Forsythia planting and care in the open field pruning reproduction. Summer pruning forsythia How to properly form a forsythia bush

Many readers of "Popularly about health" are interested in the Forsythia shrub, care in the fall and preparation for winter. Therefore, I will consider what you should pay close attention to, how to protect yourself from mistakes.

Plant features

Forsythia is a sprawling shrub that can be considered, without exaggeration, a real symbol of autumn. Its broad, tall and bright yellow crown makes this plant stunningly beautiful.

The plant is quite unpretentious and does not require any special labor costs, both in the autumn period and throughout the year. Forsythia is widespread in European countries, where it is a real decoration of many cities and squares.

Despite its unpretentiousness, preparing forsythia for winter is still required. About once every 4 years, the shrub should be pruned, primarily for the purpose of rejuvenation. From time to time, other gardening procedures are required, which will allow the plant to more easily survive the cold season.

Top dressing and mulching

The introduction of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers in the fall, as is done in the case of many other plants, in the case of forsythia, is not required. On the contrary, this procedure is considered extremely undesirable, since the shrub can receive additional incentive and not properly prepare for the winter.

The process of preparing the shrub for the winter period should begin by stopping the application of nitrogenous fertilizers, around the end of August. Throughout the entire autumn period, forsythia should not receive any additional feeding.

Conversely, mulching is highly recommended. For this procedure, use humus, peat, or a mixture of the above ingredients and dry foliage.

The mulch layer should be about 10 to 15 centimeters and should cover the root collar. On top of a layer of humus, you can lightly send a small amount of river sand.

Autumn transplant technology

From time to time, as the bushes grow, it is recommended to plant or transplant forsythia. This procedure is considered uncomplicated. For planting, you will need any soils, alkaline or acidified. It is important that they are relatively dry. The plant does not like wet soils.

It is better to replant the shrub in the fall. In this case, forsythia will have enough time to take root in a new place and, with the onset of the warm season, enter the active growing season.

Holes are dug under the seedlings, the diameter of which depends on the size of the surviving shrubs. In general, the dimensions of the hole should be 50 centimeters in diameter, about 35 centimeters deep. The distance between the bushes should be at least a meter, but better than one and a half.

For best drainage, a little rubble, gravel or expanded clay should be placed at the bottom of the hole. Next, a mixture of foliage, sand and peat is placed on the bottom of the hole, which will protect the roots of the shrub from contact with the sharp edges of stones.

Next, the shrub itself is introduced into the hole, after which it is slightly dripped in. The root part must be compacted and be sure to water abundantly. Sprinkle the plant on top with a soil mixture of soil and peat.This completes the planting and transplanting procedure.

Pruning forsythia

These skills should be possessed by every gardener on whose site this beauty grows. It is thanks to the autumn pruning procedure that forsythia is maintained in a beautiful aesthetic form. In addition, by pruning the plant for the winter, it is possible to reduce the consumption of nutrients, which are so necessary during the cold season.

When pruning forsythia in the fall, you should adhere to a certain plan. In the first, dried stems, with cracked bark or withered leaves and inflorescences, will be very removed. Such shoots stand out very well against the general background.

All branches growing from the periphery to the center should also be cut off. Such shoots contribute to the intertwining of branches and therefore it is better to get rid of them. The plant should be rejuvenated from time to time. For this, most of the old shoots are usually removed. Depending on the size of the shrub, you can leave from 5 to 10 trunks.

Shelter features

In most regions of Russia, covering forsythia for the winter is mandatory. The only exceptions are the southern territories: Kuban, Crimea, Caucasus and some others. Covering material is spruce branches or spunbond.

To begin with, the shrub must be well watered, which will protect the roots of the plant from rapid freezing. Further, the forsythia branches are carefully bent to the ground, while preventing them from being damaged and pinned.

The covering material is fixed with stones or other heavy objects. The main thing is that strong gusts of wind do not destroy the structure. In addition, the forsythia branches are quite elastic and therefore a large mass is needed to keep them in a stationary position.

Autumn care for the forsythia shrub does not require special botanical knowledge from the gardener. Thanks to simple actions, even not too experienced gardeners will successfully cope with the preparation of the plant for the winter period.

5 minutes read

Beautiful bright yellow bell-shaped flowers bloom en masse on bare branches immediately after the snow melts. And only at the end of flowering foliage blooms and the growth of shoots begins, which will delight the eye with yellow abundance in the following spring. Forsythia European or Forsythia, planting and caring for which is quite simple, has a habitat in Albania and in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. Other species were chosen by Japan, Korea and China.

Popular varieties of forsythia with photographs and the birthplace of their growth

It was first discovered in the southeastern part of Europe, specifically on the mountain slopes of the Balkan Peninsula.

This shrub is not very tall, about 2 m high (12 years -3.5 m). Leaves up to 7 cm long. The flowers are golden yellow, have a weakly pronounced bell shape.

Homeland: northern part of China.

Special characteristics: slightly curved branches, leaves up to 10 cm long, light yellow flowers, large, with slightly twisted openwork petals. Compared to European forsythia, this plant is more sensitive to low temperatures.

Photo. Forsythia ovoid

Comes from the deciduous forests of the Korean Peninsula. It is considered the most winter-hardy and drought-resistant, and therefore extremely popular in Central Russia, since it is possible to grow it without shelter.

Varieties and their features:

1. "Melisa" (dwarf and very compact crown)
2. "Tetragold" (dark yellow flowers)
3. "Spring Glory" (longest flowering period, color varies from yellow to crimson depending on flowering time)

The wild hanging forsythia is still found in the North and Central regions of China.

Arcuate branches drooping. The flowers are golden yellow, small, growing in bunches along the shoots.

1. variegated (leaves with a golden tint);
2. purple-stemmed;
3. deceptive;
4. Fortune (dark yellow flowers);
5. Siebold;

Photo. Forsythia is greenest

Homeland of growth: Eastern China. Wild forsythia loves mountain slopes and covers them with whole thickets. Features: very dark, long (up to 15 cm long), serrated, oblong leaves. The flowers can also have a greenish tint.

Intermediate forsythia is a hybrid between dark green and hanging. It is characterized by a wide selection of different decorative shapes. Here are some of them:

1. "Fiesta"
2. "Beatrix Farrand"
3. "Lindwood" (formed as a standard plant)
4. "Variegata"

It should be noted that there is one more species - Snow Forzition, or Abeliophyllum.

Unfortunately, this species is endangered, listed in the Red Book and is extremely rare.

Forsythia varieties

The most popular and beautiful species and varieties of forsythia:

European forsythia (Forsythia europaea) is the most common type of shrub. This is a short bush with upright branches, its height is no more than 2 meters. The leaves are oblong, with a solid edge about 7 cm long. The flowers of the plant are solitary, golden in color.

Forsythia giraldiana - in appearance, the bush resembles a European species, but is sensitive to low temperatures. The native land of the species is northern China. The shrub is low, up to 2 meters with straight, slightly curved tetrahedral branches in yellow-brown tones. The leaves are oval, dark green. Giralda blooms in May with graceful delicate flowers of light yellow color with twisted petals.

Forsythia ovate (Forsythia ovata) is a shrub from 1.5 to 2 meters in height with spreading grayish-yellow branches native to Korea. The leaves are bright green in summer and turn purple in autumn. Flowers are single, bright, yellow, petals are elongated. It is a drought-resistant and winter-hardy species that is successfully grown in central Russia. Among the ovoid forsythia, the following popular varieties can be distinguished:

Hanging or drooping forsythia (Forsythia suspensa) is a spectacular beautiful species, bred in China, with a lush spreading crown shape. The height of the bush can reach up to 3 meters. The branches of the plant are arched, drooping, can be olive or reddish. Flowers of yellow color are collected in several pieces in a bunch. Among the forsythia drooping, varieties are distinguished:

The greenest forsythia (Forsythia viridissima) is a tall shrub with upright green branches with densely growing oblong-lanceolate, toothed green leaves in the upper part. It blooms with yellow flowers with a slightly greenish tinge, which are collected in bunches. Forsythia viridissima is a heat-loving and drought-resistant plant and is suitable for the warm climate of the southern regions. Needs winter shelter.

Forsythia average (intermediate) (Forsythia x intermedia) is a hybrid of forsythia wilted and green forsythia. The bush of forsythia is medium - high (up to 3 meters), with oblong leaves of dark green color. The foliage retains its green color until autumn. Flowering time - late April - early May with bright yellow flowers, which are collected in bunches in several pieces. All varieties of intermediate forsythia are frost-resistant, drought-resistant and grow rapidly. The most popular ones are:

Forsythia snowy or white (Forsythia abeliophyllum) is an unusual variety with old flowers, in the buds - pale pink. The bush is up to 2 meters high, the leaves are oval in shape, the lower part of which is painted in a purple hue.

Features of growing forsythia in the open field

It is known that forsythia is extremely popular in landscaping European cities. It can often be found on the streets and in parks. This is due not only to the attractive type of plant, but also to the fact that it is unpretentious and undemanding. Caring for forsythia does not require special gardening skills and will not cause trouble even for the inexperienced.

Planting season

Forsythia is planted in spring or early autumn before frost.

Planting is done either in early autumn, before the onset of frost, or in spring.

Reference:

Remember to mulch the soil with dry leaves, especially when planting in early fall.

Planting forsythia yourself

Soil requirements are as follows: light loam or calcareous, slightly alkaline dry soils.

Reference:

The site must be protected from the wind!

The planting scheme is as follows: 0.7 - 1.5 m between plants in a group planting, the hole for each plant should be 50x50x60 cm in volume.

Tamping the pit before planting the plant:

1. 12 cm of drainage (crushed stone, broken brick);
2. 10 cm of sand;
3. a mixture of leafy soil and peat in a 2: 1 ratio;
4. 200 grams of wood ash;

After planting, the land must be compacted without fail.

Forsythy landing

Forsythia is a popular plant for landscaping European cities, where it can be found in squares, city parks or just on the streets. The secret of the plant's popularity is not only in its attractive appearance, but also in its unpretentiousness. Forsythia, planting and caring for which is not difficult, is easy to grow in your country house even for a novice gardener.

Choosing a place and time for landing

The shrub is planted in the spring, but it is possible to transplant the bush to a new place in the fall, so that the plant has time to adapt to winter. Choose a sunny, well-lit and calm place for planting, especially protected from drafts and cold winds. In the shade, forsythia will not give a lush and abundant flowering.

What kind of soil is suitable for planting?

For abundant bright and long-lasting flowering of forsythia, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil for planting. The plant grows well and develops in nutritious, moisture-permeable soils. The best soil composition for planting:

• humus;
• river sand;
• leafy land.

All soil components are taken in equal parts. When planting in acidic soil, it is recommended to add lime, charcoal or ash to it and dig it up. If the soil is heavy, with poor air permeability, it must be fertilized with rotted manure, peat and river sand.

How to plant forsythia seedlings

For planting seedlings, pits are prepared with a size of 50x50x60. The distance between plantings of shrubs is 1.5-2 meters, since the shrub is spreading and grows rapidly.

Stages of landing:

Outdoor care for forsythia

The plant is unpretentious, caring for it does not require special care. It should only be noted that forsythia is light-requiring, therefore, constantly shaded planting areas are undesirable for it. Watering is moderate; in dry weather, the plant needs no more than 10-12 liters of water per month.

Fertilization three times per season:

1. For the first time with rotted manure along the near-trunk circle (not close) with abundant watering (period: early spring);
2. Then a full-fledged mineral fertilizer at the rate of 60-70 grams per 1 m² (April);
3. Top dressing "Kemira-universal" 100-120 grams per 1 m² (period after flowering);

Purpose of trimming

Pruning forsythia in autumn is an important procedure in the care of shrubs, which allows you to achieve several goals:

• give the plant a certain shape, since forsythia quickly grows new shoots, in one season a properly formed bush easily becomes sloppy;

• stimulate the growth of new shoots in order to achieve uniform flowering of forsythia throughout the crown;
• heal the bush;
• prevent the development of diseases that can arise from a thickened, poorly ventilated crown;
• to prepare forsythia for shelter for the winter (for varieties that need shelter), short shoots in this case are much easier to cover.

Advice. If you want to rejuvenate and heal forsythia, do not overdo it. The plant blooms only on last year's branches, so try to remove only young shoots, otherwise you can cut off those shoots on which flower buds are laid. In addition, heavy pruning can weaken the shrub, which is undesirable before wintering.

Methods for breeding forsythia

The most successful breeding method for forsythia is cuttings

There are two ways to reproduce forsythia: seed and vegetative (i.e. root suckers, dividing the bush and cuttings).

In gardening, vegetative methods are, of course, popular.

If you prefer to grow forsythia by cuttings, then:

Cuttings are cut approximately 15 cm long, preferably in June. Further, the lower leaves must be cut off, the branch itself is treated with a rooting stimulator (root, epin, heteroauxin), after which it can be planted. Older and lignified cuttings can be planted in early autumn, before the frost begins, only it is necessary to form a cover of dry leaves so that the plant overwinters and takes root.

If you decide to grow forsythia by layering, then:

The young shoot should be bent to the ground and secured. Having previously cut the bark, fill it with fertile soil on top. Thus, the shoot will take root very soon and a new plant will form. The old branch can be cut after a year.

Forsythia seeds reproduce poorly, so this method is not popular among gardeners.

Vegetative propagation

Forsythia can be propagated:

• Seeds.
• Layers.
• Cuttings.

Cuttings are cooked in winter and kept moist in a cold place at a temperature of +2 degrees. Summer cuttings are carried out in late June - early July. For this, shoots of the first year are selected. Cuttings are cut with one or two internodes with an indent from them by 1 cm. The upper leaves are shortened by half, and the lower ones are cut off completely.

For rapid rooting, the prepared planting material is placed in a heteroauxin solution for 4-5 hours.

Then the cuttings are buried 3-4 cm in wet sand and covered with foil. They need to be planted at a distance of more than 5 cm. In hot weather, watering is carried out 4-5 times a day, in cool weather two times are enough. Roots are formed by the end of the fifth week. By winter, the soil under the cuttings is mulched with a thick layer (15 cm) of dry foliage. The next year, they can be planted in a garden bed, and they are placed in a permanent place only for 3-4 years, where they bloom.

The easiest way to reproduce is layering. For this, only weeping forsythia species are suitable. To do this, in the fall, the lower shoots are bent to the ground, slightly incised the bark at the site of the formation of future roots, pinned and added 10-12 cm with fertile soil. Within a year, the young plant will bloom.

Pests, bush diseases and how to deal with them

Forsythia undergoes bacteriosis and moniliosis, nematodes. In the first case, the plant cannot be helped in any way, and it can only be dug up by the roots and thrown away.

Miniliosis

Is a fungal disease characterized by brown spots on the leaves. Not to be confused with simple wilting, since such remedies as Fundazol or Zeneb (solution of 2-5%) save from wilting, while miniliosis can only be cured by cutting out all damaged tissue. Under the harmful effects of nematodes, the soil under the plant is disinfected with "Carbation".

Forsythia flowers. Photo

A characteristic common for all varieties of forsythia shrub

: tree-like shrub, early flowering, has small yellow flowers.

But the variety is different. There are seven of them and each captivates with its unique feature.

Intermediate forsion

, for example, the most brightly blooming, its flowers are dazzling golden, collected on a branch in groups of several pieces. It is also suitable for landscaping purposes, its bright green succulent leaves do not lose their color in autumn. It has several decorative forms, among which gardeners distinguish dense-flowered (with twisted flowers), wonderful (with a bundle-like arrangement of flowers) and primrose (with flowers located at the base of the branch).

Popular variety ovoid forsythia

... She is called a winter-hardy beauty for her ability to tolerate cold well even without shelter. Flowers - from bright yellow to dark yellow, numerous and large.

The original form is forsythia hanging

... Blooms in May with swaying large yellow bells. The branches of the plant are thin and drooping, making the bush look delicate, defenseless and very original.

You can appreciate these amazingly beautiful varieties by looking at the photo.

Pruning bushes

As usual, forsythia is pruned to remove dried and frozen branches

Forsythia undergoes only sanitary pruning, i.e. does not have special requirements. Dried branches are cut, adult shrubs have frozen ends of branches. Sometimes, after the flowering period, all forsythia branches are shortened by one third, if desired, giving the bush a spherical or cupped shape. But such radical methods are used, as a rule, to "rejuvenate" the bush, that is, in order to enable new shoots to germinate. This procedure should be done no more than once every 4 years.

Haircut: timing and tools

Forsythia can be pruned in spring, summer and fall. The timing of the autumn pruning for each region is individual, but remember that after the "haircut" for another couple of weeks, the above zero temperature should hold so that the cuts have time to tighten. In the northern regions of Russia, pruning is carried out in September, in the southern regions it is transferred to October.

For the procedure, you will need a pruner, a delimber or a hacksaw if you are planning to prune old thick branches. Slices on large branches (over 1.5 cm in diameter) should be treated with garden pitch. If the bush is young and pruning is carried out for the first time, immediately decide on the future shape of the crown. Typically, forsythia is chosen spherical or cupped. After pruning, the branches can be used for compost or raised beds, processed into mulch, it is better to burn diseased shoots.

Attention! Cut with a sharp tool only. Blunt or improperly sharpened will leave an uneven cut in which pathogenic bacteria or fungi can lodge. For the same reason, avoid pruning in rainy weather.

Landscaping: garden ideas

It has long been found that forsythia looks best against the background of dark green conifers, so spruce, thuja, and juniper usually go as companions. Forsythia itself is most often planted as a specimen (i.e. a single plant), or as part of mixborders (flower beds of free combinations). Hanging forsythia looks very impressive on the trellises of buildings, it is used for decorating slopes, in hedges.

To decorate their garden in early spring, many gardeners plant forsythia. Its bright and lush color gives a special sunshine to the site.

But in order for the bush to be lush and the flowers formed evenly, you need to know when to cut the forsythia and how to properly carry out this procedure.

Forsythia is a fast growing ornamental crop. It has the shape of a bush with multiple shoots. Therefore, its pruning is one of the important growing conditions.

Under natural conditions, forsythia grows up to two meters wide and three meters high. But as a landscape decoration, the growth of the bush is limited to 1.0-1.5 m.

Correction of the size and formation of the plant begins immediately after planting.

Fortification after formation

Usually the plant is pruned after flowering. Such pruning is used for a well-groomed bush.

Pruning before flowering is also possible. It is held in the first decade of April or in the last decade of March. At this time, leaves have not yet formed on the branches and the bush is clearly visible. Damaged branches and shoots thickening it are clearly visible.

If the forsythia is in a very poor condition, you can cut it off during flowering.

But such pruning will not bring much benefit to the plant. During this period, it is most vulnerable to diseases and pests.And the cut sites can cause infection of the bush with diseases and harmful insects.

The main pruning of the bush is carried out in the fall, at the very beginning. But don't cut too many shoots. This can significantly reduce the plant's immunity in winter.

If it is not possible to regularly prune the forsythia bush, you can grow special dwarf varieties on your site.

Such bushes grow very slowly, and their height practically does not exceed one meter. Dwarf species need exclusively supportive and sanitary pruning.

Annual main pruning is not required for these species. Shoots are shortened by one third every three years. If desired, a ball-shaped bush is formed.

Pruning forsythia can seem daunting. But it is quite possible to carry out this procedure on your own. Do not be afraid to spoil the bush, because new shoots grow very quickly.

Diseases and pests

Forsythia is resistant to many diseases and pests, but still sometimes it becomes infected with infectious diseases:

Among the main pest of forsythia, nematodes can be distinguished, which attack the roots of the plant, sucking out juice from them. Over time, the shrub weakens and dies. To prevent their attack on the root system of the plant, it is necessary to disinfect the soil with carbation. In addition, nematodes do not tolerate the pungent smell of marigolds or calendula. It is recommended to plant them next to forsythia.

How to properly prune a forsythia bush

Pruning forsythia depends on the purpose of its cultivation. Bushes are usually planted as a separate decorative element in landscaping or as a bright hedge.

If the plant is formed as a single bush, the first pruning is done after planting it in the open ground. All weak shoots are removed. In the first 2-3 years, pruning of such a plant consists in removing frozen and damaged branches under the root.

Further, the main pruning is carried out in the summer. Faded twigs are shortened by half. All damaged shoots are cut 6-7 cm from the ground. This is necessary to thicken the plant. Subsequently, young shoots are formed on these stumps.

The main stages of plant pruning:

• Removing all old branches at the root ¼
• Cutting dead branches
• Pruning dead branches
• At the last stage, the bush is given symmetry or an original decorative form.

Forsythia bloom

When planting a hedge in the first 2-3 years, pruning is not carried out. The plant must expel many long shoots, which are subsequently intertwined with each other.

This creates a dense corset of flowering branches. Further annually. It removes all damaged branches, as well as dead and dried shoots.

Forsythia is highly resistant to diseases and pests. But if, during flowering, branches affected by insects or any infection were found, they are recommended to be cut and burned.

After the bush is treated with special chemical or biological solutions.

With summer and autumn pruning, you can prepare material for. In June, 15-20 cm long green cuttings are cut and planted in a greenhouse.

In September, strong twigs are selected and cuttings 10-15 cm long are harvested. They are planted directly into the ground, leaving 3 buds above its surface. To shelter.

Description

Shrub up to 2 m in diameter and no more than 3 m in height belongs to the olive family. Introduced to Europe from China by William Forsyth, Scottish botanist and member of the Royal Horticultural Society.

A plant with a gray-brownish bark and simple oval leaves 4 to 13 cm long. The fruit is a capsule, pollinated by insects. Forsythia is completely undemanding and feels good in a shaded and sunny place. The main condition is growing on permeable soils. When the plant has faded, it is heavily pruned so that it does not grow much.Reproduction takes place by seeds and cuttings, which are taken during the growing season. Forsythia is not susceptible to diseases and pests. Some of its species are cold-hardy and cultivated in the middle of the country, although in severe winters the buds can freeze out. Weeping Forsythia in China is considered one of the 50 main medicinal plants.

How to prune forsythia and keep it looking natural

This decorative culture attracts many flower growers precisely with its long, flowering branches. But to get lush bloom, such. It is carried out according to the following scheme:

• Cut branches that are very low or that are in contact with the ground.
• Branches touching or rubbing against each other are removed
• Branches growing inside the bush are cut
• To improve illumination, branches thickening the center of the bush are cut

Forsythia in landscape design

To facilitate maintenance and reduce the frequency of pruning, the plant can be planted in an area where it will have enough space until it reaches natural maturity.

If the forsythia is in a very neglected state, it is not always possible to save it by sanitary and shaping pruning.

While watching the video, you will learn about forsythia.

Correct pruning of forsythia significantly affects its development and improves flowering. Therefore, its regularity and timeliness should be observed.

Only in this case it will be possible to quickly grow a lush bush with multiple flowers. And such a decoration in the garden not only attracts attention, but also gives a sunny, spring mood.

Attention super FLY!

Golden forsythia flowers are an unforgettable garden experience in April. After all, they bring comfort and peace to the garden area, making it noticeable and unique. In common people it is called "golden willow" or "golden bell". In order for the plant to please the eye, it is necessary to choose the right place for planting and prune it in time so that it grows healthy. This flower loves places with an abundance of sunlight, but it grows easily in shaded areas with calcareous fertile soil.

How to properly trim

Pruning forsythia, like other shrubs on your site, is within the power of everyone. There are a few simple rules to keep in mind:

However, once every 4-5 years, you can carry out a radical pruning of forsythia in order to rejuvenate. In this case, it is the old branches at ground level that need to be removed. The plant will not bloom in spring, but you will get a young and strong plant that will delight you with numerous flowers in the next few years.

So, correct pruning of forsythia will allow you to achieve abundant flowering, keep the bush healthy, and its shape neat and beautiful. Successful pruning!

What is forsythia

The second name of the plant is forsythia. It is an olive tree that produces bright yellow inflorescences in early spring. Plants are scattered all over the world: some of them feel great in Japan and China, and half live in Europe. It is named after a botanist from Scotland, who first brought it from China to Europe.

It is a small tree up to three meters high, with a rough texture of a gray-brown color. The foliage shape of forsythia can be different - from oval to trifoliate. There are jagged edges at the edges of the leaves, and their length varies from two to fifteen centimeters. Inflorescences bloom in spring, the flowers look like a bell of bright yellow color. The flowering period lasts about a month. The fruit of the plant has winged seeds.

The plant is great for landscaping, especially in the frame of conifers with emerald needles. With the onset of autumn, its leaves acquire a golden color or may turn purple with a purple tint.

Today forsythia is one of the most common plants for the improvement of streets, parks and squares in European cities.For them, forsythia is a kind of symbol of spring, the awakening of nature, which rose up after a winter sleep and painted the streets with the golden glowing flowers of the plant.

Early flowering is a characteristic feature of forsythia. Another advantage is its simplicity in the landing site and careful maintenance. But, unfortunately, she cannot live without pruning, so this moment must be treated very scrupulously.

Types of forsythia

• Giralda.
• Ovate.
• Greenest.
• Hanging.
• Average.

Giralda is originally from the north of China, outwardly similar to the European one. The leaves are serrated, oval, pale below and glossy dark green above. The abundance of medium-sized yellow flowers almost completely hides the shoots. Hardy enough.

Ovate forsythia grows in Korea and reaches a height of one and a half meters. Green glossy oval leaves, up to seven centimeters long. The flowers are bright yellow with elongated petals. The cultivation of the species is possible in the regions of the Non-Black Earth Region.

Hanging forsythia grows up to a height of three meters, the distribution area in nature is the north and central part of China. One of the most beautiful species, for which it is highly valued by Europeans. Can be bred on the territory of Crimea, Moldova, Caucasus. The foliage that is green in summer turns yellow and purple in the fall. Golden flowers (up to six in a bunch) have orange corolla tubes.

The greenest forsythia is a large plant with upright branches. Grows on the mountain slopes of China. The leaves are large, dark green. Flowers up to 3 cm long, yellow-green. On the territory of Russia, cultivation is possible only in the southern regions.

As soon as the weather is warm outside, the bush is covered with a solid golden lace. Blooms in March and continues through April. Within a month, yellow-golden flowers, somewhat similar to bells, flaunt on flexible and leafless shoots.

Forsythia is loved because of its unpretentious care, long and bright flowering, because the garden is just waking up from winter sleep, and forsythia is already shrouded in a fluffy cloud of flowers.

1. Light-loving plants, but can also be grown in partial shade.
2. Before planting, it is required to calcify the soil.
3. If you plant forsythia against the background of dark needles of plants, you can create a unique composition.

Spring is a good time to plant forsythia. You can transplant the bush to a new place in the fall. But it is important to take into account the time so that the plant can adapt to the new conditions of detention, before winter comes. The place is chosen bright, sunny, protected from cold winter winds, which have a detrimental effect on the shrubs.

The soil must be fertile. If the soil is heavy, poor air permeability is observed, it is required to add rotted manure, river sand and peat. Lime or wood ash should be added to acidic soil.

For planting shrubs, dig holes measuring 50 cm x 50 cm x 60 cm.

If you need to plant several bushes, the distance between them should not be less than 1.5 meters. The bottom of the pit is filled with a drainage layer, then filled with sand to a height of 10 cm. Next comes the soil mixture, which includes peat, sand and leaf earth in a ratio of 1: 1: 2. It is advisable to add wood ash when preparing nutrient soil.

To increase resistance to winter frosts, at the end of summer, forsythia should be fed with potash fertilizers containing phosphorus. At the end of summer, mulch is required: pour a layer of soil with sawdust to a height of 10 cm near the trunk. TO

the ustics are covered with spruce legs for the winter.

Do not use an airtight material such as plastic wrap. The fact is that at above-zero temperatures during thaws, flower buds can dry out and there will be no flowering this year.

An unpretentious plant is almost never exposed to diseases and invasion. But gardeners faced diseases such as moniliosis, fusarium wilting, and bacteriosis. To combat fusarium, a 2% solution of foundation is used. It is pointless to fight against bacteriosis, you can immediately throw out the entire plant so that the disease does not spread to other plantings.

It is quite difficult to fight the whitish worms. They multiply rapidly, attack delicate roots and suck the juice out of them. The plant weakens and dies over time. Worms do not like smell and, therefore, these tart plants can be planted next to forsythia, and even better, when the marigolds and marigolds bloom, pick the inflorescences and bury them in the ground next to the root system.

Forsythia is a cute and unpretentious shrub. When favorable conditions are created, the plant will delight with abundant flowering for many years. How pleasant it is to go outside and admire the golden scattering of forsythia flowers, while all the plants are just beginning to wake up from their winter sleep.

More information can be found in the video.

Forsythia (lat. Forsythia), or forsythia, is a flowering ornamental shrub that belongs to the ancient Olive family. Forsythia blooms in early spring with bright yellow bell-shaped flowers, which simultaneously cover the bare branches of the bush. The colorful bush effectively stands out in the garden against the background of other trees and shrubs that have not awakened. The homeland of forsythia is East Asia. The plant is named after the Scottish botanist William Forsyth, who discovered a primrose bush of unusual beauty in Europe - a bright spot on any garden plot after a long gray winter.

How is pruning done

Experienced gardeners say that the shrub should be pruned every three years so that its crown is formed correctly and does not lose its shape, and the bush itself will age less and be able to rejuvenate. It is worth remembering that forsythia has no flowers on old shoots, and if its height reaches 2-3 meters, then the buds are on last year's shoots.

The most careful pruning is done in the second half of spring, when it has almost bloomed. To do this, the shrub is thinned out, freeing from unnecessary branches, especially those that are at the surface of the earth.

The shrub is primarily used as a single planting on a lawn or lawn, but hedges are often formed from it. In this case, pruning is carried out in the summer, around mid-June, so that the branches of the bush begin to grow even faster.Cut branches do not need to be thrown away, burned or removed from the site. They can be used to get a new plant.

Cuttings twenty centimeters long are cleaned of the lower leaves, and the branches are planted in the sand in the greenhouse until they are completely rooted. The next year, the plant is transferred to a permanent place of residence.

Cutting should be done not only in spring, but also in summer, in order for the plant to look neat and well-groomed. Long shoots of forsythia should also be pruned so that they do not thicken the middle of the shrub, leaving the base bare. The plant should look evenly, otherwise, if cutting is not performed, then the shrub will bloom only on the upper branches, and the bottom will become empty. The plant will cease to be lush and will lose its decorative appearance. If forsythia is pruned every two to three years, then they will retain their decorative effect and abundant flowering.

Pruning, which restrains the growth of forsythia, consists in cutting off branching branches and old branches that have lost their attractive appearance "into stumps". They are cut at a 45-degree angle above the outer kidney. In order for it not to grow too quickly, the stems near the roots are also shortened by a third of the length of the branch. If the side branches hang too much, then they can also be made shorter by correcting the crown of the bush. In order to make the bush more rare, you can cut branches that have already grown old "on a stump".

If you do not cut the plant in a timely manner, then they will bloom poorly, foliage will begin to disappear, the shrub will lose its decorative appearance. But it is never too late to correct the situation, and the forsythia will again shine with golden bells, pleasing the eye of the gardener, a rejuvenating cut of the bush will be sufficient. Do it in the spring before flowering. In the first year, when they start such a rejuvenating cut, they simply leave five or six strong branches, and the rest of the shoots are cut "on a stump." So the branches will grow faster, and the plants will be activated for the growth of new shoots.

The next year, they cut through everything that has grown in the previous year, remove weak branches, and cut off the rest. To increase the efficiency of flowering, branches are made of different lengths, thus a beautiful crown is formed.

In the third year of the rejuvenating cut, the branches begin to produce abundant inflorescences, and the plants become strong and healthy.

If your garden plot is small and it is impossible to plant large forsythia, then you should purchase dwarf varieties from nurseries. After all, a small plot is not a reason to give up the most beautiful golden flowers that give a festive look to the garden. Arnolds Dwarf, Happy Centennial, Maree d'Or, or Bronxensis are suitable for this role. They grow more slowly and do not exceed a meter in height, while being quite compact. They have short branches that thicken the plant a lot, so there is no need to do the main pruning. But still, once every two or three years, the branches need to be trimmed a little so that they are healthy and well-groomed.

Reproduction

Forsythia reproduces:

• by the seed method;
• layering;
• cuttings.

Propagation by cuttings

Vegetative propagation by green cuttings is a common method for propagating shrubs. You can cut the cuttings in June. From a green shoot 15 cm long, the lower leaves are removed. The cut must be treated with a solution of epin or heteroauxin (placed for 4-5 hours) and planted in wet sand to a depth of 3-4 cm. The cuttings need to create a greenhouse effect in the form of a film or a transparent bottle. The distance between the planted cuttings should be more than 5 cm. Cuttings are watered 1-2 times a day; in dry weather, more frequent watering is required. For rooting, not only green cuttings are used, but also lignified cuttings, which are cut in October. They are planted immediately in open ground, leaving 2-3 buds on the soil surface and covered with dry foliage.

Layers

Layering propagation is the simplest and easiest way to propagate forsythia, especially this propagation method is suitable for varieties with drooping shoots that are easy to root. The lower shoots, hanging to the ground, are buried and pinned to the soil to a depth of 10-12 cm, the bark is pre-cut. In the spring, when a new bush takes root, it is planted in a new place. The next year the plant will bloom.

Seed propagation

Gardeners practically do not propagate forsythia by seeds, as this is a long and laborious process. You can collect the seeds at the end of autumn, they are in capsule fruits, which crack when ripe. You can also buy forsythia seeds at a flower shop. Seeds are planted in March in boxes or pots with fertile soil, watered abundantly. Seedlings should be covered with glass and ventilated regularly. The first shoots will appear in 4-5 weeks. When the sprouts reach a height of 4-5 cm, they are dived into the greenhouse or planted in open ground.

Distillation

To admire the beautiful flowering of forsythia not in the garden, but at home, it is necessary to prepare the shoots for distillation in advance. It is necessary to cut the shoot before frost; for cutting, choose young annual shoots 40-50 cm long from the core of no more than half the diameter of the shoot, otherwise the shoot will not take root. The cut shoot is wrapped in a plastic bag in several layers and placed in the refrigerator. To awaken the shoot, it must be immersed in warm water (30-35 degrees) for 4-5 hours. Put forsythia branches in water with added sugar (for 1 liter of water - 50 grams of sugar). Within 4-5 days, buds will appear on the branch, and after 5 days - the first yellow flowers, which will create a bright positive mood in the cold winter.

Preparing for winter

Despite the frost resistance of forsythia, it must be prepared in advance for wintering. At the end of summer, it is recommended to feed the plant with potash fertilizer with a high phosphorus content and mulch the near-trunk zone with a layer of soil with sawdust at a height of 10 cm. A bush, especially a young one, must be covered with spruce branches, dry foliage, branches. Before insulation, the branches of the bush are pressed tightly to the ground. Many varieties, such as ovoid forsythia, do not need shelter at all. It is worth remembering that you cannot use an airtight film as a shelter, since during a thaw, the buds can dry out and flowering will not occur in the spring.

Care

In addition to pruning, the plant needs a certain care complex. In spring, as soon as the snow melted, humus is laid next to it in a thick layer and watered from a watering can. Such fertilizer not only mulches the soil, preventing moisture from leaving the ground, but also nourishes the shrub with useful substances.

Immediately after the buds swell, seventy grams of mineral-based fertilizer should be added to the soil, and after the plant has finished flowering, the fertilizer should be supplemented with the composition of Kemira Universal (100-120 grams per square meter). In August, the plant is fed with fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium, using one hundred grams of double superphosphate and half the amount of potassium salt, so that the bush becomes more frost-resistant and easily endures the coming winter.

In addition to fertilizing, it is necessary to loosen the soil. If there is enough rain, then the bush does not need to be watered, and if there is heat and heat outside the window, then a bucket of water is poured under each root once a week.

In spring, dry branches are cut, and when the old plant is rejuvenated, it is necessary to cut off all the shoots "on a stump", then the plants will quickly acquire a decorative look, restoring the crown.

To prevent the plant from freezing in winter, it should be covered. This is done using dry foliage, coniferous spruce branches. It is not the easiest process, but the result is worth it and the reward will be abundant flowering.In the spring months, you can estimate how high the snowdrift was in the place where the plant was sheltering, because the bush will bloom only in places that were covered with snow.

Golden spots of blooming forsythia serve as the first bright decoration of the April garden, a harbinger of warmth and spring comfort. In order for this beautifully flowering shrub, which is popularly called "golden bell" or "golden willow", to please us with its flowering next year, it needs, first of all, to choose the right place in the garden and make pruning in time. Forsythia prefers sunny, sheltered from the wind, places, but also withstands partial shade, loves fertile soil with a sufficient lime content.

The timing and method of pruning promotes flowering

Experts recommend pruning every three years in order to prevent general aging of the bush, as well as to keep the crown from losing its shape. In shrubs from two to three meters in height, flower buds are formed on the shoots of the last year. There are no flowers on old shoots. Therefore, the most appropriate time for the main pruning is the second half of spring, at the end of the flowering period. First, thinning the bush is carried out, cutting out old branches close to the ground. If there are many lateral shoots on the branch below, it is cut off above them. In forsythia with mesotonic branching, the strongest lateral branches are formed mainly in the middle part of the maternal shoot. However, in its upper part, more intensive branching is observed, which leads to an arcuate bending of the branch. Also, long shoots appear directly near the highest point of the arc on the upper side of the branch.

Despite the fact that this plant is used primarily as a tapeworm or in mono-planting on the lawn, thanks to a certain pruning technique, a hedge can be formed from it. In this case, pruning should be carried out no earlier than June, so that the bushes sprout more intensively. Don't rush to throw away the cut branches - they can be used for propagation! Select green cuttings up to 20 cm long, remove the lower leaves from them and plant the cuttings for rooting under a greenhouse in perlite or sand. Thus, you will receive forsythia seedlings, which, after rooting, can be planted in the garden.

Regular pruning prevents the bush from being exposed

Even if you prefer to decorate your garden with plants with a natural crown or bush shape, forsythia must still be cut to make it look naturally tidy. Because without pruning, the upward-facing shoots get longer and stronger while the middle thickens quickly. All this leads to the fact that the base of the bush is bare and the plant blooms only at the ends of the branches. In such conditions, the splendor of flowering also decreases, the flowers lose their decorative effect. With regular, which should be carried out every two to three years, forsythia will feel great and will thank you not only with a beautiful view, but also with abundant flowering.

To do this, you should carry out growth-inhibiting pruning. As part of this event, old and heavily branched branches should be cut into stumps. The cut should be diagonal and over the outer kidney. You should also cut off one third of the length and basal shoots growing from the base of the bush. Strongly hanging branches can also be shortened, thus reducing the crown of the plant.

To thin out the forsythia bush, it is necessary to cut the oldest branches "on a stump".

Rejuvenating pruning gives the forsythia a compact shape and decorative effect

Anyone who does not maintain the shape of golden forsythia bushes by regular pruning is likely to get real thickets of leafless branches and poor flowering. To remedy this situation and make the old bush again dazzle with golden-yellow tints, it is necessary to carry out a radical rejuvenating pruning.The most favorable time for such pruning is early spring before flowering begins. In the first year of rejuvenating pruning, four to five strong shoots are left in the old shrub, the rest are cut "on a stump". This contributes to the rapid regrowth of new shoots.

Next year, before the buds bloom, all the shoots that have grown over the past summer should be thinned out: remove the underdeveloped shoots, shorten the rest. Such pruning will be really effective if you make separate branches of different lengths. Thus, you get the corresponding branched crown. Finally, it is necessary to completely cut four or five shoots that you left from last year to ground level. In the third year, the first shoots should bloom, and the plant as a whole will take on a healthy look.

Dwarf forsythia need special care

If there is no room in your garden for a spreading forsythia shrub, this is not a reason to give up a plant that fills the garden with sunlight and thereby creates a festive mood. At local nurseries, ask for dwarf varieties such as Arnolds Dwarf, Happy Centennial, Marée d'Or or Bronxensis. Such plants grow rather slowly, barely reaching one meter in height. Unlike ordinary forsythia varieties, in dwarf forms, shoots with short internodes and strongly thickening the bush are shortened quite a bit. Thus, there is no need for major pruning. But this does not mean that dwarf forsythia will not benefit from regular shortening of shoots by one third, carried out every two to three years. This event is effective if it is carried out immediately after flowering and contributes to the fact that the plant stays healthy longer and pleases us with its sunny golden flowering every spring.

Prune long shoots regularly.

Translation: Lesya V. specially for the Internet portal of the garden

How to grow forsythia? How to feed, fertilize? How to prune and rejuvenate? How to prepare for frost, insulate? (10+)

Features of growing forsythia

When winter is just leaving, and spring has not yet played with bright and fresh colors, you really want to create a spring mood and atmosphere around you. A blooming garden outside the window can help with this. In urban settings, tulips in municipal flowerbeds, dandelions on lawns and small bouquets of lilies of the valley sold in crossings are considered the usual heralds of spring.

However, few people know that magic bushes can be the first to bloom at their summer cottage. forsythia

... No need to be intimidated by the complex name: it is derived from the surname of the chief gardener of the royal garden of Great Britain - William Forsyth, that was his name. He not only cultivated this plant, but was the first to bring it to Europe from China.

In total, there are 11 types of forsythia, and only one of them is of European origin (Balkan), while the rest are from Asia (China, Japan, Korea). But, despite all the "exoticism", this plant takes root well and grows in our area.

Comments (4)

• Peter

  13.01.2018 at 12:01 |
  In the pictures, the blooming forsythia is so gorgeous! And my branches freeze every winter, so it grows only in width. Pruning does not help. It's a shame. This year I will try to transplant it to another place and cover it for the winter.

  Reply

  Julia Expert Plodogorod

  02.07.2019 at 19:58 |

  Hello Peter! In order to avoid such difficulties when growing the described shrub, you need not only to properly prepare it for wintering, but also to observe the peculiarities of care in the autumn.

  To begin with, we recommend that you carry out the autumn pruning of the bush. First of all, dry branches are removed, those on which the bark is cracked, thickening the crown and too long shoots.

  After that, you need to remove shoots that are too close to the ground. Leaving such branches is possible only if reproduction is planned by layering.You can also remove branches that are very close to each other, as well as those that grow inside the crown. Additionally, you can remove everything that spoils the general appearance of the crown of the bush.

  It is better to carry out the described activities without waiting for a cold snap, you can cut the forsythia a few weeks after the end of flowering. We would like to note that this is not only a general reorganization of the bush. This procedure improves the winter hardiness of the bush.

  As for the shelter for the period of cold weather, we recommend covering even frost-resistant varieties of this plant. 10-15 days after the end of flowering, it is better to water the forsythia abundantly, and also feed it with potassium. These measures also contribute to better cold resistance.

  Before preparing for shelter, the soil near the bush is mulched with a thick layer. You can use peat or old sawdust. If the plant is not very large, the branches can be gently bent to the ground and secured there with hairpins. After that, the bush should be covered with agrofibre and secured around the perimeter with either pins or heavy stones.

  If the plant is very large, then bending it to the ground there is a risk of damaging the shoots. Therefore, in this case, it is better to make a frame around the plant and cover it with the same spunbond. You can use a mesh netting by wrapping it around the plant. We do not recommend using polyethylene film for covering.

  If you decide to feed the plant in the fall, you need to choose products that do not contain nitrogen. Also, you can treat both the bush itself and the soil near it with drugs for diseases and pests. After all, it is not uncommon for these uninvited guests to settle for the winter just in the crown or near the trunk circle.

  Reply

Appearance

It is simply impossible not to notice or not pay attention to forsythia. It is a sprawling upright bush that resembles a tree in size - it can grow up to 4 m in height and spread out to 2 m in width. Forsythia grows very quickly and can grow to its maximum size in 2-3 years.

Forsythia leaves are simple, small, oval, serrated. The branches of the bush are strong, flexible, stiff. They are densely covered with small four-leafed bright yellow flowers that bloom violently already in early April. It is thanks to the huge concentration of flowers on the branches that the plant looks fantastic and cannot but be liked. The first flowers, bright, juicy and filled with colors from the inside, delight the eye and create a spring mood.

A bit of history

This olive plant is widespread in the Eastern countries. China, Korea, Japan have known the "golden" openwork bush from time immemorial.

Forsythia arrived in Europe in the middle of the nineteenth century, thanks to the fact that it attracted the chief gardener of Kensington Palace, Mr. Forsyth. The plant received his name later.

In England, it is customary to call the shrub very accurately - forsythia - in order to bring the name of the plant as close as possible to the surname of the famous botanist.

Growing forsythia

In addition to its breathtaking appearance, it is also pleasing that forsythia is a very unpretentious plant and special efforts are not required for its cultivation.

The most common type of forsythia grown in our latitudes is a hybrid form of intermediate, middle forsythia. This group includes several species that are similar in their characteristics. The climate of our area is optimal for this hybrid.

When choosing a place for forsythia, it is necessary to take into account its impressive size. It is advisable to choose a sunny area, forsythia can grow in partial shade, the main thing is to avoid strong drafts. The soil is suitable for medium fertility, light, not acidified.

It is better to choose sprouts for planting with a lot of soil on the roots - so there are more chances that the plant will quickly and painlessly take root.

When you have decided on the place and sprouts, it is time to go directly to planting. The best time for this is mid-spring or early autumn, periods when there is no intense heat, but the soil is warm and sufficiently moist. You need to dig a hole 50 * 50 cm in size and 50-60 cm deep. Pour drainage from fragments of brick and rubble at the bottom, a mixture of humus, sand and earth on top. Then carefully plant the plant to a depth of 30-40 cm, sprinkle with earth and water.

Watering should be moderate, forsythia tolerates dryness more easily than waterlogging. It is necessary to ensure that the water under the bush does not stagnate. And be sure to loosen the ground after each watering.

What to look for

Although the shrub is unpretentious, there are still some features in caring for it. For example, he strongly against abundant watering

... In October, with the onset of the first cold weather, watering the plant must be completely stopped, it is necessary to retain moisture only in the hot and dry summer months.

Another nuance - forsythia may suddenly turn out to be the “wrong” shrub that you expected - that is, it does not bloom as abundantly as it was presented in the advertising picture in the store.

The reason is the choice of a variety that is not suitable for a particular climatic species. Or a banal re-grading, an unpleasant phenomenon that flourishes in our markets and in seed and seedling shops.

Pay attention to everything before choosing and planting

: from variety name and characteristics to appearance. Understand the peculiarities of each variety so as not to be disappointed in your "golden" purchase.

Top dressing

Before and after flowering - a favorable time for fertilization. To do this, you can take manure, dilute it in water and water the bushes. The main thing in this case is to accurately observe the proportions. In the spring, under forsythia, it is necessary to put manure in a ratio of 50-100 g per bush and water everything abundantly. Before the plant begins to bloom, it must be fed with mineral fertilizers. The third feeding is required after the plant has already bloomed.Forsythia must also be fed with phosphorus and potassium, but only at the end of the summer period. The branches are tilted and wrapped well for the winter.

In April, a complete mineral fertilizer of 60-70g / m2 is also applied. Another top dressing is carried out after flowering, when new flower buds are laid. Kemira-station wagon 100-120g / m2 is recommended.

Forsythia tolerates dry soil better than excess soil moisture. And only in summer, if the drought is prolonged, once a month the bushes are watered at the rate of 10-12 liters for each bush. After watering and feeding, the soil under the plant is loosened and mulched.

For the winter period, the branches of the bush must be bent to the ground, attached with hairpins and sprinkled with foliage. Such a blanket will help the plant to successfully winter, survive the frosts.

Planting and caring for seedlings

Pits for frosting are made with a size of 65 X 65 cm and a depth of 70 cm. The distance between them should be at least two meters. The drainage is a quarter of the depth and consists of broken bricks and rubble. Care consists of:

• In rare watering.
• In top dressing.
• In pruning.
• Shelter for the winter

To grow the shrub dynamically, a fertile, moisture-permeable soil mixture is prepared from leafy earth, humus and sand (1: 1: 3) with the addition of phosphorus and potash mineral fertilizers. After planting, the seedlings are watered abundantly. In the fall, preparation for winter is mandatory, which boils down to covering with foliage and spruce branches.

In spring, the plant is freed from the mulch layer and branches. If forsythia was planted in the fall, then no fertilization is applied in the first year.

During the growing season, rare watering is carried out only in dry times (once a month - a bucket of water), since it does not tolerate waterlogging at all.

Starting from the second or third year, when the plant has entered the time of flowering, they begin to feed - 70 g of complex mineral fertilizers per square meter of the trunk circle are applied in spring and autumn. The land under the bush is mulched with humus.

Proper cultivation of forsythia and its abundant flowering is impossible without annual pruning. Young growth is only slightly shortened. In the spring, remove all dry branches, cut off frozen shoots to healthy wood and knock out from the general contour. After flowering, which lasts 20-25 days, the shoots are slightly shortened to make them more decorative.

Possible problems

With proper care, all agrochemical measures (watering, loosening the soil, pruning, correct organization of wintering), forsythia will certainly delight the gardener with early, abundant flowering. If this does not happen, it means that some procedures were not performed in a timely manner, with inaccurate adherence to the rules, or the plant "got sick". There are not many diseases in forstaytia. Most often, the problem is caused by excessive watering, while the shrub tolerates drought easily. If the soil is very waterlogged, then loosening it will be the best option, which will lead to the rapid removal of moisture from the soil. Other common conditions include:

In order to timely identify the disease, the plant must be periodically examined. In most cases, damaged shoots are simply removed, and healthy ones are treated with special preparations, fungicides. Forsythia also has few pests. Most often, aphids attack the shrub. A colony of these small but prolific insects can slow down the development of forsythia. For pest control, pest control agents or folk methods are used.

Due to the early, abundant flowering, bright, sunny color, landscape designers widely use forsia for landscaping parks and squares. Original compositions can be created from planted together forsythia and evergreen trees and shrubs (periwinkle, boxwood), forming a hedge.

How to form a hedge

If your plans are to make a hedge out of forsythia, then it also does not need to be disturbed for the first three to four years. Pruning is necessary for adult plants, 2/3 of the branches must be removed. If this is not done, the branches will grow chaotically, the bush will thicken, and you cannot form a hedge from randomly growing, rare branches.

When you start pruning, you should know how you see your bush in the future. Given the rapid growth of foresight, you can do it twice - in June and August, or only once - in September. But these are bushes that do not bloom. If forsythia blooms, it is cut off after it has faded, and at the end of summer, a slight adjustment is made, it does not affect the growth and flowering of the bush.

Take care of a beautiful bush correctly, and it will delight you with its extraordinary beauty for a long time.

Forsythia is often the decoration of the landscape design of gardens and courtyards,

balancing and caring for it do not cause any particular difficulties. Due to its aesthetic appeal and spectacular appearance, this shrub looks much more advantageous than many other ornamental crops.

About winter hardiness of forsythia

One of the most important characteristics of any perennial is its ability to tolerate low temperatures. In the case of foresight, an unambiguous conclusion cannot be drawn, since the species is represented by several breeding varieties, the winter hardiness of which varies. The most hardy are Forsythia Egg-shaped (Oval), Siebold and Poniklaya. The rest of the subspecies are not sufficiently resistant to frost and snow, therefore, they need additional preparatory procedures before the onset of cold weather. Winter hardiness of some other varieties:

• Forzition European - unsuitable for central Russia, in winter it needs a room that does not freeze;
• Forsythia Giralda - came from North China. This variety can be grown without insulation only in the southern part of Russia;
• Forsythia is average - often bred in the middle lane with a temperate climate, however, it does not differ in high frost resistance. To prevent the death of the plant, it is placed in a cool place in a large pot;
• Forsythia Greenest - suitable for cultivation exclusively in the southern regions.

Almost all species, even winter-hardy ones, need shelter for the period of cold weather, when it comes to regions such as Siberia and the Urals.

Why should you prune?

Forsythia needs pruning, even if decorative crown formation is not expected. If the gardener does not want to see bare thickets of leafless shoots in his area, he will have to form branches from time to time and remove damaged, old and diseased shoots. Sure, it is wiser to carry out all the necessary procedures in a timely manner, and this has good reasons.

• Since flowers only form on the branches at the age of 2 years, no flower buds will form on other, more mature or young shoots. This circumstance makes it necessary to constantly maintain two-year-old branches, while the lateral, lower large shoots and young shoots must be removed. Thus, a forsythia haircut is needed so that it blooms as magnificently as possible.
• The shrub is characterized by the rapid growth of new growth, and if not pruned periodically, it will look sloppy.
• Removing excess, weak and diseased branches helps to avoid diseases, including due to strong thickening and lack of natural ventilation.
• Pruning has the goal of stimulating the growth of new branches and is important for the health and rejuvenation of old shrubs.
• A haircut before the onset of winter cold is necessary to place the culture under a shelter - in the presence of long branches, this is much more difficult.

However, if you want to update the forsythia and improve its shape, you need to remove the branches with caution, and before wintering, do it in a sparing mode, so as not to injure and weaken the bush too much in anticipation of frost.

Pruning and shaping forsythia

Since caring for forsythia in the open field necessarily includes pruning, it must be carried out in accordance with all the rules.

1. The plant is not touched for the first three years after planting.
2. Starting from the 4th year, sanitary and formative pruning of forsythia is carried out in the spring. The first involves removing dead and old branches, thinning the bush for better lighting.
3. Additionally, to add splendor, the shoots are slightly shortened (by 3-4 cm). For greater decorativeness, using a haircut, you can give the bush the shape of a ball.

During the flowering period, forsythia is not pruned.

The thickest unnecessary branches are cut "on a ring", and those that have just faded are shortened a little.

Pruning forsythia

Young plants that have not entered the time of flowering are not cut off for the first few years - they give shoots to grow. But with winter freezing in the spring (before bud break), the ends of the affected branches are cut off to healthy wood. The same operation is carried out with adult plants. In the future, every spring, dry and old branches are removed on the stump. Cut off from a third to half the length of the shoots on which flowering occurred.
Helpful advice.

Trimming forsythia must be approached carefully. If the bush is cut very strongly every year, then it will grow rapidly, but it will hardly bloom.

Subtleties of pruning

To make forsythia look natural and attractive at the same time, you need to know the basic rules for pruning this crop.

• The shrub requires a lot of space, so a place should be determined in advance where it can develop normally and reach its optimal size in adulthood. In this case, it is possible to correctly trim the plant.
• Basically, pruning is a way to make the shrub more compact and tidy, in addition to its decent appearance. It is believed that it is possible to form a ball from the crown by annually shortening the branches by a certain length. But, following this scheme, it will be impossible to get a beautiful spherical bush, because for successful wintering it is necessary to bend the branches to the ground due to freezing.
• In practice, it is possible to achieve a round shape much faster by removing the tallest as well as older shoots. Additionally, it is worth removing the lower branches, since they can often take root on their own.
• It is also necessary to cut off branches that grow incorrectly, inward, to the trunk, as well as specimens that interfere with each other due to strong thickening. This will allow you to achieve full coverage of the crown.
• It is sometimes difficult to do optimal pruning due to poor growth or heavy thickening. The best option is to cut the shrub to the stump. Forsythia is perfectly restored by stump growth in one season, in addition, it contributes to the rejuvenation of the culture.

Preparing holes for landing

Before placing the seedlings in the ground, drainage (broken brick, crushed stone) 15 cm thick is poured on the bottom of the hole, on top - a mixture of leaf earth, sand and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, supplemented with wood ash (no more than 200 g). Seedlings are placed in the hole, buried in. The near-stem part must be compacted and watered abundantly with water.

Important! Pruning forsythia in the fall concerns not only adult trees, but also planting material, because the seedlings are pre-cleaned.

Plants planted in the springtime require regular maintenance in the future.

Pruning forsythia in the fall, planting and caring for plants is different from those that are carried out after winter. In this case, it is imperative to mulch the site, regardless of the type of plant planted. The covering material should be selected taking into account air permeability, so that in winter, during periods of thaw, flower buds do not lie under the "hood".

How to care for forsythia (video)

The composition of the soil with which the hole is covered is selected from the following components:

• part of humus;
• a piece of leafy land;
• 2 pieces of sand.

A hole is dug in a diameter of 60 cm (depth up to 70 cm), while you need to be guided by the fact that the roots of the seedling lie freely in it. The pit is drained quite strongly - you need to fill up at least 5-7 cm of crushed stone or broken brick. After that, the seedling is placed, covered with the mixture and watered with a standard 10-liter bucket of water.

NOTE

The distance between the pits depends on the variety, but the minimum is 1 meter (on average about 2 meters).

In almost all cases, forsythia seedlings are planted in the autumn period - in the first half of September.

Bush after flowering

After the solar forsythia fades, having survived the stormy time of its flowering, do not rush to delete it from the number of decorative elements of the garden.

The openwork period of flowers is short, but leaves remain!

By replacing the golden bells on the branches, the leaves are able to maintain their optimistic color until the first frost, enlivening the garden and delighting you on autumn days.

Forsythia

, a shrub that seems to have been specially created by nature in order to visually inform us about the arrival of spring. When all the trees are still awakening from hibernation, and only just hatched, forsythia breaks out with a bright yellow flame. From this moment on, we can say with confidence - spring has come!

In the not too distant past, forsythia was a rare occurrence in our summer cottages and garden plots. It is not clear why ... After all, this is a shrub with a very ancient history. True, most of this history is associated with East Asia (Korea, China, Japan). It is there that this shrub is represented by most of the species. For the sake of fairness, it must be admitted that in Europe it is found in a wild form. But this only type of European forsythia grows exclusively in the Balkans. The rest of Europe got acquainted with this miracle - a shrub thanks to William Forsyth, a famous botanist, after whom this plant was named. The second name of this shrub is Forsythia

.

When to plant an ornamental plant

Planting and transplanting of bushes are carried out in spring or early autumn, before the first frost appears, so that forsythia has time to take root before the cold weather. The best place to grow is a sunny or semi-shaded area sheltered from the wind. Forsythia may be shade-tolerant, but what a wildly flowering plant does not like light!

Bushes can be planted on any type of soil, but forsythia takes root best on slightly alkaline dry soil. If there is soil with high acidity on the site, then dig it up with wood ash before planting seedlings.

Lack of flowering: reasons

Sometimes it happens that the bush develops well, grows, but flowers do not appear. The reasons why forsythia does not bloom can be different.

Despite all the unpretentiousness, the shrub requires periodic fertilization; on very poor soils, it may not bloom.

1. Illiterate pruning

It must be remembered that flowers form on one- and two-year-old shoots, so if you cut off too much, flowering will be delayed for more than one year. Pruning old branches is also best done gradually.

1. No clipping

Strongly thickened bushes also usually do not please with an abundant number of flowers: shoots not removed in time take on some of the nutrients. Plus, such a bush does not have enough sunlight on many branches.

1. Improper winter care

Especially true for delicate varieties. Freezing of flower buds (in the absence of proper shelter) will inevitably lead to the fact that forsythia will not bloom in the spring.

Planting and further caring for forsythia will not cause much trouble if you protect it from possible pests and diseases.

Forsythias fit perfectly into the overall landscape composition. They can be planted in the center of the flower bed, supplemented with juniper.In the foreground, lower flowers or decorative leafy plants are planted.

Choosing the time

The bush is pruned only after it grows and gets stronger, in the fourth year after planting. You need to know how to do this, but it is equally important to choose the right time for this. If you are not sure how to properly remove growing shoots, postpone the cut for the summer. You will cut the branches when they are finished blooming. By pruning in the fall, you can be left without last year's shoots, and then in the spring the forsythia will not please you with its magnificent decoration. When starting summer pruning, you must set yourself the task of cutting out the branches that make the center thick and form a spherical bush shape. You will make subsequent pruning of the shoots to maintain its decorative shape.

Autumn is the best time to say goodbye to broken and unnecessary branches, but here it is very important to feel in moderation. If you overdo it, the weakened plant will not survive the winter frosts and will die. The best time for this is the first week of September.

With the beginning of spring, the bush must be inspected, and if you find frost-damaged or broken branches, they must be removed. Pay special attention to the ends, and if they are also damaged, cut them off. Do not overdo it, otherwise you will make the bush unsightly, "bald".

After the end of flowering, the lateral branches are shortened in half, focusing on a strong bud. As for old shoots, gardeners recommend not completely destroying them, but leaving them a little. If you do everything right, then young shoots will not be long in coming and will be strong.

General recommendations

Each haircut must necessarily meet important rules:

• You need to try to minimize the injury to the bush. If it has not been cut for a long time and is running, then it is better to divide the procedure into two parts, otherwise you may weaken the plant too much.
• It is always necessary to cut off with a sharp tool, since splitting must not be left! The cut should be smooth.
• Cut off at an angle and always over a strong bud or lateral branch.
• Large cuts left over from thick branches, try to always process with garden var.

Forsythia, preparation for winter

To avoid freezing, the roots are protected by covering the near-stem circle with dry leaves (10 cm layer). And young bushes are entirely covered with fir branches.

Forsythia is one of the first to bloom and fills our garden with spring mood. Its main advantage is that flowers appear on the shoots earlier than leaves. The flowers of forsythia "ovata" are up to 2 cm in diameter. In general, the shrub grows to a height of 1.5-2 m and a width of about 2 m. I would recommend forming it at the level of 1.3 m or 1.5 m, also in in diameter, do not allow it to reach a 2-meter size, since our gardens are small and I want to place a lot of plants in them.

How to propagate forsythia on your own

Breeding forsythia, similarly to caring for it, is not difficult. The simplest and most used method is grafting,

but we'll cover all three.

Layers

Forsythia propagation by layering occurs in the spring.

The shoots of the mother tree are cut under the stump. This is done so that new young and healthy branches will grow over the summer. And in the fall, they are bent to the ground and placed in grooves at a shallow depth. To make it more reliable, the shoot is pinned and then sprinkled with earth.

Such a "transplant" of forsythia requires special processing of the soil composition. To begin with, it must be well loosened, then the bottom of the grooves should be laid out with a layer of drainage from fine rubble, and sprinkled with soil on top. Reproduction of forsythia by layering is permissible not only in the autumn period, but also in early spring. One condition: the shoots must be young.

Cuttings

If you can't cut the shrub at the root, then it will suit you the next breeding method is cuttings.

Take semi-lignified twenty-centimeter cuttings and plant them in a box covered with a moistened mixture of soil and sand. The twig needs to be stuck into the ground at a slight angle for a couple of centimeters. From above, everything is covered with a film.

Important!
An unused aquarium is perfect as a greenhouse.
By maintaining adequate moisture and shading when necessary from the scorching sun, you will have rooted cuttings in a month. It is better to plant them in open ground in spring.

Seeds

Forsythia can be propagated by seeds in both spring and autumn.

In the spring, seeds are sown in boxes with soil. In a month and a half, shoots can be seen. The plant dives in the second year. For the winter, cover with a layer of leaves of 20 cm.

Before planting this plant, you need to decide on its type, this is mainly depends on the climate

in which the flower will grow.

Although all varieties of forsythia withstand frost up to - 10 degrees

, many can freeze even under a winter shelter. And this subsequently has a bad effect on growth and flowering.

For example, Forsythia is greenest and drooping very susceptible to frost, it is better to grow them in the southern regions. Forsythia ovoid and European are the most frost-resistant species.

Algorithm of actions

So, when to start pruning, we considered, let's find out - how to do it? We remove the young, branched shoots by half. You can say goodbye to the old only in the spring, in the fall they will have buds. Pay attention if there are any branches that have fallen to the ground, if there are, say goodbye to them without regret. If you do not remove them, you will soon find that they are rooted, in which case the bush will be untidy and look depressing.

Forsythia needs to be rejuvenated, this procedure is done every four years. Only a few young shoots are left, the rest of the shoots are ruthlessly destroyed. This will promote good growth of the bush and abundant flowering.

How to approach the procedure correctly

Pruning European forsythia is an important stage in plant care, affecting the further development and flowering of bushes. If you have not yet had to deal with such a procedure, and you have little experience in removing wilting shoots, leave the cleaning for the summer. The end of flowering means that you can start cutting branches.

Autumn pruning of forsythia can negatively say in spring flowering - the buds simply will not bloom. Therefore, it is better if you do not have experience with garden plants, leave this business for the summer or seek help from a gardener.

Off-season pruning involves cleaning the bush from branches that are over-thickening the central part of the plant. In the future, this procedure is carried out in order to update the decorative shape of the bush if the shoots are knocked out of the crown ball.

Pruning forsythia in the fall is a way to get rid of excess and damaged branches. When carrying out the procedure, make sure that it is not too intense, so do not get too carried away. Cutting off too many shoots, even if they are superfluous, will weaken the plant and its immune system before frost.

Another important nuance that you need to know when planning pruning forsythia for the winter: carry out the procedure at the beginning of autumn so that the slices have time to heal by the onset of cold weather.

When is it better to do it?

There are three types of shrub pruning. Regular, held in the spring. It is aimed at forming a beautiful crown, and it is carried out immediately after flowering. Even if you want to leave the shrub in its natural state, the longest, improperly growing and damaged branches must be cut off, since they can significantly spoil the appearance of the plant, knocking out of the green massif of the crown. In other words, spring trimming is essential for the health and maintenance of a neat bush.

A radical rejuvenating haircut is necessary to exclude the chaotic interlacing of branches devoid of foliage, and the displacement of poor flowering to the periphery of the aboveground part of the shrub.This procedure is especially relevant for irregular pruning. Carrying out it is desirable in early spring, before flowering.

The first pruning involves cutting "on a stump" and keeping 2-5 of the strongest and healthiest branches. The next year, poorly developed shoots and grown shoots are thinned out, the remaining branches are shortened.

You can get a uniformly branched crown if you cut them to different lengths. Also in the second year, the old shoots left behind are removed. After a year, forsythia takes on a beautiful appearance and usually blooms.

Summer pruning in June is used to create a hedge of forsythia bushes. In this case, shoots are cut that violate the general appearance of the form. The main task of the procedure, carried out in summer, is to stimulate intensive growth in order to obtain a denser and denser crown, and the abundance of flowering is no longer in the first place.

Preparation for the winter includes pruning the plant in the fall - this is a certain guarantee of a successful wintering. Its technology is not overly complicated. First, they cut off dead, dry branches with damaged bark, as well as long branches that extend beyond the crown. After that, the lower branches are removed if there is no desire to obtain air layers.

At the end, it is necessary to cut off the shoots that grow towards the middle of the plant or intertwine with each other.

Winter-hardy varieties of forsythia for the Moscow region

For the climatic conditions of the Moscow region, winter-hardy varieties of forsythia should be selected:

1. Egg-shaped (oval) - the most suitable option, which differs not only in resistance to cold, but also to drought. It grows up to 2 meters in height, it is distinguished by a gray bark with a yellowish tinge. It blooms for 15-20 days. Moreover, by autumn, the leaves turn from bright green to orange. Interestingly, many gardeners do not even cover it for the winter, but it is better to cover young seedlings with spunbond.
2. A variation of the previous variety - Tetragold - also characterized by increased winter hardiness. This species is suitable for lovers of miniature, lush plantings, since it grows no more than 1 meter.
3. Similar in properties to the Tetragold, recently bred variety "Melisa" it is compact - it is well suited for small areas.
4. Forsythia Siebold also tolerates winter very well, so it does not need additional shelter - just mulching the trunk is enough. The shrub is undersized, its shoots spread along the ground. Prefers light shading rather than open areas.
5. Forsythia drooping - a fairly tall shrub that grows up to 3 meters. But its flowering begins only after 5 years. The shoots are very interesting - they have an unusual olive or brown color. It needs to bend the branches to the ground - in the conditions of the Moscow region, they can freeze a little.
6. Intermediate forsion has about the same height, but begins to bloom from the age of 3. This variety is very often used by gardeners to form a hedge. It does not need additional shelter for the winter.

Planting forsythia in the garden

Forsythias love places protected from the wind and light, but they can grow in partial shade. If you are planning to plant several bushes, then leave the distance between them 1.5-2 m (depending on the size in adulthood).

Forsythia is planted and transplanted in the fall, before frost. A hole is dug 50 × 50 or 70 × 50 cm. Broken brick or crushed stone is poured onto the bottom as drainage with a layer of 15-20 cm and covered with sand by 5-8 cm. Then the pit is filled with a soil mixture of humus, leafy earth and sand, taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 2. On acidic soils, add 300-400 g of slaked lime or 200 g of wood ash.

Follow-up care

Forsythia, in addition to pruning, needs constant care, and timely agrotechnical procedures contribute to its rapid recovery and abundant flowering.

• In March-April, after the snow melts, it is necessary to mulch the near-trunk circle of the bush with a large layer of humus and water it carefully so as not to erode the soil. This will keep the roots hydrated and at the same time receiving nutrients.
• After the buds appear, mineral fertilizing is introduced into the ground, and after the spring flowering, forsythia is fertilized with nitroammophos and selenium; you can also use the water-soluble composition of "Kimera Universal".
• August is the next month, when it is necessary to feed the plant with potassium and phosphorus compounds; for this, potassium salt and superphosphate (1: 2) are used.
• Watering forsythia in hot weather is associated with precipitation. In rainy weather, soil irrigation is not required, and on dry days, the bushes need to be watered once every 7 days. At least 12 liters of water are poured under each shrub.
• After autumn pruning in the middle lane and cold regions, the forsythia bush is generously watered, then the soil of the near-trunk circle is mulched with needles and fallen leaves with a layer of 10 cm.The branches of the plant must be bent to the ground and secured, and then covered with a non-woven cloth: agrofibre or spunbond. These materials allow the passage of air and moisture in a small amount, but necessary for the culture.

So, it becomes clear that for such an ornamental shrub as forsythia, pruning is necessary, and its timeliness allows not only maintaining the neat appearance of the plant, but also its healthy state.

For information on how to properly trim forsythia, see the next video.

Bright yellow in spring, green in summer, and golden purple in autumn - these are the colors with which nature decorates this shrub. He looks like a miracle, but in order for his beauty to please us, he needs to be looked after. Pruning is an essential part of caring for the bright and sunny oriental beauty - forsythia. And if you want your decorative shrub to be beautiful and healthy, you need to know how to do it right.

Forsythia, or, as it is also called, forsythia, grows very quickly, so pruning should be frequent and timely. Otherwise, the bush will thicken and lose its attractive appearance, become unkempt and unkempt. A beautifully trimmed tree looks advantageous compared to one that grows by itself. So, first things first.

Description of the plant

In the 19th century, Scottish botanist W. Forsyth (chief gardener of Kensington Palace, one of the founders of the Royal Horticultural Society), while in China, noticed an unusual bush. Against the background of the dull landscape, it stood out brightly, from a distance resembling a golden ball. The scientist brought back several cuttings from the trip, which have taken root very well. Forsythia, named after a botanist, became most widespread in European gardens and parks only in 1833. Unfortunately, this happened after the death of William Forsythe.

The plant blooms in early spring, depending on the region it can be February, March, April. Abundant flowering turns the bush into a real golden, fireball. It lasts 1-1.5 months. And only after the petals fly around from the branches, the first green leaves appear on them.

In total, 13 species of this early flowering shrub are known. The usual color of the petals of forsythia is bright yellow, but Forsythia abeliophyllum (snow) has lush inflorescences collected from snow-white flowers, therefore, at the stage of maximum flowering, the bush resembles a snowdrift.

In Europe, the most widespread is Forsythia europaea - European. The distribution area of ​​other species covers the East Asian countries, some prefer the climate of the Balkan Peninsula.

With optimal care, the bush can grow in the same place without transplanting for up to 50 years. If it is not pruned, then the height of some shoots can be 3 meters or more, while growing in breadth and reaching a diameter of 2 meters or more.The branches are covered with a rough-looking, brownish bark with a gray tint. Small oval leaves, sometimes pointed with serrated edges, (2 to 15 cm long), opposite.

Flowers, shaped like small bells, are collected in inflorescences, consisting of 2-5 pieces. After pollination and the end of flowering, small boxes are formed from them, inside of which are seeds that look like dandelion parachutes. After opening the bolls, they scatter long distances from the "parent" bush and, falling on damp ground, can take root and germinate.

Forsythia is grown mainly in the open field. Although some experienced gardeners use its seeds for growing indoors, in this case, the area of ​​the hall, hall, foyer should be very large.

Pruning

For the first year or two, the young shrub is not cut off, except that the shoots that have suffered from frost. An adult bush is also relieved of frozen branches in the spring.

The main pruning work occurs in the summer, when the flowering period ends. Branches that have faded are made half shorter.

Old or dried up branches are cut off and leave only 5-6 cm from the ground level, from them new lateral shoots will grow in the future.

By pruning, you can shape the plant into a ball or bowl, and control the density and height of the shrub.

To activate growth and make forsythia more lush in the future, it is necessary to cut it by 2/3 or even shorter once every 3 years. This is a kind of anti-aging procedure.

From the base, young shoots are activated, the number of which will be greater than before. So that the shrub does not lose its decorative appearance, it must be pruned every 3 to 4 years. If this is not done, the branches will stretch out and bloom worse.

Circumcision is carried out in several stages.

:

• removal of old coarse branches under the base (1/4 of the total);
• cutting off dead branches and thinning thick bushes;
• shortening of faded shoots by ½ of their length, taking into account the decorative type of forsythia.