When choosing a suitable fruit tree variety for growing, it is important to pay attention to the local climate conditions. In addition, the history of the origin of the tree variety, the place of origin is taken into account. These parameters establish the biological potential of a tree in accordance with its economic value: frost resistance, fertility and quality of fruits, resistance to diseases, especially fungal ones. A similar potential is possible in areas favorable for growth. What apple varieties are ideal for growing in Belarus?
Apple variety Darunak photo and description of the variety
Nov 15 • Uncategorized • 19 Views • Comments on Apple variety darunak no photo and description of the variety
Content
Belarusian Darunok liked the reviews, and they lured me into the nursery with the taste of apples. I planted it in the spring, the seedling needs about a month to take root, so I did not postpone it for the fall, who knows when the frost will come. The first 2 years, while the trees were at a "young age", for the winter she wrapped the trunk with lutrasil, up to the first lower branches. Now I just pour compost on the ground and do business. Trees tolerate winter well. They bloomed for the first time in the 2nd year of life, but as an experienced gardener, I picked the first flowers so that the apple trees would not lose their strength. And in the 3rd year, she harvested a full-fledged first harvest. Since then, they bear fruit from year to year. The apples are juicy, with good keeping quality, and what is most interesting, during long-term storage they do not lose their taste, but even, on the contrary, become better. They lie well in my cellar until March-April.
This variety is absolutely unpretentious, and the apples are very beautiful and incredibly tasty. The most important feature is that you cannot water and feed the trees during the period of fruit ripening. The first flowers appeared already in the first year after planting, but from my own experience I know that they must be removed so that the tree directs all its strength to growth. After 3 years, I harvested my first crop - 10 kg from 3 trees, and after another 2 years - 60 kg. The apples are very beautiful, large (I weighed the largest apple on purpose - 295 g), bright red, and the flesh is white and juicy. At the same time, they absolutely do not lose their taste during storage, but are stored until spring. In general, the variety was bred specifically for Belarus and is not afraid of short-term frosts, even strong ones. But since I have a dacha in the suburbs and winters are harsh, I definitely do the strapping. If the trees are not watered in summer, then this will not affect the harvest, especially since watering is recommended only before the formation of fruits.
This apple variety comes from Belarus, hence its name. Gift - this is how this variety of apples is translated and it is actually appreciated by many summer residents and gardeners. The apple tree does not grow too large, mine has already grown to 3-4 meters and will not grow any more, since its age is already 6 years old. Apples grow from 200-300 grams. I find it to be the most fruitful variety in my garden. The fruits are very beautiful, almost never get sick, the tree has a high immunity to scab and other diseases. However, I carry out the treatment against diseases and pests regularly, along with other varieties. Pruning is also necessary. The variety is self-pollinated, but the neighbors will not interfere, so you can increase the yield. My apple tree began to bear fruit when I was 4 years old.Frosts are normal, but winter trunks are necessary. The apple variety is subject to long-term storage, I keep them fresh longer by sprinkling with sand.
The Darunok apple tree requires care. The yield pleases every year more and more, but you need to take care of it constantly and carefully. It is imperative to whitewash the trunk in the spring, spraying from scab, antifungal treatment. The apples are very tasty and crispy - a real gift for gardeners. Weight up to about 200 grams. The taste is delicate, full-fledged, rich, sweet. There is very little acid. The apples are burgundy green. The pulp is creamy, very aromatic. The tree is not afraid of frost. The fruits ripen right before the first frost, the harvest can be harvested even in early November. I wrap up the trunk for the winter. Protection against too much frost and rodents is needed.
Testimonials
Svetlana. "The good thing about this variety is that it does not lose its taste during long-term storage, and it even gets better."
Alexander. “It is important that everything is simple and clear when growing. At the same time, the yield is good. And there is no need to wait for it for 8-10 years, which means that the variety will definitely be profitable. "
Anatoly. “The variety has all the qualities that affect efficiency! The commercial quality of fruits, safety, transportability, minimum costs for chemical protection are very important for production. "
Description of the variety
The tree was obtained as a result of selection. Scientists of the Institute of Fruit Growing in Belarus were engaged in it.
The Darunok apple variety is considered late winter.
Benefits
- resistance to frost, even the most severe;
- easy tolerance of drought without loss of yield;
- resistance to common diseases and fungal infections;
- high quality of fruits and quick receipt of the first harvest.
disadvantages
- Demanding soil composition.
- Poorly tolerates stagnant moisture, but needs abundant watering in early spring.
Description of the tree and fruit
Darunok is cultivated on semi-dwarf rootstocks 5-25-3 and 62-396. The plant reaches 3.5-4 m in height by 5-6 years. Further, the growth of the tree stops. The crown is medium in density, compact in shape. The branches are directed downward at a slight angle.
- rounded;
- there is a weakly expressed longitudinal stripe;
- the peel is plastic, thin;
- the main color is garnet, with rare green blotches, there is a silvery bloom;
- the average weight of one fruit is 200 g, but there are larger ones - up to 350 g.
According to the description, Darunok Apples have a long shelf life. The fruits removed in September acquire more pronounced taste qualities by November-December.
Attention is drawn to the characteristics of the pulp. It has a green tint, fine-grained in structure, tender, juicy.
The taste is sweet and sour. The aroma is weak.
- 12% is dry matter;
- sugar - about 9%;
- 100 g contains 2.2 g of ascorbic acid.
Yield
Fruits appear in the first seasons after planting. Each time, the amount of the crop increases.
The apple tree bears fruit annually, does not require rest periods. Fruits on an industrial scale are harvested in the amount of 25-35 tons per hectare. In the conditions of a personal plot, you can get 250-350 kg / m².
Pollinators
Darunok has a parthenocarpic structure of flowers. This means that the apple tree is able to pollinate itself.
Practice has shown that the presence of other late winter and autumn varieties in the garden has a positive effect on the amount of harvest.
The pollen carried by the bees will provide an ovary on all surrounding trees if they bloom in the same period. On household plots, it is better to plant at least 1-2 neighbors with the same vegetative period.
Winter hardiness
Resistance to temperature changes is distinguished.
- easy transfer of strong short-term and weak long-term frosts;
- resistance to periods of drought in summer with high rates of air warming;
- spring frosts do not affect the amount of harvest, the tree tolerates them without harm.
Disease resistance
A valuable quality is the resistance of the variety to various diseases. The VF component is included in the genetic code. It determines the high resistance of the tree to scab.
To take full advantage of the plant's capabilities, you need to provide it with appropriate care. Only preventive treatments of the trunk and crown twice a year give results. Diseases do not affect the tree, the immunity of which is maintained at a high level.
Growing regions
Due to its frost resistance and easy tolerance to droughts, the apple tree can be cultivated in the regions:
- with snowy winters with short temperature drops;
- in summer with scanty rainy periods.
The entire territory of the Republic of Belarus, also the Moscow region and the middle zone of Russia, are suitable for such characteristics. To the north, climatic conditions will not provide the gardener with an abundant harvest due to the cold early autumn and heavy rains. The southern regions can be suitable for growing a tree if the irrigation scheme is adjusted.
Planting an apple tree Darunok
Apples grow in any region
It is better to buy varietal plants from trusted breeders or subscribe from the institute. Plants on local rootstocks are most suitable. They will root better and will not die in frost.
Optimal timing
Planting of the variety is planned twice a year. It is important to wait until the ground warms up to 10 ° C minimum. The best dates are called:
- second half of March in spring, sometimes early April;
- end of September or October.
If you plant a tree in the fall, they expect to have time before the first frost. It will take the roots a month to adjust to the new location. Cooling down will slow down the flow of nutrients to the trunk and branches. The apple tree must prepare for wintering on its own.
Technology
It is better to place Darunok in a sunny area, closed from drafts. In a mild climate, this will not matter much. For planting, choose fertile, sandy loam, loamy soils with a low occurrence of groundwater.
The order of work:
- Remove the top layer of soil 15-20 cm thick. Stir it with peat, ash, humus in an amount of 2: 2: 1: 1. It will be useful for further technology.
- Dig a hole with a rise in the middle in the shape of a cone. The size of the depression should be such that the root system will fit without kinks. The space around the central part is covered with a previously prepared mash.
- They put a tree in a hole and bury it with soil selected from the lower layers. Sprinkle with plenty of water. A tree is tied to a vertical support. A month later, a low embankment is formed around the trunk.
Tree care
The apple tree does not tolerate swampiness of the place in which it grows, therefore, it requires careful watering. In the first year after planting, light soil moisture is maintained, but waterlogging is not allowed. Subsequently, watering is performed several times a month, but stops as soon as the ovaries appear.
You need to fertilize the plant rationally. In the first year, a small amount of nutrients introduced at the root is enough for him. Next, top dressing is done before flowering and during preparation for wintering. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, compost, humus, laid in the ground during digging, will become favorable.
Care also includes important points:
- The tree is pruned in the autumn after dropping the leaves or in the spring before it appears. The first procedure is carried out for 2-3 years from the moment of planting, starting with annual shoots growing inside the crown. The main trunk is cut at a level of 80-90 cm above the ground so that the lateral branches go into growth. The distances between the latter should not exceed 50-60 cm.
- Preventive spraying against pests and diseases is planned in the spring, before bud break.Re-treatment in summer - fungicides and preparations containing copper are used. In March, trunks and supporting skeletal branches are whitewashed with slaked lime.
- Prepare the tree for winter frosts. To do this, mulch the soil in the autumn around the trunk. Wrap the plant in the lower part with spruce branches or anti-rodent material.
Growing in regions
In outskirts of Moscow
Climatic conditions and soils are quite favorable for growing the Darunok variety. Young plants should be tied for the winter. This will protect against damage by rodents and provide warmth in case of a harsh winter. The soil is mulched with peat, humus, rotted manure or sawdust.
The trunk strap will protect against rodents and frost.
In Belarus
The variety was created for the climatic conditions of Belarus and is zoned throughout its territory, and therefore does not need special care. In wet cold years, attention should be paid to the prevention of fungal diseases, despite the resistance to the disease.
The Darunok apple tree is zoned in Belarus.
Features of ripening and fruiting
The Darunok variety blooms already 1-2 years after planting.
Experienced gardeners recommend plucking these buds so that the tree gains strength and gets stronger. In subsequent years, the apple tree will bear fruit with an increasing number of crops.
There is no need to control the ovaries. The plant itself determines the number of fruits, depending on its own strength. Fruit ripening occurs in September - the first half of October. Full ripeness occurs after lying in November.
detailed information
Origin
The winter apple variety Darunok was bred as a result of crossing the BM41497 and Antey varieties. Authors of the variety: V. Grakovich, G. M. Marudo, G. K. Kovalenko, Z. A. Kozlovskaya, V. M. Evdokimenko. The variety of Belarusian selection, created by scientists of the Institute of Fruit Growing, is a promising late winter variety.
Apple Darunok is a popular variety, loved by many gardeners for its high winter hardiness, abundant harvest and surprisingly tasty, large fruits. This tree begins to bear fruit already 2-3 years after planting, yields a crop regularly and very abundantly. The tree is of medium vigor, the crown is of medium density, the branches are drooping. The variety is fast-growing, differs from many varieties by the property of parthenocarpic formation of fruits. Resistant to fungal diseases, winter-hardy and having good commercial qualities of fruits. Productivity; Resistance to diseases and adverse conditions; Winter hardiness; Ease of maintenance. It has no significant drawbacks. Size of an adult tree, annual growth The variety is cultivated mainly on a semi-dwarf rootstock. The plant is medium-sized with a rounded crown, reaching a height of 3.5 - 4.0 m. It grows intensively up to 5 - 6 years, and then the growth stops and a crown of medium density is formed with branches slightly lowered downward.
Distribution locations
The variety was created for the climatic conditions of Belarus and is zoned throughout its territory, and therefore does not need special care. It is also common in Central Russia.
The apple tree needs loose, moist soils. The tree should be protected from the proximity of groundwater.
Climatic conditions
The variety is highly resistant to frost. It was noted that Darunak showed resistance to recurrent spring frosts, as well as to low temperatures during flowering.
Origin
The variety was bred as a result of crossing the varieties VM41497 and Antey. Authors of the variety: V. Grakovich, G. M. Marudo, G. K. Kovalenko, Z. A. Kozlovskaya, V. M. Evdokimenko.
Diseases / pests
The variety is immune to scab (Vf gene).
Fruit
The type of fruiting is ringed, with a high density of distribution of the crop. Fruits are large (on average 185g), round shape, with slight asymmetry, average uniformity.The peel of apples is smooth, thin, oily, the main color is green, the integumentary color is in the form of a striped lilac-red blush, almost throughout the fruit with an intense waxy bloom. Subcutaneous dots are gray, small, well visible. The peduncle is of medium thickness. The funnel is narrow, of medium depth, rusty is small. The saucer is small, lumpy, the cup is closed, not falling. The pulp of the fruit is greenish, tender, juicy, fine-grained, tastes sweet and sour, the aroma is weak. Tasting assessment of the taste of the fruit - 4.1 points. The composition of the fruits: the sum of sugars% - 11.25, RSV% -12.8, acidity% - 0.70, sugar-acid index - 16.1 (data of the Kaluga State Statistical Office for 2008 - 09). The shelf life of the fruits is until April.
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General characteristics
The Belarusian land has always been famous for its fertility, various horticultural crops are grown, and the fruiting is usually excellent. Breeders of local research institutes have bred apple varieties specifically for their lands, with different ripening periods, with a wide range of tastes.
The main criteria for the grades are:
- Good frost resistance;
- Increased immunity to various fungal diseases, especially scab;
- Large fruit size;
- Good taste of the harvest.
The varieties will also differ in the size of an adult tree: in order to accelerate the onset of fruiting, apple trees are grown on dwarf and columnar rootstocks.
Interesting! The crown of such a tree will be small, this will greatly simplify harvesting.
There are many varieties suitable for growing in Belarus, but there are a couple of dozen main ones that are most common in the country.
