What business idea should you choose? Let's try to find the answer to this question. Many of us do not think about how food gets to our dinner table. We are not interested in where and how they were grown or produced, the main thing is the final result. We want to consume always fresh and high quality products. Live fish have always been in great demand among the population.
It's no secret that many men like to sit with a fishing rod by the pond, relax, fish, and making this hobby their business is a dream for many that can come true if you set a certain goal for yourself.
Fish business from scratch
It is possible to make fish farming a business, but before making a final decision, you need to study all the subtleties and pitfalls of this business.
Russia is a great country in which the fish industry is developed at an altitude. To be honest, several decades ago, our fish farming enterprises were among the best in the world. Unfortunately, many of them went bankrupt, unable to withstand the competition of foreign companies. Those that still continue to exist are unable to provide the country's population with the growing needs for live fish. Therefore, fish farming can be a good solution to the issue of supplying your region with these products.
The ideas of growing fish in artificially created reservoirs are not new, but they do not lose their relevance even today.
There are several directions in modern fish farming:
- fish farming in the pond. This method can be used to breed a wide variety of fish species;
- growing fish in the pool. This method is used to breed carp, pike, salmon, perch, bream and many others;
- cage culture. This method is most suitable for growing large fish;
- mini-ponds (barrels, baths) are also used by some entrepreneurs for fish farming;
Artificial fish pond
Choosing a suitable site
The plot on which you can make a fish pond may be located not only in small settlements or outside of them, but also in a large city on your own plot of land (if any). If it is not possible to dig a pond or pool, you can make a container from sheet iron.
The fish breeding and raising pond must be suitable for this purpose. The depth of the pond must be at least 150 cm... Its bottom should be free from peat or silt. Vegetation must be present in the reservoir, but within reasonable limits.
The business will be economically profitable only if the reservoir is suitable for all indicators not only for keeping fish, but also for growing it, selecting caviar and incubating young animals.
Fish pond device
When creating a fish pond, you should not focus on its sophistication and decor items. Do not forget that its main goal is to create comfortable conditions for keeping fish.
When building fish ponds, consider the following rules and guidelines:
- small ponds will require serious care, and large ponds will cost you dearly.Based on this, it follows that the optimal sizes are in the range of 30 - 50 sq. meters;
- one of the sections of the pond should be in the shade. In addition, it is worth knowing that in order for the pond not to be flooded during spring floods, it should not be located in low-lying areas;
- bottom topography - complex, with alternating shallow water with deep-water areas, with rapids and ledges of various sizes;
- to breed different types of fish, you will need a variety of soil.
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Fish farming equipment
The main equipment for fish farming is considered gravity filter... It is intended for filtering the pond. This is a hinged device that is quite easy to install, its cost does not exceed 5 thousand rubles.
In order for the fish not to suffocate in the water, it is necessary to use compressor.
Ultraviolet sterilizer prevent water bloom.
The rest of the equipment that you plan to use may differ depending on what kind of fish you will be raising. What equipment is needed and how to use it - the answer to these questions will be given directly by its manufacturer. Additional information can be obtained from courses and seminars on fish farming.
Required tools and materials
To create a pond, you will need a shovel or mini excavator to dig. It all depends on the amount of soil removed. You should also take care of the presence of a wheelbarrow.
Did you know? In Africa (the central part of the continent), the protopter lives - an amazing fish that is buried in silt during especially dry periods. Therefore, the locals go fishing not with rods, but with shovels.
From the materials you should purchase:
- sand;
- cement;
- hydromembrane;
- geotextile;
- stones;
- crushed stone;
- pebbles;
- plants.
How to breed fish in a pond? Growing technology
Fish in a pond usually grows for 1.5 - 2 years. During this time, she manages to gain sufficient mass. Growth and productivity are influenced by the quality of water, the amount of food and the climate zone in which the farm is located.
The fish can be raised both intensively and extensively.
- Extensive method - with it, the fish is not fed, it consumes natural food. Fish grows with minimal investment.
- Intensive method - in this case, the fish are fed and, in addition, a rich food base is created due to the reclamation of the reservoir.
Several technologies are known for intensive fish farming in a pond.
Traditional technology. It includes a 2 or 3 year growing cycle. Thus, carp and other herbivorous individuals are bred. The main disadvantage of this method is the multistage nature. Each technological operation is carried out in a special pond. Completion of each stage - water drainage. In the process of implementing this technology, fish are transplanted several times: from rearing ponds to wintering ponds, from wintering ponds to feeding ponds. All these transplants are fraught with numerous losses. Another disadvantage of this method is the laboriousness of the processes. This method can be effective only if a number of requirements are met, namely: the water must be constantly running, it must be technically aerated, and the pond must also be limy.
Continuous technology. She has recently enjoyed more popularity than the one discussed in paragraph 1. This method provides for the rearing of young stock up to a weight of 1 - 1.5 kg and the further keeping of fish without replanting for several years. In this case, you will need two ponds - fry and feeding.
Power features
In order for nutrition to be effective, it is necessary to know such factors as: the biological characteristics of a particular fish species, nutritional needs and the possibilities of their growth. The effectiveness of nutrition directly depends on the conditions of the environment in which the fish is located. Growth can be accelerated with protein-rich feeds.
The energy requirements of fish are relatively low. For an increase in body weight of 1 kg, food must contain at least 4500 kcal of energy. The fry have a great need for amino acids: arginine, leucine, lysine, valine, tryptophan, methionine, etc. If these amino acids are not enough in the food, the fish may lose appetite, as a result of which the growth rate will decrease. In addition, amino acid deficiencies can lead to disease.
The food should include fats of vegetable and animal origin. An insufficient amount of them will lead to the fact that the fish will stop growing, there will be a disorder of physiological functions and watering of tissues, and irreparable changes in the liver may also occur.
Food must contain fiber. Its content is different for different types of fish. For salmon and trout, the smallest amount is required - 20%. In feed for carp and catfish, it should be at least 40%.
Fish feed must contain biologically active substances. These can be premixes and enzyme preparations. Food of plant origin (cereals) is a source of carbohydrates and B vitamins. Bran should be included in the composition of fish food mixtures.
An essential component of a complete feed is animal feed. This is meat and bone and krill meal. For young animals, you need to use dairy products: dry return and dry milk with a low fat content.
Possible diseases
A big risk in raising fish in a pond is its disease, which can turn into epidemics. The condition of the fish should be monitored every 10 days. The most common diseases in freshwater fish are:
- aeromonosis (rubella). Symptoms: inflammation of the skin, dropsy, small foci of hemorrhage, bulging;
- diseases of the branchial apparatus (branchial rot). The appearance of this disease is facilitated by the high temperature of the water and the high content of organic matter in it. Symptoms: pale branchial tissue, uneven dying off of its edges. Big fish stops eating, becomes inactive;
- discocotylosis is a disease of salmon and grayling fish species. Young animals are most severely affected by this disease. Symptoms: trauma to the gill tissue;
- Ichthyophthyriosis is a typical disease in many fish species. A characteristic feature is the presence of white tubercles on the body;
- dactylogyrosis of fish - this disease is characteristic of pond fish. The disease intensifies in the summer. Mainly the fry suffers. Symptoms: small individuals are not active enough, they swim near the surface. The fish is very emaciated, the eyes sink, and anemia of the gills is visible.
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Fish food
If you want to get a full-fledged increase in the live weight of the farmed fish, then the issue of feeding should be approached with all responsibility. The family of carps is considered to be the most unassuming when it comes to choosing a menu. Nature has deprived the carp of the stomach, so the fish always wants to eat and does not belong to gourmets. Fish are fed with the following products:
- compound feed for poultry or pigs with a protein content of about 40% is mainly fed to carp, although fish meat acquires a specific taste;
- a mixture of cereals, corn and steamed legumes prefer other types of fish;
It is important to feed the fish at the same time at all times.
- in reservoirs, arranged in a natural way and having a developed flora and fauna, the fish finds food on its own. True, the weight of the wards with such a content will be inferior to individuals grown on compound feed. But the meat will be very tasty and environmentally friendly.
Pets are fed once or twice a day, preferably without changing the time of reception and the place of food distribution. In fish, like in Pavlov's dog, reflexes are well fixed. If you combine feeding with a whistle or the ringing of a bell, then in the future the fish will swim on its own at the signal.
The food is placed on a special tray, which is then dipped into water. Such a dining room will allow the owner to control the amount of food consumed and avoid contamination of the reservoir by its fermented residues. This is especially true in the case of using compound feed.
Advice. To attract a large amount of natural food, a little trick is used. A 12 W light bulb is fixed above the water surface, which is turned on at night. A large number of mosquitoes and moths fly into the world, which the fish feast on with great pleasure.
What kind of fish is bred in ponds?
Before starting your own business in this area, it is worth figuring out which fish is best to breed, which species will be the most profitable. As a rule, many entrepreneurs choose two options: carp or trout. It is this fish that enjoys the greatest consumer demand.
Without a doubt, carp is much easier and less troublesome to grow. Money for this purpose will require less than fattening trout. From the above, the following conclusion suggests itself: the most profitable option in all respects is carp growing.
Business seasonality. Payback
Pond fish farming is a seasonal business. The ponds are filled with planting material only in spring. To prevent the fish from suffocating in the winter in the pond, holes are made on the surface of the ice. Before the autumn-winter period, it is imperative to calculate the amount of fish in the reservoir per 1 cubic meter. water. This is necessary so that she has a successful winter, and she has enough oxygen. Fish for sale are caught mainly in the fall. In the summer, it grows rapidly and gains weight.
The population of the country does not experience a shortage of live fish for 3 autumn months, when it is actively caught from ponds. The rest of the time, products from cages, swimming pools and installations with a closed water supply cycle are sold. The price of such fish is significantly higher than that of the one grown in ponds.
Seasonality and irregularity of this type of business prevents fish farms from actively developing. They can receive real money only for 3-4 months, and the rest of the time they have to invest in the development of production.
It will be possible to get a good income only if there is a competently drawn up business plan.
For example, let's take a farm that plans to breed carp. Expenditure part of the business plan:
- purchase of fry - 10,000-11,000 rubles;
- workers' wages - 30,000 rubles;
- purchase of fish feed - 7,000 rubles;
- other costs - 20,000 rubles.
- Total - 68,000 rubles.
The gross profit of such a business can be about 100,000 rubles. If all expenses are taken into account, the income without tax is 32,000 rubles.
The main disadvantage of this type of entrepreneurial activity is the long payback period. Only those who are well versed in this and understand what problems he may face in the production process can be engaged in breeding and growing fish in ponds.
There is a lot of competition in this business. But if you feel the strength and desire to work, success will not keep you waiting long.
Site selection
To create a reservoir, a place is found that meets the hydraulic parameters and fish farming rules.It is better to dig a pond on a hill so that rain and flood waters do not carry all the dirt from the summer cottage into it. On a flat area, the ground level is raised artificially with the help of an embankment.
The pond is placed so that it is illuminated by sunlight for no more than 7 hours. The shadow can fall on him from the wall of the house or artificial fences. It is undesirable to make a reservoir in a place completely closed from light. Sun deficiency is bad for the growth of fry and aquatic life. For the construction of a pond, a place with clay soil that is poorly permeable to liquid is chosen. An area free of stones is suitable.
