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In autumn, cherry plum is planted in warm places, this will allow it to take root better. If you live in a temperate area, you can plant this tree at the end of this season if you have time.
But you need to buy the tree itself and observe the halt of agricultural technology. Let's find out how to plant cherry plum correctly in the fall.
We grow cherry plum in the middle lane and the Moscow region
Tkemali, cherry plum, migrated to the European continent from the Caucasus and Asia. The tree is unpretentious and capable of interbreeding with plum, peach, sweet cherry, cherry and apricot... These properties have allowed breeders to develop varieties that have taken root well in mid-latitudes.
In the 19th century, Tkemali was crossed with a Chinese frost-resistant plum. The hybrid was named "Russian plum". It was this plant that served as the basis for breeding many varieties that can grow in the middle lane. Some varieties can withstand frosts of thirty degrees.
Why you need to grow cherry plum in the country, the dignity of a tree
Gardeners have been successfully growing trees for a long time even in more northern latitudes, for example, in the Kirov region. There are varieties that can be planted in the Far East... Therefore, the statement that greed is a southern plant is no longer entirely true.
Russian plum has a number of advantages:
- grows on almost all soils... But it does not tolerate overly acidic and alkaline earths. This shortcoming can be corrected. The increased acidity of the soil is neutralized by adding lime or dolomite flour (about 300 grams per square meter). Gypsum is added to alkaline soils in the same proportion;
- takes root quickly and begins to bear fruit in a year;
- high yield... Some varieties can yield up to 30-35 kg per tree;
- because I come from the south, tolerates heat well;
- individual varieties ripen at the end of July, early August;
- divorces in different ways: can be grafted, grafted and planted branches;
- beautiful early honey plant;
- contains vitamins useful for human health, minerals, acids. Recommended for many diseases;
- widely used in cooking... Cherry plum is used to make sauce, jam, compotes, marshmallow, marmalade, sherbet. The result is a delicious and aromatic wine and liqueurs.
All these advantages have made the Russian plum, as the cherry plum is called, a popular plant among gardeners.
Brief information about the culture
The fruit crop is demanding on light, drought tolerant and prefers soils with neutral acidity. An adult cherry plum can reach 14 meters, but this is only in the southern regions, in the north and in the middle lane, the height of the tree will be 4-5 meters. In some cases, the tree is more like a shrub. The average life of a fruit crop is 50 years.
Cherry plum can be either single-barreled or multi-barreled. The trunk reaches half a meter in diameter. The tree branches well and its crown is dense, spherical-spreading in shape. The root system is located more on the surface, although on soils with a loose structure it can go up to 11 meters deep. But on denser roots they do not fall below 2 meters. They often go beyond the crown of the tree, spreading within a radius of 10 meters. Basal growth is rare.
Cherry plum for the Moscow region, the best varieties
The leaves of the tree are dark green, and in the fall they just turn yellow. The flowers are either white or have a pinkish tint, their size does not exceed half a centimeter. Cherry plum blooms even before the foliage appears or at the same time, around the beginning of May. In rare cases, flowering is observed in the fall.
This is interesting: cherry plum is a thermophilic crop and grows everywhere in the wild in the southern regions. To the north, as well as in the middle zone, this culture is found only in gardens, in its natural environment it does not survive due to frost.
Cherry plum trees bear fruit for 3 years after planting. The fruits ripen very quickly. In wild specimens, the fruits are small, weighing 4-6 g, and in cultivated ones they reach about 50 g. They ripen in late summer or early autumn.
Popular varieties
Thanks to the efforts of breeders, varieties have been developed that take root well in frosty winters. At the same time, the quality characteristics of the fetus have been significantly improved. The drupes have become larger. The yield has increased. The shape and color of fruits of different varieties of trees pleases with its diversity, from amber yellow to burgundy and purple... You can choose varieties with different qualities. Sweeter, sour-sweet, juicy, or those that are suitable for drying.
It is necessary to plant several trees at a distance of up to 3 meters from each other. Better than different varieties. Cherry plum is self-fertile, that is, it must be pollinated by other trees.
Most of all, they took root in middle latitudes:
- varieties Shater, Kuban comet, Found... These are the varieties that have enough large fruits (up to 40 grams) burgundy with yellow pulp. All three varieties tolerate winter well. Differ in yield. Ripen in August.
- varieties Gift of St. Petersburg, Zlato Scythians, Maara... These are undersized and medium-sized frost-resistant varieties with yellow berries. The fruits are not very large... It is appreciated for its resistance to diseases and good winter hardiness.
- Variety Traveler... An early Russian plum with bard fruits. Okay pollinates other varieties of cherry plum.
- Llama... A very beautiful tree with burgundy purple fruits and reddish leaves. Fruits up to 40 grams.
Cherry plum large-fruited Kuban comet
Large-fruited cherry plum Found
Cherry plum large-fruited Tent
Cherry Lama
Cherry plum frost-resistant Gift of St. Petersburg
Cherry plum undersized Gold of the Scythians
Cherry plum undersized Maara
Early variety of cherry plum Traveler
Description
Cherry plum is a fruit tree, considered the predecessor of the home plum. It can be single-barreled or have several barrels at once. A fairly tall tree, reaching 3-13 meters in height. It has a well-developed root system that is not deep. Therefore, it is preferable to plant and grow it where the groundwater is at the level of one and a half to two meters. Planting and caring for cherry plum in the middle lane is simple, because it is deservedly popular among amateur gardeners.
Cherry plum begins to bear fruit early, a year after planting the first fruits appear on the young tree. And after three to four years, the tree begins to give a bountiful harvest, up to 40 kg from one cherry plum. Fruits are juicy, sour, sweet and sour or tart honey taste of various colors. The stone is usually difficult to separate.
Cherry plum is planted in the spring, if it is done in the fall, it can freeze and die.
Cherry plum, being a southern crop, is highly frost-resistant, therefore it is grown both in the middle lane and in the northern regions. The advantages of this culture are:
- yield: within 2-3 years after planting, 15 kg of fruits can be removed from the tree;
- early ripening;
- drought resistance, good high temperature tolerance;
- high frost resistance, capable of growing in regions where the temperature drops below 30 degrees;
- grows on any soil composition;
- disease and pest resistance;
- appearance, decorativeness, especially during the flowering period.
Among the disadvantages are:
- most of the cherry plum varieties are self-fruitless, which means there is a need to plant additional varieties as pollinators;
- a short period of rest, by the end of winter the cherry plum loses its frost resistance;
- early flowering period, due to which there is a threat of death of the future crop due to spring frosts.
A special distinguishing feature of cherry plum is its ability to interbreed with different cultures, for example, apricot, sweet cherry, peach, plum and even cherry. This property enables breeders to develop all new varieties of cherry plum.
When is the best time to plant a tree - in spring or autumn?
If you decide to plant cherry plum in your dacha or your personal plot, then it is better to do it in the spring, but purchase the plant in the fall. At this time, a larger assortment of planting material. When planting in autumn, there is a risk that the tree will not have time to take root before frost.
Planting dates: in the spring in mid-April, in the fall in the first half of September.
A seedling bought in the fall can be dug in. To do this, make a hole up to half a meter. Lay the tree at an angle to the south. It is dug in to the middle of the trunk and sprinkled with earth on top.
How to plant cherry plum
In most cases, soils in mid-latitudes with high acidity, so lime must be added. It is necessary to plant several seedlings at once so that they pollinate each other.
Although frost-resistant varieties have been bred, cherry plum is a thermophilic tree by nature. Therefore, they are planted on the south side, in places protected from the wind. The plant loves an abundance of light.
The root system of the Russian plum is shallow, located in the upper part of the soil cover. The tree does not like excessively moist soils. Reacts even to spring flooding. Therefore, it is not recommended to plant in places where groundwater is close.
Disembarkation procedure:
- digging a hole in the depth and along the perimeter up to 70 centimeters;
- distance between planting holes from 2.5 to 3 meters;
- the soil is loosened well, add humus, lime, mineral fertilizers (double superphosphate-500 grams);
- at the bottom of the pit make a mound;
- plant a seedling, slightly shaking roots;
- fix next to the support, to which a tree is tied;
- well watered, up to 4 buckets of water;
- tops cut off;
- from above soil is mulched, you can peat.
A favorable time of the year for planting cherry plums is spring (mid-April)
More winter-hardy seedlings obtained from cuttings. Seedlings in containers can be planted without holes, lightly dig in and sprinkle the earth on top.
Experienced gardening tips
Gardeners with experience in growing cherry plum give the following recommendations to beginners:
- The culture does not tolerate acidic or alkaline soil. The soil should be fertilized with organic matter.
- The tree should not be watered excessively - cherry plum is sensitive to excess moisture in the soil.
- You cannot cut the culture too much - this will lead to freezing and burnout.
- It is necessary to choose the right seedlings. Only zoned varieties should be purchased and only in nurseries.
- You cannot plant a tree in deep holes with loose soil. After such a planting, the cherry plum will grow strongly and sag under its own weight. In addition, precipitation will stagnate, which will lead to decay of the root system.
So, subject to all the rules and recommendations, even in the middle zone of Russia, namely in the Moscow region, it is possible to cultivate such a southern culture as cherry plum. The main thing is to correctly choose a variety suitable for such a region.
Spring care
In the first year after planting, trees do not need to be fed, as they will have enough fertilizers applied during planting.
Trees older than two years old are fed in the spring... Before the tree begins to bloom, add ammonium nitrate (up to 90 grams per square meter), at the beginning of summer potassium (up to 50 grams), superphosphate (up to 180 grams).
In early spring, water bends are made so that the roots do not heat up.At the same time, pruning is carried out. Remove dried branches. Thin the crown, leaving branches that are located at a distance of up to 20 cm from each other... The tops of the branches are pinched.
The old bark is removed and the trunk is treated with a solution of copper sulfate (3%). In April, they are sprayed for pests.
If the spring is dry, then in the spring the plant is watered 2-3 times.
Preparing the tree for winter
- Do one more organic fertilizing and mineral fertilizers.
- Before the foliage falls watered deep under the root (up to 40cm)... For these purposes, a deepening is made.
- Remove dead bark, whitewash the trunk, carry out another spraying from pests.
- Root processes are removed, the leaves are harvested and burned.
For the winter, the trunk of the cherry plum is whitened and the crown is sprayed from pests
If a hollow or wounds appear on the trunk, then they are covered up. One of the recipes: 150 grams of copper sulfate, 2.5 tablespoons of lime and ash per 5 liters of clay diluted with water.
