Pepper formation: 100 photos and video description of how to properly form sweet peppers in a greenhouse and open field

Hi friends!

For the past couple of years, I have tried to eat bell peppers almost every day.

The benefits of this, in my opinion, a very beautiful and tasty vegetable, impressed me very much and could not leave me indifferent.

This fruit can be safely put on the same level as tomatoes and fresh berries.

Why is this sweet pepper so useful and what is so extraordinary it contains, I will now tell you in more detail ...

Mandatory procedure

Formation, regardless of the place of cultivation, is necessary for:

• for early varieties, the technical ripeness of which occurs on the 100th day;
• for medium varieties, with a ripening period of 135 days;
• for late varieties ripening 145-160 days.

Low and dwarf peppers do not need to form a bush. They can simply eliminate sterile, weak and growing inward shoots.

general characteristics

Sweet pepper (or paprika) is a plant from the nightshade family, which also includes tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes. And by the way, despite the fact that in everyday life everyone is used to calling the fruits of pepper vegetables, in fact, they are not. From a botanical point of view, bell peppers are fruits (but for convenience, we will still call them vegetables).

Sweet pepper differs from spicy varieties (chili, black, cayenne) primarily in its shape - it has a fleshy crispy pod and a delicate taste. Compared to the spicy varieties, the level of "burning" in the Bulgarian fruit is kept within zero. For this reason, bell peppers are used as a vegetable in the kitchen, while hot peppers are considered a spice. And all because in sweet pepper there is practically no substance capsaicin, which actually gives a pungent taste to the fruit.

All peppers, including sweet ones, come from Mexico and other regions of Central America, where this culture has been growing for over 9 thousand years. Thanks to the Spanish and Portuguese sailors in the 16th-17th centuries, this vegetable got to Europe and spread to other regions of the planet. By the way, it was the European colonialists who called pepper - pepper. But in Bulgaria, many do not even realize that in the countries of the former Soviet Union, sweet peppers are called Bulgarian. And all because once the Bulgarian breeders bred several varieties of leguminous vegetables, which the inhabitants of the USSR really liked. Since then, the name "Bulgarian" has "stuck" to all varieties of sweet peppers.

Although this plant belongs to heat-loving cultures, it is nevertheless cultivated without any particular difficulties on all continents (except Antarctica). In terms of industrial cultivation of Bulgarian vegetables, China has been the leader for several years, Mexico is in second place, followed by the United States.

Formation process

Based on the peculiarities of the type of pepper, a method of shaping is selected:

• if tall - pinching and trimming excess shoots;
• if the variety is medium-sized, you can get by with the removal of the lower and sterile lateral shoots.

Here you should stop and tell in more detail how to pinch bell peppers.

The seedling has one stem. When the plant reaches a height of 20-25 cm, the stem branches out.The first flower, the so-called "crown bud", is formed at the branching points, which must be removed immediately. Timely removal has a beneficial effect on the correct branching and nutrition of the ovaries.

For good development of the pepper, 2-3 strong shoots are left, coming from the branching of the crown bud. The rest of the shoots and twigs are removed - the tops or growth points are cut off.

The question often arises, is it necessary to pick off the lower leaves of the pepper? Leaves shading the planting and impairing pollination must be cut off to prevent the proliferation of sterile shoots.

To accelerate ripening, after a sufficient number of fruits have grown, the tops on the main stems are pinched.

It is worth stopping at this point and taking a closer look at how to form pepper in greenhouse conditions and in the open field.

Types, description and photos

Peas

Black peppercorns - the plant belongs to the Pepper family and it contains 4 spices. Grains are:

• the black;
• white;
• green;
• red.

and it depends on the time of collection and processing. The plant is a perennial, evergreen, in the form of a liana, which wraps around plants close to them to lean on them.

Cultural plant reaches 5 meters in length, wild -15 m... The leaves are large, long and heart-shaped. The flowers are small, white, located on earring inflorescences about 10 cm long. The fruit is round with a diameter of 5 mm, it contains about 30 grains. The crop gives twice a year.

Homeland of peas South India. Today it is cultivated in tropical countries.

Subspecies:

• black - fruity-spicy smell, pungent taste;
• green and red - the aroma is freshest and piquant, the taste is pleasantly spicy;
• white - the aroma is almost not felt, the taste is intensely burning.

Useful qualities:

1. promotes the secretion of sweat and urine;
2. enhances immunity;
3. antibacterial agent.

Limitations:

• when taking medications;
• urological diseases;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• stomach ulcer;
• allergies and anemia.

Variety of varieties:

1. Indian - high quality variety, strong enough aroma, average pungency.
2. Indonesian - typical peas, spicy smell, very hot taste.
3. Malaysian - slightly aromatic, but very spicy.
4. Vietnamese - large peas, almost no smell, very spicy taste.

For cultivation, it is necessary to take large grains, soak in water for 24 hours and sow in the ground. Better to plant in May... Soil composition: sand, humus and turf soil. A pepper planted at home can grow to about 2 m in height and will bear fruit the next year.

Bell pepper

An annual herb that belongs to the nightshade family. The pods are empty in the middle, there are many seeds, there are different colors:

• red;
• Orange;
• yellow;
• brown.

The homeland of sweet pepper is America, where it grows wild. Cultivated in southern temperate, subtropical and tropical climates.

Subspecies:

• pubescent;
• Peruvian;
• Colombian;
• Mexican (most common).

Good qualities:

1. Recommended for those with high cholesterol and joint pain.
2. Prevents ischemic disease.
3. It frees the lungs from toxins, therefore it is recommended for people who smoke.
4. When emphysema of the respiratory tract should be taken every day.
5. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action.

Contraindications:

• individual intolerance, may manifest itself in the form of an allergy on the skin;
• hypotensive patients cannot be consumed in huge quantities, as it lowers blood pressure;
• should be taken with caution if you have gastritis or ulcers;
• not recommended for liver and kidney diseases, hemorrhoids, epilepsy and central nervous system disorders.

To grow sweet peppers, you need the following soil composition: 1 bucket of garden manure, 2 glasses of sand, 1-2 glasses of wood ash.The plant prefers a moderate air temperature of 20 to 32 degrees Celsius. Before flowering, watering 1 time in 7 days, during flowering 2 times a week. It is better to sow seeds no later than March 1.

Chile

Chili or red hot pepper (Capsicumfrutescens, annuum) - natural or dried pods of a tropical shrub, a spice that has a scalding taste.

The name of the species originated from the Aztec word "chilli", which translates as red. The spice came to Europe after the expedition of Christopher Columbus to the American continent, from where he brought it. Today, hot peppers are grown in almost all countries of the world, which are located in the tropical zone, but India and Thailand occupy the first place. In cooking, chili peppers are considered the hottest food.

Plant height about 60 cm, branchy stems, elliptical leaves, white or gray flowers with lilac spots. Pods of yellow, red and even black-olive color, slightly juicy, come in from a ball-like to a trunk of a similar type. The plant is warm and light-loving... Good growth requires moist, loose soil that allows water and air to pass through well. For this pepper, high heat, stagnant water and low temperature are contraindicated.

Medicinal qualities:

1. This hot vegetable regulates appetite and the action of the digestive system, normalizes metabolism.
2. It has a good effect on the brain and liver.
3. It is recommended to take in small amounts for those who have insomnia, allergies, bronchial asthma, epilepsy, hepatitis, atherosclerosis and a common cold.
4. There is a version that chili slows down the growth of malignant tumors.

ATTENTION! Dangerous in contact with mucous membranes and open wounds.

Contraindications:

It is not recommended to use it for gastrointestinal diseases. May cause heartburn.

Greenhouse conditions

When planting in a greenhouse, it is necessary to make the distance between the shoots with the expectation of increasing the volume of the bushes. Depending on the bushiness, they are planted: from 2 to 5 pcs. per m2. - with high bushiness, from 6 to 8 - with medium.

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After branching, lateral branches are formed - branches of the 1st order, they are also skeletal, growing with a central stem with leaves. At the base of the petioles, shoots originate from the leaf - stepsons, which must be pinched.

The central branch of the 1st order is divided into two shoots of the 2nd order. The one that is stronger and is able to hold the shoots growing higher is left. It is also a skeletal escape. Nothing is removed from it. The second shoot is pinched without touching the fruit and leaf.

The same procedure is carried out with the shoots of the 3rd order.

To form a bush in two stems, the same process is repeated with a skeletal shoot of the 1st order of the second branch (the very first fork).

Skeletal stems eventually overgrow with leaves and additional shoots, which must be systematically removed - no more than 2-3 leaves in one day, first removing the leaves shading the ovary.

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The manipulations are repeated until the pepper reaches its maximum growth.To stop growth and redirect nutrients to the ovaries and fruits, the top must be cut off. 6 weeks before the end of the harvest time, the remaining tops are trimmed.

Application features

The colorful and juicy vegetable seems to be asking to be eaten. But how useful is it?

Bulgarian pepper during pregnancy

Bell peppers during pregnancy will give your body, as well as the growing fetus, many important vitamins and minerals. But how safe is it and in what quantities can it bring the maximum benefit without unnecessary consequences?

Pepper benefits during pregnancy:

• Pepper has this unusual taste thanks to the substance capsaicin, it is favorable for all the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
• And in a sweet vegetable there are many different vitamins of groups A, B, C, K, R.
• By the way, in the same group of vitamin B there are more than 5 important elements for pregnancy, thanks to which the immune system is actively stimulated, as well as the cardiovascular system.
• When comparing pepper with other vegetables and fruits, it was noted that it contains vitamins A, C, K several times more than currants, carrots or any of the citrus fruits. But, despite this, there is much less sugar in it than in the listed products.
• The number of minerals in this vegetable is about 14, the main ones can be: calcium, sodium, iodine, phosphorus, zinc, potassium, iron. This amount of nutrients helps the entire female body to tolerate pregnancy normally.

Do you think pregnant women need to eat bell peppers?

Well no

When breastfeeding

Bell peppers can be eaten while breastfeeding, but since they are included in the list of foods that have a moderate allergenic potential (i.e. you can eat them while breastfeeding, but with some caution), you should follow certain guidelines to use them.

Subject to the following recommendations, a nursing mother has the opportunity not only to minimize the likelihood of adverse reactions in the child, but also to diversify her own menu, as well as extract a fairly significant amount of nutrients and vitamins from sweet bell peppers:

• It is not recommended to introduce it into the diet early for feeding. Achievements of a 3-month-old child (provided that there is no tendency to allergic manifestations), as well as 4 months, if present. In addition, the season plays a significant role - if the introduction coincides with the seasonality of these vegetables, you can reduce the time indicators by 2 weeks.
• In the first month of breastfeeding, it is recommended to eat bell peppers in a steamed or stewed form of preparation. In the absence of adverse reactions, it can be introduced into the diet raw.
• Initially, it is recommended to try green, white or yellow peppers, and only after its successful introduction, gradually introduce the fruits of orange or red pigmentation, as they are more allergens.
• At the first tasting, it is recommended to eat a small amount of boiled pepper (no more than 20 grams) in the morning, and not on an empty stomach, or you can drink 50-70 ml of broth with its addition. When taken raw, the recommended amount of pepper is the same.
• In the absence of undesirable manifestations and reactions to the child's body, you can gradually increase the amount of bell pepper in the menu, while in the cooked and raw form, the following portions are recommended: 50-70 grams and 30-50 grams per day and 200 grams and 150 grams per week, respectively.

When choosing bell peppers, the preferred option for nursing mothers is fruit grown at home or on a private farm - they are not likely to contain pesticides and plant and fruit growth regulators.

For women

A woman's body needs food rich in vitamins. All his organs and systems are constantly working in an enhanced mode.Signs also include frequent stress, lack of sleep, physical and psychological stress.

It is possible to replenish the loss of vitamins and saturate the woman's body with them without expensive pharmacy products. Sweet pepper will help not only tone up and pleasantly stimulate all organ systems, but also always look beautiful.

It is very important to eat peppers during pregnancy, as hair and bones are severely affected. For the best effect in food, you need to use not only the bulk of the cellulose, but also the seeds, white membranes inside, and the tops near the stem. These parts are the most useful.

The main benefit of bell pepper is its ability to prevent the onset of breast cancer. Therefore, for a woman, this product is incredibly important and valuable.

For men

Sweet peppers for men are a special product. It protects blood vessels from fragility, which may result in the development of circulatory failure. Because of this disease, a man often cannot achieve a full erection. Also, sweet peppers contribute to the development of the male sex hormone.

Bell pepper stimulates hair growth, which is why it is good for men with an early stage of alopecia.

For kids

You can feed a child with fresh pepper only from 1.5 years old. This is because a raw vegetable can increase gas production in the intestines and cause discomfort. For younger children, cook boiled peppers in a stew, boiled or baked.

It is better to feed children with red pepper, of all types, it has the most vitamin A. This is simply necessary for an organism that grows and develops. It also has a positive effect on vision.

With diabetes

Bell pepper (red and yellow) is an irreplaceable storehouse of vitamins (A, E, B1, B2 and B6) and minerals (zinc, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium). In addition, it belongs to the first group of foods that are characterized by a low calorie content and are allowed in unlimited quantities for diabetes:

1. Contains ascorbic acid, so regular consumption of this vegetable supports immunity, lowers blood pressure and improves blood quality.
2. And since many diabetes patients are overweight, for whom high blood pressure is almost normal, this property of pepper has a stabilizing effect on their condition.
3. The composition also includes rutin, which is responsible for the condition of blood vessels and capillaries, ensuring the smooth transport of nutrients to all organs.
4. Sweet bell pepper is used to prepare juice, which is recommended to support the body of people suffering from complications of diabetes mellitus.

With pancreatitis

The inclusion of pepper in the diet is possible after the rehabilitation of the pancreas. Firstly, the patient is allowed to pepper in stewed and / or boiled form (preferably mashed), since after this culinary treatment the amount of alkaloids and phytoncides decreases. In the future, it is possible to use fresh pepper (especially with significant atrophic processes in the tissue of the pancreas, accompanied by inhibition of the secretory function of the gland).

You should not completely abandon this wonderful vegetable, it has a beneficial effect on many processes:

• Its phytoncides reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol.
• Lycopene and fat-soluble vitamins have antioxidant effects.
• Zinc and other minerals stimulate the immune system.
• Potassium strengthens the myocardium.
• Vitamins C and P prevent capillary fragility (pepper is considered one of the natural stores of ascorbic acid - 200 mg per 100 g of pepper).
• Vitamin A preserves eyesight, skin and hair beauty (especially red and orange peppers).
• P-coumaric and chlorogenic acids of green pepper neutralize carcinogens - nitroxides.
• B vitamins protect against depression and activate the brain.

But with pepper, you need to be more careful with those patients who have concomitant diseases: epilepsy, insomnia, high blood pressure, angina pectoris, exacerbation of kidney disease, peptic ulcer or hyperacid gastritis.

Open ground

When breeding peppers in the open field, high varieties are involved in the formation. For the rest, unnecessary shoots and stepsons are removed, which interfere with the penetration of light and each other.

Tall varieties are loaded with side shoots. To do this, the tops are pinched at a height of 25-30 cm from the ground, the crown buds are removed. At the base, 4-5 skeletal shoots of the 1st order are left, the rest are eliminated.

Further, in the process of formation, pinch off excess shoots, leaving from 3 to 5 of the strongest, growing from the fork. The same is done with the rest of the branches, which contributes to the formation of a lush bush.

After fruit formation, the skeletal branches are pinched or cut off the top. The fruits will begin to ripen intensively into already formed fruits.

Weather conditions are also an important factor. In dry weather, it is better to leave the lower leaves to protect the soil from overheating.

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In damp and rainy weather - to evaporate excess moisture that can provoke a fungus, the lower part of the bush is exposed.

Therefore, if you want to get a high-quality and rich harvest of delicious peppers, you should not neglect the process of forming bushes.

Chemical composition and nutritional characteristics

Fresh bell peppers are about 92% water, and most of their calories come from carbohydrates. It is clear that the chemical composition of different varieties of red pepper is slightly different, but still, the benefits for the body are almost the same for everyone.

In particular, the carbohydrates in this vegetable are mainly simple sugars (glucose, fructose), which also give ripe fruits a sweetish taste. Pepper is a good source of fiber and a leader in some vitamins. One medium vegetable contains more than 150% of the daily value of vitamin C, making this fruit one of the best sources of ascorbic acid. Vitamins of group B in the chemical composition of the fruit are presented in almost complete composition. In particular, bell peppers can be considered as a source of vitamin B6, which is important for the formation of red blood cells, as well as folic acid (vitamin B9), an essential substance for expectant mothers. Different varieties of sweet peppers are rich in antioxidant vitamins A and E, and red and green fruits also contain vitamin K, which is beneficial for healthy bones and proper blood clotting.

In addition, Bulgarian vegetables are rich in substances with pronounced antioxidant properties. Among the most important antioxidant components, researchers name:

• Violaxanthin, an antioxidant found in abundance in yellow fruits;
• lutein - found in abundance in green pods, adequate intake can improve eye health;
• Quercetin, a polyphenolic substance useful in the prevention of cancer and heart disease.
• luteolin is a polyphenol known for its complex effects on the human body.

Most of us tend to believe that beneficial sulfur-containing substances are found only in cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli and other types of cabbage) and in fruits of the onion family. But bell peppers can also be a valuable source of sulfur compounds.In particular, recent studies have confirmed the presence of such compounds in different varieties of Bulgarian pods, which allowed scientists to classify them as foods that improve metabolism and prevent cell mutation in the body.
Nutritional value per 100 g of raw pepper: comparison table

Components	Red pepper	Green pepper	Yellow pepper
Calorie content	31 kcal	20 kcal	27 kcal
Water	92 g	94 g	92 g
Cellulose	2.1 g	1.7 g	0.9 g
Protein	1 g	0.9 g	1 g
Fats	0.3 g	0.2 g	0.2 g
Carbohydrates	6 g	4.6 g	6,3 g
Vitamin A	157 mcg	18 mcg	10 mcg
Vitamin C	127.7 mg	80.4 mg	183.5 mg
Vitamin E	1.58 mg	0.37 mg	–
Vitamin K	4.9 μg	7.4 μg	–
Vitamin B1	0.05 mg	0.06 mg	0.03 mg
Vitamin B2	0.09 mg	0.03 mg	0.03 mg
Vitamin B3	0.98 mg	0.48 mg	0.89 mg
Vitamin B4	5.6 mg	5.5 mg	–
Vitamin B5	0.32 mg	0.1 mg	0.17 mg
Vitamin B6	0.32 mg	0.22 mg	0.17 mg
Vitamin B9	46 mg	10 mcg	26 μg
Calcium	7 mg	10 mg	11 mg
Iron	0.43 mg	0.34 mg	0.46 mg
Magnesium	12 mg	10 mg	12 mg
Phosphorus	26 mg	20 mg	24 mg
Potassium	211 mg	175 mg	212 mg
Sodium	4 mg	3 mg	2 mg
Zinc	0.25 mg	0.13 mg	0.17 mg
Copper	0.02 mg	0.07 mg	0.11 mg
Manganese	0.11 mg	0.12 mg	0.12 mg
Selenium	0.1 μg	–	0.3 μg

Photo of forming pepper

Health benefits

Researchers have long proven that regular consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has a beneficial effect on the human body, including as a prevention of the most serious diseases. But the chemical composition of different fruits is significantly different, which means that their benefits for our health are also different. Now we will find out why sweet peppers are special and what are its main advantages.

Prevents cancer

While many foods acquire antioxidant properties thanks to vitamins A, C and E, sweet peppers contain much more antioxidant substances. In addition to vitamins, these pods contain an impressive list of other equally powerful antioxidants such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and organic acids. By the way, after analyzing the composition of antioxidant substances in different groups of vegetables, the researchers came to the conclusion that bell peppers contain a unique set of antioxidants, which is repeated only in tomatoes. And antioxidants are the best defense against malignant tumors. In addition, as already mentioned, the composition of the Bulgarian vegetable contains sulfur-containing formations, which also have anti-cancer properties.

Improves eye health

Among the most common visual impairments, ophthalmologists name cataracts and macular degeneration of the eyes, which usually affect older people. However, eating well can significantly slow down or even prevent the onset of disease. In the composition of sweet peppers, scientists have found more than three dozen different types of carotenoids, including alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin. These substances not only give vegetables their bright color, but can also significantly improve eye health. Simply put, if you want to protect yourself from ophthalmological problems, then you need to make friends with sweet pepper.

Prevents anemia

Insufficient iron intake is the cause of anemia. And Bulgarian vegetables will help to overcome this disease. Firstly, they are a real storehouse of iron, and secondly, they are rich in vitamin C, which improves the absorption of iron. For this reason, experts advise serving fresh bell peppers as often as possible as a garnish for meat, and also do not forget about these bright pods, using spinach rich in iron.

Strengthens the immune system

This vegetable is a real storehouse of vitamins and minerals important for health. Vitamin C alone in fruits contains almost one and a half daily intake. And this is already a serious argument in favor of the immunomodulatory properties of the Bulgarian vegetable.

Improves mood and regulates sleep

Vitamin B6 is the best defense against depressive mood and insomnia.This vitamin, when ingested, contributes to the production of serotonin and norepinephrine, chemicals responsible for good mood. Can't sleep for a long time at night? Eat bell peppers! Vitamin B6, contained in it, among other things, contributes to the production of melatonin in the body - a substance that helps to adjust the internal clock.

Promotes weight loss

100 grams of sweet pods are ridiculously low in calories and almost no fat. And this is great news for people trying to lose weight. In this case, bell peppers, rich in useful minerals and vitamins, are an ideal product for a low-calorie snack.

Other benefits

In addition to the benefits already mentioned, bell peppers have the ability to remove toxins from the body, regulate blood pressure and maintain muscle health. Regular consumption of this vegetable helps to prevent respiratory diseases, treat gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, and dispersion. In addition, sweet pepper juice is believed to be beneficial for the treatment of sore throats and nosebleeds, it can lower cholesterol levels and have anti-inflammatory effects. Eating these fruits will help strengthen blood vessels, prevent thrombosis and atherosclerosis, and improve the overall well-being of people with diabetes.

Sweet pepper is useful for people with insufficient secretion of gastric juice, for osteoporosis, for nervous disorders, and also as a natural antispasmodic.

What is the difference between peppers for open beds

When cultivating peppers outside the greenhouse for the first time, it is better to draw up a list of requirements for the variety in advance:

• Appearance... Fruits are long, flattened and even rounded, can be cone-shaped or "barrel" shaped.
• The size... Small peppers are handy for stuffing, they can be pickled whole. But one giant fruit is enough to feed a whole family with fresh vegetable salad.
• Color... The palette of shades is not limited to the traditional carmine, burgundy, yellow or green. In the beds, fruits of all colors of the rainbow, even black and white, are found.
• Wall thickness... The thicker the crust, the more pulp inside. Thick-walled peppers are good for rolling, while thin-walled peppers are easier to stuff.
• Taste and aroma... Some prefer to grow sweet, others cannot do without spicy. Even ordinary bell peppers differ in sugar content, may be neutral in taste or "sour".

Where do you grow pepper on your site?
Greenhouse

All these are subjective characteristics that will help you figure out what exactly the summer resident wants to get from pepper seedlings. To choose the best varieties of pepper for open ground according to objective criteria, take into account:

• the height of the bush;
• its spreading;
• the depth of the roots;
• resistance to diseases and pests;
• growing needs;
• susceptibility to weather conditions.

Seeds are varietal and hybrid. The first ones are obtained by selection - these are plants adapted for a specific region. From them, fruits with seeds of approximately the same characteristics grow, which can be used for seedlings in the future.

Hybrid seeds are the result of crossing different species. They are identified with the F1 marking and are not tied to specific conditions. Growing hybrids is more difficult, but they are less likely to get sick, give a stable predicted yield. Fruit seeds are not suitable for sowing.

When growing peppers in open beds, it is better to use varietal zoned seeds. Firstly, it will help to save money in the future, and secondly, they are initially adapted to the peculiarities of the area.

Another important selection criterion is the ripening period of the fruit. Peppers are late and early. The latter are divided into ultra- and mid-early. Planting several different varieties in the same area can provide a stable supply of fresh vegetables throughout the season.There are plants that tolerate transplanting from soil into a pot well and continue to bear fruit literally on the windowsill for almost the entire winter.

Peppers of the species Capsicum frutescens

Shrub plants are the main meaning of the name of this group. It is less popular than the previous ones. This species is represented by the well-known varieties of Tabasco and Malaga. Peppers grow in compact bushes. The fruits are elongated and red in color. They are small in size. The length of the pod does not exceed 4 cm. The advantage of Tabasco is the juiciness of the fruit, which has a moderate pungency. On the Scoville scale, it varies in the range from 30 to 50 thousand units. The varieties are suitable for growing in containers.

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The best breeding hybrids

Cultivation hybrids are obtained by crossing existing varieties with certain characteristics. This makes it possible to obtain plants with the desired parameters.

The best varieties:

• Belladonna;
• Claudio;
• Eskimo;
• Gemini;
• Gypsy;
• Earlier miracle;
• Pharaoh;
• Fat man.

Gemini f1, Formerly miracle f1, Fat f1 - varieties with high characteristics of resistance to adverse influences. They perfectly tolerate low temperatures, unstable climate and weather disasters. When ripe, the peppers are distinguished by their outstanding size and weight. The fruit wall is very juicy with a characteristic crunch.

What to cook with sweet pepper

Bell peppers are one of the most popular vegetables in the world. It is used raw, grilled, added to soups and stews, baked with meat and fish, stuffed, added to salads. This type of pepper goes well with almost all vegetables, including potatoes, carrots, eggplants, green beans, tomatoes, garlic, and onions. Almost all spices and herbs are suitable for it. Bulgarian fruits are in harmony with chicken, fish and seafood, which allows you to add the vegetable to meat and fish salads. The combination of sweet pepper with meat, nuts, cheddar cheese and dried fruits perfectly emphasize the taste of each other. By the way, such a set of products is traditionally used for stuffing fresh peppers, which are then boiled or baked. In Chinese cuisine, finely chopped bell peppers are added to traditional noodles, while Italians are added to pasta and pizza. Serve a grilled vegetable with cheese and olive oil sauce.

And if you are reading these lines, then now you already know exactly how to choose the right bell pepper in order to pamper yourself and your loved ones with the most delicious and healthy vegetable. Moreover, now you know almost everything about the benefits of Bulgarian fruits.

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Necessary care

If you decide to plant such a fruit in your garden, pay attention to how you need to care for it:

1. 
   The temperature should be around 22-25 degrees.

2. In order for the seedlings to have enough light, the container must be placed on the windowsill. In cloudy weather, seedlings must be additionally illuminated with a lamp. Ideally, the plant should receive a lot of light between 8 am and 8 pm. If it is not enough, it will lead to leaf fall.
3. When the soil dries up, you can water it with medium temperature water. It is also important to create moderate watering and not allow the soil to completely dry out or moisture stagnation. Deep moisturizing of seedlings leads to diseases. Seedlings may also respond to leaf spraying from a spray bottle.

Important! When airing the room, the seedlings should be removed from the windowsill, since they do not like drafts and may die.

The main types of hot pepper

The history of growing an amazing vegetable crop begins far back in the past. Pepper is believed to be native to Central and South America. It is currently quite popular and grown all over the world.

Pepper surprises with its variety. There are more than 3000 varieties of this crop. Plants are grouped according to their characteristic features. For hot peppers, this parameter is the quality of the fruit. The classification takes into account color, shape, aroma and taste. The tests are based on determining the presence of capsaicin in the fruit, the content of which affects the pungency of the vegetable. Measurements of this parameter are carried out on the Scoville scale. All hot peppers are also called chili. They are grouped into the genus Capsicum. The plant that "bites" is the main characteristic of all chili included in it. The genus is a full member of the Solanaceae family. It consists of five domesticated species. The following can be distinguished:

• Capsicum annuum.
• Capsicum chinense.
• Capsicum baccatum.
• Capsicum frutescens.
• Capsicum pubescense.

In addition, twenty-six wild species are known.

The best varieties for suburban cultivation

Bitter peppers can be grown in the country - "from the garden to the table," so to speak. The proposed varieties can be planted in a greenhouse or under a film in the fresh air. For household plots, such varieties of hot peppers as Superchili and Ogonyok are suitable.

Superchili

It is a hybrid variety with a high degree of pungency. Such a plant should not be planted next to other vegetable crops, otherwise the latter become bitter and lose their original taste.

The height of the Superchili shrub reaches 100 cm, the length of the peppercorns is up to 30 cm with a weight of up to 50 g each. The fruits hang under the dark green foliage, resemble catkins, have a cherry tinge and a pungent taste.

Super chili is often used in cooking for the preparation of sauces and meat dishes; it does not participate in preservation because of its natural bitterness.

Fire

In a pot or in a garden bed, the Ogonyok pepper bears excellent fruit. This is an ornamental shrub 40 cm high, from which up to 100 ripe pods can be harvested per year. Fruits weigh up to 50 g each, and reach 5 cm in length.

As they ripen, hot peppers change color - from green to deep red, they become hot to taste. The fire is used in conservation and for treatment; when consumed in large portions, it can cause heartburn and digestive problems.

Habanero Chocolate Variety (Congo Black)

A powerful, highly branched plant with large oval leaves and reaches a height of 120 cm.

Unripe fruits are dark green in color. Gradually, as it ripens, the color changes. The peppers take on a chocolate brown hue. Their dimensions are: width - 3 cm; length - 6 cm.

The period for the fruits to reach technical maturity is 100 days. Ripe fruits are quite fleshy. They have a special fruity aroma and a fairly high pungency. It is 425 thousand units on the Scoville scale.

Classification by fruit location

Sticking up

Modern varieties of sweet peppers are usually quite large, where the wall thickness is 6 - 8 mm. And therefore, it is difficult to keep such fruits upright. But, nevertheless, varieties with such an arrangement of peppers exist. Further, the list contains the following varieties:

1. Firework
2. Juliet
3. Boneta F1
4. Dionysus
5. Golden pheasant

Hanging peppers

Basically, peppers grow in a hanging position.

Fruit color and shape

Pepper pods differ in their color range and everyone knows this. This popular culture can be of different colors. Among them:

• green;
• yellow;
• red;
• Orange;
• purple;
• white.

  

At the same time, peppers represent a kind of multi-seeded or "false" vegetable, which has completely different shapes - proboscis, flat-round, cuboid, round, cone-shaped, tomato-shaped, ribbed, grape, etc.

Content

• 1. Secrets of choosing a variety of hot pepper
• 2. The best varieties of hot peppers of early ripening
• 3. The best varieties of hot peppers of medium ripening
• 4. The best varieties of hot peppers of late ripening

A popular seasoning of many national cuisines has several names: hot, hot, bitter, paprika, chili. There are more than 3000 varieties of this crop. Various varieties of capsicum differ in the level of taste sharpness: from unbearably hot to slightly pungent. How to choose the right one?

Ripening terms

If we talk about the southern regions, then in the open space this culture rarely ripens, therefore it is mainly grown in greenhouses. It has a herbaceous stem, which sometimes stiffens at the base. If this happens, then this means that during the branching on the shrubs during cultivation there is a chance to see single flowers. The ripening time for peppers is somewhat different from similar vegetables, since this species has a rather long growing season.

The best varieties, in the opinion of breeders and experienced gardeners, are precisely the early maturing varieties, which are sown specifically through seedlings in the South and in the middle latitudes. And they do this first in specially prepared boxes, where there is already land with a substrate (approximately the beginning of the month of February).

Benefits for hair, skin and nails

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Everyone dreams of beautiful, healthy hair. But unhealthy diet, poor ecology and disease can cause thinning, hair loss and sectioning, and dandruff. And sweet pepper improves blood circulation, which has a beneficial effect on the scalp and accelerates the growth of new hair. In addition, pepper contains many substances that help strengthen hair and nails.

The vibrant Bulgarian fruits contain huge reserves of vitamin C, which aids in the production of collagen in the body. Namely, the elasticity and freshness of the skin depends on this substance. Also, do not forget about the huge list of antioxidants, as they are known to be the worst enemies of wrinkles and early aging. Juice of green peppers and carrots will help cleanse your face from age spots. Bell peppers are a good source of vitamin E, which is essential for skin health. Therefore, if you want to keep your skin fresh for a long time, and make your hair strong and shiny, then there should always be a place for fresh pepper in the diet.

Mexican chili jalapenos

Heat-loving vegetable peppers are grown as a perennial crop in Mexico and the southern United States. In countries with cold climates, these plants are most often grown in greenhouses. Greenhouses or conservatories are suitable for this. Chili data feel good on the windows of city apartments. The fruits of the varieties of this family are elongated pods.

They are green in color, which, when ripe, changes to red or yellow. The pungency of the fruit is not very hot. The flowering period lasts from spring to the end of the summer period. This promotes the conveyor ripening of the fruit. This characteristic makes the plants quite attractive when grown at home. Hot indoor peppers will delight with beautiful flowering and numerous burning fruits. Home-grown varieties can be found in the Jalapeno family.

Chile Capsicum baccatum

The rainforests of Brazil are considered the birthplace of these unusual peppers. These are "berry-like", rather powerful plants. They reach a height of up to 1.5 meters. A distinctive feature of this species is the unusual color of the flowers, the corollas of which have yellow or brown spots.The taste of the fruit of an unusual shape may be weak or pungent.

There is a pleasant fruity aroma. Among the plants, hot peppers of the Aji Orchid variety deserve attention. Peppers called Bishop's Crown and Baccatum are also popular. They are suitable for growing at home.

What kind of plant is it and what features does it have?

Sweet peppers are a vegetable crop that has become widespread due to its taste. Its advantage is that it contains a lot of vitamins. At maturity, the fruits turn red or take on different colors. Especially valuable pepper for those who like to preserve. This perennial shrub is often used as an annual plant.

There can be a lot of flowers on it, in addition, pepper is recognized as an optional self-pollinator. The shape of the fruit in pepper can be different - narrow, curved, conical, cuboid, rounded. The color can vary from dark to light green, and can also be yellow, red, orange, brown, purple.

Testimonials

Evgeniya, Moscow The best proven sweet varieties can be called "Bugai", "Big Papa", "Ivanhoe", "Health". I have been growing them for several years now. Sometimes from the hybrids I leave the seeds until they fail. I am constantly getting rich harvest. This spring I plan to plant chillies.

Maria, Yaroslavl I love the “Gift of Moldova” variety very much. He is the most picky about leaving. The bushes grow miniature, there are many fruits on them. I will plant again. I can also be ideal for beautiful spins on the festive table.

Evgeny, Tula I liked the peppers "Apricot Favorite", "Ivanhoe", "Pomegranate" and "Hedgehog" very much. I can say separately about legumes - I liked them very much. I even made paprika out of them myself. You can also swirl in small jars. Pets will appreciate.

Photo gallery

TOP-7 varieties of bell peppers for the largest harvest

Every summer resident dreams of overtaking neighbors in terms of the amount of harvest. But the yield of peppers (like other vegetables) is at the gene level. The plant is simply not capable of producing a result greater than that for which it is "programmed" by nature and breeders. If the purpose of planting is to get fruits for harvesting, and even more so for sale, it is better to choose high-yielding varieties.

Pinocchio - 10.5-13.2 kg / m2

This variety is zoned in the North-West, Central regions and Chernozem. Fruits ripen early, ready to eat 88-100 days after germination.

Pinocchio does not like cold water - before watering it is defended in the sun. In order for the crop to ripen on time, you need to maintain soil moisture at the root. At the flowering stage, the bushes are watered every 3 days.

Red peppers Pinocchio are large, weigh up to 120 g, have a conical shape without hard ribs. The yield rates are up to 98%. They are eaten fresh, used for freezing, rolling and cooking hot meals.

Charm - up to 12 kg / m2

This is one of the largest hybrids, which guarantees a bountiful harvest even when the seedlings are closely spaced in the garden. In less than three months, the fruits are ready for consumption, but it is advisable to let them ripen for a few more weeks so that the peppers acquire a bright red color.

The seeds grow into a semi-spreading shrub of medium height. With a pulp thickness of up to 5.5 millimeters, the fruits weigh about 100 grams.

Atlantic - 8-10 kg / m2

There is no mention of this variety in the official register in Russia, but Atlantic is well known to summer residents. The pepper grows on strong bushes about a meter high and gives up to 10 kilograms of fruit from each square meter of the plot in less than three months after planting.

The weight of large peppers reaches 200 grams. The stem does not always withstand such a load and needs a mandatory garter.

Atlantic seeds produce long 20-centimeter peppers with fleshy walls, up to 10 millimeters thick.They are used with pleasure for stuffing, put in lecho and canned vegetable cuts. If you do not break the watering regime and weed the beds, the bushes bear fruit for a long time and abundantly.

Kazbek and Kometa - up to 7.6 kg / m2

Very productive and hardy hybrids that remain viable even in cold weather. Technological ripeness usually occurs 110 days after the first germination of seeds.
110-140-gram peppers grow on tall (more than 1 meter) compact bushes, they look smooth, even. Despite the rather thick 8 mm walls, this variety keeps the skin tender, not inferior to imported counterparts in taste.

Red pearl - 6-7.5 kg / m2

Initially, the variety was developed for greenhouse cultivation, but in the south of the country, seeds can be planted directly in the open air. It is a delicious pepper with a rich aroma that is easy to store after harvest. Large 110-140-gram fruits are ready for consumption on day 110, but they acquire a marketable appearance later - after another couple of weeks.

Ararat - 6.4-7.2 kg / m2

For a mid-early pepper variety, only 112 days are enough for the first shoots to turn into strong tall bushes with technically mature fruits. Ripe peppers have a deep red color and weigh up to 140 grams.

The plant grows well in arid soil and has a friendly yield. Peppers are stored for a long time, do not lose their presentation during transportation.