Bone meal as a fertilizer for indoor and garden plants

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Meat and bone meal are valuable protein supplements for pet and poultry feed. The product is prepared from carcasses of dead animals that are not suitable for human consumption. Chicken meat and bone meal is completely safe, but it is important to observe the dosage.

Bone and meat-and-bone meal for chickens

It is useful to give meat and bone meal to layers to increase egg production. Broiler chickens also need a lot of protein for healthy growth, so meat and bone meal is used as a supplement for broiler feeding.

Available organic fertilizers

As a rule, both mineral and organic fertilizers contain the same chemicals and compounds, but in the first case, fertilizers are obtained chemically, and in the second, they are the result of the vital activity of living organisms.

Organic fertilizers include processed products of plant and animal raw materials, food and plant waste:

• compost
• manure
• sawdust
• peat
• litter
• bone flour

When choosing organics for plant nutrition, it is important to focus on availability, cost and ease of use.

For example, compost or manure have a low cost, but they cannot be applied in "fresh" form, they are suitable only after some time.

In addition, most organic fertilizers are bulky and require storage space.

Bone meal is devoid of this drawback, it takes up little space and can be used immediately after purchase.

In addition, if manure, peat, compost are applied in buckets and kilograms, then bone meal is calculated in spoons or grams.

This is due to its composition and the need of plants for those substances that it contains.

Product storage

Flour is rich in protein components and fats, so it can quickly deteriorate and lose its beneficial properties if you neglect the following storage rules:

• keep in a cool but dry place that is well ventilated or regularly ventilated;
• do not allow an increase in the level of humidity in the room and direct sunlight on the additive;
• keep the room temperature up to 28 ° C (this is the maximum allowable temperature, because if the room is warmer, the fats in the flour will begin to decompose with the release of dangerous toxic substances).

The additive can be stored under acceptable conditions no longer than 12 months from the date of production. The date of manufacture must be indicated on the packaging.

What is bone meal and how is it obtained

Bone meal can be classified as a dry fertilizer of organic animal origin.

In appearance, it is a gray-yellow powder. Bone meal production is a by-product of the processing of farm animal carcasses.

The raw materials for it are the bones of cattle, horses, and other animals. And since bones contain a lot of phosphorus, bone meal is primarily used as a source of this substance, although it also contains calcium and nitrogen.

Thus, bone meal is primarily a phosphorus fertilizer for plants.Depending on the production method, the content of nutrients in bone meal also differs.

It is distinguished by the following types:

• ordinary bone meal, phosphorus amount up to 15%
• steamed bone meal, phosphorus amount up to 25%
• fat-free bone meal, phosphorus up to 35%

How to prepare compound feed with your own hands

Although the feed is commercially available, farmers have a recipe for making it at home.

For broilers

If a broiler is fed, prepare a mixture according to this recipe.

To ensure a sufficient energy level, the mixture includes from 40% cereals, at least two types.

Attention! Broilers are not fattened for more than three months, since by this time they have already reached their maximum weight. Their further maintenance is unprofitable.

For hens

For laying hens, food is prepared according to this recipe:

• cereals: corn - 500 g, wheat - 150 g, barley - 100 g, peas - 30 g;
• other plant components: sunflower meal - 100 g, herbal flour - 50 g;
• products of animal origin: meat and bone meal - 80 g; fish meal - 60 g;
• additives: yeast - 40-50 g, vitamins - 10-15 g, salt - 3 g.

It is not difficult to formulate the correct ration for broilers and layers. The huge amount of products on sale ensures the health of the chickens and the profit for the farmer.

Bone meal making

In addition to phosphorus, bone meal contains calcium, nitrogen, sulfur, sodium, chlorine and other elements. If bone meal is prepared from raw bones, then the nitrogen content in it is higher.

The value of bone meal as a fertilizer also lies in the fact that the beneficial substances from it belong to those that are absorbed by plants slowly and one application is enough for a whole season.

It is important to remember that in acidic soils, the phosphorus content decreases faster. When using bone meal as a fertilizer, it is necessary to take into account not only the type of soil, but also the phosphorus requirement of various plants.

Dosage

chickens and roosters are fed dry food and mash of vegetables, cereals, meal, etc. The basis of the diet of chickens is wet mash. Meat and bone meal can be added to both types of feed.

In the summer, chickens walk, peck at worms and insects. They get some protein from live food. The need for proteins and calcium in layers in the summer is increased, so you still need to add meat and bone or bone meal to the feed.

Meat and bone meal should be added to feed

the normal dosage of flour for chickens should be no more than 6-7% of the total weight of the daily feed. An adult laying hen, according to the instructions, should receive about 7-11 g of supplements per day.

There are special instructions for the use of additives for feeding broilers. Flour is introduced into the diet of young animals gradually, the dose is constantly increasing. How much powder to give chickens:

• 1-5 days - the product is not added to the feed.
• 6-10 days - the norm is 0.5-1 g per head.
• 11-20 days - the norm is 1.5-2 g per head.
• 21-30 days - the norm is 2.5-3 g per head.
• 31-63 days - daily dose - 4-5 g per head.

The gradual use of a protein supplement will ensure healthy growth and mass gain.

It is impossible to exceed the dosage of meat and bone and bone powder for young and adult chickens. This can lead to the development of gout and impaired protein metabolism.

Application of bone meal, methods of application

It is most convenient to add bone meal when preparing the beds for planting. This must be done with deep digging of the soil.

Deep digging is necessary because phosphorus is inactive in the soil, and the closer it is to the roots of the plant, the better.

The best time of the year for this is autumn, although in spring it can also be brought in by digging up the beds.

Usually, before processing the soil, bone meal is evenly scattered over the surface of the earth and dug up. The norm is from 100 to 200 grams per square meter. In this way, flour is brought under fruit and berry crops, perennial flowers.

It is best to add bone meal under vegetables immediately before planting, in a groove or hole, slightly mixing with the ground.

Results of competent application

Phosphoazotin helps to restore the orchard after a bountiful harvest. Phosphorus is necessary for budding the next year and a safe wintering. Ornamental plants bloom longer and more abundantly. It is also possible to use flour on indoor crops. For potted flowers, the powder is mixed with the soil. Norm 3 tbsp. l. fertilizers for a medium-sized flowerpot (5 g of substance per 1 liter of soil). Thanks to its prolonged action, the supply of nutrients will last for a year.

Attention! Fertilizer bone meal is not used for azaleas and rhododendrons.

General effect on plants:

• strengthens immunity to viral diseases;
• improves the taste of fruits, shortens the ripening period;
• promotes growth, woody shoots.

Phosphoazotine is added to the plant compost to compensate for the lack of phosphorus and potassium. But it is not recommended to mix fertilizer with mineral complexes, since it is possible to disrupt the absorption of nitrogen by the roots, due to an excess of phosphorus.

A small percentage of nitrogen does not allow vegetables to actively gain green mass. The fertilizer is used to improve the soil in greenhouses and greenhouses. It is almost impossible to oversaturate the soil, but there is a risk of disrupting the ratio of substances in alkaline and neutral ph plots.

Bone fertilizer is recommended for use by experienced agronomists and amateur gardeners.

Do you use bone meal in the garden? For which plants?

Organic Bone Meal Fertilizers

The application rate is one spoon for each plant. Bone meal can be recommended for all bulbous plants, it stimulates regrowth of roots and rooting of bulbs. Before embedding the onion in the soil, mix one or two tablespoons of bone meal with it and then plant the onion.

You can make a liquid fertilizer from bone meal with your own hands. A kilogram of flour is mixed with 20 liters of hot water. Stirring regularly, let the mixture stand for one week. When applied, filter the solution and dilute with water in the amount of 380 liters.

How to choose

Since low quality meat and bone meal can provoke bird diseases, it is important to be able to choose the right product.

There are a number of recommendations for this:

1. Avoid cheap supplements whenever possible.
2. High-quality flour looks like a powder of various shades of brown, and also has its own special smell.
3. Do not take additives of yellow, green colors.
4. Avoid meat and bone meal that smells like rot or musty.
5. The powder should be of a homogeneous consistency, consisting of small granules.
6. If there are large lumps, it means that the procedure for manufacturing or storing the product has been violated.
7. Try to buy meat and bone meal from the same trusted manufacturer.

Important! The yellow color of the product may indicate the impurity of soy in it. Manufacturers use it to reduce the price of the product, but this has negative consequences for birds: there is a lack of protein in their diet, which can lead to disease and cannibalism.

Benefits of using as fertilizer

After applying bone meal in the garden, after about six months, the soil becomes softer and more nutritious. It acts on plants as follows:

• their development improves (growth is activated);
• the root system is strengthened (root development is accelerated);
• positively affects the growth of shoots and fruiting;
• flowering improves;
• the yield indicator increases.

Unlike mineral fertilizers, which act immediately, bone meal is valued for its long-lasting effect, harmlessness - it can be applied some time before harvesting. In addition, many growers even recommend fertilizing vegetables with this fertilizer a couple of weeks before the fruits start ripening in order to improve their taste.

It has been noticed that bone meal can deoxidize the soil, so it cannot be fertilized with crops that prefer acidic soil.

Meat and bone meal: instructions for use when feeding pigs

Among other things, feeding meat and bone meal stimulates the animals to gain weight. Pigs are given it in the amount of 5-15% of the total mass of feed. It can be a very good supplement for both sows and rearing animals. It is not recommended to use meat and bone meal as an additive only for very young weaning pigs.

After adding flour to the feed, it is no longer possible to heat it. Otherwise, most of the protein and vitamins will be lost. This rule should be observed when feeding both pigs and other types of farm animals and poultry.

Other substances

A small percentage of the content of metal-magnetic impurities (particles up to 2 mm in size) in the flour is allowed. There should be no more than 150-200 g per ton of product. Among other things, meat and bone meal, the use of which allows you to save on feed, contains substances that stimulate the metabolism in the body of animals. First of all, these are adenosine triphosphoric and glutominic acids. With a lack of the latter, for example, chickens may develop growth depression.

Stimulates the development of poultry or animals and some other substances contained in flour. These include, for example, carnitine, bile acids, seratonin, thyroxine, etc.

Description

Bone meal is a product made from animal or fish bones. Due to the low cost price, the output is also an inexpensive price of the fertilizer itself, which makes it affordable for all segments of the population. In all countries of Europe and the CIS, this additive is used, so the issue of its environmental friendliness is not even on the agenda. In Japan, by the way, this fertilizer is also used, but mainly made from fish bones.

The great advantage of bone meal is that, being an organic product, it does not harm the soil, does not pollute the environment, and does not accumulate in plant tissues.

Feeding is obtained by mechanical grinding of the bones of cattle. After processing, the bones take the form of a dry, finely dispersed powder with insignificant more voluminous inclusions. The color of the fertilizer is pale yellow, flesh-colored.

The video shows bone meal as fertilizer:

Bone meal is especially beneficial for the development, flowering and growth of bulbous. Therefore, if there are tulips, gladioli, or just onions on the site, pay special attention to this fertilizer. But top dressing can be used not only as a fertilizer for plants. Often it is fed to livestock, helping animals and poultry to gain weight faster and get stronger.

Bone meal is made primarily from bones, but sometimes also from the hooves and horns of cattle. And if earlier raw bones were ground, due to which the flour was more saturated with nitrogen, now the raw materials are usually boiled first.

Therefore, in order to get a complete fertilizer, rich in all possible trace elements, experienced gardeners recommend mixing ordinary flour and made from hooves with horns: such a mixture can optimally saturate the soil. But how to plant mustard in the spring, and how much the effect can be achieved, is described in great detail here.

Structure

Top dressing has the richest mineral composition. Thus, bone meal contains many valuable trace elements and biological extractives. The last substance is like dietary supplements for humans.The top dressing contains digestible proteins, as well as lysine, methionine and cystine. Due to this, bone meal is highly valued in animal husbandry as well.

The mineral composition of the product is very diverse, due to which bone meal has such a beneficial effect on plants. So, this fertilizer contains:

• iron;
• copper;
• manganese;
• cobalt;
• iodine.

Bone meal is mainly valued for its high content of phosphorus and nitrogen - the main fertilizers for any plant.

And this is just the “tip of the iceberg”. Many other useful and rare trace elements are also found in this natural fertilizer. Sometimes you can even find such name of bone meal on the price tag as phosphoazotine in garden stores. But how to cook pigeon droppings is described in great detail in this article.

Views

Bone meal has its own varieties, which differ depending on the level of phosphorus in them. Let's consider these types in more detail.

• Regular bone meal is a powder with a phosphorus content of 15%.
• Steamed flour is a fertilizer with a phosphorus content of 25%.
• Fat free it also contains as much as 35% phosphorus, and is the most concentrated of all similar types of dressings.

It is more profitable to purchase concentrated flour, since it is consumed more economically, and less space is needed for its storage.

How to use mineral fertilizers for tomato seedlings, you can understand by watching this video.
But what the main types of mineral fertilizers exist, and how they look, are detailed in this article.

It will also be interesting to understand how to breed dry chicken manure:

Benefit

We will find out what are the advantages of using bone meal as a fertilizer.

The first advantage of this top dressing is of course its natural origin. It is very important that no harmful nitrates and pesticides get into plant tissues. Bone meal decomposes for about 8 months, after which it is completely included in the composition of the soil, without disturbing it, and without spoiling the ecology.

The fertilizer is suitable for all plants. Even the most fastidious representatives of the botanical world consume this top dressing with pleasure, and it only benefits everyone. Bone meal can even be used as fertilizer for home flowers growing in pots.

The fertilizer produces good bountiful yields, which has already been proven by gardeners and farmers around the world. At the same time, the cost of the product is inexpensive, which makes it affordable for everyone. It will also be important to understand how to apply dry bird droppings.

The video shows the benefits of such fertilization:

It is possible to use bone meal in dry form: there is no need to dilute it with water in order, as when using almost all other types of dressings.

Bone meal is a highly concentrated fertilizer. To replenish the soil, it takes very little: it is enough to apply the fertilizing only once so that the plants have enough of it for the whole season.

Phosphorus contained in bone meal enters plant tissues gradually, which leads to its balanced content in culture.

Since flour is included in the soil for six months, and enters plant tissues gradually, the risk of excessive mineralization of botanical crops is excluded.

Features of use in horticulture

If the standard feeding is made from the bones of large-sized livestock, then fish, it is clear that it is from fish. The feeding of this species has a higher phosphorus content, which gives it higher nutritional properties. Fish oatmeal is especially beneficial for potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, and other nightshades.

Usually fishmeal is used in those regions of the world where fishing is widely developed. And this is Japan, Argentina, the Mediterranean, and other coastal regions.

In the composition of fish bone meal, in contrast to the usual one, there is not only ground bone, but also soft tissues of fish. Interestingly, sometimes bone meal is obtained not only from standard sources, but also used for the production of such parts of the body of animals and birds as hooves, horns, shells of crabs, crayfish, and even feathers of birds. These supplements are especially rich in iron and calcium. It is also worth learning more about the features of the eggshell here.

Feed additive manufacturing process

Meat and bone meal is produced on an industrial scale according to a special strictly observed technology. The production process includes the following stages:

Meat and bone meal

1. Suitable raw materials are procured. Its role is played mainly by wastes from enterprises specializing in meat processing.
2. The prepared raw materials are checked in special laboratories for the presence of pathogens of infectious diseases. When detected, infected parts of carcasses are discarded.
3. The mass allowed for production is carefully boiled.
4. During the cooling process, the temperature of the raw material drops to 25 degrees. After that, it is sent for grinding. Special installations give the mass an appearance close to powdery.
5. Then, on special equipment with a sieve, the crushed fraction is sieved, separating only flour from it.
6. Using machines that generate magnetic radiation, metal particles are extracted from the flour.
7. Semi-finished products are exposed to the action of special antioxidant substances. They allow the natural ingredients of the supplement to last longer.
8. Special fabric, paper or plastic bags are thoroughly disinfected, after which the finished mixture is placed in them.

It should be noted that in addition to the waste of meat processing plants, carcasses of dead animals from private farms are also allowed for use. The main criterion for this is the absence of infectious diseases.

Application for puppies and adult dogs

Meat and bone meal is a cheaper product than natural beef, chicken, turkey, but you cannot build a diet based on crumbs with bones and processed carcass leftovers. It is no coincidence that the ground product is everywhere called "food additive", which indicates the restrictions in the diet of dogs of all breeds. The desire to save on the amount of meat turns into serious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract for a four-legged pet.

The dosage of meat and bone meal is an important nuance that you need to pay attention to. Owners of four-legged pets should be aware of the negative consequences of exceeding the norm. The amount of meat and bone meal in the diet of various breeds depends on the weight of the pet: small dogs - no more than 7%, medium breeds - up to 15%. For animals of large and giant breeds, it is allowed to increase the rate of meat and bone meal up to 20%.

It is strictly forbidden to exceed the indicated indicators: possible problems with the digestive system, in severe cases - intestinal obstruction. Breeders and amateur dog breeders should remember that cooked meat products do not replace natural meat, but serve as a supplement to the main source of animal protein.

Indications

Veterinarians recommend giving a food supplement with proteins and microelements:

• for puppies to strengthen bones: meat and bone meal contains a high percentage of calcium;
• during examination, the animal revealed a deficiency of mineral components, against the background of which rickets and other lesions of the musculoskeletal system develop. Natural supplement replenishes the level of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium;
• puppies when changing teeth, taking into account the norm for a particular breed;
• when detecting metabolic disturbances that negatively affect the balance of minerals;
• during pregnancy;
• older dogs to prevent joint deformity.

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How often to give

Meat and bone meal is included in the diet two to three times a week. Don't give a natural product too often: the stomach and intestines may be clogged, leading to constipation. Be sure to comply with the norm, do not exceed the percentage of the total weight of food for different breeds of dogs.

Many premium and higher category (super premium) foods also contain meat and bone meal. The difference is in percentage. Elite varieties include a small percentage of natural additives, in cheaper dog food there is less natural meat, but meat and bone meal and by-products replace the main animal component.

Benefits

It would seem that powdered fertilizer obtained from animal bones is limited by micronutrients and cannot compete with other mineral complexes. That is, it is only an additional component in the fertilizing solution.

Compared to other substances, the substrate is valued for:

• slow process of splitting chemical compounds, which provides a long-term effect on the plant and uniform saturation with nutrients;
• harmlessness - the substance can be used even several weeks before harvesting (moreover, professionals even advise to apply the powder 14 days before the fruits ripen to improve their taste characteristics);
• the ability to deoxidize soils, therefore phosphoazotine is applied in limited quantities to areas with an alkaline pH reaction;
• the ability to improve the vegetation of plants at all stages (intensive growth of biomass, flowering, formation and ripening of fruits).

Benefit and harm

Benefits:

• a source of natural proteins;
• a high percentage of micro and macro elements;
• quality nutritional supplement to enrich the diet.

Disadvantages:

• spoils quickly: contains a lot of fat;
• storage rules must be strictly observed in order to avoid clumping and colonization of molds;
• exceeding the norm of a food additive clogs the digestive tract in animals, leads to constipation and intestinal obstruction;
• almost complete absence of vitamins;
• there are no plant fibers, frequent addition to the diet provokes constipation.

Structure

The composition of meat and bone meal is based on easily digestible protein. In products of the first class, its content reaches 50–52%. In the lowest quality mixtures of the third class, its share hardly reaches 30%. In addition to protein, the powder includes:

• fats - from 13 to 20%;
• water - 9-10%;
• fiber - about 2-3%;
• ash - from 26 to 38%.

Each of the flour varieties includes all of these components. The difference between them lies only in their ratio. In the first class formulations, the main share falls on the protein. In the second and third grades, the percentage of fat and water increases significantly, while the proportion of protein decreases.

Reference. Supplements for cows of all three classes are allowed for use in feeding. But higher fat formulations are less effective for animals.

Meat and bone meal: instructions for use when feeding chickens

The inclusion of this product in the diet of layers can significantly increase egg production and save a little on feed. You can mix meat and bone meal for chickens both in concentrated feed and in mash. The optimal dose is 7% of the total amount of cereals.

Only high-quality meat and bone meal should be fed to the bird. For chickens, this product is very useful because it contains a large amount of protein.Unfortunately, in recent years, many companies involved in the manufacture of flour have begun to add soy to it to reduce the cost of flour. Feeding with such a fake brings almost no result. Egg production does not increase; in birds, due to a lack of protein, the number of cases of pecking and cannibalism increases. Therefore, you should not buy cheap flour from little-known manufacturers.

Too much flour should not be given to the bird. This can be the cause of such an unpleasant disease as gout. Also in chickens in the diet of which the content of this supplement is exceeded, amyloidosis often develops. This is the name of a violation of protein metabolism, accompanied by the deposition in tissues of substances with a certain chemical property.

Where is used

In agriculture, this organic powder is quite versatile. It is widely used as a feed additive in animal husbandry and as a fertilizer in crop production.

The substance is quite suitable for feeding garden, ornamental, vegetable garden, flower, greenhouse and pot crops.

In addition, it does not oxidize, even when using mulch that is conducive to this process.

The use of the substrate is appropriate during the spring or autumn preparation of the soil for sowing cultivated plants. In the berry and garden, experts advise first to scatter the fertilizer and only then carry out deep digging.

In the garden, per square meter, you will need to add within 200 g of powder, the dosage can be adjusted depending on the physicochemical characteristics of the soil.