The best varieties of plums for the Moscow region: description with photos, planting and growing

Plum trees have a place of honor in the garden. This delicious delicacy is also a very useful product that improves stomach function and normalizes blood pressure. But if there is enough space on the site for only one tree, then you need to choose a self-fertile variety. Self-fertile varieties of plums give large yields even if pollinating trees do not grow nearby. They are capable of self-pollination and this is their main advantage. But there are not many such varieties. This article presents only the best varieties of self-fertile plums of different types.

The nuances of growing plums in the Moscow region in the open field

The fruit tree is classified as sufficiently susceptible to winter cold and spring frost. Therefore, not every plum variety can survive in the open ground in the Moscow region.

Climatic features of the region

Several climatic factors can be identified that affect the development of fruit trees in the Moscow region.

Annual temperature regime. Winters in the Moscow Region are moderately cold, with occasional significant frosts, summers are warm and with moderate precipitation.
The amount of natural light. The sun shines in the Moscow region for about 1,500 days - that is, half of the days a year.
Height of snow cover and depth of soil freezing. Usually, snow in the Moscow region in winter forms a cover 20 - 25 cm thick. The earth does not freeze deeper than 1.5 m down.

How many years does a plum bear fruit in the Moscow region

A plum tree in the Moscow region cannot produce crops for too long. Usually 10-15 years after the first harvest, fruiting stops - in this case, it is worth planting a new tree. At the same time, the old plum does not have to be cut down and uprooted - it can perform decorative functions.

When the plum blooms in the suburbs

Plum blossom dates always fall at the end of April - May. Some varieties of fruit trees bloom a little earlier, others a little later.

Advice! For the Moscow region, it is better to choose plums with flowering in mid-May or later - this ensures that the forming ovaries will not suffer from the last frost.

What varieties of plums are better to plant in the suburbs

The climate of the Moscow region is considered moderate, but the so-called return frosts pose a great danger to trees.

Plum for the Moscow region must be frost-resistant, first of all.
It is better to choose undersized or medium-sized trees - they definitely have enough light for healthy development.
If the garden is small, then it is recommended to give preference to self-fertile varieties.
It is necessary to determine whether an increased yield is required from the plum, or a sufficiently modest fruiting.

Dwarf self-pollinated species

Self-fertile plum varieties for the Moscow region are classified into groups. Depending on the timing of the harvest, the following types are distinguished:

early maturing;
mid-season;
late.

Early ripe

This group includes varieties of fully or partially self-pollinated plum varieties for the Moscow region.

Volga Beauty. Bordeaux-colored fruit weighing about 35 g. Orange-colored pulp, juicy and sweet. Forms the first ovaries in the fourth year.
Crooman. The fruit is dark blue, very juicy, sweet in taste with a slight sourness, weight - 30 g. Partial self-fertility. The first crop is harvested in the third year after planting the tree.
Tern.Unpretentious to care for, fruiting shrub, which is not only appreciated for its fertility, but also adorns any garden. The height of the thorns varies from 4 to 7.5 m, depending on the age. Does not freeze even in severe frosts - at -40 ° C. In the third year after planting, it forms the first ovaries. Harvesting takes place at the end of summer. The Tern plum variety for the Moscow Region gives delicious and sweet fruits of a deep blue color.
Red Skorospelka. Plum pink color, small (15 g). Under the skin there is a yellow, not very juicy, sweet pulp with a slight sour aftertaste. The trees are hardy, partially pollinated.
Blue Gift. The first ovaries appear in the fifth year of planting. Fruits are dark purple, sweet and sour, inside a salad color. Weighs about 15 g. Partial self-pollination.
Yakhontovaya. Yellow plum with partial self-pollination. Weight about 30 g. Juicy and sweet variety with a sour aftertaste.

Plum Yakhontovaya gives sweet and juicy fruits

Mid-season

Low-growing mid-ripening plums ripen by the end of August or the beginning of September.

Vitebsk late. The first ovaries are formed on the third after planting. Plum blue color, yellow inside, weight about 35 g. Possesses sweet and sour taste.
Interesting. The fruits are small, weighing about 20 g, appear in the third year. Lemon-colored fruit, pale green inside, juicy, sweet with a slight sourness. They are planted next to pollinators.
Kantemirovka - the first fruits appear after 5 years. Fruits are small (weight 16 g), orange color with sweet and sour lemon-colored pulp. Self-infertile hybrid.
Memory of Timiryazev. A yellow columnar plum that gives a tasty harvest of juicy, sweet and sour fruits. Forms the first ovaries in the fourth year after disembarkation.
Renklode Kolkhoz. The first ovaries appear after 5 years. The fruit is purple in color, egg-shaped with a thick skin, yellow inside. The harvest of this culture is prized for its excellent aroma and taste.

Read more: Tulip Plombir ice cream Ice Cream description and distribution of the variety

Late ripening

This group is made up of only three varieties of plum for the Moscow region - Vengerka Moskovskaya, Aleksiy and Bolkhovchanka. The harvest of these hybrids ripens by mid-September. The largest variety is Bolkhovchanka, but this plant requires pollinators. Hungarian Moskovskaya and Alexy are self-fertile undersized varieties.

Bolkhovchanka. A three-meter plant, the crown has a spherical shape. Plum oval, yellow-green color with smooth, delicate cream-colored flesh. The taste is sweet and sour. Weight - 40-45 g.
Alexy. A prolific two-meter hybrid - already in the third year of growth bears the first fruits. It has a weak immunity against sores and does not tolerate wintering well. The plum of the Aleksiy variety for the Moscow region has an elongated shape, reminiscent of a pear, purple, weight - 20 g. Inside contains pulp of moderate density, salad color, average juiciness, sweet-sour taste.
Hungarian Moscow. The plant is about 3.5 m high. The plum is small (weight - 15-18 g), oval, purple or burgundy, dense inside, amber, sweet and sour.

Bolkhovchanka plum grows up to three meters in height

Plum planting in the suburbs

The plum planting algorithm in the Moscow region depends on the specific variety. But there are rules that apply to any plant species.

When is it better to plant a plum in the suburbs

Spring is the best time to plant a plum tree. Even if the seedling is frost-resistant, its roots are still too sensitive to the cold and may suffer in the first winter when planted in autumn. It is optimal to plant in early April, when the frosts have already been left behind, and the active growing season has not yet begun.

Choosing a landing site

It is recommended to plant a tree on the south side.It is better to choose sandy loam soil, with a sufficiently deep groundwater bed.

Choosing a plum sapling for the Moscow region

The main rule when choosing a seedling is that it has strong and healthy roots. Care must be taken to ensure that they are not dry, broken or too thin.

Planting plums in the spring in the suburbs: preparing a pit

The plum tree is very sensitive to soil quality. Therefore, even a few months before planting a seedling, in the fall before the onset of cold weather, it is customary to prepare a planting pit.

The soil in which the plum will be planted is dug up, the soil is taken out about 50 - 70 cm deep. Fertilizers are laid inside - compost, rotted manure, superphosphate and ash.

How to plant a plum in the spring in the suburbs

Spring planting of plums in the suburbs is like this.

A pre-prepared hole should be about twice as large as the roots of a young plant - both in width and depth.
The seedling must be carefully lowered into a hole half filled with soil and fertilizers, and covered with soil, properly tamped.
Immediately after planting, 3 buckets of water are introduced under the trunk, and then the tree is tied to a support for even growth.

Attention! It is necessary to control that the root collar of the tree remains slightly protruding above the soil surface.

"Yellow ball"

This variety produces small yellow plums with amazing flavors somewhat similar to pineapple and peach. This variety can also be found under the name "Golden Ball".

Plum "Yellow ball" differs from others in its special appearance. During the ripening period, the spreading branches of the tree are strewn with small yellow round fruits. From afar, they can even resemble sea buckthorn fruits. This is explained by the fact that the "Golden Ball" is a kind of Chinese plum.

It is characterized by very early and abundant flowering. Each bud grows 3-4 flowers. From other plums "Yellow Ball" is distinguished by its tallness.

The tree reaches five meters in height. But the main thing is the frost resistance of this variety. The tree can withstand up to -50 ⁰С! It begins fruiting in the third year. It perfectly tolerates transportation and has good keeping quality.

Plum "Yellow Ball" is resistant to common diseases of stone fruit crops. Along with many positive aspects, this variety does not tolerate drought and is prone to rooting of the root collar. "Golden ball" is a very productive variety of plums.

Important! Each fruit can weigh up to 60 g, so gardeners should be especially careful when caring for the plum. With its fertility, this may be fraught with strong sagging of the branches. Sometimes you even have to put up supports.

Plum care in the Moscow region in spring, summer and autumn

Competent care of a plum tree in the Moscow region includes the following points:

Watering - carried out about once a month with normal rainfall, becomes more frequent during the ripening period. The earth must not be waterlogged.
Top dressing - in the spring, it is recommended to apply nitrogen fertilizers to the soil. In the summer, you can add a little potassium under the trunk, and in the fall, scatter organic matter under the tree.
Shortly before the arrival of winter, you need to carry out the last watering of the year, cover the ground with mulch to retain moisture and heat, and then cover the trunk with spruce branches or roofing felt - from frost and rodents. After snowfalls, the snow around the trunk can be compacted.

Pruning plums in the suburbs

For full development, the plum must be pruned regularly.

After leaf fall for the Moscow region, it is recommended to carry out sanitary pruning - as well as for the middle lane.
Plum shoots older than 2 years are pruned 2/3 of their length annually.
You can cut plums in the Moscow region in the spring to form a crown. Remove unnecessary branches, leaving only the strongest and most promising shoots.

Unusual recipe

Thorn cheese

1 kg of thorns (plum can be used in summer), 100 g of sugar, coriander seeds.

Wash the sloe berries, remove the seeds and sprinkle with a little sugar. As soon as the juice stands out, put on low heat and cook until the consistency of a thick jam.

Then rub the mass through a colander or sieve, add coriander, stir and put in a bag made of dense fabric. Put under oppression for three days.

Grease the finished cheese with vegetable oil and roll in coriander (pre-crush the seeds, or grind them in a coffee grinder).

Sloe cheese is perfectly stored in a cool place for 2-3 years.

The word "thorn" in translation from Old Slavic means "thorn"

The thorn growing in nature has been known to gardeners for a long time. Wild thorns adapt perfectly to the most unfavorable conditions. The plant grows well on any soil, is frost-resistant and tolerates drought well.

Its fruits are popular, which are used for different purposes: they are dried, canned, marinade is prepared with them, compotes are made and jelly is boiled. It is impossible not to appreciate the beneficial properties that the plant has on humans. Getting rid of diarrhea, lowering fever, diuretic effect - all this can be cured with thorns. But when fresh, not everyone likes them, as they have a tart and sour taste. However, its high fertility has always attracted breeders to itself, and as a result of crossing blackthorn and plum, varieties such as garden blackthorn or thorny plum appeared on our plots.

Plum varieties for central Russia

By and large, the climate of the middle zone differs little from that of the Moscow region. However, winters can be slightly colder here and summers can be drier. Therefore, certain varieties of plum trees are recommended for planting in the middle lane.

Yellow plum varieties for central Russia

The following yellow plum varieties take root safely in the middle lane:

White Honey - ripens early, in early August, yields large yellow-golden berries with a sweet taste. Pollinated by Donetsk Early and Donetsk Hungarian.
Altai Jubilee - grows well throughout the middle lane and even in Siberia. Ripens early, brings yellow drupes with a reddish blush, well pollinated by Chemalskaya plum.

The best varieties of large-fruited plums for the middle lane

The heaviest drupes give the following hybrids:

The giant is quite sensitive to cold weather, but with good care, a variety with burgundy drupes that takes root in the middle lane. The weight of each plum can be up to 70 - 110 g. Any plum varieties that bloom in May are suitable for pollination.
General's - plum ripens in mid-September and gives bright orange drupes. The average weight is 40 g, the plums are quite large and weighty. The Ural red can become a pollinator.

New varieties of plum for the middle lane

Fresh varieties of plum trees appear regularly, and it is always interesting to plant unfamiliar crops in the middle lane.

Natasha is a plant with ripening dates in the second decade of August and yellow drupes. Pollinated by Edinburgh plum, has a good level of winter hardiness and is ideal for the middle lane.
Shy - ripens late, yields brown-purple drupes with a sweet taste. Pollinated with plums for the middle strip with flowering in early May.

Self-pollinated plum varieties for central Russia

For small gardens in the middle lane, the following self-fertile varieties are well suited:

Hungarian Pulkovskaya - blooms in mid-May and ripens in September, gives dark red drupes. It is zoned for the Leningrad region, therefore it is well suited for the climate of the middle zone.
Volgograd - blooms in early May, ripens in mid-August. Drupes are dark raspberry, sweet and sour taste.

Sweet plum varieties for the middle band

The following plums for growing in the middle lane have the most pleasant dessert taste:

Bluebird - The tasting score of oval blue drupes is 4.6 points. Can be pollinated by Caucasian Hungarian.
Volga beauty - purple-blue drupes have a tasting score of 4.5 points. The best pollinator for plums will be red Skorospelka.

Low-growing plum varieties for the middle lane

In the middle lane, it is preferable to plant low-growing trees that are not very demanding on the amount of light.

The blue gift is a classic dark plum up to 3 m tall; in the third decade of August it brings small blue drupes. Pollinated independently.
Candy - a tree with red dark fruits grows only up to 2.5 m. Fruiting at the end of July, reacts well to the neighborhood of the collective farm Renklode, which serves as a pollinator.

Early varieties of plum for the middle band

To get juicy fruits as early as possible, you can plant the following early varieties of plums for central Russia:

Morning - produces moderately sized green-yellow drupes in the first decade of August. It is not necessary to select pollinators for the plant - the variety bears fruit on its own.
Delicate - ripens in the first decade of August, gives light yellow drupes with a reddish bloom. Partially self-fertile plant, but yields best in the middle lane if it grows near the Edinburgh plum.
Nadezhda is a self-fertile plum for the middle lane with harvests in early August. Plum drupes are common, dark blue, sweet with a slight sourness.

Late plum varieties for the middle lane

To get delicious plums in early autumn, you can plant the following varieties in the middle lane:

Bogatyrskaya - ripens in the second decade - end of August with almost black drupes with a bluish coating. It is self-pollinated, which simplifies cultivation.
Empress - ripens in mid-September, has a dark blue fruit. The best yields are in the vicinity of Stanley and Valor varieties.

High-yielding plum varieties for the middle lane

If you want to get the largest possible amount of fruits from a plum, you should give preference to the following varieties for the middle lane:

Amusing - a variety with round yellow-green drupes, pollinated by Moscow Hungarian and Timiryazev's Memory. The yield level is high - up to 3 buckets from one tree.
Valor is a dark burgundy plum that yields up to 30 kg of tasty drupes per plant. Produces as abundantly as possible next to the Empress and Blue Free varieties.

Tall varieties

This group includes large-sized varieties that reach a height of 5 m.Therefore, planting them will require a lot of space on the site.

Smolinka

The winter-hardy hybrid begins to form ovaries early. The Smolinka plum ripens at the end of August. In good conditions, it produces up to 30 kg of fruit from one specimen.

The fruit has an elongated shape, dark blue, covered with a thick skin. The taste is sweet, the density is average. Weight - 35-40 g. The seam on the surface is practically invisible.

Plum variety Smolinka for the Moscow region is suitable due to the following characteristics:

early fruiting, which occurs 2 years after planting;
every year the tree freezes from early spring frosts, but has a good ability to quickly recover;
a good variety for grafting;
the tree is large, therefore it requires a lot of space in the garden.

Zarechnaya early

This variety of plum for the Moscow region is valued for its large size - it weighs about 50 g. The fruit is oval, the skin is purple in color, the stone is well separated.

Benefits of culture:

does not freeze in winter;
in the 2nd year of life, the first ovaries begin to form;
fertility;
amazing aroma and taste.

This culture has one drawback - the ability to form many stepchildren, which negatively affects the amount of harvest. But this problem can be easily solved if the increments of the current year are removed in time.

Fast boat

Tall plum for the Moscow region, which is valued for good fertility and large-fruited. Weight about 50 g. It is sweet with a slight sour aftertaste.

A five-meter tree with a spreading crown, densely leafy, contains several skeletal branches.

Early ripe plums are expected to be harvested by the end of summer. An example is the Volga beauty. She is not a self-fertile species. As for early maturity, this is about 4-5 years after planting. The fruit is red and purple, at the same time with orange pulp. The structure is fibrous. Taste quality at a high level. The bone is semi-detachable. The fruit weighs approximately 34 g.

Popular varieties:

1. Crooman. The tree will yield crops already 3-4 years after planting. Possesses partial self-fertility. This means that the plant will yield a crop, but a pollinator will be needed to increase its volume. The skin of the fruit is dark blue, inside the plum is yellow. Weighs approximately 35 g.
2. Early ripening red. The tree will yield around the third year after planting. It is characterized by partial self-fertility. The fruits weigh 15 g. The peel is reddish-pink, and the inside of the plum is yellow. The fruit is not very juicy. Taste quality is average.
3. Blue gift. The tree gives a crop only 5 years after planting. Possesses partial self-fertility. The fruit weighs 15 g. Plums are of the same size, oval-round, very juicy, with fibrous pulp. Outside, blue-violet, and yellowish-green inside.

Yakhontovaya plum belongs to the early ones. Fruiting begins only in the 3rd or 4th year after planting. The tree is partially self-fertile. Plums weigh an average of 30 g. The peel and pulp have a yellowish tint. The plum is very soft, tender and juicy.

Growing and caring for plums in the middle lane

In order for the plum in the middle lane to grow healthy and bear abundant fruits, it is important first of all to protect it from frost and drying out.

Several times a year, the plum must be watered - in the spring during the flowering period, in the summer during ripening, in the fall before the onset of cold weather. During periods of drought in the middle lane, watering is increased.
For the winter, even frost-resistant trees in the middle lane need to be surrounded by spruce branches around the trunk, mulch the soil around the trunk in advance, and if there is snow cover, trample it down well, forming a protective layer against rodents and frost.

Advice! one should not forget about the sanitary pruning of the plant - its regular implementation will save the plum in the middle lane from diseases.

"Yellow hopta"

This is a vigorous variety of plum with a height of 2.5 meters or more, but at the same time, the stem is not so large relative to the whole plant. The bark on the trunk of the tree is mostly gray in color and smooth to the touch.

In an adult plant, the crown is mostly sparse, but it is also found of medium density. The apex is round and slightly flattened. The crown consists mainly of spreading branches. The branches of the “Yellow Hopty” are straight, but sometimes they are also slightly curved with a thick cross-section.

Shoots are light brown with a glossy sheen. Vegetative buds on them are small, fruit buds are medium. The leaves of this yellow plum are of medium size - up to 11 cm long and up to 6 cm wide.They widen the most closer to the top. The leaves are green in color with a slight glossy shine, are egg-shaped. Subtle wrinkles may appear on the surface.

Plum "Yellow hopta" blooms in white cups with egg-shaped petals 9 × 7 cm. There is a slight waviness on the edges. Usually up to three flowers can appear from one bud.

Fruits are medium in size and grow within 20 g. They have a rounded, slightly flattened shape with a clearly visible seam on the abdomen. The skin is thin, and the flesh under it is juicy and friable, yellow-green in color. The fruit stone is large and can be easily separated.

Plum "Yellow hopta" is a self-fertile fruit culture.

Therefore, it is necessary to plant nearby trees of other varieties of plum, the flowering of which occurs in the same period as that of "Hopta".

Reproduction of this variety occurs through grafting. At the moment, the best of the suitable rootstocks are varieties of Canadian and Ussuri selection.

The plum "Yellow hopta" begins to actively bear fruit in the fourth year from the moment of planting a one-year sapling. Observing all the necessary agrotechnical conditions, gardeners will harvest good yields of this plum.

According to average estimates, from one tree you can get up to 12 kg of fruits, and from one hectare - up to 6 tons. Fruits, ripening by the end of August, have a wonderful taste with a predominance of sweet and tantalizing sour notes.

"A fly in the ointment" in the general flavor bouquet is the skin, which gives a slight bitterness.

Important! To prevent the preservation from having an unpleasant bitterness, you should consider how to get rid of the specific taste of the peel - of course, only if you deliberately
notplanning to add spice.
We also note the commendable winter-hardy qualities of this plant, for the most part it concerns plum wood. Fruit buds are not designed for such extreme temperatures.

Therefore, this fact should be taken into account when breeding the Yellow Hopty in your region. The delicate skin and loose flesh of the fruit do not facilitate long-distance transport.

Did you know? From the fruits of plums during the harvest season, up to 3 million tons of various products are produced in the world.

"Ochakovskaya yellow"

This is an old Russian variety with yellow-green fruits weighing up to 30 g. They are oblong and rounded with a small neck. The tree grows medium in size with elliptical foliage. "Ochakovskaya yellow" is a self-fruitless plum.

Flowering begins later than other plums, and sometimes it does not yield at all due to the lack of pollinating trees.

Crohn of young trees of narrow pyramidal shape. Root offspring bear fruit in the eighth year, and the grafted ones - in the fourth.

If the trees are well cared for, up to 80 kg of plums can be harvested from one ten-year-old plant. The fruits are ripe by the end of August and fall off easily. Their pulp is very juicy, tender and aromatic. Can be consumed both fresh and processed.

Pollinators

Only self-fertile plums require pollinating trees. Such hybrids are selected according to the flowering period. It is important that this period coincides with the flowering of the self-fertile variety. In addition, you can attract bees to the garden. For this, the inflorescences are sprayed with water diluted with honey.