Cherry varieties - names by region, photos and descriptions of the best

• Characteristics of the variety
• Description of the tree
• Description of the fetus
• Landing rules
• Sapling selection
• Pick-up location
• Soil selection
• Planting a tree
• Care
• Watering
• Top dressing
• Pruning

A unique variety, which is bred in the south of Ukraine - Large-fruited cherry. Fruits reach a diameter of 2 cm. This unpretentious garden crop yields a juicy and tasty harvest.

Characteristics of the variety

Cherry Large-fruited begins its history in the 80s of the twentieth century. The variety was bred by breeders M.T. Oratovsky and N.I. Turovtsev by pollination of the varieties Valery Chkalov, Zhabule and Elton. In 1983, this variety was entered into the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine.

The characteristic of the variety is very good. Sweet cherry has a number of advantages that distinguish it from other varieties:

• high resistance to low temperatures;
• high productivity;
• easily tolerates drought;
• has large fruits;
• good transportability.

But this variety also has disadvantages:

• When waterlogged, the fruits begin to crack, which leads to a non-marketable appearance.
• The tree is not resistant to disease.
• Additional pollination is required (artificially or with the help of pollinating trees).

Cherry is self-fertile, it must be planted next to other pollinating varieties. For pollination, varieties such as: Dybera Black, Surprise and Francis are suitable. In the absence of additional pollination, large-fruited sweet cherry will give a poor harvest.

The ripening period is late. The crop can be harvested in the second half of June. For those who want to get an early harvest, you should choose cherries of the Zabuta or Talisman varieties.

The climate of central Russia

The first mentions of sweet cherries were 8000 years BC. e. According to scientists, then trees with sweet berries grew in Europe, mainly in Denmark and Switzerland. Choosing a variety of this plant for growing in the territory of central Russia, you need to understand what kind of climate it will be familiar with. Both countries, considered the birthplace of cherries, have a fairly mild climate.

Switzerland is divided into two by the Alps. Although in the southern part of the state the temperature is slightly higher in summer (up to + 28 °), its climate does not differ much from the northern one. On the territory of the whole country there are rarely colds below + 5 °. Severe frost (up to -10) in this country occurs only in the mountains, where cherries do not grow. Therefore, the climate in such an area does not need to be taken into account.

Denmark is also home to the sweet cherry. On the territory of this country, 3 climatic zones of Europe fit at once. In summer, there is no heat even in that part of the state, which is located in the south. The average temperature in July is + 17.5 °. Although Denmark cannot boast of hot summers, trees in this country feel comfortable, as temperatures rarely drop below -2 ° in winter.

Sweet cherry, which at first glance seems to be a hardy plant because of its place of birth, actually does not like frost and can die in the harsh climate of central Russia. Here, the temperature in summer is not much different from the usual for this tree. In the southern part it can be warm up to + 28 °. The north side is colder - in July the air rarely warms up above + 22 °. Plants face real difficulties in winter, when the temperature drops to -12 °. Although in the countries considered the birthplace of cherries, the climate is also considered moderately continental, in Russia it turns out to be more severe.If it weren't for the high humidity in summer, many trees would not have survived in such conditions.

Another feature of the climate in central Russia is unexpected temperature drops. Sometimes warm weather can be abruptly replaced by cold weather. Such drops are especially dangerous for young plants. If a tree is planted in open ground just a week after frost, the cold snap can return to the region, destroying the fragile root system. Therefore, cherry varieties for central Russia should be chosen frost-resistant. This requirement is relevant for all regions with a temperate continental climate. This list includes areas:

It may be interesting The best cherry varieties for the Leningrad region Cherry varieties "Valery Chkalov" The best varieties of self-pollinated cherries with photos and descriptions

• Tverskaya;
• Smolenskaya;
• Ryazan;
• Moscow;
• Kaluga;
• Orlovskaya;
• Vladimirskaya;
• Yaroslavskaya;
• Bryansk;
• Tula;
• Bryansk;
• Ivanovskaya;
• Kostroma;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Volgograd;
• Novgorod;
• Pskov;
• Leningradskaya;
• Lipetsk;
• Belgorodskaya;
• Kursk;
• Tambov;
• Voronezh;
• Saratov;
• Kirovskaya;
• Mari El;
• Mordovia;
• Penza;
• Chuvashia;
• Samara;
• Ulyanovsk.

Attention!

Although Tatarstan, Orenburg Oblast, Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Bashkortostan and Udmurtia are close to central Russia, the climate of these regions differs significantly from the moderate continental one.

Description of the tree

We begin the description of the tree by describing its height and crown shape. Medium-sized tree, spherical crown. When pruning, you can give the crown any shape to your taste. The main branches are built like a skeleton. quite sturdy and rough. The bark of the trunk and shoots are brown.

A large-fruited sweet cherry reaches a height of 4–5 meters. Growth is fast, in 4 years it is significantly ahead of other varieties in size.

The leaves are large, elongated, pointed towards the end. The edges are jagged. The leaf plate is colored deep green. Crown density is medium.

It blooms in white. The flowers are large with five petals and sepals, forming umbrellas during flowering. Fruits are formed on the growths of the last year and bouquet flowers.

Features of cherries

According to the botanical description, sweet cherry is a tree that grows rapidly. The crown has a rounded ovoid shape. Trunk diameter from 60 cm, shoots of brown or brown color.

Types of cherries: photo

All varieties of this culture are divided into 2 types: bigarro and gini.

Bigarros are distinguished by their firm pulp and colorless juice. They have a dessert purpose, however, they are also suitable for processing. Due to the dense pulp, the berries do not boil over, they are used to make compotes and jams. This includes medium to late ripening varieties.

Photo of red cherry bigarro:

Gini are varieties with delicate sweet flesh. They are poorly stored and cannot stand long transportation. Therefore, it is recommended to find applications for them immediately after removal from the tree. These include early hybrids with pink, cream, or yellow flesh. Ginis have a dessert purpose, they get delicious juice.

Gini fruits in the photo:

How cherry blossoms

Sweet cherry produces white bisexual flowers that appear before the leaves. The buds bloom from early to late May, depending on the variety and weather conditions. The flowering period takes 14 to 25 days. Flowers are collected in umbellate inflorescences, 2-3 pcs. Consists of 5 loosely located petals, one pistil and many stamens.

What are the leaves of the cherry

The tree has green leaves, elliptical or obovate, pointed and serrate. Petioles with glands located at the base of the plate. The width of the sheet plate is from 8 cm, the length is from 15 cm.

When the cherry gives its first harvest

The start of fruiting occurs 5-6 years after planting. Early-growing seedlings yield a harvest for 3-4 years.The first yields are low, however, over time, the tree bears more fruit. The peak of fruiting occurs at the 10th year.

Cherry ripening period

Fruiting of the tree occurs in June-July. Harvesting times may vary due to weather conditions.

According to the ripening period, there are 3 main groups of cherries:

Most varieties are self-fertile. For the formation of the crop, it is necessary to have pollinators with the same flowering period. They are located at a distance of 3-4 m from each other. If it is not possible to place several trees on the site, use one strong stock. 2-3 necessary hybrids are grafted to it. Pollination occurs with the participation of bees and other insects. Planting melliferous plants helps to attract them.

For the formation of ovaries, other conditions must be met:

• stable temperature about 15 ° С;
• dry weather;
• no heat.

Description of the fetus

The fruit has a rounded shape, the surface is smooth, with a characteristic shimmer. The weight ranges from 10-12 g, more than that of the Talisman or Zabuta varieties, which are also considered large-fruited. The largest berry weight is 18 g. The fruits have a dark red peel.

The skin is thin, dense, which makes it possible to transport berries over long distances. It separates well from the bone. Excessive moisture can cause the peel to crack.

The fruits contain a large amount of useful minerals and vitamins. Doctors recommend using this fruit for heart disease.

The pulp of the fruit is juicy, gristly, dark red, like the juice. The berries have a sweet and sour taste. Tasting score - 4.6 points out of 5.

The fruits are excellent for preservation, as well as for fresh consumption.

Landing rules

In order for the tree to take root in the new soil and give a rich harvest, it must be planted correctly and on time. The planting process includes the choice of seedlings, planting time and place, soil preparation.

Cherries are best planted in spring. At this time, the soil thaws, frosts pass. It is not recommended to plant a plant in autumn, since during winter frosts all moisture will leave the shoots.

Sapling selection

For planting, you should choose one-year or two-year seedlings. The root system can be closed or open. It is better to buy seedlings in specialized stores or nurseries. You should pay attention to the following nuances:

1. Root system. It should be well developed, without dry or broken roots.
2. Branches. The branches of the seedlings should be intact, strong and resilient.
3. Bark. In a good seedling, it will be smooth, without damage. You should not choose a tree if there is no bark or wrinkles in some areas of the trunk.
4. Vaccinations. The grafted tree takes root well. It is better not to purchase seedlings grown from seed.

Pick-up location

Large-fruited cherry is a thermophilic garden tree. It is not recommended to plant it in ravines and ravines, where cold air will stagnate. For planting, it is better to choose the sunny side. Care must be taken to ensure that no shadow falls on the tree from other trees and structures. And it is also necessary that pollinating trees be present nearby.

The distance between trees in one row should be approximately 3 m. When forming a garden, the distance between rows of trees should be at least 5 m.

Soil selection

Large-fruited sweet cherry is unpretentious in the choice of soil. But it is best to plant it in loamy or sandy loam soils. They contain the optimal amount of water and air.

Swampy and sandy soils are the least suitable. In the first case, water will be retained, and rotting of the root system may occur.In the second case, the soil will be too dry for cherries.

When choosing a soil, it is necessary to take into account the location of groundwater. The distance should be at least 1.5 m to the root system.

Planting a tree

First you need to prepare a landing site. This must be done in the fall. Dig a hole 2 sizes larger than the roots of the tree.

Cherry is planted in spring, since the frost resistance of the shoots is low. And if such a tree is planted in the fall, it will freeze, since the water contained in the wood will freeze. But the sweet cherry planted in spring will have time to take root well in the new soil.

Before planting, the seedlings are soaked in water for 8-10 hours. Then a solution is prepared: mullein and clay are added to 6 liters of water in a ratio of 2: 1. Then the root system of the seedling is dipped into the prepared solution.

An earthen hillock is made at the bottom of the pit. It is necessary to drive a wooden stake or post into it. This is necessary to maintain the trunk of a young tree in bad weather.

The seedling is placed in the pit so that the roots are not damaged. Fill in half with soil and carefully tamp the soil. Now you need to pour in a bucket of water and fill the hole with soil to the end. The root collar should be left 4–5 cm above the surface. Having filled up the hole completely, the soil is tamped and watered. To keep moisture longer, the space around the trunk is mulched with fresh earth and peat.

The main rules for sowing seeds for seedlings

Sometimes, in order to grow cherries on their site, adapted to more severe climatic conditions, summer residents do not buy seedlings, but plant seeds (seeds) and grow seedlings.

If the cultivation of a fruit seedling takes place in the autumn-winter period, then the plant, of course, needs artificial lighting.

To do this, they resort to the following actions:

• the seeds are taken from ripe and healthy fruits;
• the seed must be fresh;
• drupes are placed in a moist substrate for several months for germination (the warmer the region, the shorter the germination period);
• after that, the seeds are treated with fungicides to improve preservation and to avoid the development of fungal diseases;
• then the bones are hardened in sand or sand mixture;
• when sprouts appear, the seeds are planted in prepared containers of at least 0.5 liters, filled with nutritious soil and with drainage (3-4 cm thick);
• the bones are placed in moistened soil to a depth of 1 cm, at a distance of 15 cm from each other, fall asleep on top and moisten the soil again;
• as the seedlings grow, they dive and later are transplanted into a larger container;
• young seedlings are regularly watered, gently loosened the soil.

Did you know? Bees can collect up to 35 kg of nectar from 1 hectare of a cherry orchard.

Care

Caring for large-fruited cherries consists in timely watering, pruning and feeding. Untimely fertilization or insufficient watering can affect the quality of the crop.

The planting site must be kept clean, weeds must be removed in a timely manner. You can loosen the soil around the trunk to better allow air and moisture to penetrate.

Watering

A young tree needs watering once a month. You need to add 20-40 liters of water under the barrel. During the period of active ripening of fruits, it is necessary to water it once every 15 days.

If the weather is dry, then watering is carried out every 5-7 days. But if there is a lot of rainfall, then you need to postpone watering. The most extreme watering point is 15 days before fruit ripening. This is necessary so that the fruits do not crack.

In autumn, trees are watered to prevent roots from freezing. The soil is moistened to a depth of 1–1.5 m.

Top dressing

There is practically no need to feed a young tree. He has enough applied fertilizers when planting. In the second year, you can feed with a urea solution. This will improve the growth of the garden tree.

In the third year, when the tree begins to bear fruit, the following fertilizers are applied:

1. In the spring, before the tree blooms, when digging, 30 g of carbamide is added per 1 m2 of land.
2. In the second half of summer, furrows are formed and 300 g of superphosphate in granules and 100 g of potassium sulfate are added.
3. In the fall, before digging, 15–30 kg of humus are introduced.

To reduce the acidity of the soil, lime, chalk or ash are introduced, depending on the type of soil. Such processing should be carried out once every 5 years.

In the fourth year, circular grooves 25 cm deep and wide are made around the tree. 200 g of urea is introduced and watered.

Pruning

When pruning, the shoots are shortened by ¼ or half. This is done to improve the quality of the berries. During the growth of the tree, you need to monitor the uniform development of the branches. When pruning, all sections are processed with copper sulfate. All vertical branches must be removed. Damaged or dry shoots are pruned immediately.

When the main skeleton of the tree is formed, when pruning, 60 cm of the growth of last year is left. To strengthen the trunk, cut off all branches that are below the skeletal ones.

Pests and diseases

Large-fruited cherries are the most resistant to diseases characteristic of such trees. The degree of fungal infection is very low.

Spraying or any other treatment is necessary only if absolutely necessary. There is no need to saturate the tree and fruits with chemicals unnecessarily.

To protect against rodents, the tree trunk is wrapped with roofing material. In winter, the tree can be covered with snow. You can make several layers with snow compaction. The formed crust will prevent rodents from getting close to the tree.

The tree trunk is whitewashed with slaked lime or other special means.

The most productive varieties that are very popular among gardeners are the so-called heavyweights, Talisman and Zabuta. These are relatively new varieties. Their yield is quite high and stable. They have good winter hardiness and are unpretentious. Any soil is suitable for them, they tolerate drought and high humidity well. Fruit weight reaches 5-6 g. These varieties have a high dessert value.

Napoleon

The relatively old variety Napoleon is becoming more widespread not only in the southern regions, but also in the central part of Russia. The main advantages of the variety are excellent keeping quality, drought resistance and transportation. Sweet cherry belongs to the category of late-ripening, strong development is observed before the first harvest. Ripening occurs in mid - late June.

Characteristics:

• height - 6 m;
• the first harvest - in 4-5 years;
• yield - 30 kg, in the southern regions - 70 kg.

The variety is resistant to frost, storage, transportation, fungi, cracking even in high humidity conditions.