hardiness, then a description of all the characteristics of the variety and photos of the fruits.
For planting in the Siberian regions of the Russian Federation, the varieties Svarog, Tema, Krasnobokaya, Krasulya and Lada are suitable.
Reviews of summer residents
- Severyanka has been growing in our country house for 7 or 8 years. We have never had problems with yields or diseases and pests. Yes, every spring, before flowering, we carry out preventive treatment of trees and in autumn we carefully remove the foliage. The pears of this variety are tender and tasty.
- I like this variety the most for its tasty and juicy fruits. I do not like hard or tart pears, and it is also annoying if the pear has these characteristic blotches of its own, like little pebbles. Severyanka has a slightly dense and tender flesh. We are happy to eat with the whole family. And the yield of the variety is good, so we eat it, and with the whole family, we also cook jam and store a little in the cellar.
- I like Severyanka because even in our cold climate a good harvest barks every year. There are not many tasty varieties of fruit trees suitable for growing in the northern regions, but pears are lucky. Severyanka not only produces tasty fruits that you can eat and process, preserving nutrients for the winter, but also tolerates winter and spring frosts well.
Description of the Severyanka variety
Consider separately the appearance of the tree and the fruit.
Wood
Plant low, with a wide-pyramidal crown of medium density, there are also almost round shapes. Growing fast. The color of the leaves is dark green.
They have a slightly pointed tip, resembling an inverted egg in shape.
The petioles are also green and short in color. The stipules are saber-shaped.
In the inflorescence it happens up to 6 flowers. The petals are even, white, the flower has the shape of a small saucer.
Fetus
The fruits ripen medium sizes from 80 to 100 grams. They grow not one-dimensional, truncated-conical in shape. During the harvest period are greenish-yellowthen they gradually become juicy yellow, a little green. The skin is not rough, but firm enough.
The pulp is also quite dense, juicy creamy, slightly aromatic, sweet, with a slight sour aftertaste, impatient.
There are few seeds, they are brown, large, located in small seed chambers.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
- The advantages of Severyanka are:
- frost resistance - suitable for cultivation in areas with cold summers;
- early ripeness - the fruits have time to ripen in a short summer;
- compactness of the tree - can be grown in small areas and planted close to each other;
- average yield;
- immunity to diseases and parasites.
- The disadvantages of this variety are as follows:
- high and fast crumbling of fruits during ripening;
- exactingness to regular watering;
- small fruit size;
- low taste - the absence of light pear astringency, insufficient sweetness and aroma;
- short storage times;
- poor transportability.
Photo
Characteristics
With careful care and proper watering pear yield is about 45-60 kg. Under favorable weather conditions in summer, one tree can collect and up to 100 kg.
Severyanka is high-yielding variety... The first sign of full ripeness is the appearance of an even yellow color on the skin, but the seeds remain white. Fruits are not one-dimensional in size.
The beginning of pear harvesting falls on on the tenth of August and continues almost until the end of the month... By the end of this period, the flesh of the fruit is already brown.
Fruits that have reached full ripeness completely crumble from the tree within 2-3 days... Fruits are stored approximately 10 days in a cool room in wooden or wicker containers.
Experts recommend carrying out collection earlier for 5-7 days, to prevent fruit falling... And besides, the fruits harvested in advance are stored in a cold cellar or refrigerator for up to two months.
With self-pollination of this variety, only up to 30% of the fruits are tied. Therefore, this variety needs a pollinator.
Severyanka is useful to plant in the vicinity of the variety In memory of Yakovlev, which is the best option for her pollinator.
This variety has high winter hardiness and medium drought resistance. Cases were recorded in Ufa, when, during short-term frosts in 50 degrees, only young trees were completely frozen.
And with a prolonged decrease in temperature to -42 degrees, the aboveground part perished, but the trees quickly recovered. With a lack of moisture, the fruits become smaller, the taste gets worse, the harvest is delayed by one to two weeks.
Winter-hardy varieties of pears also include: Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Fairy, Quiet Don and Tatiana.
Growing pears
For Severyanka, loamy and sandy loam soils are more suitable. The groundwater level should be no higher than 2 m. The degree of crown illumination affects the quality of the crop.
Timing
Saplings are planted in spring from April to early May, in autumn - all October... In warm regions, they prefer to plant Severyanka in the fall.
Technology and agricultural engineering
The soil is prepared 7-14 days before planting. Prepare a pit 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.6 m in size. The fertile layer is mixed with 2-3 buckets of humus, superphosphate and potassium nitrate are added. A stake is driven into the center of the pit.
A pile of earth is poured onto the bottom. The seedling is placed on the south side of the support, the roots are straightened along the perimeter of the mound, and covered with soil. Control that the root collar is above ground level (5-7 cm). A hole is formed, 3-4 buckets of water are poured into it.
What is better to grow from
The easiest way to propagate the Severyanka pear is with ready-made seedlings purchased from the nursery. Experienced gardeners practice propagation by layering, seeds, cuttings.
Distance between trees
The crown of Severyanka is wide, the tree needs a large feeding area and bright lighting. There should be no structures, tall trees at a distance of less than 5 m from the trunk of the pear.
See also
Description and characteristics of Bere pear varieties, planting and care technologyRead
Planting and leaving
For planting this plant, you should choose sunny, sheltered from the wind. It is recommended to prepare the planting hole in advance, two to three weeks before the purchase of seedlings.
Lay at the bottom of the pit manure and humus... Its value will be 60 cm deep and about 90-100 cm wide.
The first pruning of the pear is done after planting. If the seedling has no skeletal branches at all, the plant has one shoot, preferably one cut at a height of 70-90 cm above the ground and preserve at least three developed buds.
This pruning option is done every spring for several years after the tree is planted.
Pears love moisture very much., and therefore watering is done several times in spring and summer.
Fertilized in the second year of the tree's life. For the winter you need be sure to insulate young trees due to the fact that they can suffer from the cold.
Watch the video of a pear pruning master class:
Rules for collecting and storing fruits
An active harvest takes place from August 10 to September. At the beginning of autumn, the pulp of the fruit darkens. A change in color is a signal of the need to quickly collect the remaining fruits, since after a few days the fruits will almost completely fall off.
If you plan to store the crop for a long time, you should not pick the fruits fully ripe. Ripe pears are stored for about 10 days, provided that the room temperature is kept cool. It is advisable to harvest 7 days before fully ripening. In this case, pears can be stored for up to 2 months or longer. Arrange the fruits in wooden containers, do not allow mechanical stress on them. Pears can be stored in the cellar and the lower compartments of the refrigerator.
