All about growing grapes from seed at home

Tips & Tricks

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If sand prevails on the site, then the vine is planted in trenches. On clay and loam, it is recommended to plant grapes on the ridges.

For watering and fertilizing, plastic bottles with a cut-off bottom are installed between the seedlings.

In the first year of life, young animals can be left in the container in which they grew at home. The buckets are not completely buried in the ground, they are taken out for the winter, transferred to the basement, and in the spring the bushes are planted in the ground without containers.

Annual shoots are tied up horizontally, then they will all grow the same.

Watering is stopped a week before the expected flowering.

It is necessary to make drainage grooves. Wet leaves and too wet soil should not be allowed.

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In the first years of life, seedlings need shelter for the winter. Shoots are removed from the trellis, laid on the ground and covered with spruce branches, a layer of spunbond or a film.

Growing rules and stages

Growing rules - meeting all planting and care requirements.

Landing

Preference should be given to fertile land, you can do it yourself. Fertile soil is a substance made of equal proportions of humus and sand. Fill the container with the substance, incubate the seeds to a depth of 1 cm. The containers are placed close to the window, the seedlings need light.

The emergence of sprouts

Outwardly, the seedlings resemble pepper shoots. They need care, watering, soil loosening. It is imperative to make the optimal amount of dressings, organize work to combat harmful insects. The main enemy of grapes is the spider mite.

Transplant

At the end of May, young sprouts are moved into convenient wide containers, the pots are taken to the loggia. During the summer period, the vine can reach a couple of meters in height. With the onset of the autumn season, the bushes are planted in the garden. Plants can be transplanted immediately, but before that they must be hardened. To do this, a pot with a bush is taken out into the street for half an hour, then for an hour, for two, etc.

How to plant and grow properly

The preparatory stage begins with working on ripe fruits. Bunches with whole berries that have reached physical maturity are suitable. You must first remove the skin from them and manually separate the seeds. Next comes the stage of rejection of green and black seeds. Only well-ripened red-brown specimens are suitable for germination.

Seed preparation

The planting material must be rinsed under running water to completely remove the remaining pulp. After that, the seeds need to be disinfected by placing them in a slightly pink manganese solution for 30 minutes. After that, the planting material must go through a stratification stage. This will increase the percentage of germination and adaptability of future plants.

Read more about why grapes are drying and how to deal with it.

Stratification

The procedure is a pre-sowing preparation of seeds by keeping them in a cool environment. The whole process takes 35-40 days.

Step-by-step scheme for performing actions:

1. Prepare coarse sand. Its volume should be a multiple of the number of seeds.
2. Thoroughly pour boiling water over the sand and dry it.
3. Mix the sand with the seeds and moisten it with a spray bottle so that the mass crumbles easily when squeezed.
4. Place the mixture in cassettes or boxes, placing it in a layer of 5–7 cm.
5. Install the boxes in a cool room, where the air temperature is maintained within + 3 ... + 5 ° С, for 25-30 days.
6. After this period, increase the air temperature to + 25 ° C.
7. Maintain the moisture content of the mixture within 50% at all times, without allowing it to dry out.
8. If cracks appear on individual specimens, select them from the total mass and sow.

How to sow in a pot and how to care?

For seeding, you can use glasses or cassettes. The soil for germination is prepared by mixing 2: 1 humus and sand. The mixture is pre-fried in an oven at a temperature of + 100 ° C. When the soil cools down to + 20 ° C, the seeds are planted one at a time to a depth of 1.5 cm. Then the soil is moistened from a spray bottle with water at room temperature (+ 23 ... + 25 ° C).

Important! Seed germination can be accelerated by varying day and night temperatures. The night temperature should be 4-5 ° C lower than the daytime. The containers are installed on a well-lit window sill, preferably from the south or southwest side.

If there is not enough light, you need to take care of additional illumination with phytolamps. The air temperature in the room must be constantly maintained within + 25 ... + 27 ° С, air humidity within 30–40%, soil moisture - 50%. In order for the sprouts to develop evenly, they need abundant lighting for at least 8 hours a day. Basic sprout care consists of the following activities:

The containers are installed on a well-lit windowsill, preferably from the south or southwest side. If there is not enough light, you need to take care of additional illumination with phytolamps. The air temperature in the room must be constantly maintained within + 25 ... + 27 ° С, air humidity within 30–40%, soil moisture - 50%. In order for the sprouts to develop evenly, they need abundant lighting for at least 8 hours a day.

Basic sprout care consists of the following activities:

• watering - after the topsoil dries up 3 cm deep, it is carried out using a spray gun;
• loosening the soil - after each soil moisture;
• applying a fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorus - every 10 days - once by the root method, the next - by the foliar method.

Caring for grapes at home

Grapes are an unpretentious plant, they do not have to pay much attention, only carry out basic activities.

Conditions for growth

The plant is provided with optimal conditions. This will reduce the likelihood of contracting infections and accelerate its growth:

Temperature

During the growing season, room temperature is suitable for the growth of grapes. The optimal range is considered to be within + 19 ... + 25 ° С. In winter, the liana feels comfortable at temperatures from 0 to + 10 ° С.

Humidity

At a moisture content of less than 70%, the vines begin to dry. The risk of infection with fungal infections and spider mites increases. To create optimal conditions, the vine is sprayed with warm water once a week. In winter, a humidifier or containers of water are placed near the pot.

Lighting

Cultured grapes are picky about light. It is grown on southern or southwestern windowsills. Wild grapes do better in shade. He is kept near the north or southeast window.

If the room is cool enough in winter for the plant to enter a dormant state, additional lighting is not required. If the room is warm and it is planned to obtain a second harvest, fluorescent lamps are used in winter, located at a distance of 20 cm from the pot.

Watering

During the growing season, the grapes are watered 1-2 times a week. The hotter it is in the room, the more often it is. For irrigation, use warm, settled water. Moistening the soil with cold water is the main reason for the development of root rot.

During the fruiting period, the number of waterings is reduced. The soil is moistened no more than once every 10 days.In winter - no more than once every 2 weeks, provided that the room is cool. If the room is warm, the grapes are watered as usual.

It is recommended to water the plant from a watering can - this way the liquid penetrates into the ground more easily and at the same time loosens the ground.

Top dressing and fertilizers

So that the grapes on the windowsill develop quickly, do not get sick and give fruit, top dressing is applied according to the scheme:

1. The first top dressing is in early spring. The fertilizer contains potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. Home remedy option: 1 kg of chicken manure, 9 liters of water, 25 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salts.
2. The second and third top dressing is applied in the summer, before the fruits reach their maximum size. The product must contain potassium salts and phosphorus.
3. The fourth time, fertilization is applied when the berries reach their maximum size. A preparation containing phosphorus, potassium and other elements other than nitrogen is used.
4. The last time in the season, the grapes are fed in the fall. Use a complex mineral fertilizer that does not include nitrogen and chlorine.

The day before applying top dressing, the soil is moistened.

Shaping and trimming

Formation is carried out in autumn or early spring. The strongest new shoots are left on each new branch. They are divided in pairs. One vine of the pair is left intact, and the second is cut so that at least 3 buds remain on it.
After the end of fruiting, the long vine is cut off. Shoots sprout from a small pruning, which are formed according to the method described above.

Every autumn, sanitary pruning is done: old, dry parts of the plant affected by diseases and pests are removed.

Transfer and transshipment rules

Before the first fruiting, the grapes are transferred to a freer container annually. To do this, it is removed from the pot along with a lump of earth, a few centimeters of the upper soil and drainage is removed. A drainage layer is poured at the bottom of the new pot and the plant is immersed along with a clod of earth. The missing volume is filled up with soil. The grapes are watered.

After the first fruiting, the vine begins to be transplanted. This is done once every 2-3 years. When transplanting, the plant is removed from the pot and at least a third cleared of the earth. Sick and damaged roots are removed. Drainage is poured into the pot, grapes are placed there, and the free space is covered with earth. The soil is moistened.

After transplanting, the plant is kept in a shaded place for 7 days. This will help him adapt.

The vines will need support. To do this, they are allowed through the window or tied to a rope stretched at an angle.

Propagation by cuttings

In addition to growing grapes from seeds, you can propagate it by cuttings. Cuttings are planted immediately in the place where the permanent arrangement of the bushes is planned.
To obtain cuttings, you need to cut off the branches of grapes from recently cut bushes, but so that each branch has at least three buds. The bottom of the cutting is cut at an angle. Above the bud, the branch is cut 2-3 cm apart, also at an angle of at least 45 degrees.

Planting cuttings:

1. Plant the harvested grape cuttings in the soil, and the more such harvests there are, the more chances you have to get good seedlings.
2. The soil should contain sand and humus, but should not be alkaline (this can be checked with a special device). It is not worthwhile to strongly saturate the soil with mineral fertilizers, this can harm the grapes.
3. Requires equipping a vine support. She will begin to crawl up, and she will need to cling to something. Most often, such a support is made of wood and can be both vertical and horizontal.
4. Cuttings should be planted in the spring, when the frost stops at night.
5. Deepen the cuttings into the ground to the upper buds (they should rise slightly above the soil level), observing an interval of 2-3 m.
6. The soil should have been moistened, but without excess. Homemade irrigation systems can be used if the summer is too dry.
7. When the cuttings began to grow, you need to regularly prune the branches and prevent a set of brushes, since the grapes will bear fruit with the proper strength only after 3-4 years of growth.
8. Pruning of branches should take place closer to winter, when the bushes begin to rest from flowering and fall asleep.
9. It is also worth making sure that pests and diseases do not destroy the seedlings.

Most often, grapes are propagated using seedlings or cuttings. The use of the seed method is associated with a number of difficulties. Therefore, it is used much less often.

When planting seeds, be aware of the risks involved. It will not be possible to foresee in advance what qualities a new culture will acquire. There is a chance that the berries will not be as large as expected. Also, their taste characteristics may deteriorate.

There are many problems that can be solved by growing grapes from seed. The procedure helps to bring out a new fruiting variety. Therefore, this procedure is often carried out by breeders.

Rootstock

Quite often, seed grapes are grown as a rootstock. On the resulting bush, it will subsequently be possible to inoculate a productive variety.

Sometimes the summer resident wants to feel like a breeder. In such a situation, he grows grapes by seed method for general development. For this, it is recommended to plant several seeds at the same time.

Then it will be possible to compare the obtained plants in terms of resistance to diseases and pests, to assess their resistance to frost and dry weather, to determine the yield parameters and qualitative characteristics of berries.

Simple recipes for jam and grape jam for the winter

Grape jam

In the photo, grape jam

To make grape jam according to this recipe, first, the berries must be removed from the bunches and rinsed thoroughly, having previously cut off the tails. Then discard the damaged fruit. In order for the grape jam to be really tasty, it is necessary to take only whole berries with fleshy pulp and dense skin. Then it all depends on which variety is used: green, blue or white. The quality of the final product will depend on this. Green fruits are usually pre-boiled in plain water to soften them. To preserve the color, you can add a little salt at the rate of half a teaspoon per 1 kg of berries. Blue and white varieties do not need such processing. Only grains are removed from them. If the berries are overripe, you can also remove the skin.

The product is now completely ready for the main process.

Grape jam can be prepared in different ways. The most common is the usual option, for which you need to take 1 kg of ripe fruits, 1 kg of sugar and a glass of cold water.

Cooking is carried out in several stages: Syrup is boiled from water and sugar. Prepared berries are dipped into it and the mixture is brought to a boil. The product is boiled for 5 minutes on low heat, and then set aside until it cools completely. The procedure is repeated a couple more times. In the course of boiling, one must not forget to remove the foam and remove the floating grains. For taste, you can add a little citric acid (a teaspoon) or vanillin at the tip of a knife at the very end of cooking. At the end of cooking, hot grape jam, prepared according to this simple recipe, is laid out in sterilized jars and tightly sealed with tin lids. Store in a cool and dry place.

Grape jam can be made in a slightly different way: Put the washed berries in a prepared bowl. Pour the boiling syrup over the fruits and leave for 12 hours. Then bring the mixture to a boil and leave again for half a day. On the third day, add chopped lemon (pitted) to the hot mass. Otherwise, the process of making grape jam according to this recipe is unchanged. On the fourth day, add 10 g of vanillin to the hot jam and put the product in jars.

Grape jam with the scent of cherries for the winter

In the photo there is an unusual grape jam

In order to prepare such an unusual grape jam according to this simple recipe, you need to have the following: 3 kg of grapes, 3 kg of granulated sugar, citric acid, cherry stalks, vanillin.

The grapes are carefully sorted. After that, it is washed and boiled in boiling water for about two minutes. In order for the grapes to acquire a pleasant cherry smell, washed cherry stalks must be placed in this water.

Then they take water and sugar, make a syrup, put berries in it, which are already scalded. Let it all stand at room temperature for 4 hours. Then everything is brought to a boil, cooked for about an hour over low heat, and then removed from the stove for about 10 minutes. Then add citric acid to the jam, as well as vanillin if desired, and then cook until cooked.

Be sure to sterilize the jam jars before rolling up. The grape jam, prepared for the winter according to this recipe, is cooled without turning the cans over.

Look at the photo for grape jam recipes:

Grape jam

In the photo grape jam

Berries and fruits are good not only in the form of jam. Jam can be a great option. This product is perfect as a filling for pies or as an addition to morning toast. Homemade grape jam for this simple recipe is made as follows.

For such a dish, you will need 1 kg of sugar, 1.8 kg of grapes, the zest of half a lemon and 80 ml of lemon juice. It is better to prepare jam like this: rinse and sort the grapes thoroughly. Remove each grape from the shell. Cover the resulting mass, put on medium heat, bring to a boil and leave for 5 minutes. Now the mixture must be squeezed through a sieve to get rid of unnecessary seeds. Pour the mass back into the pan, add the rest of the ingredients according to the recipe, let it boil and leave to simmer over low heat until cooked. It remains only to put everything in a previously prepared dish, seal it tightly and store in a cool place.

Next, you will find out what can be made from grapes for a sweet table.

Open ground transplant

The grown grape seedling is transplanted into open ground as soon as it reaches a height of 30 cm. At the same time, warm weather should already be established on the street and there should be no threat of night frosts. The landing site is well-lit, protected from the north cold wind. It is preferable to plant grapes in light soil with good air permeability and drainage. The location of the site in lowlands, high humidity or the close location of groundwater can provoke freezing of the bushes.

For planting young grapes, holes are dug at a distance of 1.5-2 meters from each other. A nutritious soil mixture prepared from equal parts of river sand, any kind of humus and earth is poured there. Before planting the plants, the hole is well moistened. If clay soil prevails on the site, then it is recommended to add compost, sand or other material for drainage to it.

At the same time, the soil is examined for acidity. Different grape varieties have different preferences in this regard. For example, plants of American origin do best at a pH level of 5.5-6, European plants - 6.5-7, and hybrids - 6.0-6.5. If the parameters do not correspond to the recommended ones, then it is necessary to take measures to normalize them.

A warm and sunny day is chosen for planting grapes. Each shoot is fixed on an established support. In the first year, the main care is the organization of timely watering, loosening of the soil and weeding of emerging weeds. If everything is done correctly, the plant will take root well, and its height will reach 1-2 meters.

Formative pruning is carried out only in the third year of the life of the grape bush. If the variety is chosen successfully, then it will bear fruit 3-4 years after planting, however, there have been cases when the plant gave its first harvest after 2 years.

When growing grapes for making wine, you need to know that the quality of the soil has a significant effect on taste. The first feeding of the bushes is carried out a couple of weeks after planting on the site. In the future, fertilizers are applied once a year, usually in the spring. The support is organized by any available and preferred methods:

• arbor option;
• parietal method;
• tapestry method.

If it was decided to grow grapes using the wall method, then it is worthwhile to retreat from the wall at least 1 meter so that the bush has the opportunity to receive the dose of sunlight it needs and be well ventilated. While the grapes are still small, you can attach them to pegs driven into the ground. Their height is selected in such a way that the vine does not have the opportunity to sink to the ground.

As the grape bush grows, the pegs are removed, and the twigs are fixed on a trellis or arbor, forming a beautiful green frame from them in the future. Weak or damaged processes must be removed in a timely manner so that the bush does not waste energy and nutrients on them. You also need to ensure that the grapes do not grow too thickened, as this leads not only to its depletion, but also to the development of fungal diseases.

Why do we need this?

This method of growing grapes from seeds is used very rarely for two reasons: a long wait for fruiting, the inability to predict what a plant from a seed will be in the end. It would seem, why waste a lot of time and resources if there are more accessible and convenient ways. Nevertheless, the method is very interesting, especially for gambling gardeners who love experiments. And that's why:

• Thirst for new summer cottage experiments... For example, you can experiment and plant grapes with seeds of different varieties and see what comes of it, how they differ.
• Desire to make a new variety... Very often, using seed cultivation, they try to create a new variety.
• The desire to make a stock... The method of planting grapes with seeds is relevant when the gardener plans to make a stock (a grape bush on which another grape will be grafted).

By the way! How plant grapes in spring, read in this material.

Note! Seed grapes begin to bear fruit in about 4-5 years. In some cases, it is possible to achieve fruiting after two or three years, but this is more the exception than the rule.

Preparing for planting grapes from seeds

After a complete check of the seeds for viability, it is necessary to rinse them.

Planting grains are poured with water and left for a day. After the bones are stratified, this procedure is called stratification.

The germination of grains can be stopped or accelerated. If you plan to grow a bush after a month or more, then you can place the seeds in a cold and damp place. A suitable environment for slowing development is being in the soil in winter. But to grow seeds at home, the germination process should be accelerated.

Substrate

The backing is an airtight package with a lot of damp paper towels. In addition to towels, you can use sand, peat moss. It is better to leave your choice on the last option, since moss has antifungal properties, it quickly gets rid of mold.

Package

The bones are placed in a bag, distributing them over the area. A special earthen mixture is poured on top of the grains, the thickness of which should not be more than 15 mm. Place the bag in a damp and cold place. The best option is a refrigerator. The storage period is 90 days.

You cannot send a package to the freezer, only to the shelf. Grains for planting are obtained in early March, the planting of grains is carried out in a container

It is important to plant seeds one at a time in each pot.

Temperature

The night indicator cannot fall below 15 degrees. To prevent the temperature from dropping or rising, seeds should be stored in a greenhouse or heated mats should be used.

The soil

It is impossible to fill the soil if you have recently watered the plant, but the ground has already dried up - use a sprayer. Sprouts break through the soil layer from 14 to 56 days. Carry out regular monitoring of plant development.

You can transplant the bushes only when they reach 8 cm in height. In order for the plant to become strong and frost-resistant, the pots are not taken out into the garden until the grapes reach 30 cm. In addition, the roots of the plants should be strengthened, and about 6 leaves should appear on the stems.

How to plant a seedling in a pot

A seedling grown from a cuttings or purchased from the market is recommended to be planted in the spring. During the active growing season, it will take root and develop faster.

Before planting grapes, choose a suitable planting material. Saplings should have a developed root system, firm but elastic bark, and live roots. The trunk height is above 2 m.

Preparation of the substrate and container

In order for the seedling to take root, the soil is prepared. The soil should be loose and fertile. Peat, humus and river sand are mixed in equal proportions. A glass of ash, 35 g of superphosphate, 35 g of urea and 20 g of potassium salt are added to 10 kg of soil mixture. Mix the ingredients thoroughly.

When growing grapes in an apartment, you will need drainage: fine expanded clay or crushed stone, broken ceramics, special filler.

The soil and drainage are disinfected: they are ignited in the oven, poured with a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate or boiling water.

For the first planting, a container with a volume of 4-5 liters is sufficient. In the second year, the vine is transplanted into a pot with a volume of at least 8 liters.

The containers are also disinfected - they are wiped with a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate or a product prepared from a bucket of water and 1 tbsp. l. copper sulfate.

Landing algorithm

Planting grapes at home is a short-lived process:

1. The roots of the seedling are cut by a third. Soak in a light pink solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes and for 2 days in a root stimulator "Kornevin".
2. A layer of drainage 1-2 cm high is poured onto the bottom of the pot.The rest of the space is filled with soil so that 2-3 cm remain free to the edge.
3. The seedling is buried in the ground so that it can stand unsupported. The lower part of the trunk is spud to make a small mound.
4. The plant is watered abundantly with warm water, covered with foil or a cut-off part of the bottle.
5. The seedling is watered as the soil dries. When watering, the liana is sprayed.
6. When the buds begin to open on the plant, the film is removed.

What seeds should be used and the choice of a suitable variety

If you plant seeds of any kind in the ground at home or in the country, then you may fail, since there is no guarantee that the seed will sprout, and the cultivation and fruiting of grapes will be successful. Therefore, you should carefully consider the choice of variety, so that it is easier to grow a plant from seeds at home.

Ideal for this business is grape seeds of some new hybrid variety.with improved parameters, excellent resistance to diseases and adverse external factors. Thanks to these qualities, the grape seed has more chances to root successfully, grow normally and bear fruit well in the future.

Also when choosing a variety it is very important to focus on the climatic conditions of the region... After all, not every variety will be comfortable in a particular region. Therefore, you need to find out in advance which variety is optimal to grow in your climatic conditions.

In addition, you can also choose an option depending on the ultimate goal, for example, you just want to consume it or make juice, jam, wine, etc.

Important! In order for the cultivation of grapes from seed at home to be successful, it is necessary to take seeds for planting from well-ripened grapes. It is also desirable that they are sweet and large, and the seeds themselves should be brown with a dense shell.

Preparation for rooting

In early spring, the vine needs to be rooted. Planting material must be prepared before planting.

Safety check

When removing seedlings from their winter storage, you need to unpack them and inspect each for their suitability for planting. To do this, it is necessary to cut all the cuttings with a transverse cut and inspect this place: a shank suitable for rooting will have a moist core and a cut of bright green color, without inclusions. If the cut site is dry, then this vine is unsuitable for rooting, since it did not survive the winter and dried up.

Soak

After a thorough examination of the planting material, it is necessary to "wake up" it by saturating it with moisture.

To do this, perform the following actions:

1. Take a bucket or other convenient container and fill it with warm water.
2. Immerse all the seedlings in a bucket and soak them in the liquid for two days.

Pruning

After the vine is in a warm liquid, it is cut into shanks with 2-3 eyes.

This procedure is carried out as follows:

1. Make an upper straight cut 1–2 cm above the eyelet.
2. Make a bottom cut with an oblique cut 1 cm below the extreme eyelet.
3. Level the bottom cut with a sharpened knife so that the cambium does not remain crushed after cutting with a pruner.

Stimulant treatment

By cutting off the cuttings, you need to stimulate root formation in them:

1. At the bottom of each cutting with a sterile knife, make vertical cuts along the lower internodes and rub "Heteroauxin" (phytohormone of growth) into them to form a root callus in the shank.
2. Lower the shanks with a lower cut for two days in a solution of a root formation stimulator, which can be prepared from humate, honey or aloe juice (1 tablespoon per bucket of water).
3. Treat the upper cut with a garden pitch.

Important! If the buds of inflorescences began to develop on the segments of the vines in the stimulator, they must be pinched off, otherwise they will use up the entire supply of nutrients of the young plant for their development.

Grape care

Asking the question of how to grow grapes correctly, first of all it is worth familiarizing yourself with the basic nuances of caring for it. The life expectancy and productivity of the plant depends on the correctness of agricultural technology.

Rules for planting and caring for grapes in the open field for beginners.

Care after winter

When the temperature outside reaches + 5 ° C, the shelter is removed from the plant. The bush is sprayed with "Epin". The grapes are examined for diseases, sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp. L of the product is taken in a bucket of water).

Preparing for winter

To prevent infection of grapes with infectious diseases, it is treated with a solution of copper sulfate. Collect all leaves and plant debris. The vine is bent to the ground and fixed with a load or bracket. From above, the plant is covered with spruce branches.

Watering

The grapes do not need frequent watering. The first time the soil is watered after the winter shelter has been removed. The second planting is watered 7 days before flowering, and the third - when the plant fades.

The last time in the season the grapes are watered when all the fruits have been harvested. For irrigation, use warm, settled water. This procedure is carried out in the morning or evening when the sun is inactive.

Garter

The procedure is carried out in 2 stages. A dry garter is carried out immediately after the winter shelter is removed. The vine is tied to the first step of the trellis. A green garter is made as the shoots develop. The regrown parts of the plant are attached to the next steps of the shoots at an angle.

Loosening

After each watering and precipitation, the soil around the grapes is loosened to destroy the earthen crust. During the loosening process, it is convenient to remove the weeds that carry the infection.

Preventive treatments

When grapes grow, it is important to protect them from disease. For this, preventive treatment is carried out

The first time the plant is sprayed in the spring, the second time a week before flowering or on the buds, the third - after flowering, the fourth - when the fruits reach the size of peas.

For spraying, Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate or systemic fungicides are used.

Helpful Growing Tips From Experienced Gardeners

In their experience, many gardeners have deduced several rules that will make it possible to grow real young grapes from the seed. Listen to these tips, and perhaps you will repeat their positive experience.

Gardeners have their own tricks for growing grapes

• If you want the young plant to be resistant to temperature extremes, and the drop in temperature outside after planting does not shock the grapes, you need to start hardening the plant. In spring, when the temperature is at the level of 10 degrees Celsius and above, it is necessary to take the plant outside for several hours. Such hardening will form good immunity in a young plant.

Don't be afraid to season your grapes

• Any grapes, even those grown from seeds, need to be properly fertilized. For this, you can use ordinary humus. However, gardeners recommend using garden complexes. It is important that the following names are indicated in the list of ingredients: nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, potassium, zinc. When transplanting a plant into the ground, this fertilizer is scattered over the pit. It is important to choose the right ratio so that the grapes have enough nutrients.

Nitrogen fertilizers increase the productivity of grapes

• It is worth planting plants in the ground only when the weather has settled and the earth has warmed up. For example, at the end of June. Be sure to check the weather forecast. It is important that frosts are not expected in the near future. Otherwise, the plant may die from such a change in environment. If you plant in May or early June, you run the risk of planting grapes in cold ground. Even the most seasoned plant will not be able to cope with such a misfortune.

Do not plant grapes in May and early June. Otherwise, the plant may die.

• Pre-prepare the site for planting grapes. And it's not just the formation of the holes. It is important to plant all shrubs, flowers and plants that need nutrients and substances away from young grapes. At first, grapes require a lot of nutrients and trace elements. Due to the fact that he is a “novice” in the land, he will not be able to compete with more experienced guests. And this will lead to the death of the plant.

Do not plant grapes next to spruce and fir trees, they will take away all the nutrients from him

• Finally, make sure that the weather forecast during landing, before and after it will not rain. Unfortunately, heavy rains can lead to decay of the grape roots.

Planting grapes with green cuttings

Perhaps, many will be interested in this particular method, which was developed by Yu.D. Lykov. His method is used by many gardeners. The cultivation of grapes takes place over one summer period. According to the author, July is considered the best period. Cuttings are taken from shoots or stepchildren with 3-4 buds. The bottom is cut 3-4 cm below the knot, and the top is just above the kidney. The cuts are placed in a container with rainwater.
For rooting in this case, you need a 5 liter bottle. The top is cut and filled with earth, and a hole is made at the bottom for drainage. Recommended soil: 50% compost and 50% regular soil. Lykov for his method uses the soil dug up by moles. After the earth is laid, it is compacted by shaking and tapping the bottle.For better shaking, also pour rainwater. In cuttings with 3 buds, the lower leaf is removed, and the 2 upper leaves are cut to reduce the surface evaporation area. In a two-eyed cutting, only the upper leaf is left. You can install 4 slices of 5-6 cm in the bottle.

Wooden slats are placed in the bottle to make a frame. A plastic bag is put on top and fastened tightly. The finished greenhouse is placed on the sunny side. For the first 12 days, the cuttings do not need to be touched, because a natural moisture is created inside at a high level. Further, the seedlings are aired and watered every week. It takes an average of one month or one and a half to rooting. In early August, the cuttings are sent to the open ground. This method promises full ripening of the seedling by October.

Exfoliation of seeds

Many grape seeds need to be placed in a cold place to start growing. In nature, this process takes place while the seeds are underground during the winter.

You can do this natural act right at home. To do this, you will need:

Prepare a flat and smooth area for the seeds of these grapes. In a container, preferably airtight, pour sand or peat moss, which will be the best option, because of its anti-fungal properties, which in turn help if mold appears on the surface of the seeds.

It is necessary to place the seeds on the surface and cover them with a soil mixture.

Chill grape seeds by placing them in a refrigerator that can be used to adjust the temperature. The bones must be kept in this state for three months. An excellent temperature for grape seeds is 1-3 degrees. Under no circumstances should the bones freeze.

How to choose grape seeds?

If you have tried a variety and you really liked the taste, you can try to grow grapes directly from its seeds, collecting them after eating the berries. Such experience has chances to be successful, but it is more useful to approach business with knowledge of some nuances.

- It is better to take seeds from the new harvest of new early varieties and hybrids that bear fruit in local conditions. Seedlings from imported seeds of southern varieties are not very promising in the conditions of central Russia.

- Seeds of American and Amur hybrids have better germination than seeds of European varieties.

- In the early varieties, in contrast to the later ones, it is necessary to isolate the seeds from the berries immediately after the appearance of color and the beginning of the accumulation of sugar. If the shell is hard and golden, not yet brown, the seeds have passed the stage of milky-wax ripeness, they are suitable for sowing.