What biennial flowers to sow on seedlings: names, photos, planting features

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Herbaceous biennial plants are monocarpic (from the Greek words monos - one, karpos - fruit), giving flowers or fruits once in a lifetime. They also include annuals and, as an exception, several perennials that die after fruiting: some types of bamboos, American agave.

The perennial American agave lives for 10-15 years, but it blooms once in a lifetime and then dies.

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Annual plants they go through the entire life cycle from a seed planted in the soil to the formation of flowers and fruits, in one growing season.

Perennial herbaceous plants retain the root system for several seasons of growth, while their aboveground part dies in winter.

Biennials originate from perennials, forced to adapt to the conditions of an arid or cold climate. In the first year, a leaf rosette is formed at the surface of the earth, in the second year, growth occurs in an arrow, flowering and the formation of fruits and seeds.

In the first year, celery develops a root (or a large rounded root crop) with a large rosette of leaves. The next year, celery forms a stem up to 1m high with small inflorescence umbrellas.

Houseplants Directory

You, most likely, often met the description of many plants, which indicates that this species belongs to an annual, biennial, or perennial plant. In order not to get confused, let's figure out why there are such classes of plants and what is the peculiarity of each of them.

Annual plants are plants whose life cycle lasts only one growing season (that is, the period that allows the plant to grow and develop; roughly, one cycle). Annual plants are characterized by growth, development and maturation, as well as flowering and dying off (the period of death). Thus, a plant that belongs to annual plants goes through one development cycle, and then withers and does not grow any more - it fades away.

Basically, annual plants are used purely for decorative purposes. Their bloom is lush and distinguished by a noticeable brightness, but not repeated. Of the closest and known to us annual plants, we can single out such as cauliflower, for example, peas, and dill.

Biennial plants differ from annuals in a longer period of growth and development. It is fully formed during the first year, but now it blooms and bears fruit in the second year - the name fully illustrates the specifics of the development of such plants. Between these two stages, without fail, a dormant period is characteristic for biennial plants. You can notice that the two-year-old plant has fully grown and formed the root system, stem, leaves, then the plant goes into sleep mode, and upon exiting it, the natural flowering phase begins.

You can give such examples of biennial plants from agricultural crops, such as carrots, cabbage, celery, beets, and if it goes into the sphere of plants, then violets, carnations, irises, asters - these are all representatives of biennial plants.

Perennial plants, on the other hand, have the specificity of blooming and living for much more than two years.Perennial plants bloom every year, before that they go through the same phases as any other plant species mentioned above, with the only difference that these phases are cyclical. Depending on the region where a particular plant lives, they also have nuances about the duration of flowering. In warm and adherent regions, perennial plants bloom continuously, but in a cooler climate in plants that belong to the perennial group, such a feature appears as a dormant period - this is a necessary condition for the plant to accumulate the necessary nutrients, so to speak, to put together all and bloom. Very often you can find the allocation of perennial plants that bloom all year round, using the concept of "evergreen perennials". Perennial plants are dominant in nature, since they do not require special conditions for development, therefore, we can notice their number and distribution much more often than biennial and, especially, annual plants. The most numerous are burdock and St. John's wort, which are characterized by significant numbers in nature.

Sowing dates for biennials according to the lunar calendar 2020

The seeding time is determined by several factors: the characteristics of each particular crop and variety, the manufacturer's recommendations (such information is indicated on the package with seeds), the climatic characteristics of the region in which cultivation is planned. But to understand on which specific days to plant biennial seeds for seedlings, you can use the Lunar Calendar 2020:

Auspicious days: in February - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 ;
in March - 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 14, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31;
in April - 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 24, 25.

Unfavorable days for planting biennials:

in February - 9, 21, 22, 23;

in March - 9, 19, 20, 21, 24;

in April - 8, 15, 16, 17, 23.

Examples of annuals, biennials and perennials

First, let's go to the garden. What is growing here from annuals? First of all - potatoes, radishes, tomatoes, peppers (sweet and bitter), cucumber, Savoyard and Peking cabbage, watermelon, melon, pumpkin (the pumpkin itself and its "relatives" - kruknek, zucchini, squash), eggplants, beans, peas, soy, corn, sunflower, physalis, rapeseed, borago, anise, basil, hyssop, coriander, dill, fennel, savory, chervil, garden purslane, all kinds of salads (including watercress), spinach, mustard, marjoram. For all of these plants, life begins with sowing seeds in spring and ends in autumn with harvesting in the form of tubers, root crops, seeds that give rise to life similar to their own in the next season.

Examples of biennial plants: cabbage (red cabbage, white cabbage, Brussels sprouts, leafy cabbage, kohlrabi). Onions - leeks and shallots. Root biennial plants - examples: carrots, rutabagas, turnips, radishes (white and black), beets, parsley, celery, parsnips. Leafy ones - parsley and celery - are also biennial. Little known but farmed valuable biennial plants, examples: Swiss chard (beetroot), common chicory, tsikorny salad, scorzonera (black root), oat root, shallots. Of the spicy aromas, caraway belongs to biennials.

Perennials are Jerusalem artichoke, sorrel, onion family (well-known batun, little-known slime, multi-tiered and chives), rhubarb, horseradish, artichoke, asparagus, stachis. Spicy aromas: tarragon (aka tarragon), lovage, thyme, lemon balm, mint.

Stock-rose

They are ideal for the background of flower beds or cover in the garden of non-aesthetic walls of buildings or fences, since the plant is powerful, the stem reaches a height of 1.5-2 m, covered with large leaves and large (up to 12 cm in diameter) flowers, the number of which can reach 200 pieces. And all this splendor is presented in a variety of multi-colored varieties - from the simplest to terry.

The plant blooms interestingly - within months, the buds bloom from the bottom up.

The plant is quite capricious, so it needs the most fertile, well-loosened area, where the sun shines all day.

Stock-rose in June, without any fuss, is immediately sown to a permanent place. Flowers require space - the distance between them is measured at 40-50 cm.To increase the likelihood of decorating a plot with flowers, you can sow 2-3 pieces of seeds together, and when they sprout, leave one sprout.

In the first season, the plant is busy growing basal leaves, in the second summer, the stem itself in flowers will appear from the center of the outlet.

Flowering biennial plants

Below are examples of those biennials that are loved by many and therefore well known.

Turkish carnations are the most beautiful Dutch varieties of these flowers - bright, large, velvety and tall. They love a sunny place and rich humus. Intolerant of moisture stagnation. Spectacular in large, lush groups. They should be protected from freezing by covering them with a layer of sawdust before winter.

The middle bell is a flowering plant of extraordinary, enchanting beauty. Pyramidal bushes 0.5 - 0.9 m high, with large double flowers of blue, purple, pink and white color. Loves the sun, you need to water at the root. Afraid of the winds - you need support.

Daisy is the beauty of spring, light-loving and cold-resistant baby (up to 10 cm in height). With early sowing, it will try to bloom in the first summer, but blooms profusely after wintering - it gives 20 - 30 inflorescences at a time. Colors are white, pink, red, burgundy. Prefers loose nutritious soil.

Forget-me-not is an unpretentious blue-eyed early spring miracle. Height 20 cm. Good next to tulips, daffodils, pansies, primrose. Rich bloom in a cool place with lacy shade. Decorates the garden and bouquets.

Viola - pansies. Without them, the flower garden is boring. Blooming profusely, curious, of all kinds of colors. Selection and hybridization have done their job, turning the little meadow flower into a real miracle.

Forget-me-nots

Forget-me-not (Myosotis) - Another sentimental variegated flower. Although the color of forget-me-nots is traditionally considered blue, there are also white and pink varieties. The flowers are small, collected in a graceful curl measuring 7-10 cm. It begins to bloom in early spring and continues until June, after which it loses its decorative effect. It reproduces easily by self-seeding.

Forget-me-nots are usually planted in May-June on temporary beds, and in August-September the time comes for "relocation" to a permanent place, when planting, they maintain a distance between plants of 10 × 10 cm. Prefers a cool and semi-shady location on fertile moist soils.

It is used to decorate ponds, shady forest edges and in traditional spring flower beds as a background plant.

The list of biennials planted in late spring or early summer is not so great; in addition to the above, these include lacfiol, primrose, bell middle (campanula), foxglove, verbascum (mullein), turkish carnation, holosteel poppy, donkey (evening primrose). Biennial flowers are good companions for early-flowering bulbs and are even, if you like, a great alternative for them.

Receiving and storing seeds

The main breeding method for biennials is seed. To obtain high quality pure-grade seeds, the biological characteristics of individual plant species and varieties should be taken into account. You need to know this, since the timing and duration of flowering, pollination methods, the rate of fruit ripening and shedding of seeds in different species and forms of biennials are not the same. Their fruits and seeds are also very diverse in morphological characteristics (shape, size, color), weight and chemical composition.

Even with the same storage conditions for seeds of different biennials, they have unequal viability. Its duration in various plants is from 2 to 4 years.In order to prevent pollination between varieties, to preserve their purity, they observe spatial isolation, that is, separate varieties are planted, keeping such a distance that pollen from flowers of one variety does not fall on flowers of other varieties. Although there are no exact data on the distance of spatial isolation, experience suggests that it depends not only on culture, but also on geographic and weather-climatic conditions.

Distance of spatial isolation when sowing some biennials (in meters), according to the methodological instructions of the experimental station of flower and ornamental plants.

Growing and caring for flower biennials

The testes of biennial flowering plants should be grown on a high agricultural background, which will meet the requirements for each crop. This contributes to the manifestation of the decorative qualities of the varieties and abundant flowering.

Due to poor soil conditions and lack of water, plants degenerate. Seeds from such plants do not produce full-fledged offspring.

Like many other plants, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers causes intensified development of vegetative parts in biennials due to the formation of seeds. To avoid this, you should not exceed the rate of nitrogen fertilizers, and give them more phosphorus during the budding period.

Care for seed producers is common: timely weeding, loosening, feeding, pest and disease control.

In some biennials (foxglove, Turkish carnation, grenadine carnation), side shoots are pinched in order to obtain large fruits and to accelerate seed ripening. In order to obtain high quality pure-grade seeds, we select the best plants typical for the given variety. We discard the rest as it blooms. When 75 percent of the plants bloom, we perform a full varietal cleaning, removing all atypical, underdeveloped and diseased ones.

We establish the varietal qualities of the plants that remain, and after that we start collecting seeds. We collect seeds from most biennials gradually, as they ripen. For flowers with fruits that are cracking, for example, for brothers, we collect the fruits (boxes) unripe, dry them indoors, covering them with paper on top so that the seeds do not scatter. In daisies, ripe seeds fall off very quickly, so they must be collected immediately. For forget-me-not, night violet, lunar, jaundice, a ripe plant, as a rule, is cut off after the seeds have ripened, and then dried and threshed.

We cut off the fruits of the Turkish carnation and grenadine, as well as the bells, and then dry them indoors and thresh them in the same place. We store flower seeds, keeping the temperature not higher than 10-12 degrees, avoiding sudden temperature changes. Excessive dryness of the air, like excessive humidity, negatively affects the viability of the seeds.

Annuals and perennials - what's the difference?

table). Before winter, the plants form a rosette of leaves, hibernate, and in the second year they bloom, set seeds. Biennials are considered to be quite winter hardy. But if a severe winter with little snow is expected, then I cover the plants with grass, fallen leaves, spruce branches. The main thing is to make sure that they do not spill out in the spring from excess moisture. Yulia PYATKOVA, Minsk Name of the plant Emergence of seedlings (days) Planting of seedlings in the ground A Turkish crop 8-10 End of August - beginning of September Bell 10-15 Beginning of September Lakfiol 10-12 Beginning of September Lunaria 8-10 End of August - beginning of September Daisy 10-14 Beginning of September Digitalis 15-20 Beginning of September Forget-me-not 8-10 End of August - beginning of September Stockrose 12-14 Beginning of September

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Life cycle of biennials

Biennials are usually planted for food or decorative purposes.Features of the life cycle allow you to determine what which plant is biennial:

In the first year after planting, the root system develops, small leaves and short stems appear.
At the first frost, the aboveground part falls to the ground. At the same time, the root system remains in the ground; in some cases, the culture is moved to a special storage facility. The plant will bloom only after the onset of cold weather, after which the temperature rises. This moment is taken into account when planting biennials in special front gardens.
After the passage of winter, a two-year-old plant forms a high and powerful stem, with an increase in temperature, flowering begins and fruits appear.
Ripe seeds can be harvested and prepared for sowing.