Persimmon "Russian woman", persimmon seedlings planting and care or exotic in the direction of our gardens.

Persimmon "Russian woman", persimmon seedlings planting and care at our dachas

What kind of plants, trees and shrubs are not grown in our gardens. With a standard set of apple, pear, plum, etc. all clear. Every self-respecting gardener necessarily grows them in abundance. But what about the exotic? For example, a persimmon unusual for our region? Do you think this Asian plant cannot take its rightful place among our locals? Can! And for some lucky ones it takes about 10 years.
The breeders helped us to tame her Ukrainian colleagues. They bred the "Rossiyanka" persimmon variety. It is fully adapted to our difficult climatic conditions. However, Russian colleagues are not lagging behind, they also work and have decent results. Now planting persimmons is available to us.

Harvesting

Persimmons are harvested by hand, while scrolling on the stalk. Sometimes trees can drop their first crop.

Do not be afraid of this. This means that the persimmon has not gained enough strength. This will not happen again in subsequent years.

Read also: Planting and caring for dill - in spring, summer and before winter

Note that:

1. Under natural conditions, persimmon fruits are not stored for long. Therefore, they must be kept in a ventilated, dark room where high humidity is maintained. In such conditions, persimmon softens, ripens and loses astringency.
2. Fruits can be frozen, dried, stewed, etc. As a result of such processing, they do not lose their taste and useful properties.

Many reviews of the Rossiyanka variety say that this is not just a persimmon, but a "gift from God." Persimmon Russian woman does not require special care. Therefore, if you want to grow something unusual in your garden, then you can safely plant this tree.

Thus, you diversify the assortment, get invaluable experience and exotic fruit on your site. The large variety of persimmons will help you choose the one that is perfect for your taste and local climate.

How to grow persimmons Russian woman, see the gardener's advice in the following video:

Persimmon as a garden decoration

In the shade of this beautiful tree, it is pleasant to relax in the intense heat from summer cottage worries and at the same time admire the unusual crown and luxurious flowers, and then the fruits. The leaves of this amazing plant are dense, regular conical, dark green in color. The flowers are pink in an unusual, slightly curled shape. Medium-sized orange fruits (120-150 g). Ripening occurs at the beginning of November. At this time, all the leaves from the tree had already fallen, and its only decoration remained - bright, slightly snow-crushed fruits. Persimmon is especially beautiful in early autumn, when the foliage changes colors from pale yellow to bright red. During this period, it is impossible to take your eyes off her. Agree, such beauty is worth your attention. This means that your work and care for the persimmon will not go unnoticed. The tree will surely thank you in the future.

Description and useful properties

Everyone probably knows what ripe persimmon fruits look like. After all, with the onset of the season, they appear on every fruit counter. But not everyone saw the plant called persimmon.

Important! To buy quality persimmons in the store, pay attention to the striping of the fruit. The more light stripes on its skin, the sweeter it is. A good berry should be firm and smooth to the touch, and its flesh should be semi-liquid.

Today you can admire small trees or persimmon bushes not only in the homeland of culture, in China. They grow successfully in gardens in Australia, Japan, North America and Europe. These plants are considered centenarians because they live for 500 years. In the range, they reach eight meters in height and retain clear signs of wild ancestors.

The trees are distinguished by a wide branched crown with weeping shoots, alternating simple leaves, male and female flowers. Given this feature of the culture, experienced gardeners place opposite-sex specimens in the neighborhood, which helps to increase yields.

Fruit plants such as figs, sharafuga, sweet cherries, actinidia, nectarine, azimina, bergamot, cashews, kumquat, lemon, almonds, medlar, papaya, feijoa, citron, ziziphus are increasingly popular among gardeners.

Unlike male buds, female buds are characterized by a wide sepal and an elongated corolla shape. And pollinators have yellow-white petals that are arranged in the form of a wide glass. Flowering begins in spring and depends on the climatic conditions of the region.

With the onset of autumn, the trees begin to fall of leaves, but this process does not at all affect the decorativeness of the culture. After all, the branches are densely decorated with large orange fruits that hang until the very cold. The color of their peel, depending on the characteristics of the variety, can vary from bright yellow to purple-brown. Very often, the Crimean persimmon turns out to be under the snow, because its ripening lasts until December.

Did you know? The ancient Chinese sages called persimmon "the sun of God" and believed that it must have a tart taste.

The peculiarity of the fruits of this plant is a specific jelly-like pulp in one variety and a hard fibrous interior in another. The last berries acquire a pleasant taste when exposed to frost, and the first ones can be enjoyed without even waiting for ripeness.

Lack of fruit only in their tendency to spoil soon. Hard-skinned specimens are more profitable, because after harvesting they can lie down for a month and a half, after which they become even tastier.

According to experts, the berries contain a lot of beta-carotene, which improves vision and prevents the eye muscles from aging. In addition, the substance takes care of the respiratory tract, cleanses them and prevents the development of various diseases, including seasonal ones.

The fruits contain trace elements and organic acids necessary for human health, which strengthen the immune system and have a beneficial effect on the process of blood formation. We are talking about calcium, potassium, iron, sodium, magnesium, iodine and phosphorus present in the chemical composition of fruits. In addition, persimmon is rich in retinol, ascorbic acid, thiamine, fish flavin, niacin.

Herbalists say that persimmon juices and teas are an excellent remedy for acute respiratory infections, anemia, and even diseases of the cardiovascular system. Also, the astringent and bactericidal properties of the fruit has a good effect on disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

Important! To remove excess astringency from persimmons, put the fruits in the freezer overnight. In the morning, the berry will acquire a mild, delicious taste.

3 berries a day are enough to cleanse the kidneys from accumulated salts. This effect is possible due to the magnesium contained in the composition, which helps to filter the genitourinary system.

Berries are also successfully used as an antiseptic for the healing of wounds and burns. They rub their pieces on a face with problem skin, acne or wide pores.Moreover, the fruit has a calming effect on the nervous system, which guarantees good sleep and excellent mood.

Persimmon planting and care

As already mentioned, the most adapted for our climate variety of persimmon "Rossiyanka" and all recommendations will be given specifically for it.

1.For planting persimmons, it is better to choose young, not older than 2 years old persimmon seedlings. In an older age, she finds it difficult to tolerate a transplant. 2. The planting pit should be prepared in the standard way - a pit 60 * 60 * 60, filled with soil, fertilizers (preferably manure) and sand in approximately equal proportions. In the next 2-3 years, fertilizing with fertilizers is not required (with the exception of potash). Otherwise, all the strength of a young persimmon seedling will go into growth, and not into rooting. The pit should be prepared in advance so that it warms up and ventilates, and only then place the seedling there. In the planting pit, you can immediately install a high peg, to which you can tie the planted persimmon. This is necessary in order to enable the persimmon seedling to root without problem, thus protecting it from strong winds. 3. Regardless of the root system with which the persimmon seedling was purchased (closed or open), it is necessary to place it in a tank of water for 1.5-2 hours and only after that the planting of the persimmon itself begins. 4. The preferred time for planting persimmons is spring, especially in the northern regions. But with the right approach, planting persimmons is possible in the fall. 5. Persimmon "Russian woman" is a tall, spreading tree. An adult tree reaches 5-6 m. Therefore, when planting a persimmon "Russian woman", be sure to take this into account. In the shade of its crown, you can plant shade-loving plants and / or make a luxurious recreation area. 6. Persimmons prefer light, slightly acidic soils. Therefore, make sure that the ground in the near-trunk circles is always loose. To acidify the soil, you can use pine / spruce sawdust, peat, or the same result can be achieved with infrequent watering with vinegar (1 * 20). 7. To the abundance of watering persimmon "Russian woman" to be calm, as well as to the absence of such. But, this can only be said about an adult tree, and young persimmon seedlings require outside help. Therefore, at the beginning of his life, take care of him, and he will reciprocate you. 8. An adult tree can withstand frosts down to -35 degrees, but young seedlings, especially in the first 2-3 years, after planting persimmons, it is better to protect and cover them from the harsh winter conditions. If in your region the temperature drops below -35, then it is better to plant the seedling in an unheated greenhouse or provide shelter. In this case, shaping should be done in such a way that it is convenient for you to make a shelter, that is, to restrain the growth of a tree at a size of 2 m. 9. In the first years of life (2-3 years), planted persimmon seedlings need shaping. Annual removal of thickening shoots and removal of excess branches (in this case, branches growing at an angle of more than 30 degrees, as well as growing at the same level, or interfering with persimmon care, can be called unnecessary). In the same period, you can direct its growth, depending on the capabilities and wishes. For example, form it as medium-tall or stretch it in a trellis fashion on a wall of a tall building. By the way, this method of growing is very convenient if you need shelter (in the northern regions) and, in general, will facilitate the care of the "Russian woman" persimmon. 10. Persimmons enter the fruiting period for 2-3 years after planting. But a bountiful harvest should be expected no earlier than the fifth year. Therefore, be patient, and she will certainly thank you. 11. Do not forget about the annual feeding of the tree. This is done in the same way as with all other trees. But, as already mentioned, young persimmon seedlings should not be "overfeeded". 12. Fruits are harvested by hand, slightly rolling them on the stalk. Therefore, it is also recommended to take care of the convenience of collection in advance.This applies not only to the preparation of tools, but also to pruning and shaping the tree. Make it easy for yourself ahead of time. Sometimes the tree drops the first fruit, but you should not be sad about this. This only means that the Russian woman persimmon saplings are gaining strength and this year they simply have not calculated their capabilities. In the future, such problems will not arise. 13. Fruits in natural conditions are not subject to long-term storage. Delicious compotes, jams are made from them, dried and simply frozen as a whole. After defrosting, persimmon fruits do not lose their taste or vitamin value, and you can enjoy and benefit throughout the year. 14. The yield of persimmon "Russian woman" is consistently high. On average 45-60 kg per tree. Therefore, you will be able to pamper yourself and your family with fragrant fruits every year. And get aesthetic pleasure on cold winter evenings. 15. Persimmon variety "Russian woman" hybrid (derived from persimmon varieties "virginskaya" and "eastern"), bisexual flowers, so this variety does not need an additional pollinator.

Persimmon propagation

Methods and terms propagation of persimmons are similar to many fruit, but it also has some features. The juice of persimmon wood contains many tannins, therefore, due to oxidation in the air, a thin film forms between the stock and the scion, which prevents them from growing together. Few have been successful in this matter. It turned out that the secret of successful vaccination is hidden in the occulting knife. If this is an ordinary knife, then when it comes into contact with wood, the metal instantly oxidizes the cut points. If you use a stainless steel knife, success is guaranteed. The vaccination period is the end of February - March.

The entire trunk of the persimmon is literally strewn with sleeping buds invisible to the eye. Therefore, any tree, even an adult tree, can be grafted onto a new variety. For this, all skeletal branches are removed, the wounds are cleaned, especially at the edges. From one to four cuttings are inserted into each stump, tightly tied with a film 2-4 cm wide and the cuts are coated with garden varnish or plasticine. The kidney and cuttings are tightly fixed for a month. As the grafts thicken, care must be taken that the strapping material does not cut into the bark.

Experiments with persimmon "Russian woman"

Gardeners are restless people who love to experiment and try new things. In the case of persimmon, this is also possible. Planting persimmons is also possible independently from the stone. Actually, the principle is usual, drying, stratification, planting persimmons in the ground and abundant watering. The only "but" from a seedling is better to grow a houseplant and adjust its height at the level of 1.5 meters. He also does not enter the fruiting period for a long time. To speed up the process, you can graft a seedling. True, in this case, the tree will turn out to be generally accepted for the rootstock height. It makes no sense to describe the vaccination process, since it is standard. Numerous experiments have shown that persimmons get along only on their own rootstocks. Therefore, you should think about it yourself, for example, purchase it in the botanical garden. Persimmons are grown in almost everyone, so problems should not arise. Try, experiment, share your experience, including on our forum, and be happy!

Landing

Having bought a persimmon seedling, it is immediately planted in such a way that the grafting "looks" to the south. The root collar must be buried 10 centimeters if the soil is heavy. 15 centimeters if the soil is light.

You can not trample the ground around a young tree. You need to wait until it sits down, and then water abundantly. The size of the pit is determined by the size of the overgrown root system. It is made more than 20 centimeters than the diameter of the roots. Male and female trees are planted at the rate of 1 to 8.

Characteristics, cultivation and care of persimmon varieties "Rossiyanka": photo + video

In our area we are accustomed to growing cherries, plums, apples, pears, and for many, persimmon is still an exotic tree with all the difficulties of growing. But in vain. In my garden I decided to plant 3 years ago the persimmon variety "Rossiyanka", bred by Crimean breeders.

I want to share with you my experience on how to properly grow and care for this fruit tree in order to get an excellent harvest. Photos and videos are attached. Consider all the points in order, and you will see that there is nothing complicated. But the result will be a pleasant surprise in the end.

Step-by-step process of planting seedlings

Saplings of all types of this plant in the southern regions of the Crimea can be rooted even in November. The main thing is that the earth has not yet had time to cool down, and there were no frosts. After all, the root system of a tree needs time to adapt to new conditions. But in the northern part of the peninsula, it is better to plant persimmons in the spring, when the threat of frost has passed.

You always need to start the process with digging and fertilizing the soil in advance. Most often, in such cases, organic matter and superphosphates are added. It also does not hurt to adjust the acidity, because the culture prefers a neutral environment. When the site is ready, dig on it landing pit with dimensions of 60x60x60 cm.

After that, fill it with a layer of drainage and fertile soil mixture. It is prepared from equal parts of humus, compost, river sand and high moor peat. Then cover with black plastic wrap and allow a few weeks for a specific microclimate to form. Only then can the covering structure be removed and the direct landing can be started.

First you need to drive a wooden peg with a burnt edge into the center of the recess. Such processing of the wood material is important because it prevents the formation of rot when the support decomposes.

Did you know? If unripe persimmons with an unpleasant astringent taste are placed in a plastic bag along with apples, both varieties of fruits will ripen faster. The fact is that apples emit ethylene, which contributes to the rapid aging of the tissue fibers of the fruit.

Regardless of whether the seed was purchased with open or closed roots, before rooting, it must be placed in a container with water or watered abundantly.

It is advisable to re-examine the open root system for damage and dryness, and then treat it with a clay mash. After the manipulations done, the roots of the plant are lowered into the planting pit, straightened, watered abundantly and covered with fertile soil. Make sure that the graft site is 5-10 cm buried in the grafts.

general characteristics

Persimmon is a rich orange fruit, weighing up to 60 grams. It is not only distinguished by its excellent taste, but also unusually useful for human health.

Persimmon belongs to the Ebony family, and in total there are about 300 species of this wonderful fruit. The most famous are:

• Caucasian.
• Virginskaya.
• Eastern.
• Japanese.
• Black.
• Dagestan.

All these varieties are quite thermophilic with rare exceptions. But how to grow persimmons in a region where the climate is quite peculiar: it is hot in summer and too cold in winter?

Advantages of "Rossiyanka"

In the 50s - 60s, in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, A.K. Pasenkov, by crossing the virgin and eastern persimmons, obtained an interspecific hybrid, which has a number of advantages over exotic thermophilic varieties:

1. Full adaptation to the frosty and harsh winters of central Russia. Persimmon Russian woman can withstand temperatures up to - 28 - 30 degrees.
2. Fruiting is obtained no matter what floor the tree has.
3. The first fruits can be harvested quickly enough - just a few years after planting the seedling in the ground.
4. When the persimmon grows, there is no need to process it with chemicals. This hybrid is absolutely immune to fungal infections and diseases.This is an important factor, since the value of organic fruits is obvious.

Such distinctive features make it possible to grow a plant in our climate, including the Moscow region. And if you follow all the rules when leaving and planting, then you can grow an excellent, and most importantly, your own harvest of the most useful fruits.

Description of the variety

The tree of this hybrid is usually of medium size - 4 - 5 meters. But sometimes it stretches up to 6 meters in height. The crown of the plant is spreading and wide. Therefore, you need to choose a spacious place for planting.

• This variety bears fruit without pollination, which is convenient. It belongs to the intermediate group. But according to the reviews of experienced gardeners, pollination still contributes to a significant improvement in the taste and softness of the fruit. Pitted fruits are much juicier and more tender. Therefore, if you decide to plant a lot of seedlings, it is recommended to plant at least one pollinator for every 8-10 bushes. And also for pollination of flowers, you can irrigate the plant with a solution of gibberellin. This procedure will also save persimmons from dropping their peduncles.
• It blooms in the first decade of July. The flowers are delicate pink, the shape is rather unusual - the petals twist a little.
• The leaves of the tree are dark green, oval and slightly oblong in shape. The structure is dense.
• Fruits are bright orange in color, rounded and slightly flattened in shape, small in size. They have a barely noticeable whitish bloom for the period of incomplete ripening.
• Fruit fully ripens only towards the end of autumn. By this time, all the foliage has fallen off, and the tree remains all colored with bright berries. Indeed, the spectacle is simply magical!
• Not quite ripe persimmons are quite tart and astringent. For full ripening, it is worth identifying the fruits in a cold place. When fully cooked, the berry tastes great.

Description

Ebenus Diospyros (Persimmon) is a species of deciduous bushes and trees, a family of dicotyledonous plants (Ebony). Persimmon is translated from the Latin language - food of the gods, divine fire, popular names - date plum, wild date. In a subtropical, tropical climate, with good care, trees live up to 350-500 years. In temperate climates, persimmon cultivation is possible, but often trees die from severe frosts, and the yield is less than in the subtropics. The most frost-resistant type of persimmon is Virginskaya down to -35 ° C.

On average, the tree reaches 8–20 meters, but there are species that reach more than 35 m. From early spring to late autumn, persimmon leaves change their color, in spring they are yellow-green, in summer they are dark green with a glossy surface, in autumn they are yellow. red, orange. Leaves are oval, simple, alternate. The leaf reaches 10 cm in length, 5-6 cm in width, they, like a berry, have useful properties and are often used by folk medicine. There are decorative, wild, cultivated types of trees and bushes.

Begins to bloom in March - the beginning of April, have an inconspicuous appearance - beige, beige-pink, subdivided into male (on the branches formed heap of 3-6 pieces) and female (corolla shape up to 3-4 cm in diameter) inflorescences. Depending on the region, flowering ends in early - late May, forming green fruits.

Color, size, shape depend on the variety of the bush. Berries from bright orange, orange, red, to brown. Persimmon shape - round, oval, flat. Size (weight) - from 40 g to 450 g. Pollinated varieties have up to 10 seeds, non-pollinated ones have no seeds. Fruits ripen, depending on the variety, from September to November. The fruits are sweet with a tart flavor.

Varieties

Every year, breeders from different countries bring out new types of persimmon, now there are about 350 varieties of cultivated, wild-growing shrubs and trees. The following species are mainly cultivated:

1. East - region of origin Asia. Trees, bushes are best acclimatized in other areas.With the help of this species, a lot of varieties were obtained by Soviet and Russian breeders.
2. Caucasian - the region of origin of the Caucasus. The trees are strong, up to 25-30 meters high. Berries have a specific flavor, dark color.
3. Virginia is a region of origin North America. Trees up to 20 m high are most adapted to frosts down to -35 degrees.

Persimmon varieties are divided into several groups:

1. Pollination:
2. pollinated (Hyakume, Zenjiaru);
3. intermediate (Costata);
4. non-pollinated (Sidles, Tamopan).
5. By ripening time:
6. ultra early (Yankin-Tsuru, Ukrainka);
7. early (Chocolate, Southern Beauty, Zvezdochka);
8. medium (Dawn, South Coast, Dream, Kuro-Kuma);
9. late (Nakhodka, Tanenashi, Zvezdochka, Aizu-Mishirazu).
10. By taste:
11. with a tart aftertaste (Korolek, Sharon, Meotse saukune, Dawn, Triumph, Mishirazu, Tsyganochka, Chocolate);
12. with a sweet aftertaste without astringency (Nikitskaya burgundy, Gosho, Yalta, Kostata, Dream, Friendship, Autumn souvenir).

Landing "Rossiyanka"

Before planting, you need to take care of buying the seedlings themselves. You can buy them online or at nurseries. You should not buy seedlings from your hands, because you can buy something completely different from what you expected.

The seedling should not be older than two years of age - in older adults there is a risk of not transferring the transplant, the plant may simply not adapt and take root.

1. Before planting in open ground, the roots of a young seedling should be placed in a container of water for several hours.
2. It should be borne in mind that groundwater should be located no closer than 70 - 80 cm to the surface of the earth. Strong waterlogging contributes to the development of additional shoots, and not the growth of the tree itself. The depth of the root in the soil usually does not exceed half a meter, if the seedling is a year or a half.
3. If you are just trying to plant persimmons in your garden, then it is better to choose a place on the south side or near the wall of the house, which will protect the tree from winds and drafts. The place should be sunny and dry, in the shade the persimmon does not develop well, and you can not wait for the harvest at all.

Planting is carried out in the spring, mainly in regions with harsh winters and cold autumn. In warmer areas, seedlings can be planted in the fall.

Site and soil preparation before planting

Each gardener needs to prepare a site for planting a seedling in advance. The following steps are required:

1. The soil for the seedling is fertilized with peat, thoroughly loosened. It should be light in structure, good air permeability. In terms of composition, preference is given to slightly acidic soil.
2. Immediately before planting, it is necessary to dig a hole 60 cm deep and in diameter. Soil is laid on the bottom, to which it is recommended to add manure and river sand in equal proportions. The hole should be left to ventilate for a while and the ground should be allowed to warm up.
3. When planting, to protect the young tree, a small support is installed in the ground so that the trunk does not break from the wind.
4. Only two days after the airing of the planting pit, the seedling is lowered into the hole, the soil is slightly tamped near the trunk. Then it is poured over with water at room temperature. The near-stem area is covered with leaves, dry grass, so that the seedling takes root and successfully passes the adaptation period.

Having planted a persimmon bush, you should adhere to some simple rules for further care. While growing a seedling to the state of an adult tree, your attention and care will be needed.

Reproduction

Soil (ground)

For persimmons, the most suitable soil is black soil, loamy, but it must be well-drained, with an admixture of sand. Then the plant will bear fruit well and grow quickly. In soils where water is strongly stagnant, as well as those that contain a large amount of mineral salts, clay, gray soils are not suitable for its cultivation. In such places, the plant begins to ache, bear fruit poorly.

Frost resistance. Temperature and illumination

The most frost-resistant persimmon variety is Virginsky, which can withstand temperatures up to - 32–35 ° C, Vostochny up to -22–24 ° C, Caucasian up to -17–20 ° C.

Persimmon is unpretentious to temperature extremes (spring and autumn frosts), sometimes you can see berries under a layer of snow, under which young branches retain their vital activity. Branches of seedlings 1–5 years of age are most susceptible to the first frost. For persimmons, they choose a place that is sunny or with a little shade during daylight hours, as well as a space without drafts. Planting is carried out from the southern or southeastern side of the infield.

Persimmon is whimsical to the neighborhood of other plants, therefore, other crops should not be planted under it or at a close distance from it. A large, spacious area from 20 to 70 square meters fits a persimmon. m.

Indoor conditions

Growing a tree at home is simpler and cheaper than buying a seedling. But they follow several rules, stages of growing:

1. the stone must be from ripe local berries;
2. the seed is pulled out of the berry, washed and dried at room temperature;
3. the bone is soaked in a weak solution of manganese (fungicide) for 20-30 minutes for disinfection and dried;
4. sharpen the sharp, hard edges of the bone a little with a nail file and place in the refrigerator for 1-2 months (stratification) to awaken the sprouts;
5. remove the seed from the refrigerator, let it warm up to room temperature for a day;
6. the next day, wrap the seed with gauze or a thin cloth, soak it in warm water with a growth stimulating solution. Soak for 3 days;
7. prepare a pot with well-fertilized soil. Add sand, sawdust, wood ash, peat, expanded clay to black soil (to the bottom and a layer in the middle of the pot);
8. the bone is laid horizontally in a pot, sprinkling with soil mixture by 2-3 cm;
9. spray the ground with warm water from a spray bottle;
10. cover the pot with glass or plastic, creating the effect of a greenhouse;
11. as necessary, water the persimmon and air it so that the process of bone decay does not start;
12. the first shoots will appear within a month. Open the pot when the first 2 leaves grow;
13. as soon as the sprout reaches 45-50 cm, it is transplanted into a larger pot for the development of the root system;
14. the soil, the pot is changed as the plant grows 2-4 times a year;
15. In the spring - autumn period, the plant is taken out into the fresh air for hardening. If the weather is damp, cold or frost is expected, then the plant is brought into the room at night;
16. 1-2 times a month are watered with fertilizers;
17. when the sprout reaches 70–80 cm, pinch the top to form lateral branches;
18. at a plant height of 1.2 m - 1.5 m, they are planted in open ground.

The most suitable varieties of persimmons for growing in an apartment and do not require transplanting into open ground: Zenjiaru, Hyakume. During the growth of the shoots, decorative pruning of the tree is carried out to form a beautiful, compact crown.

Autumn and spring planting in open ground

The most favorable planting for persimmon seedlings is springtime, when the soil temperature warmed up to 15-17 ° C. Over the summer, the plant will have time to get stronger, successfully overwinter. Saplings bought in professional nurseries take root better than those grown from seed.

A few tips for choosing a persimmon seedling:

1. buy seedlings in professional nurseries with a guarantee of the desired variety and grafted to local conditions;
2. examine the seedling from leaves to roots for damage, rot, diseases and pests;
3. carefully inspect the place where it was grown, if possible;
4. for a temperate climate, seedlings of early varieties are purchased;
5. the roots should be with an earthen lump, and not bare;
6. the trunk of the tree is strong;
7. it is better to plant persimmon on the day of purchase or the next day, but not later.

Having chosen a landing site (preferably on a hill, near buildings that will close it from the wind and blizzards), they dig a hole depending on the size of the root, but so that there is 30–40 cm of free space around it. Drainage with sand and broken stone or expanded clay is laid at the bottom of the pit, sprinkled with black soil mixed with manure, and then a seedling is planted, preferably in cloudy weather or after sunset. They dig in the soil, press down a little. Watered with warm water with fertilizers. For the first time, the tree needs a back up so that it does not tilt.It is important to dig in the vaccination site when planting. In the first 2-3 years, a young tree is covered for the winter with mulch, spruce branches or dry grass.

Autumn planting is carried out in September for regions with a temperate climate, in the subtropics and tropics, October - November. The main thing is to plant it before the onset of the first frost, be sure to cover it for the winter. Persimmon begins to bear fruit for 2-3 years, subject to the rules of care.

Persimmon under the snow

Rules for the care of persimmon "Rossiyanka"

Let's consider step by step all the steps that will help grow a good tree:

Pruning and shaping the crown is a must for persimmons.

1. The growing season is the most important. During it, it is recommended to loosen as necessary (but at least 5 - 6 times) and moisten the soil. We also maintain the acid balance necessary for persimmons. To do this, you can sometimes water the bush with water diluted with a small amount of vinegar.
2. We need constant watering of a young plant. Do not allow the soil to dry out. The root system may not withstand drought and the plant will simply die. Especially in hot weather, keep an eye on soil moisture.
3. Fertilizing and feeding persimmons is necessary. But in the early years, you need to do this carefully so that there is no surplus. The recommended dose for a seedling is up to 15 kg of mineral and organic fertilizers, and for an adult tree - no more than 20 kg.
4. Such a procedure as pruning and crown formation must be done especially carefully in the first years of active growth of a young tree. Unnecessary shoots and branches should be removed (especially those that grow strongly to the sides, and not up). Then the tree saves energy and develops faster.
5. The most common persimmon diseases are Japanese false shield and gray rot.
6. Despite the fact that the Russian woman is valued precisely for her frost resistance, young bushes simply need to be protected from drafts, cold winds and strong frosts. To do this, use a covering material for the winter period.

Diseases and pests

In good conditions, persimmons rarely get sick, acquire pests. Often there are trees affected by diseases, bushes flooded with melt or groundwater:

1. powdery mildew - looks like a white bloom on the leaves;
2. root rot - the leaves turn pale flowers or the ovary crumbles, which means that the roots of the tree rot;
3. gray rot - appears on leaves, flowers, branches, berries;
4. bacteriosis - the leaves begin to dry and fall off, then it affects the bark, leaving the tree naked;
5. bacterial cancer - the bark of the tree becomes brown in the affected areas, the leaves turn yellow due to lack of nutrients, dry and fall off;
6. fusarium - the leaves turn yellow and wither, starting from the bottom, the trunk turns black, the bark falls off and the tree dries up;
7. black spot - looks like black-burgundy spots that affect the leaves, and then young shoots, the trunk;
8. Scab - affects leaves and young shoots in the form of black spots.

Harvest and storage of persimmons

A few years after planting a young tree, the first fruiting can be expected. But a full harvest will be only in the fifth year of active growth of persimmons, as well as with proper care.

You need to know that usually the first flowering of the tree is discarded. You should not be afraid of this, but, on the contrary, it suggests that the seedling has taken root correctly and is gaining strength for the subsequent full-fledged harvest.

Harvesting is done by hand. The fruit should be carefully rolled on the stalk so as not to damage the delicate skin. Since persimmons are not stored for a long time - about a month, you can freeze the fruits and then use them both raw and for making preserves, jams.

Storing frozen will not adversely affect the taste of the fruit. It stays the same fragrant and delicious.

Such an exotic tree is not only able to provide vitamins to the family in the cold season, but will also become a real decoration of your garden.When all the trees have long faded and shed their foliage, and the harvest has already been taken, the persimmon will stand out in bright color until winter.

Care

If persimmons are grown on fertile soils, then feeding begins only when the tree reaches 8 years of age. If the soil is poor, they begin to feed the plant from the age of 5.

With the arrival of spring, complex fertilizer is applied. It must include potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. Young trees are watered abundantly twice a month. For mature trees, it is enough once and even less often if the summer is rainy.

Persimmon rarely gets sick. Of the pests, beetle larvae should be feared. The plant usually begins to bear fruit in the fifth year. Therefore, you need to be patient. However, the magical taste of persimmon fruit is worth it.

How to grow persimmons

Are you aware that in our latitudes it is possible to grow whatever is the most real persimmon tree? The homeland of persimmon is China, it also grows in Italy, Spain, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Tajikistan, Iran, Turkey, Abkhazia, Crimea and Russia. Of course, you won't get a lot of harvest in our climatic zone, but how will this tree with orange fruits decorate your garden? Read how to grow a persimmon tree in our article.

How persimmon grows: requirements for open ground

In nature, persimmon grows in warm regions with a long warm period of the year. Modern frost-resistant varieties made it possible to move the northern border of comfortable growth to the southern regions of Russia. How to grow persimmon on your garden plot?

Observing how persimmon grows in Crimea, on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Ukraine, in North Ossetia, you can see that trees in open ground prefer well-lit areas with protection from wind and flooding in the spring-autumn periods.

The culture is undemanding to the type and composition of the soil, while an excess of organic matter can react by dropping the already formed ovary. The main thing is that a powerful root system receives enough air and moisture.

Read also: How to transplant spathiphyllum into another pot at home

If persimmons find themselves in arid conditions, the quality of the crop deteriorates, a prolonged moisture deficit causes the ovary and foliage to fall off.

In regions where persimmon grows in natural conditions, trees bloom already in the warm season, and the fruits have time to fill up and practically ripen before severe frosts. To the north, persimmon needs protection from freezing and the danger of spring decay. This applies to both fruit-bearing trees and plants grown for decorative purposes.

So that harvesting from a tree 6-10 meters high does not turn into a risky adventure, the crown of persimmons begins to form from the first years after planting. In addition to limiting growth, pruning of young, too thin branches is carried out, which often cannot withstand the severity of the fruits and are the first to freeze in cold winters.

How to grow a tree from a bone

Did you eat ripe persimmons? It's time to get down to business. Persimmon seeds need stratification to recreate natural storage conditions in winter. Rinse the seeds found in the fruit well under running water to remove the remnants of the persimmon. Place the seeds in a box or large pot of wet sand for 2-3 months at a temperature of +5 degrees.

Use medium-sized pots to germinate persimmon seeds. Take a well-drained soil from a mixture of peat and garden soil. Place the prepared seeds in a pot with moist soil to a depth of 2 cm. Make sure that the soil in the pots always remains moist during the seed germination stage. Cover the planting with plastic wrap and keep it in a bright, warm room, protecting it from drafts. To stimulate growth, observe a temperature of +22 degrees. Lift the film periodically and air the planting.

Shoots should appear in 2-4 weeks.If this has not happened, let us not torment ourselves with anticipation - they will not appear any more. Then again we take the ripe fruit and plant the seeds in the soil. When we received the sprouts, each of them must be transplanted into a separate pot. Young shoots develop quickly and require replacing the old pot with a larger one.

Choosing a place on the site for growing persimmons

Asking how to grow persimmons, the gardener needs to find a good place on the site. The tree prefers loamy or sandy loam soil, rich in organic matter and nutrients. The groundwater level should be no higher than a meter, the root system develops rapidly and is located mainly in the upper soil layers at a level of 0.5 meters.

Persimmon is a thermophilic and light-loving plant. In the central and northern regions of the country, planting is best located on the southern side of the building. This way the plant will receive enough heat in sunny weather and will be protected from cold, piercing winds in the autumn-winter period.

Growing conditions and care

The grown sprouts should be planted in open ground next spring, before active growth begins. A young persimmon plant in its first year requires regular watering to form healthy roots. In the future, persimmon will grow well without additional watering. This is provided that there is enough natural precipitation in your area.

3-4 years after planting, the persimmon begins to bear fruit. If the tree becomes overloaded with fruit, the tree may shed fruit. To prevent this from happening, after the fruits grow a little, you need to prune, leaving only one fruit on the fruiting shoot. As a result, you will get a good harvest. The care of the persimmon tree also includes spring and autumn digging and loosening of the soil. Whitewash the trunk and bases of the skeletal branches of the tree annually.

Crown development and anti-aging treatment - what's the difference?

In the early years, the formation of the crown of the tree begins so that it looks well-groomed, and in the future the gardener will not have any problems. A crown of strong branches is necessary so that the tree does not break under the weight of the fruit, easily withstood strong gusts of wind, allowed persimmon to ripen evenly and correctly.

Important!

Pruning makes it possible to regulate the fruiting process, make it regular and stable.

Anti-aging pruning is done to stop the aging process of the tree. The cut must be carried out at such a height that several buds are located on the remaining part, otherwise the tree will not be able to grow green mass again. It is necessary to ensure that the cut is even and clear, leaving a small neat stump, from which growth will grow in the future.

Over time, the crown also requires renewal, because the tree grows annually. This process takes place in two stages:

1. First, part of the skeletal branches is cut on the south side, along the way, and small branches are shortened.
2. The second stage begins two or three years later.

All the same is done from the north side. So gradually the crown of the tree is renewed, the thickening of the branches disappears, and nutrition appears at the lower tier of small branches, and the ability to bear good fruit. It is very important to carry out crown renewal in two stages only if the stem is healthy.

Which variety to choose

To grow a persimmon tree in our climatic conditions, you need to choose the right variety. By the method of long work of breeders, varieties were bred for cultivation in Ukraine.

• Meader. This variety is valued for its frost resistance (withstands up to -30 degrees) and good taste. One tree is enough to get a rich harvest. Ripens in the month of October. The fruits are characterized by astringency, therefore, after harvesting, the persimmon should be allowed to lie down for 2 weeks.
• Russian woman. The variety is obtained by crossing the eastern and virgin persimmons.It is also frost-resistant, has large, tasty and aromatic fruits. Ripens in October. This variety gives a harvest already in the third year of growth.
• God's gift. It is characterized by compactness - it grows up to 3 meters. Bright, yellow fruits ripen in late September - early October. Frost-resistant variety.
• Mount Hoverla. It is considered the best variety in Ukraine. Orange - red, fragrant, delicious fruits will delight you at the end of October.
• Kinglet. A sweet and tasty persimmon variety that grows up to 3-5 m. It is characterized by a high yield. Ripens at the end of October. Withstands up to -22 degrees of frost.
• Nikitskaya Burgundy. Large-fruited, burgundy-colored variety. The fruits are fragrant and sweet. Frost resistance up to -24 degrees.

These types of varieties can be grown throughout Ukraine, providing a reliable winter shelter for young seedlings.

Varietal characteristics

This hybrid variety was obtained by crossing two types of persimmon - Vostochnaya and Virginskaya.

The main advantages of the plant include:

• fruiting occurs regardless of gender;
• a culture with increased resistance to cold - easily tolerates temperatures down to -35 ° C;
• high resistance to diseases and pests, therefore, in the process of growth, it does not require chemical treatments.

The description of the persimmon variety Russian woman includes:

• medium-sized tree, reaching 5-6 m in height at maturity;
• flowering period falls in the first decade of July;
• flowers are unisexual (female);
• fruits are yellow-orange in color, small, contain a small amount of seeds;
• the first fruiting occurs in 2-3 years, but the fruits are small at first;
• a full harvest appears in the 5th year of life;
• with good care, one plant can be harvested from 50 to 60 kg.

After picking, the fruit is still firm and tart in taste. To improve their palatability - to acquire a soft texture and sweet taste - they require aging under certain conditions.

Top dressing

Choose a balanced fertilizer with sodium, potassium and phosphorus to feed the persimmon tree. In the first 2-3 years after planting the seedlings, fertilizers are applied to near-stem circles within a radius of 80 cm, in subsequent years within a radius of 150 cm.A tree aged from two to five years requires up to 15 kg of fertilizers, from six to ten years - 20 kg, from eleven to fifteen years - 25 kg. Persimmons are fertilized once 5 years.

Correct planting of persimmon seedlings

Persimmon seedlings are best planted in autumn and early spring.

Pits for persimmon seedlings are dug out in advance, 25-30 days in advance, with a depth and width of at least 60 cm. When planting persimmons, it is advisable to add 10-12 kg of rotted manure and 200-250 g of superphosphate, mixing them with the ground. It is necessary that the grafting site of the persimmon is 3-5 cm above the surface of the earth. After planting, the seedlings must be watered abundantly. The best scheme for planting persimmons in a personal plot is square or rectangular, where seedlings are placed in the corners with a distance of 4.5-5 meters. Persimmon is a light-loving plant, in addition, it is better for it to choose ventilated areas with well-drained soil. After planting the persimmon seedlings, pruning is carried out to create a balance between the aboveground part and the root system. Annual persimmon seedlings do not have lateral branches and in the year of planting they are cut at a height of 70-80 cm above the soil level, taking into account the laying of skeletal branches of the first tier at this height. The pruning and shaping of the persimmon crown is carried out according to a sparse-tiered system and lasts up to 5 years of age. Then the crown thinning is carried out annually, the removal of dry and broken branches and twigs. Old persimmon trees aged 20 or more are usually rejuvenated. For this, in February-March, all skeletal branches of the first, partially second and third orders are cut off at the same height above ground level, and the leader-guide is 25-30 cm above them. With such an operation, many annual shoots grow on the pruned persimmon branches, and in order to form the crown, excess shoots must be removed in February of the next year.Fertilizers in the first two to three years after planting seedlings are applied to near-stem circles with a radius of 60-80 cm, in subsequent years, with a radius of 100-150 cm.It is recommended to apply from 10 to 15 kg of organic fertilizers to one tree at the age of two to five years, at the age of 6-10 years-15-20 kg, 11-15 years-20-25 kg. Persimmons are fertilized once every 4-5 years.

Pruning

When young plants reach a height of 90 cm, they should be pruned. Form 5 skeletal branches from the side shoots. They should be pruned to 40 cm in the next season. Pruning should stimulate the formation of new shoots, on which fruits will appear. Anti-aging pruning is carried out when shoot growth is reduced and sanitary pruning is carried out annually. Remove dry branches, shoots growing inward or downward from the crown. So you will improve the fruiting of the tree, all the fruits will evenly receive sunlight. Unlike other fruit trees, persimmons are not so actively attacked by pests, but birds actively hunt for fruits.

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How to plant a persimmon

Vaccination is the most effective way

to improve the state of fertility and diversify the types of persimmons.

• With this method, the freshly cut cutting (graft) is pressed against the cut on the rooted plant (rootstock) and firmly fixed in this position. Their tissues grow together, and the entire system begins to function as a whole.
• The graft is usually obtained from a taxon with valuable flowers, fruits or other aboveground organs, and the stock is a close taxon, in which they are less valuable, but the root system is more stable or more powerful. As a rule, grafting is used for the routine propagation of fruit or ornamental trees.