The Russian territory is diverse in terms of climate and relief. Therefore, it is difficult to choose one particular variety that would be ideal for any region. The best apple varieties for the Moscow region should be resistant to temperature changes and good immunity. The climate of the Moscow region, although considered moderate, is characterized by cold winters and hot summers.
Apple trees at their summer cottage.
general characteristics
A moderate continental climate means well-defined seasons. In summer, the temperature can rise more than 30 degrees Celsius, but the season does not coincide with one another: either it rains, or there are prolonged droughts.
The same picture is in winter. Subzero temperatures can reach 30 degrees, and sometimes they even get stronger. Periodically, there are tangible thaws, after which frost again sets in, which is a tangible obstacle to the wintering of fruit trees.
Regionalized varieties
Although many people like to plant and grow proven varieties in the country, breeders do a lot of work to prepare and regionalize new apple trees.
Arkadik
A variety that is distinguished by its early maturity and abundance of the harvest. Annual fruiting is possible due to self-fertility and resistance to low temperatures. The trees are unpretentious, grow rapidly, but their maximum growth is about 4 meters.
Apples Arkadik.
Fruits are medium in size, and some are even large, green, with burgundy stripes that occupy more than half of the area. Representatives of this variety have high tasting qualities. The apples are sweet, with a sour note that only adds piquancy and lightness. The tender pulp is very juicy and aromatic. After picking, apples can lie no more than 30 days.
Of the important properties that gardeners will like, they note a good immunity to scab and fungal diseases. The apple tree is very resistant to stress as well. In addition to low temperatures, the culture can easily tolerate return frosts and sudden changes.
Aphrodite
A relatively young variety that has already gained popularity among amateurs and professionals. Apple trees grow very quickly and intensively and need regular pruning and shaping. The tree is fast-growing, frost-resistant and immune to scab.
Apple tree Aphrodite.
The fruit is small or medium in size and has a beautiful regular shape. They look pretty attractive. The shade of the skin is light green, when the fruit is fully ripe, it turns yellow-pink. A pretty blush, specks and dots complete the look. The pulp is pleasant to the taste, with a balance of acidity and sweetness.
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya
The apple tree of this variety was bred by the eminent breeder Michurin. The tree is quite tall, frost-resistant, immune. The first harvest can be obtained 5 years after planting, and if you wait a few more years, you can harvest the largest possible harvest, up to 220 kg.
Apple variety Bessemyanka Michurinskaya.
Fruits are round, with slightly visible ribs, medium to above medium size. The skin color is green, rich, like a lime. The part of the apple, which is turned towards the sun, becomes covered with a beautiful blush, and only light stripes remain on the darkened one. And the taste is even difficult to describe.It is sweet and sour, winey and spicy. The apples are stored without loss of quality for 3-4 months.
Bolotovskoe
The apple trees of this variety are tall, the crown is spreading and voluminous. They are distinguished by a strong root system and frost resistance. There is a peculiarity of fruiting: the collection takes place in the first autumn month, but it is important not to miss the moment of ripeness, because the fruits can crumble, they ripen unevenly.
Apple-tree Bolotovskoe.
The apples are quite large, they can reach 200 grams. They have a dark green color, and in the process of maturity they become lighter, covered with a beautiful blurred blush. The apple tree has a drawback: tasty fruits ripen unevenly, crumble and do not lie too long. But the presence of a gene for scab resistance will be a tangible plus.
Grushovka Moscow
The apple tree is fruitful and rather unpretentious. Although recently its popularity has been declining, because representatives who are resistant to scab come to replace it, and the tree periodically suffers from it. Ripening is very early and abundant, the taste of the fruit with a slight acidity is quite pleasant. Fruits are small, sometimes medium in size, suitable for making stewed fruit, preserves and jams.
Apple variety Grushovka Moscow.
Zhigulevskoe
A high-yielding variety that bears fruit in early autumn. You can store beautiful apples for about two months, then they quickly deteriorate. The pulp is quite tender and pleasant, although on the tasting scale the score is only 3.8 points.
Apple variety Zhigulevskoe.
Resistance to low temperatures and diseases is at an average level, therefore, in the cold conditions of the Moscow region, it is necessary to cover the stem and monitor immunity. The crown is round, but open and not thickened.
Marat Busurin
A relatively new, but already popular variety, which gardeners are happy to plant on their plots. The tree is naturally semi-dwarf and has a scab resistance gene. Fruiting is quite abundant, but the fruit may crumble. The apple tree winters well in the middle lane and even in the Northern regions.
Apple variety Marat Busurin.
The taste of the fruit is very pleasant, dessert, it is considered universal. Apples with a dense skin, but the flesh is very pleasant, juicy. It is considered an autumn variety, but keeps well until December.
Lungwort
The representative of this variety is considered one of the most delicious. The pulp is soft, juicy, creamy, the taste is harmonious, sweet and sour, with a spicy aftertaste and honey aroma. But they have a drawback: the shelf life does not exceed 30 days, so they need to be collected and recycled very quickly.
Apple variety Medunitsa.
Medium-sized tree with abundant fruiting. But there is a limitation: when the apple tree begins to age, fruiting becomes cyclical. But she is not at all afraid of any adversity and impact. She has a high immunity to scab, rot and other fungal diseases.
The lungwort is not at all afraid of low temperatures, it even tolerates -40 degrees and easily tolerates return frosts.
Melba
The tree of this variety is medium in size, bearing abundant fruit annually. The ability to withstand low temperatures is average, Melba is not afraid of cold weather, only with severe prolonged frosts it suffers a little. Resistance to fungal diseases is average; during an epidemic, the tree can get sick.
Apple-tree Melba.
The fruit is delicious. The shade of the skin is green-raspberry, and even plum when fully ripe. The collection is carried out at the end of summer. If you collect a little earlier than technical maturity, then you can save until the New Year. Gardeners note a very pleasant, delicate candy aroma.
Orlinka
The apple tree is tall, spreading and powerful, resistant to low temperatures and diseases. Ripening of an unpretentious variety is abundant.
Orlinka apples.
Fruits can be small or above medium in size. They are of a washed-out green hue with light ruby streaks. The pulp includes acid, sweetness, aroma, and a slightly prickly speck. The fruits need to be processed quickly, because the taste is lost after 3 weeks.
Orlovskoe striped
A tree of medium vigor, disease resistance and medium resistance to low temperatures. In the conditions of the Moscow region, it is better to cover a young tree so that it does not freeze.
Orlovskoe striped apples.
The fruit is medium in size, but there are also large samples. The skin tone goes from yellow-green to raspberry. The pulp has a very harmonious taste, sweet and sour, depending on the period when the fruit was removed. They can be stored under suitable conditions for up to four months.
Pepin saffron
The apple tree is medium in size, with a spreading oval crown. A feature of the variety is its self-fertility. But if you plant an apple tree nearby, blooming at the same time, the yield will increase several times.
Apple variety Pepin saffron.
The fruits are beautiful and delicious. They are the same shape, green, with a beautiful scarlet blush. The taste clearly shows both acidity and sweetness, as well as a pleasant spice. But they will be endowed with the most striking qualities a month after collection.
Gift to Grafsky
The tree of this variety has a high growth and strong annual growth, therefore it needs regular pruning. At the same time, fruiting begins even on a small apple tree, in the second or third year. Cold resistance and high immunity are distinctive.
Apple tree Gift to Grafsky.
The fruits are quite large, round, even and regular in shape. The taste is very pleasant and memorable, harmoniously sweet and sour, the pulp is tender. The collection of fruits is carried out in the middle of autumn, but they are removed very carefully. If they are laid correctly, then the shelf life can be up to April.
Sun
The tree is undersized, but with powerful thick branches. Fruiting is abundant and annual; fruits are removed every year. The advantages are good immunity and high resistance to low temperatures during prolonged frosts.
Solnyshko apples.
The fruit is medium in size, but there are also large samples. Their shade is a beautiful green-pink, with a blush. The pulp is tender and juicy. Storage can last up to six months.
Slav
Self-fertile and resistant apple variety with abundant fruiting. Medium-sized tree, slightly thickened pyramidal crown. Thanks to the scab resistance gene, the tree can be grown even in the most unfavorable conditions. It is not afraid of frost and spring frosts.
Apple tree Slav.
The fruit is large, one-dimensional and attractive. Their pulp is soft, creamy, aromatic. The shade of taste is sweet and sour, very pleasant, with a persistent aftertaste.
Skin color is very beautiful, crimson-red stripes are evenly distributed on the surface.
Wonderful
Summer dwarf variety with a wide spreading crown. Resistance to low temperatures is classified as medium, so the apple tree needs insulation of the trunk and mulching of the roots. But there is a very high immunity to scab and other fungal diseases.
Apple variety Wonderful.
The fruit is medium-sized, flat-round, light green, with a slight ruby blush on the side where the apple touches the sun. The harvest is carried out at the end of summer and immediately strive to process the bountiful harvest. The taste is harmonious, with a full complement of acidity and sweetness and an apple-wine aftertaste.
Lead
A tall, even very tall tree with a wide, overgrown crown. The apple tree is resistant to low temperatures, not afraid of thaws and sudden cold snaps, as well as strong gusts of wind. But he has a weakness: the variety can suffer from drought very much, needs a lot of moisture. The first fruits are removed only after 8 years.
Apple tree Shtrifel.
The fruit is medium in size, green with scarlet stripes.The pulp is a little loose, juicy, sweet and sour. They are usually harvested at the beginning of autumn, but gardeners note, although the declared shelf life is 3 months, it is better to process the fruits as quickly as possible.
Welsey
One of the most productive varieties. Fruits are tied after 5 years, there is no periodicity. The apple tree has a peculiarity: it does not suffer from scab at all, even in the rainy seasons. But the taste of the fruit deteriorates due to excess moisture.
Wellsey apple variety.
The size of the fruits is average, they are onions, round. The shade of green gradually turns into red stripes and during maturation the sides turn brownish. The collection is carried out in early autumn, the fruits can lie for about 5 months.
Delight
The apple tree is small, the maximum growth is up to 3 meters. The crown is small, oval, thin. Fruiting begins at the age of 4, the yield is average in terms of quantity. The tree is resistant to low temperatures, but needs shelter for a young seedling. Scab resistance is very high.
Uslada apples.
The fruit is round, slightly oval. The main skin color is green, but the ripe fruit is almost completely covered with a bright blush. Pleasant apple consistency and taste. The acidity and sweetness in it are intertwined very harmoniously.
Apple saved
This name came from the time when the fruits ripen. The tree is small in size, begins to bear fruit from the seventh year of life. The yield is average.
Apple tree Apple saved.
Fruits are large in size, rounded. The shade of the skin is greenish, thin, reddish, blurred stripes are scattered over it.
The high appreciation of the taste of the fruit is well deserved. The pulp is fine-grained, juicy and soft.
Features of planting and care
Before planting a seedling Moscow winter it is necessary to choose the right place for landing.
Apple tree prefers well-lit area with deep groundwater and fertile, loose soil.
Landing
Timing
Fruit culture can be planted both in spring and autumn. Gardeners still advise planting in the fall, the best time for this is considered end of September.
Watch a video about planting an apple tree in spring:
And a video about the autumn planting:
Technology
For better survival of the apple tree in the hole 60 cm deep and 80 cm wide foliage humus and horse manure are added. Then the fertilizers in the hole are mixed with the soil, a seedling is installed and buried in soil. When falling asleep, the seedling should leave a distance of 7 cm from the root collar to the soil surface.
Apple tree planting scheme.
Distance
When planting a fruit crop, a distance of 4 m between seedlings in a row and 5 m between rows. This planting pattern will ensure that the tree is lit up and makes maintenance and pest control easier.
Top dressing
If the place where the planting was carried out has fertile soil, the apple tree does not need additional fertilization.
On poor and sandy soils, mineral fertilizers are applied in the spring, and complex fertilizers without the addition of nitrogen in the fall.
Agrotechnics
In order for the apple tree to develop correctly and have consistently high yields, in the first year after planting, all the color of the seedling is cut off. In the future, to normalize the yield, 50% of the first fruits are removed at the greenfinch stage.
In the first year, all the color is removed from the apple tree.
The apple tree is quite hygrophilous, to prevent periodicity in fruiting an adult tree is watered at least 5 times a month.
Pruning and shaping the crown
To regulate yields and prevent various diseases you need to correctly form the crown of a young tree... Gardeners carry out pruning of an apple tree according to the following scheme:
- After planting, a young seedling is cut off branches by 1/3;
- A year later, strong, erect, straight shoots are left, all weak branches are cut under the base of the trunk;
- With the onset of fruiting, all curves, diseased, damaged branches are removed from the apple tree.
Apple tree pruning scheme.
Watch the video for a quick guide to pruning an apple tree:
Important! To avoid damage to the apple tree, you cannot cut a large number of branches at one time.
Pollinator varieties
Fruit culture considered self-fertile... Pollination, as a rule, occurs with the help of insects.
Rating of apple trees
This collection contains ratings of the best varieties in a particular category. They differ in taste, ripening times, properties and fruiting.
By maturity
There are three main groups of apples, which differ in terms of ripening:
- Summer, ripen early and practically not stored. These include: Yablochny Spas, Chudnoe, Arkadik, Orlinka, Melba and Grushovka Moscow.
- Autumn, which can lie for several months without loss of quality. These are Solnyshko, Marat Busurin, Slavyanin, Shtrifel and Zhigulevskoe.
- Winter varieties with fruits that can lie for a long time and even until spring. Among the best of them are: Aphrodite, Flagman, Pepin saffron, Bolotovskoe, Welsey.
Among such a variety, every gardener will choose those varieties that will suit his taste.
Self-pollinated
The varieties Melba, Arkadik, Welsey, Pepin saffron and Bessemyanka Michurinskaya are considered self-fertile. They form fruit without pollinators. But if an apple tree blooms nearby at the same time, then the number of fruits will be greater.
Self-pollinated apple-tree Melba.
By sweetness
Of course, there are no comrades for taste and color, and each gardener has his own preferences. But the sweetest varieties are Medunitsa and Arkadik.
Scab resistance
Recently, breeders have been developing varieties with an acquired scab resistance gene. The most immune are Flagship, Chudnoe, Marat Busurin, Orlinka, Aphrodite, Slavyanin, Arkadik.
New
Of the latest bred and registered varieties, the most popular for cultivation in the Moscow region are Arkadik, Marat Busurin and Gift to Grafsky.
Testimonials
Konstantin. Moscow region. “I live in the Moscow region, I have a large garden plot with fruit trees. I can only describe the Moscow winter variety from the best side. He appeared in our garden a long time ago. It is now a mature tree with annual fruiting.
When growing, the apple tree did not create big problems and did not take up free time. The high yield of very fragrant, tasty fruits brought this apple tree to the first place among other fruit trees. "
Karina. Kurgan region. “My favorite apple tree is Moscow Winter. Thanks to her, we get a fairly high yield of delicious apples every year. We use them to make jams, marmalades, compotes. Also, the fruits retain their qualities for a very long time, which allows us to enjoy them fresh until spring. "
Selivanov. T. M. Belgorod region. “The Moscow Winter variety has very tasty and healthy apples. We planted this apple tree 10 years ago and did not regret our choice at all. The tree is unpretentious in care, develops very quickly, does not undergo diseases.
The fruits of a very pleasant sweet and sour taste were loved by our whole family. We eat them fresh for a long time, and also prepare various preserves and boils. "
Varieties of dwarf apple trees for the Moscow region with photos and descriptions
Those varieties of apple trees that grow no more than two meters are considered dwarf. They can be natural or grafted onto a dwarf stock. They have a number of advantages and some disadvantages.
Chudnoye is considered a low natural dwarf. Semi-dwarfs include Solnyshko, Uslada, Arkadik, Marat Busurin. But Zhigulevskoe and Melba can be grafted onto a dwarf stock.
Summer apple trees
Summer varieties are always distinguished by abundant fruiting and very tasty fruits.They are practically not stored, but they are great for making dried fruits, jams and preserves.
There are a number of well-known varieties in this list, and there are also new ones:
- fruitful White filling, with high resistance to low temperatures;
- sweet Arkadik with delicious fruits that are practically not stored;
- dessert fruitful Mantet, which needs protection from scab;
- immune variety in Memory of Tikhomirov with beautiful and tasty fruits;
- early ripening Moscow Grushovka with small fruits;
- beautiful and popular Melba;
- dwarf, but fruitful Candy with a pleasant taste;
- early ripe Antonovka golden;
- small-fruited, but very stable Cypress;
- the sweetest dessert Medunitsa;
- dwarf winter-hardy Wonderful;
- Orlinka, with a pleasant spicy taste;
- early and productive Kovalenkovskoe.
These are just a few popular summer varieties that can be grown in the Moscow region.
Popular varieties
Due to the large variety of known types of apple trees, we can single out those that have the highest popularity. These varieties are found most often in summer cottages, and gardeners continue to grow them with pleasure and talk about apple trees only from the positive side.
"Pouring white"
The long-known species began to be grown in Russia several decades ago. Received the largest distribution in the central part of the country. Ripening of Naliva is distinguished by an early period and begins at the height of summer. The weight of apples is small, up to 100 grams. Skin color is yellow-green. The variety has medium resistance to scab, so spring treatment with fungicides or copper sulfate will not harm.
Attention! For abundant fruiting, the apple tree needs to be fed during the flowering period and before its onset with potassium supplements.
"Arkadik"
The variety was bred by Russian breeders taking into account the temperate climate in central Russia. Large fruits have a sweet-sour taste and a pleasant smell. Arkadik ripens in the summer, in its first half. The variety is characterized by high resistance to scab, its roots are prone to decay.
"Mantet"
This species came to Russia from Poland. It has good frost resistance and can be grown in the Moscow region. The pulp is very tender, sweet. Apples are mainly grown for fresh consumption. In appearance, the fruits are beautiful and delicious. The variety is self-fertile, does not require replanting of pollinators. The disadvantages include the late fruiting period, which usually occurs in the fifth or even sixth year after the start of growing the tree.
"Bogatyr"
The hero has excellent immune abilities, the name of the variety speaks for itself. The apple tree almost never gets sick. Ripening begins in September and occurs until late frosts, while the apples hang on the branches and do not fall off for a long time. The fruits are large, weighing up to 300 grams. According to the taste assessment, the variety received 4.5 points. The bogatyr is characterized by a high yield, even in a bad and rainy summer, the indicator will not fall below 100 kilograms from a tree 5-7 years old.
Even despite the high resistance to scab in many species, you should not forget about the preventive annual treatment of trees, and even more so neglect it. Scab infection begins in early spring, when the buds are just opening. To prevent the disease of shoots at this time, the apple trees are sprayed with fungicidal preparations. You can use Bordeaux liquid or copper sulfate instead of fungicides. Spray the entire tree, including the area of the ground near the trunk circle. If this procedure is carried out regularly, then the apple tree will not hurt, and its life expectancy will be 20 years or more.
The best winter varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region
Winter varieties are those that ripen in the middle of autumn, and they will gain the fullness of their taste only after a short storage period.
It is worth paying attention to:
- stable late winter Alesya;
- familiar to all Antonovka;
- large-fruited, ruddy Bogatyr;
- cute, small and productive Star;
- juicy and sweet and sour Tatyana's day;
- tall Peaceful with pleasant spicy pulp;
- the prolific and popular Sinap North;
- vigorous tree Bolotovskoe.
This is only part of the winter varieties that take root very easily and simply on the territory of the Moscow region.
Features of ripening and fruiting
Fruiting
Start
The apple tree of this variety is a rather slow-fertile culture. The first minor fruiting occurs 7 years after planting a seedling.
Moscow winter begins to bear fruit at the age of 7.
Features of the
At first fruiting, a very small number of apples are formed. With each subsequent year, the yield is growing rapidly.
Timing
Flowering
The flowering period depends on the climatic conditions of the growing region. On average, he falls in mid-May.
Maturation
Apple variety Moscow winter - a typical winter variety. Fruit ripening occurs on end of September... Since shedding is unusual for an apple tree, eating lasts until mid-October.
Moscow Winter apples ripen at the end of September.
Fruit storage
The Moscow winter variety is valued in horticulture not only for the taste of fruits, but also for their high keeping quality. At the correct temperature apples do not lose their presentation within 7 months.
Autumn varieties
It is believed that autumn varieties are very well suited for making compotes. They have a long shelf life compared to summer representatives. Bright varieties are Antonovka and its varieties. Popular also Autumn striped, Dessertnoe Isaeva and Young naturalist.
The climate of the Moscow region is capricious and changeable. But even you can easily find an approach to it by choosing the optimal varieties of apple trees, which are quite simple to grow. It is only important to decide what preferences the gardeners have. Sweet, tall, low and wintery - for every taste and color. They are resistant to all bad weather and cataclysms of the Moscow region.
