Ekaterina Malyshkina Knows which apple tree to plant
About 10 years ago, I decided to make a garden with fruit trees on my site. First of all, I planted an apple tree, but, unfortunately, the young tree died in the winter, because it was simply not adapted to the climate in which I live. After that, I began to plant varieties of apple trees adapted for my region. As it turned out, breeders have bred a wide variety of species.
Apple-tree Pervouralskaya
The creator of this species is the breeder of the Sverdlovsk gardening station Leonid Andrianovich Kotov. The Persianka variety served as the basis.
Its name, as mentioned above, received from the first apple tree with disease resistance to all types of scab known in the world.
The first vaccinations were started in 2000 on Persianka and Progress. Already in 2004 the first harvest was obtained.
Apples color, size and taste attract the attention of lovers of this culture.
In September, you can already admire the beautiful fruits. Another important aspect is their keeping quality. Under certain conditions, apples are stored until March.
Cigarette
The fruits start to ripen late, they are quite large and taste great. Winter hardiness is very good. This is a summer variety, and it was bred by crossing Papirovka and Amber. The crown of the tree is round and strong. All apples in the same tree are the same size. The flesh of the apples is fine-grained and tender. The delicate scent is pronounced.
This variety also has its advantages and disadvantages. First about the benefits:
- the ability to adapt to any climate;
- early maturity;
- high productivity;
- apples have excellent taste characteristics;
- excellent tolerance to low temperatures;
- good resistance to scab and some types of fungal diseases.
There is only one drawback - the fruits cannot be stored for a long time. But these apples are not intended for this, it is better to eat them fresh or cook jam or jams from them.
additional characteristics
Medium-sized tree, which in the first years demonstrates the intensity of growth. Then, the growth gradually slows down.
Features of the
The most important features of this type of apple are their excellent taste characteristics and high, stable yield. Also this apple tree differs in frost resistance and disease resistance.
The Pervouralskaya apple tree is distinguished by excellent fruits.
Tree height
Height largely depends on the place of growth. The plant feels especially good on flat areas and can reach heights up to 4 m. In more severe conditions and on dwarf rootstocks, the average height is 2.5 m.
Crown width
The crown has a wide oval shape with a large foliage density. Shoots are compactly located. Large in thickness, but medium in size. Hairiness and dark brown color are observed on them.
The leaf is ovoid, dark green in color with a smooth leaf blade.
Branches of the Pervouralskaya apple-tree with fruits.
Fruit
The fruits have the correct rounded shape. Sufficiently large and one-dimensional. The average weight is 150 g, but in amateur gardening, some apples reach 300 g.
The main color is greenish-yellowwith a beautiful cover color of varying intensity on the main part of the fruit in the form of a blurred orange-red blush. Light subcutaneous points are few in number and not very noticeable.
Yield
Every year from the beginning of fruiting the crop yield increases. Fruiting occurs regularly. The average yield is kept at the level of 200 c / ha.
The yield of the Pervouralskaya apple tree increases over the years.
Tasting assessment
The flesh of apples has a creamy color, good density and fine grain. The taste is intense, sweet and sour. The tasting score is 4.4 points.
Winter hardiness
This culture tolerates low temperatures well and is winter hardy... According to the observations of gardeners, she is not afraid of frosts under forty degrees. Not bad reviews for prolonged droughts.
The Pervouralskaya apple-tree is winter-hardy.
Disease resistance
The apple tree is resistant to disease. In addition, it has immunity to all known types of scab.
Tree lifespan
If you provide complete and proper care, then the apple tree can bear fruit for a very long time. The very peak of fruiting occurs at 7-10 years and can continue for another 50 years. Increasing yield and fruit size every year.
Pollinating varieties
In pollinators for Pervouralskaya, varieties of the same ripening period (winter) are suitable. Blooms in mid-May. Ripens at the end of September.
Experts consider the following varieties to be the best pollinators: Aksena, Rozochka, Fakel, Rodnikovaya, Olympic Fire.
Columnar varieties that can be planted in cold climates
Nectar
This columnar variety belongs to the medium-sized variety, it is distinguished by high early maturity. The tree has a developed root system, strong immunity to diseases. You can enjoy the first fruits at the end of summer, but you can store them for no more than a month.
Triumph
This variety is characterized by a high fruiting rate, as well as the Glory to the Winner apple tree. In addition, it is characterized by average winter hardiness. Growing the Triumph variety is necessary for those who want to get large and juicy fruits. You can store them for no longer than a month. The variety is distinguished by strong immunity to scab. But what reviews there are about the Northern Triumph apricot, this link will help you understand.
Currency
It is a winter variety that allows harvesting in October. The size of the fruits is medium, they have a golden yellow color with a characteristic blush. The variety differs in winter hardiness and scab resistance. You can store fruits until January. But what the columnar variety Currency looks like is described in detail in this article.
The president
This variety, like the Berkutovskoe apple tree, gains wide popularity throughout Russia. Differs in winter hardiness and unpretentious care. The apple pulp is covered with a yellow skin. You need to harvest in August. From one tree you can get 10 kg of fruit. Store the crop for no longer than 3 months. It is worth learning more about the description of the President plum variety.
Moscow necklace
The tree can grow up to 3 m. Fruits ripen in autumn, and they can be stored until winter frost.
When planting, you must choose an area with fertile soil. Do not plant near nearby underground waters.
Features of planting and care
Planting and care is not much different from standard recommendations.
Apple-tree Pervouralskoe winter not very demanding on the soil, however, fertile soils are recommended for a regular and good harvest.
Landing
Timing
You can plant seedlings both in spring and autumn. The main thing is to prepare the landing pit in advance.
Advice! Autumn planting begins just before the onset of cold weather, so that the seedling does not have time to start growing and does not die from the onset of frost.
Spring planting of crops begins immediately after the snow melts. Thus, the seedling adapts to the soil and will begin to grow when the heat comes.
Watch a video on how to plant an apple tree in spring:
And a video on how to plant an apple tree in autumn:
Technology
First of all, the planting material should be inspected for damage. If available places of damage are either removed or treated with a disinfectant.
Planting an apple tree.
Pits are dug according to the 3x3 meter scheme. The depth is chosen depending on the soil. With good fertile soil, a depth of 60 cm is enough. With denser, clayey soils, the depth can be slightly reduced, but the width can be increased to 1.2 m to allow the spread of roots in width.
With sandy soil, the landing pit is made as deep as possible and a clay layer is tamped to the bottom to avoid water leakage.
The root collar and the grafting site must not be buried in the ground. In the first years of life, it is advisable to tie the seedling to a peg.
Soil composition
For any soil, it is advisable to put a 10-centimeter layer of three-year-old humus or well-rotted compost at the bottom of the planting pit.
Young trees also need nitrogen.
Apple trees have a negative attitude towards acidic soils and nearby groundwater.
Growing
Like almost any plant, responds well to fertile soil... With a lack of nutrients and trace elements, fruiting decreases and the taste of apples decreases. therefore timely feeding has a beneficial effect on the tree.
In the autumn and especially in winter, it needs to protect the bark from rodents. To do this, coat the barrel with a special compound, whitewash or wrap it. For winding, it is advised to use spruce branches.
One of the ways to protect against rodents.
Agrotechnics
For the full value of the crop, it follows at a certain time feed the tree with fertilizers:
- In autumn, lay in the area of the trunk circle manure and mineral fertilizers. As the snow melts, they will penetrate the soil and provide nutrition to the root system.
- In the spring, before the first leaves appear, nitrogen fertilization.
Phosphate food added regularly according to the instructions on the package.
Abundant watering is carried out at least 3 times during the growing season. Moreover, each tree needs up to 40 liters of water, which will ensure that the soil does not dry out. Watering is carried out not under the trunk itself, but in the root groove.
Attention! At the beginning of August, watering is stopped to allow the tree to prepare for the winter period.
Pruning and shaping the crown
Such procedures begin when the seedling is planted. To do this, it is cut off by half a meter and formed into 4 lateral skeletal branches. In the future, avoiding shading or sagging, evenly interfering branches are removed. One-year-old shoots are thinned or shortened.
General principles of pruning.
Shaping and trimming provides strength and compactness of the crown.
Watch a video tutorial on how to properly trim an apple tree:
Pollinators
Almost any apple tree is self-fertile. Even if there are hybrids that are supposedly self-pollinated, the yield without pollinators will still be lower.
Cross-pollination is required. Almost all varieties that grow nearby are good pollinators.
Sunsedar
This is a summer variety, developed in the twentieth century in the Sverdlovsk region. The tree has a wide round crown. It begins to bloom in the last decade of May. The flowers look very pretty and have a pink tint. The variety is self-fertile, therefore, for full pollination, it needs neighbors who will pollinate it. The apples are slightly flattened, slightly ribbed. The pulp is white and juicy, with pinkish veins. The taste is sweet and sour with a hint of astringency. The fruits ripen fully in August.
Apples quickly crumble, and this can happen with not yet fully ripe fruits. The variety begins to bear fruit only 7 years after planting the seedling. This variety has its own characteristics, which include:
- ripening of fruits occurs in 3 stages;
- the variety is not self-pollinated;
- when the apple tree begins to age, its fruiting will be periodic, as a rule, in a year;
- the apple tree can be grown in the city garden.
Solntsedar has one significant drawback - it does not have good resistance to fungal diseases, it is also prone to scab. The tree lives up to 35 years, but active fruiting ends after 25 years. This variety is very common among gardeners, which is primarily due to its unpretentiousness. Saplings can be planted both in spring and autumn, but spring planting is preferred.
And here's what you need to do before planting a tree in the ground:
- keep the seedling in water for a day;
- before planting, dip the roots in a clay solution.
Features of ripening and fruiting
The beginning of fruiting
The first harvest is removed 4 or 5 years after planting annual seedling. Then fruiting is annual, with a gradual increase and enlargement of fruits.
Flowering period
Plant blooms in May beautiful white flowers.
Ripening terms and storage of the crop
Harvesting begins at the end of September. If apples are not removed on time, their quality deteriorates.
The fruits of Pervouralskaya must be removed on time.
It is better for September apples to lie down until the end of November, so the taste will only improve. This is because the starch and acids in the pulp are converted to sugar and the coarse fiber softens.
Their keeping quality is quite high. Consumption can continue until the month of May. And when storage conditions are created - until the next harvest.
Watch the video for tips on how to save apples:
Vitamin content
Besides nutritional characteristics, apples have medicinal properties... They include:
- Organic substances showing acidic properties;
- Vitamin groups C, P, B9;
- Sugar;
- Polysaccharides formed mainly from galacturonic acid residues;
- Elements K, F, Mn, P, I;
The iodine content is several times higher than that in bananas and oranges.
In general, the Ural selection has a tangible effect on the body when damaged by radiation, which is important in this region.
Agrotechnics
Watering
Young seedlings are watered in the spring once a week.
On hot days, water every 2 days.
Do not forget to shade the tree to prevent sunburn.
Mature apple trees - do not water as the central root shaft is deep underground.
Important! So that the root has a long central core, and it can withstand harsh winters, a varietal apple tree is grafted onto the stock of a wild Siberian variety. You cannot transplant an apple tree from one place to another.
You should not water the apple trees in late autumn, if frosts have begun on the street, they do not do pre-winter watering either.
If the apple trees are not watered, then their roots prepare for frost faster, and they better endure snowless winters.
Top dressing
In the spring in May, you can fertilize the ground with a working solution Baikal - EM1, or make an infusion of 10 parts of water, grass and 1 part of manure.
Advice! In cold climates, you should not feed the trees with nitrogen in late summer, since nitrogen causes the growth of leaves and the trees will not have time to prepare for winter and will die.
Top dressing will prevent the crystallization of wood cells.
In the fall, before the freezing of the earth, it is worth scattering ash along the outer contour of the trunk circle and pouring it with a solution of 300 g of phosphorus or 300 g of phosphorus and 300 g of potassium, and then digging up the soil shallowly so as not to damage the roots.
This top dressing will prevent the crystallization of wood cells, so the apple tree will be able to withstand frosts calmly.
Pruning and shaping the crown
For Siberia, it is best to form an apple tree with a bush, this increases the frost resistance of the apple tree.
Preparing for winter
In the fall, clean the old bark with a brush.
Young apple trees are whitewashed with chalk, and adults with lime.
Trunk circles are mulched with humus.
Young 1-2 year old seedlings for the winter need to be wrapped in a spanboid, including the crown and the peg.
You can cut squares from a spanboid, throw a square over the crown of a tree and overlap the opposite ends of a square piece with an apple tree.
And from rodents, a special metal mesh with small cells is wound on the apple tree.
Varietal subspecies and variants
Basically, the Pervouralskaya apple variety is sold and grown as standard tree, the height of which can be up to 5 m. But sometimes nurseries or amateur gardeners dwarf rootstocks or wild apple trees are used. With such rootstocks, the tree turns out to be more compact and grows no more than 2.5 meters.
The Pervouralskaya apple tree can be grown on a dwarf rootstock.
Ural Nalivnoe
This variety is autumn, obtained by crossing "Ranetki Red" and "Papirovka". The surface of the apple is very smooth and glossy. There is a slight greenish tint, the flesh is white.
Apples have excellent vitamin properties, in 100 grams of fruit there are approximately 8.8 mg of ascorbic acid. They have a sweet taste with a slight sourness.
The crown of the trees is quite dense, the height of the apple tree is average. Fruits can be formed almost anywhere, up to last year's growth. The leaves of the tree are elongated and light green in color.
Gardeners are attracted by the Uralskoye Nalivnoe variety by its high frost resistance and yield, more than 200 thousand kg can be harvested per hectare. The first apples can be seen already in the second year of the tree's life. The harvest is stored for no more than two months. Perhaps the only disadvantage that many Ural varieties of apple trees have is the small size of the fruits.
Features of growing in the regions
Considering the fact that Pervouralskoe was bred specifically for the Urals, where the climate is rather harsh, cultivating this apple tree in other regions will not be too problematic.
Thus, in the Moscow region, in the Urals or in Central Russia, the cultivation of this species is similar.
The only difference can be considered only a more careful attitude in winter in the Northern Urals. due to very severe frosts requiring mulching of the roots of the plant.
Important! Experienced gardeners consider the Pervouralskaya apple tree to be the best among all Ural varieties.
Uralets
This apple variety belongs to the autumn. Experts from the experimental station from Sverdlovsk specially crossed several varieties so that the tree could tolerate the climate of the northern strip of Russia well. The ancestors of the Uraltsa are such varieties as "Chinese Wax", "Ukrainka Saratovskaya" and "Anise pink-striped".
The size of the apples is very small, the weight barely reaches 55 grams. In shape, the fruit resembles a rounded cone and slightly truncated at the edges. The fruits are characterized by a dry skin, but smooth. Mostly cream-colored apples with streaky blush. The pulp of the fruit is very juicy and also has a creamy hue.
The palatability of the fruit is excellent, the apples of the "Uralets" variety are sweet with a slight sourness. Per 100 grams of mass there is about 22 mg of ascorbic acid, but on condition that the fruits are fully ripe.
The tree is pyramidal, tall. But when everything is strewn with fruits, it seems that the crown has a rounded shape, the branches sag strongly, but at the same time do not break.
Testimonials
Irina and Pavel. "Grafted" Pervouralskoye "in the wild. Began to bear fruit in the fifth year, although the tree is quite small, just over 1.7 m. In the first year, it gave only one apple. We hope that there will always be many such beautiful and tasty dishes. "
Galina Dmitrievna. "Wonderful apple tree. Storage is long and, most importantly, the taste is great.It endures the winter perfectly without any shelter. "
Gregory. "I live in the middle lane and I think that the variety is the best for our region! We not only eat apples, but also make delicious juice, compotes, bake them in the oven. "
Svetlana. "When choosing an apple tree, they relied on the reviews of gardeners. Only positive things about Pervouralskoye. We will definitely purchase it next year. "
Main settings
The description of the variety indicates that its trees reach medium height, and the main rise in height occurs in the first few years. Then it slows down. The main advantages of the "Pervouralskiye" apple trees are their excellent taste and invariably high fertility. The exact height is determined by the situation the plant is in. Apple trees growing on plains can stretch up to 4 m.
But if the conditions for the development of a culture are less favorable, or it grows on a dwarf rootstock, the average height is 250 cm.
As for the appearance, then:
- the crown is a wide oval with thick leaves;
- shoots are arranged compactly;
- the branches are thick, but not too long;
- the leaves are close to the egg in format, differ in smooth plates.
The fruits are distinguished by the correct circle, the size is large, and the variation in size and weight is small. On average, the weight of the fetus is 0.15 kg, but judging by the reviews, some of the amateurs manage to achieve twice the best result. The color is transitional - from green to yellow, its saturation varies in intensity. People will definitely be pleased with the delicious blush of apples. There are light spots under the skin, but there are few of them, and it is almost impossible to notice.
The "Pervouralskaya" apple tree increases its fertility as it develops. The average indicator, subject to the standards of agricultural technology, is 200 centners per hectare. The soft part is cream colored, has a decent density and is full of fine grains. Winter weather, if the temperature does not drop below 40 degrees, is not dangerous. Peak production of fruits begins at 7-10 years of life of the tree, after which it will yield a harvest for about half a century.
The disadvantages of this variety are extremely difficult to find. You can only take into account the fact that fertility in an apple tree does not appear immediately, you need to wait a few years.
History of origin
Winter apple tree Pervouralskaya - this variety is the result of the selection work of the horticultural experimental station of the Sverdlovsk region, headed by the outstanding Ural breeder L.A. Kotov. The Persianka variety was taken as a basis, which, like all winter varieties, is distinguished by a late ripening period and a long storage period. The breeder managed to obtain a new variety with the inherited positive qualities of the Persianka and additional immune resistance to any kind of scab. The Pervouralskaya apple tree is included in the State Register and approved for use since 2004 throughout the Volga-Vyatka region of the Russian Federation.
