Goji planting and care in the open field. Goji pruning and shelter for the winter

15 July 2020 Admin Home »Slimming

How to take goji berries. Properties of goji berries. Recipe. How to make goji berry tea. Reviews of use and contraindications.

Currently, goji berries for weight loss are known in almost all countries of the world. In addition to this purpose, they are rich in a variety of antioxidants, minerals, vitamins and other nutritional components. They come from the Himalayas, where the ecology has retained its original properties.

There are a lot of rumors about these berries that they are practically endowed with miraculous properties for burning fat deposits, they help to treat Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, and their intake has a beneficial effect on the work of the cardiovascular system. Is this so ?!, will be described in detail in this short but capacious article.

How to grow goji berries at home

This issue requires detailed coverage. Therefore, within the framework of this review, the nuances of growing a fruit plant will be considered. Goji berries have gained popularity due to their use in various medicinal practices. The natural product is enriched with numerous minerals and elements. The use of berries in weight loss programs is widespread.

An alternative name for goji berries is Chinese Dereza. This is a sprawling shrub, the height of which reaches 3 meters. It grows mainly on the lands of the western and northern parts of China. The plant tends to gain color in warm climates. Experienced breeders have developed shrub varieties that are successfully grafted in an ordinary suburban area in Russia. Gardeners will be happy to share their experience of growing healthy berries in this review.

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Dereza from cuttings

If Tibetan Dereza bushes have already been planted on the site, the plant can be propagated with green cuttings, which are cut from the bushes in the second half of summer. Such plants cannot be planted in the ground in the fall, therefore, growing new specimens of wolfberry from cuttings will require free space in greenhouses, where the plants must be kept until spring.

For grafting, it is worth choosing a branch with a fragile bark, from the middle part of which cuttings 10 -12 cm long are cut. The prepared cuttings are soaked in a solution of growth stimulants, and then planted in boxes with a nutritious earthen mixture based on peat. It is useful to add loamy soil to the peat base. The planted cuttings of wolfberry are covered with foil, creating greenhouse conditions.

The appearance of roots is observed after 2-3 weeks, when the growth of leaves reaches the number of 3 pieces, the plants are transferred into pots of larger diameter, where young bushes of Tibetan barberry will winter. Caring for plants during wintering includes periodic watering and examinations for the presence of pests, which should be destroyed in a timely manner.

What varieties of goji berries will ripen in Russia

The buttock of a ripe goji bush is hung with many fruits. It is easy to notice the external similarity of the fruit of the tree with the berries of the barberry. However, the new berries are oblong, up to 2 cm long. The color of the fruits is red-orange. Branched stems of the plant are light, sometimes with a yellowish tinge. The surface of the branches is dotted with small thorns.The foliage is elongated in a light green shade. The ripening process is accompanied by the appearance of inflorescences of a delicate purple color.

Special breeding fruit crops are applicable for use in Russia. There are shrub varieties that can overwinter without consequences in soil with a climate from -15 ° C to -25 ° C. The most popular are:

1. The variety "New Bolshoy" (NEWBIG), on the creation of which Polish breeders worked. The fruits of the plant take on a rounded shape. The taste is very pleasant. Garden culture is not picky about urban smog. Easily tolerates drought and strong winds.
2. The Goji Lhasa variety is an early ripening crop that begins to bear fruit abundantly in 3-4 years. This period will pass from the moment the seedling is planted.
3. "Chinese Goji" - bushes with a high percentage of fruiting. Average ripening times.
4. NR1 Lifeberry is a frost-resistant shrub. Armed with immunity from a variety of diseases.

Scientific research has shown that bush fruits cause diuretic activity. Do not consume the berry in unlimited quantities. There are risks of health problems if control is not followed.

a brief description of

Goji in translation from Chinese means "dereza", as they are called by the people. The plant belongs to the nightshade family. Dereza is an abundant shrub that grows up to 3 m in height.

The branches of the bush are prickly with small leaves growing on them. The rhizome grows in powerful shoots deep underground.

Important! Be very careful as goji berries tend to thin the blood. That is why they are not recommended for people who are prone to bleeding. This can cause significant harm to a person or, in the worst case, be fatal.

If you start growing goji berries at home, then over time they will acquire a more decorative look: the branches will become more pleasant yellowish, the leaves will become green on top and bluish - on the bottom.

Dereza flowering is admired from June to October. The flowers take on a shade from pink to dark purple and have a delicate pleasant aroma.

When the berries are ripe, they completely envelop the branch, are elongated and bright red in color. The average fruit length is about 2 cm. The plant begins to bear fruit three years after planting.

Suitable place for growing goji in the garden

In order for the shrub to bear fruit abundantly and develop in the conditions of the personal plot, it is necessary to organize good lighting. However, flowering in direct sunlight during hot times can negatively affect the process. Experienced gardeners recommend planting a tree in an area of ​​light shade. An example is a plot of land on the south side of a tall rowan or sea buckthorn tree.

The plant is not picky about soil features. In the wild, culture grows even on rocky terrain. When placed in the garden, you can try to bring the growing conditions of the shrub closer to the most natural. For this, an alkaline substrate is used. Practice shows that the dereza will be able to take root on neutral soils. Compliance with the specific moisture content of the earth is a priority requirement. In conditions of waterlogged soil, in places of flooding and a marsh environment, the plant will die. Farmers suggest using drainage before planting a seedling in the ground. This will prevent stagnant moisture in the root system.

Site selection and preparation

Alkaline soil is most suitable for goji berries, but they can grow with any soil composition. Choose a location that receives plenty of sunlight and does not stagnate water.

To prepare a place for planting a seedling, dig a hole 50-60 cm wide and 40 cm deep.When planting several bushes at once, place the holes at a distance of 1.5-2 meters from each other.

For better growth and development of the plant, pour about 200 g of superphosphate into the pit, as well as 9-10 kg of humus and 40 g of wood ash, mix it all.

Growing useful berries from seeds

Summer residents are wondering about growing goji from seeds. This is because plant seedlings are expensive. On the Internet and in a specialized nursery, seeds are sold from which healthy seedlings can be grown.

In order to save money, people practice the purchase of dried fruits of the plant on the market. In this case, there is a great risk of being left without a crop, since it is impossible to foresee what the seedling will be like. There is no guarantee that in a temperate climate, he will be able to gain strength.

If the purchased seeds are grafted, then sowing is done simply:

1. A box is prepared with a mixture for growing seedlings (nutrient substrate).
2. The surface of the earth is moistened. Seeds are laid at the base. No pre-processing is required.
3. Seeds are covered with a soil layer of no more than 3 centimeters.
4. The landing box is placed in a lighted room.
5. For 15 days, the surface of the earth is sprayed daily.
6. On the 16-17th day, young seedlings will appear from the ground.
7. When the plants reach 7 cm seedlings, they can be planted in garden beds.

After the seedling cotyledon opens, the plant needs to be treated with phytosporin. The event will protect crops from the attack of fungal infections. Subsequent growth is accompanied by fertilizing from mineral fertilizers with a predominance of potassium humate.

General conditions for growing

Goji is an unpretentious and frost-resistant shrub. Therefore, cultivation is possible not only in the southern regions, but also in the Moscow region, Siberia and the Urals. This plant is also popular in Belarus. But in regions in which the climate is very different from the southern, the shrub will require more attention and careful care. For example, it is recommended to first plant seedlings in a greenhouse so that they grow a little stronger, and only then transfer them to open ground.

Soil requirement

Despite the fact that the shrub is not too demanding, it is advisable not to plant it on rocky soils. The plant will take root on them, but it is better to create more comfortable conditions for the seedlings. Neutral or alkaline soil will do. Acidic is also acceptable, but less preferred.

In the selected area, water should not stagnate, the soil is desirable loose and nutritious.

Therefore, when planting, do not forget to add humus, fertilizer, wood ash.

Illumination

Dereza is a light-loving plant. On the site, they choose a sunny or slightly shaded place, sheltered from drafts.

Humidity

The shrub does not like excessive moisture. But an adult plant can tolerate both it and drought without consequences. For young seedlings - especially at first - high humidity or dryness are destructive.

Optimum temperature

Goji adapts to high and low temperatures.

1. In winter, an adult shrub can survive severe frosts (down to -25 ° C).
2. In summer - prolonged heat (up to + 40 ° С).

When growing a shrub from seeds indoors, the temperature should reach + 25 ° C. Young plants are planted in open ground at temperatures from + 20 ° C. Or keep them in a greenhouse until the air warms up sufficiently. The optimum winter temperature for goji is + 10 ° С.

Correct planting of seedlings

The main thing is to observe the correct technology for planting seedlings in the ground in the country. The procedure is carried out in the spring. By the summer season, the root base will get stronger. She will prepare for the frost.

When several shrubs are planted, rows of seedlings are formed. The distance between them is a gap of 1.5 meters. The distance between the row is 2.5 meters. The landing pit should correspond to dimensions of 50x50x50 cm.Add to the soil extracted from the pit:

• 1 bucket of compost;
• 1 liter can of wood ash.

First, drainage from fragments of bricks or pebbles is laid on the bottom of the pit. Next, the compost and ash are mixed with the ground. The enriched soil is laid in a depression. If the seedlings were grown in a nursery, then they are planted in a pot. This is a biological shipping container. If the pot is not recyclable, then the seedling is removed. It is planted together with an earthen clod.

Not far from the landing, a solid 2-meter support is driven in. If necessary, a metal or wooden frame is used. The support serves as a support for the plant, preventing it from bending to the ground.

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Disembarkation and care in the open field

Goji grows well and bears fruit in sunny areas. For best pollination, plant at least two different varieties of plants. Keep in mind that an adult bush grows strongly in breadth, so the layout is 3 × 3 m.

In order for adult goji bushes to have enough space, it is necessary to place seedlings at a distance of 3 m from each other.

1. Dig a hole larger than the size of a glass, put a handful of compost and a teaspoon of ash on the bottom, mix with the soil.
2. Fill the well with water and let it soak.
3. Take out the seedling with a clod of earth, place it in the hole, you can deepen it by 1–2 cm, cover the roots with earth.

Goji seedling should be planted with a clod of earth, deepening by 1–2 cm

As in the seedling period, keep the soil always moist and loose. Feed complex garden mixes - they are sold under different brands, available for spring, summer and fall. Bring each one on time and according to the instructions.

When growing an adult bush every year in spring (in April or May) and in autumn (in September or October), dust the ground under the bush with ash and loosen, stirring, to a depth of 2-3 cm.

Not later than the beginning of July, pinch the top so that the seedling has time to form side branches before autumn. In subsequent years, the bush will need regular pruning. Goji grows according to the same principle as currants, gooseberries, barberry, that is, the root will give young shoots. Leave the strongest of them, shorten by a third for branching. Cut loose and dry. An adult bush can consist of 10–20 creeping shoots. Make props for them or tie them to stakes.

Video: shaping and garter goji vertically

The opinions of seed producers and gardeners about winter hardiness differ. On the website "Aelita" it is written that goji is a cold-resistant culture, but in fact, many bushes freeze out in the first winter. Therefore, in the fall, when the ground is covered with a crust from frost:

1. Sprinkle dry mulch around the bush.
2. Bend the shoots to the ground and secure with thick wire pins.

Before the shelter, it is better to tie the goji bush with ropes, as there are a lot of stems and they will "move apart"

In the spring, immediately after the snow melts, remove the shelter, otherwise the shoots may become rusty, moldy, and then completely rot.

In Siberia and other regions with deep snow cover, only the tops of the shoots that are above the snow freeze. So, here it is enough to bend the goji to the ground. In the southern regions, where winter is never lower than –20… –25 ° C, goji winters safely without shelter.

Features of plant care

Experienced gardeners recommend caring for plantings in a standard way. The culture loves watering on time. Requires feeding. At a certain point, pruning and preparation for the winter period is carried out.

Irrigation and fertilization stage

Goji shrub in the garden is drought tolerant. Frequent wetting of the earth will have a detrimental effect on him. Moderate watering (2 times a week) is important only in the first year after planting. If it rains outside, then artificial watering is excluded.

The procedure for applying fertilizers to the soil is required only in the second year of the plant's life.As you remember, in the first year, the soil was fertilized before planting. In the new year, mineral feeding will be required only in the spring, so that the plant enters the active phase of foliage growth.

Shrub pruning and preparation for wintering

Before starting work with pruning shears, 3-6 strong skeletal branches of the bush are determined. Further activities are carried out based on them. The skeleton of the tree will be overgrown with numerous shoots that will begin to bear fruit. Dereza is planted in the garden as an ornamental plant. Designers form small trees from a bush with one main shoot. When the tree reaches a height of 1.20 cm, a stem and crown are formed.

Preparation for wintering involves the hilling procedure. This will prevent the root system from freezing. Next, the soil is insulated with a layer of mulch 10 cm thick. It is recommended to cover the branches with burlap or non-woven material made of agrofibre or lutrasil. The formation of a layer of spruce branches will not interfere. When snow falls, drifts form around the tree.

Protecting the goji bush from possible pests and diseases

Although there is information that the wolfberry copes well with diseases and pest attacks, the problems caused by such manifestations have not escaped it either. The greatest harm to goji bushes is caused by such harmful insects as: aphids and the Colorado potato beetle. Aphids are clearly visible on the young stems of the plant, and the beetles begin to gnaw the flowers of the wolfberry. There are attacks by the caterpillars of the winter moth and other gnawing insects, which can destroy up to 20 cm of the length of young stems in just one night.

If you do not want to use chemicals, then a simple infusion on the wormwood herb will help get rid of such uninvited guests. In case of extensive damage, you still have to use insecticidal agents, which are available in large quantities in specialized stores. Such drugs as Aktara, Fitoverm, Karbofos, Actellik and others with a similar spectrum of action use polarity.

Often, if the cultivation technique is violated, wolfberry plants fall ill with late blight and powdery mildew. Basically, this provokes a lack of top dressing with wood ash, as well as an incorrectly selected substrate, too close arrangement of bushes.

For the fight, it is recommended to carry out treatment with fungicidal agents, such as Fundazol or Bordeaux liquid.

• Read more about the fight against possible diseases and pests of brugmansia

reference Information

The woody shrub Dereza (Lycium) belongs to the Solanaceae family. The variety includes 80 types of shrubs and trees. The plant grows in arid and salty soils.

The shrub reaches 2-3 meters in height. Covered with thorns. Some plant species reach 10 meters in height. The length of the leaf is up to 8 cm. White, purple or greenish flower petals grow in separate inflorescences.

The flowering phase occurs in the summer. This is an excellent honey plant that does not fade for the entire decade. The fruits of the plant look like an oblong berry of yellow, red or orange color. Some varieties have black and purple hues. Ripening occurs in mid-summer or early autumn.

The fruit crop contains vitamin compounds of groups A and B. The composition contains nicotinic acid and polysaccharides. Due to the content of alkaloids, it is classified as a poisonous fruit. Small doses of the plant are used in medical practice. Treat kidneys and liver. Used in weight loss formulations.

In the world there are African, Tibetan, Chilean, Shanghai and Chinese dereza. The name Goji berry stuck to the Chinese fruit tree. These are the "berries of happiness", which, according to the beliefs of Chinese treatises, promise health, good luck and immortality to a person who has tasted the fruit. From a medical point of view, the berries are edible. Helps to strengthen the immune system. Neutralize attacks of depression and blues.

Dereza grows naturally along road routes. It takes root in the thickets of the forest.It ripens even on wastelands and rocky slopes. Bushes of useful berries are found in Central Asia, in Southeast Asia, the countries of Primorye and Central Russia. Deposits are known in Ukraine, the Caucasus and the Kuban.

Gardeners are happy to use grafted Goji tree varieties to decorate their grounds. Used as a hedge.

The fertility of the plant after 3 years of flowering reaches 10 harvests in 1 year. Each time it is possible to collect from 1-10 kg of berries from one bush. The fruiting phase begins at the beginning of the summer season. Lasts until autumn. Dry berries are used for food. They are used in cooking. It tastes like raisins. But fruits contain more vitamins.

How to brew goji berries correctly.

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Top dressing

Dereza grows even on poor soils, but the best fruit quality is observed on soils with average fertility. You can feed young plants during the growing season, then no additional feeding is needed.

Goji is a berry that is used as a dietary supplement to promote health, as a weight loss aid, and more. It is often called "the cure for a thousand diseases."

There are many ways to use goji berries: tea, tinctures, decoctions are prepared from them, taken in the form of juice and simply in dried form. Let's figure out how to properly use goji berries in order to preserve the beneficial properties and bring maximum benefit to the body.