How to grow nectarine correctly, variety selection, planting and care, breeding methods

Peach crop beds

Interesting nectarine tree. Some believe that it is a hybrid of a peach and a plum, others that it is the result of a mutation. The nectarine tastes more like a peach. Many people are interested in whether it is possible to grow nectarine on their own from a bone just at home? Let's find out.

• 1 Which variety to choose
• 2 Selection and preparation of planting material
• 3 Planting methods
• 4 Necessary conditions for growing
• 5 Further care
• 6 Difficulties and advice of the gardener
• 7 Video "How to grow nectarine at home"

Pros and cons of peach seed propagation

As you know, there is nothing ideal, and the seed method, with all its advantages, has disadvantages, which include the fact that varietal qualities are likely to be lost. This is due to the fact that the seed ovary is formed as a result of cross-pollination and subsequently the fruits may not have the qualities of the mother tree. To find out exactly the "sex" of a plant, you need to wait for its fruiting, and it comes in the fourth year of life.

Subject to planting rules and proper care, the peach will give an excellent harvest.

The advantage of seed propagation is that specimens that have grown from seeds are much more resistant to adverse environmental influences, low temperatures and diseases.

Content

• Description
• Planting nectarine When to plant
• Planting in spring
• How to plant in spring

Preparatory stage

First of all, it is important to choose the right planting material. Try to buy peaches that have been grown as close to where you live as possible. It is unlikely that seedlings from sprouted seeds of Turkish or Spanish varieties will take root in our latitudes. You should not even take on this business, since the probability of a positive outcome is extremely low.

If you get a strong seedling from such a bone, then in the open field it will most likely die with the onset of the winter cold. In addition, another problem is characteristic of imported planting material: such trees rarely bear fruit. You will get a wasteland, uselessly taking up space on the site or performing decorative functions at home.

When choosing planting material, pay attention to the fruit: it must be ripe, large and whole, without traces of rot and other similar damage.

When choosing planting material, keep in mind that the peach must be ripe and intact.

Note! Since not all seeds will sprout, prepare a few just in case, according to the principle "the more the better." Ideally, at least 4 seeds, because sprouts can also die over time.

It is very important to choose a peach variety that is most suitable for growing in our latitudes, sustainable and productive. This will give you some guarantees that the work will not be in vain. Best suited for planting:

Gallery of peach varieties suitable for our latitudes

Difficulties and tips of the gardener

How to plant nectarine and not face a lot of problems? Unfortunately, this crop is not the easiest to grow. Sometimes the seedling simply refuses to take root. There are several simple rules that will help you solve the problem or find out the main causes of it:

• violation of the landing dates;
• unsuitable variety;
• weakened root system;
• at first, the nectarine should be in a dark place with moist soil.

If you adhere to the basic rules, then the grown tree will delight the whole family with delicious and sweet fruits.

Growing at home

There are two easy ways to grow a seed peach at home. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Stratification

1. Take the seeds of the ripe fruit. Thoroughly clean them from the remnants of the pulp. Store in a cool, dark place for stratification throughout the winter.
2. You need to stratify the bones in a small container, filling it with wet sand or sawdust. The container must be open.
3. Stratified bones will begin to burst, and a sprout will hatch from them. It needs to be planted in a pot of fertile potting soil. You can cook it yourself by taking peat and humus in equal parts.
4. After a while, the root system will form. After that, the formation of the tree itself will begin.
5. Watch the soil. As soon as the earthen clod begins to dry out, water it moderately, avoiding an excess of moisture. At this stage, place the plant in a place with good sun light so that growth does not slow down. In addition, the first time the temperature should be maintained at a level of +18 to +20 C °.

Growing in a pot

You can apply another method other than stratification and taking less time.

Note! The germination rate of peach seeds is quite low, so several seeds should be planted at the same time, and when sprouts appear, choose the healthiest and strongest ones.

Care rules

1. When the seedlings are germinated, provide them with proper care. A young plant needs a lot of sunlight. If the room where the seedlings are grown is not sufficiently lit, create an artificial light.
2. Moisten the soil and loosen it regularly.
3. During the rest period, keep the tree in a cool room, at a temperature of +2 to +4 C °. The flowering period begins in the spring. At this time, transfer the pot of peach to a warm room with a temperature of +10 to +15 C °. After a while, the required temperature will be from +18 to +25 C °.
4. The peach does not need abundant watering during the dormant period and during the ripening of the fruit. Sometimes it is enough to moisten the soil.
5. Transplanting to another pot should be done before flowering, in early spring or early September. To do this, prepare a soil mixture of leafy soil, turf, peat, humus and sand in proportions of 2: 1: 1: 1: 1.
6. Apply fertilizing with mineral and organic fertilizers twice a month from the beginning of March to the end of August.
7. The tree needs annual pruning and pinching of vigorous shoots.

The peach grown from the seed develops quickly and after a couple of months can reach a height of 50 cm. After the appearance of the side branches, begin to form the top. The fact is that it is on the lateral branches that the harvest of fruits appears and they will not develop if the growth of the tree goes up.

Reproduction of nectarine

How to propagate nectarine

Nectarine is propagated in two ways: by seeds and by grafting. A more reliable method is the budding of a nectarine scion on a peach or almond stock. When growing nectarine on heavy moist soils with a close occurrence of groundwater, it is better to use home plum or cherry plum seedlings as a stock. As for the seed propagation of nectarine, this is a simple process, but the fruits of trees grown from the stone are not of high quality.

Seed propagation of nectarine

Try to get seed from those trees that successfully grow in your area: during fruiting, make a raid on neighboring plots and ask the owners of the nectarines you like for seeds. Soak them for three days in water, changing the water twice a day, then dry them in the shade, carefully remove the seeds from them and plant them in a sunny area away from trees and buildings: make a trench in the garden bed, fill it with fertile soil, bury the seeds in it on 5-6 cm, keeping a distance of 20-25 cm between them, close up the trench and water abundantly.

When the water is absorbed, cover the garden with grass, leaves, or sawdust.

You can plant seeds in spring, summer and autumn - during winter planting, the seeds will naturally stratify in the cold season, and in the spring, when you remove the shelter from the garden, they will quickly and amicably grow.

During the period of active growth of seedlings, maintain the soil in a loose and slightly damp state, feed the seedlings with a solution of humus and treat pests and diseases with Tiovit or Ridomil solutions.

Nectarine grafting

Inoculate cuttings of nectarine on rootstocks from peach or almond by budding method. The advantage of this quick and easy method is that any well-formed bud can produce a new plant with all the characteristics of a mother variety. However, for the successful implementation of the vaccination, certain conditions must be met:

• the thickness of the stock should not be thinner than a pencil, but the bark at the grafting site should be thin, smooth and elastic;
• grafting nectarine at a time of active sap flow, when the bark is easily separated from the wood;
• scion buds should be well developed;
• budding is carried out only with a sharpened and sterile instrument.

Cuttings for scion are harvested in the morning, when the shoots are saturated with moisture. The length of the cutting should be at least 30 cm, and the leaves on it should be well developed. Leaves with stipules are removed from the stalk, leaving only a 1 cm long stalk, after which the stalk is dipped into the water with a lower cut.

On the bottom of the rootstock, remove all lateral growths, wipe the stem from the root collar 20 cm upward with a clean damp cloth to remove dirt and dust. After that, make a T-shaped cut in the bark on the cleaned section of the stock, trying not to damage the wood: the cross cut should be 1.5 cm long, and then a perpendicular cut 2.5-3 cm long should go down from its middle. of the incisions, carefully turn the corners of the bark to the width of the transverse incision.

Taking the stalk with the top towards you with your left hand, make a 12-13 mm long transverse incision on its bark below the kidney you are going to transplant. Make the same transverse incision at the same distance above this kidney and from it begin to smoothly cut the bark with the kidney to the lower incision. A cut scutellum about 2.5 cm long should be flexible and the kidney intact.

Taking the shield with your index and thumb by the remainder of the petiole, insert it under the unfolded bark of the T-shaped cut of the rootstock. If the flap is longer than necessary, trim off the excess along the border of the rootstock cross-section. Firmly press the bark along the longitudinal cut with your thumbs against the shield inserted under the bark, tie the inoculation site with plastic tape loop by loop from top to bottom.

If after two weeks the remainder of the petiole separates from a light touch and falls off, the vaccination was successful.

Growing in the country

The best time for planting peaches in the ground is the last decade of October and the first half of November. First you need to prepare the bones: either soak in water or scarification. To do this, file the casing slightly with a file or slightly chop it with a hammer. It is not necessary to completely extract the seed.

If weather conditions are favorable, seeds can be sown in open ground. Planting depth is 7–8 cm. Choose an open and sunny place - this is an important condition for a peach. Fill the holes with soil, mulch and mark with pegs.

There are 2 classic peach planting schemes.

The peach should not be pruned in the first year of life; it should grow freely in order to create a full-fledged central shoot. Water the tree regularly and feed it with compound fertilizers.

In the second year of life, you need to start forming the crown of the peach. In April, when sap flow begins, shorten the axial shoot to form a trunk. In summer, the most advanced shoots can be thinned out.

In peaches planted in a "meadow garden", the stem is not formed. Do spring pruning, leaving two shoots 10 cm above the soil. One of them will grow for fruiting, the second will play the role of a reserve. By the end of autumn, cut off the fruiting shoot so that the second one begins to fully bear fruit. It also needs to be cut off, leaving two shoots: the main and the spare. This pruning scheme should be used in subsequent years. It is called the Fruit Link Principle.

Pruning nectarine

When to trim nectarine

Growing nectarine requires the formation of its crown. Since fruiting in nectarine, like in peach, occurs on annual growths, the main task of its annual pruning, in addition to maintaining the hygiene of the tree, is to ensure a strong growth of annual shoots while avoiding a shift in fruiting to the edge of the crown. That is why the nectarine branches have to be thinned and shortened every year.

The nectarine planted in the fall is cut for the first time only next spring, before the sap flow begins. At the same time, sanitary and formative pruning of young nectarines is carried out. In autumn, if necessary, they carry out sanitary pruning of trees.

How to trim nectarine

The crown of nectarine is formed in the form of a bowl (or vase) - this shape gives it strength, and it will be easier for you to care for the tree and harvest from it. Crown formation is carried out in spring during the first four to five years. Formation begins with the laying of skeletal branches.

In the first year, select 2-3 skeletal branches with a wide angle of origin, shorten them to 10 cm at the outer buds, and remove the remaining branches. Each subsequent year, add another 2-3 skeletal branches located at the desired angle. On last year's skeletal branches, form branches of the first order, on the year before last - the second, and so on.

While the crown is being formed, the conductor should be 20-25 cm higher than the uppermost skeletal branches, but when the crown of nectarine is formed, the conductor is cut at their level. The recommended height of the trunk is 50-60 cm. The shoots that form in the zone of the trunk are broken out until they are lignified. Some gardeners prefer the stemless form, in which the skeletal branches can move away from the trunk almost at the very ground - this form allows you to restrain the growth of the tree for a long time, as well as harvest and take care of nectarine without a ladder. The rational height of nectarine is 2.5-3 m.

Pruning nectarine in spring

In April, on the pink bud, in addition to the formative trimming of nectarine, they carry out a sanitary one, removing broken, dry, diseased and frostbitten branches. At the same time, the nectarine is cut for fruiting: on the skeletal branch, two correct, developed shoots growing side by side are chosen. The one that grows closer to the end of the branch is cut off by 8-10 buds and left to bear fruit, and the one that grows closer to the trunk is cut off almost completely, leaving only 2 buds on it - a shoot will grow from this replacement knot, which will bear fruit in next year.

What does “correct escape” mean? This is a shoot on which there are both growth (giving leaves) and fruit buds.The next year, a new fruit link is formed from the replacement knot. This nectarine pruning is carried out annually in the spring, which allows you to get stable and full yields.

When the nectarine blooms and sheds excess ovaries, adjust the crop load: the nectarine branch should have one fruit for every 10-15 cm of length, the rest of the ovaries should be plucked out.

Summer nectarine pruning

Fruitful nectarine is not pruned in summer. Instead, breaking out unnecessary shoots or pinching them is carried out in order to stimulate the formation of branching and the formation of fruit twigs.

Pruning nectarine in the fall

After the end of leaf fall, if necessary, carry out a sanitary pruning of nectarine - remove weak, broken, dry and diseased shoots.

How to deal with diseases and pests

Use insecticides and fungicides to prevent peach diseases and pests.

1. Insecticides act on pests directly or penetrate into various parts of plants, where they destroy insects.
2. Fungicides provide protection against or containment of disease. They need to be used for preventive purposes or at the initial stage of the disease.

To use poisons to fight disease, you need to have certain knowledge and skills. Otherwise, you risk harming your own health, killing beneficial insects and the plant itself, as well as poisoning the soil around.

Gardeners are very inquisitive people. Not more than a hundred years ago, in central Russia, there were a few orchards with apples and cherries of national selection. Most of the modern varieties appeared within one generation.

The technology of growing cherries and apricots has already been mastered, winter-hardy varieties of these trees have been bred. The gardeners did not rest on this. Growing a peach from a stone at home, getting fruits in the conditions of central Russia is the dream of many gardeners. How to do it correctly and what you can count on, this is our story.

Reproduction using seeds

Rules for choosing a suitable planting material

Landing

Seedling care at home

Transfer to the ground

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Conclusion

Growing nectarine

It is necessary to germinate nectarine trees taking into account several peculiarities. In order for the seedlings to take root well and actively bear fruit, it is required to comply with the terms of planting in open ground, choose a suitable place for growth, process the planting material and soil, plant correctly and provide nectarine care.

When to plant

The favorable landing period depends on the climatic conditions in a particular region. In the southern regions and the middle zone of the country, it is recommended to plant trees in unprotected soil in early autumn. In areas with a long winter period and in the Urals, it is better to sow seeds in the spring, after the snow has melted and the risk of return frosts has disappeared.

In the Moscow region and adjacent regions, both autumn and spring planting are allowed, since seedlings will be able to germinate under different environmental conditions.

Site selection and preparation

Nectarine loves loamy and sandy loam soil. On heavy clay soil, trees will not take root and will not bear fruit. For planting in the country, you need to choose a site with deep groundwater, located on the southern side of the country. The precursors of nectarine should not be nightshade crops, strawberries and clovers, as planting after these plants can lead to verticillosis.

Trees should be well lit during a sunny day. Tall buildings and other plantings from which a shadow falls should not be located near the plantings. Also, you should not plant nectarine next to a peach, as the risk of contracting fungal infections will increase.

Preparing planting material

For planting in a summer cottage, you should purchase annual seedlings of a variety adapted to the climatic conditions of the growing region. It is necessary to carefully examine the planting material and make sure there are no signs of damage. The roots of young seedlings should not be dry and soft. On the inside, the color of the bark should be greenish, and at the site of inoculation, it is important that there be no sagging.

If trees are planted with a bone, then before sowing it is necessary to disinfect the seed. For this, a low-concentration solution of potassium permanganate is prepared, and the seeds are soaked in it for 15-20 minutes. Then the seed is kept in water for germination and warmed up for a day.

Landing technology

It is necessary to prepare the planting pit 2-3 weeks before disembarkation. The depth of the hole is determined depending on the height of the seedling. The excavated soil layer is set aside and mixed with superphosphate and rotted compost. Then half of the resulting earthen mixture is poured in the center of the hole, forming a small slide.

A seedling is placed on a hill in a hole and the roots are carefully spread, and then the rest of the earth is poured. The grafting site of the seedling should rise 3-4 cm above the ground level. The earth is tamped from the edges of the hole to the center and watered abundantly. When the water is completely absorbed, the seedling is fixed to a peg and hilling is performed using dry soil.

Reproduction using seeds

Recently, the hobby for the cultivation of southern exotic trees at home has been gaining momentum. The beginning was laid by Pavlovsk lemons, which successfully bore fruit on the northern windowsills.

Over time, tangerines, grapefruits, oranges joined lemons. Then came the turn of coffee, feijoa, papaya and pineapple. Peaches grow much closer to the middle lane than these exotics, which feel good in the house. Why not try to breed a peach at home.

Important! Of course, there are no special varieties of indoor peaches.

Although it is a short plant, it is still a tree. Therefore, it will not be possible to grow it in a pot. However, growing peaches through seedlings grown from seeds planted in pots is a very promising activity.

Further care

First of all, caring for nectarine planted at home involves the formation of a compact crown. Therefore, pruning is done regularly. The fruiting of the culture will depend on the correct growth of the crown and the removal of excess shoots.

It is very dangerous to oversaturate the tree with mineral fertilizers. At the moment of a slight excess of the dose, the nectarine will noticeably increase in a size that is unacceptable for indoor cultivation. If the complementary food has a large dose, then there is a chance of plant death.

Rules for choosing a suitable planting material

For successful reproduction of a plant, you need to know which seeds to choose. Store-bought fruits are not suitable for this event:

• fruits were brought from very warm countries (Turkey, China, Italy) and trees from them will not be able to acclimatize in Russia;
• the fruits are harvested at the stage of technical ripeness for long-term transportation, the nucleoli in them are not ripe;
• fruits are treated with chemicals to extend the storage time, because of them the seeds become brittle and often crack.

You can grow a peach from any fruit. But in the garden, the seedling will die because of the local climate unsuitable for it.

Important! For propagation of a peach with a bone, they buy fruits grown in Russia. And the closer the peaches grow to the future planting site, the better.

Growing a fruiting peach from a stone at home is a laborious, but very interesting process. These trees are best adapted to local conditions.

If it is possible to get peach seeds of winter-hardy early varieties, then success is guaranteed.Such varieties, growing in the southern regions of Russia without shelter, and in the Moscow region with shelter, include:

1. Kiev early - a low tree of 3 meters in height. A distinctive feature of the variety is quick recovery after frost damage. Fruits weighing 80–90 g ripen in early August and have greenish-white flesh.
2. Early Pushkin - the tree grows up to 6 m in height. Fruits weighing 100-120 g ripen at the end of August and have a greenish-creamy flesh.
3. Redhaven is an old American cultivar that reaches a height of 5 m. At the end of August, large fruits, weighing 140–160 g, ripen with an orange-yellow core and pink streaks in the center.

The seeds of these varieties are best suited for cultivation in the central regions of Russia. Propagation by seeds does not repeat the varietal characteristics of the parent plant, but the seedlings are the most adapted to local climatic conditions.

Nectarine varieties

Early varieties of nectarine

Among the varieties of early ripening nectarine, the most famous are:

• Fleming Fury - a very early variety of American selection with large fruits, almost completely covered with a red blush. The pulp of this variety is tender, yellow;
• Big Top - a high-yielding and unpretentious early American variety with rounded fruits weighing up to 200 g of rich cherry-purple color with yellow firm and juicy pulp, which turns red closer to the stone. The taste of the fruit is sweet with a slight sourness and honey flavor. The bone is poorly separated from the pulp;
• Ruby 4 - a high-yielding early-growing variety of Ukrainian selection with large oval fruits weighing up to 200 g with shiny skin and yellow with a reddish tinge, delicately fibrous juicy pulp of sweet taste with barely perceptible acidity. The bone is poorly separated from the pulp. The variety tolerates transportation well;
• Rebus 028 - a fruitful, fast-growing, winter-hardy and disease-resistant variety of Italian selection with rounded, slightly elongated large fruits weighing up to 200 g, yellow with a bright red blush, covering almost the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is yellow, dense, juicy, aromatic and sweet in taste;
• Caldesi - a high-yielding Italian variety with spherical large greenish-yellow fruits with a bright red marble blush covering almost the entire surface. The pulp is white, dense, juicy, semi-detached stone.

Medium nectarines

Mid-season nectarines are represented by the following varieties:

• Stark Red Gold - a high-yielding variety of American selection with carmine-red fruits of regular shape, large size, reaching a mass of 240 g or more. The pulp is bright yellow, dense, slightly fibrous, around the stone it acquires a red tint. The bone is easily separated from the pulp;
• Wang-3 - resistant to diseases, fruitful, early-growing and winter-hardy variety of American selection with round, bright red fruits with yellowish fragments weighing up to 220 g. The pulp is yellow, cartilaginous, of high taste;
• Alitop - a high-yielding variety of Italian selection with rounded-oblong large fruits weighing up to 250 g with a bright red blush that occupies almost the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is yellow with red veins, dense, juicy and aromatic, of excellent taste;
• Harko - disease-resistant, winter-hardy high-yielding variety of Canadian selection with greenish-yellow medium-sized fruits of a round shape, almost completely covered with a red-violet blush. The pulp is yellow, juicy, fleshy, sweet with barely noticeable sourness. The bone easily leaves the pulp;
• Ishunsky - a variety of Ukrainian selection with small (weighing up to 150 g) yellow fruits with carmine blush. The pulp is yellow with red veins, fibrous, tender and juicy. The bone is easily separated from the pulp.

Landing

How to grow a peach from a stone at home is not an easy question.The seed germinates reluctantly, only 25% of the planted seeds will give seedlings. To still get seedlings, you must follow certain rules:

• completely clean the seed from the pulp of the fruit;
• soak for 10 days before planting. In the last two days, it is advisable to add a growth stimulant to the water.

The nucleolus will germinate only after overwintering, so the pot with plantings should be dug in the garden. The best time to plant is late October or early November. If this is not possible, you can put the pot in a cold cellar or in the refrigerator. In this case, it is necessary to check the moisture content of the earth.

Important! The peach is undemanding to the soil; any prepared soil is suitable.

Naturally, it should be loose. The seed is planted to a depth of 6–8 cm.

After 3-4 months, sprouts appear from the seeds. It is important that the air temperature does not change dramatically. You cannot take out the seedlings from the refrigerator and place them on a sunny window. Tender sprouts will quickly die from such abrupt changes. The seedlings are kept in a cold place, gradually accustoming them to heat.

Such difficulties do not arise if the seedlings grow in the garden. Their hardening takes place in a natural way.

You can grow a seedling from a seed in a room. Before planting, the seeds should lie in the refrigerator for 6-8 days. Cover the pot with glass or a plastic bag. When condensation appears, it is ventilated.

Germination begins with the development and growth of the root. Therefore, peach seed shoots will have to wait for several months. After emergence, the polyethylene shelter can be removed.

The disadvantage of this method of obtaining germinated seeds can be called the fact that the grown plants will be less adapted to an unsuitable climate due to the lack of hardening.

Experienced gardeners use another method of growing seedlings:

• the bones are soaked for two weeks;
• open them, revealing the shell;
• the nucleoli are soaked again for two days;
• swollen nucleoli are sown to a depth of 3-4 cm.

With this method, faster and more friendly shoots are achieved from the planted nucleoli.

How to sprout a peach seed, what method to use, lovers of garden exotics decide based on their capabilities and conditions.

Is it possible to grow nectarine from a seed?

A nectarine tree, quite large and voluminous. Plant height varies from 5 to 7 meters. The most pleasant difference between nectarine and other fruit trees is the speed of the first fruiting, which occurs within a few years after planting the tree.

Considering that this plant is an exotic representative of fruit trees, it loves special care and constant warmth. You can buy nectarine almost all year round. The shelves of modern stores are literally bursting with the abundance of ripe and juicy fruits.

Although the fruit can be bought, some gardeners would like to grow it on their own on their own. True, many, starting to implement this idea, immediately abandon it, in view of the negative recommendations from the gorging "gardeners". The reason for this is the supposed instability of nectarine, to the unusual climate for it, in which most of our country is located.

In this case, it should be said that breeders and simple experimental gardeners, thanks to their own perseverance and perseverance, have achieved positive results in growing nectarine in the latitudes of Russia. Plant breeding takes place in several ways, but we will look at a more complex and extremely interesting method that allows you to achieve good results, starting the cultivation of a plant practically from scratch. This method is called "stone fruit".

Seedling care at home

Over the summer, a young peach tree from a stone on a windowsill can grow more than a meter in height. The main thing is to create good conditions for development for him:

• sufficient illumination;
• timely watering;
• abundant feeding;
• correct temperature;
• efficient pruning.

Important! Peach is a plant with a pronounced dormant period. In the winter months, he does not need lighting and feeding.

It is only required to monitor the moderate moisture content of the soil in the pot and keep the sleeping tree in a cool room at a temperature of + 2–4 ° C. Only when the buds are swelling should the plant be given intensive care.

The southern plant needs good lighting. If seedlings appeared in the house before April, they will need additional lighting. LED lamps consume little electricity and emit a spectrum of light suitable for plants.

At a young age, the tree is very moisture-loving. Watering is carried out as the soil dries up with warm water.

For fertilization, a complex mineral fertilizer with trace elements such as Agricola is used, since the plant is demanding on the presence of trace elements such as copper. Seedling needs fertilizing only from the second year of life.

Foliar top dressing is preferable. For this, an effective solution is prepared, which contains all the main elements of feeding and trace elements. Take and mix:

• 5 g of soda ash;
• 1 g of boric acid;
• 2 g of copper sulfate;
• a drop of iodine;
• crystal of potassium permanganate;
• litere of water.

Spraying is repeated twice a month. Top dressing is done 2 times a month until September. In September, the tree begins to prepare for the winter season.

Important! The temperature of the content of young seedlings in spring should be + 10-15 ° C, after flowering and before harvesting + 18-25 ° C.

Starting from the second year of life, young seedlings begin to form by pruning. Caring for them is impossible without creating the correct goblet crown and adjusting the height of the tree. Flowering takes place on lateral branches, so vigorous shoots are cut off annually.

Is it possible to grow a peach tree at home? Only if there is a greenhouse, winter garden or insulated loggia. It is impossible to create suitable conditions in the room. Therefore, at the age of one, they are planted in the garden.

Necessary conditions for growing

The room in which the nectarine grows must be ventilated daily. If there is a shortage of natural light, then it is worth using artificial lighting. In winter, the temperature regime is maintained at 1–4 ° C. In the spring, in order for the growing tree to have abundant flowering, it is transferred to a room with a temperature of at least 14 ° C. At the time of the formation of the first ovaries, the plant must be in a warm place with a temperature reading of 20-25 ° C.

For the full growth of the plant and obtaining a fruiting crop, it is imperative to feed the tree. The first fertilizers are applied in March, the second at the end of July.

Transfer to the ground

In the first year, a young seedling grows up to 1–1.5 m in height. In September, the seedlings of the grown trees are planted in the garden.

How to plant a peach so that it grows actively in the garden? The place should be well lit by the sun, protected from strong winds. The distance between the peach trees is 3-4 meters. The same amount should be before the trees and buildings growing nearby.

The landing hole is dug in advance with a diameter of 1 m and the same depth. A bucket of humus or manure, several buckets of water are brought under the planting. Saplings are planted on a mound of fertile land, covered and tamped. After planting, watered again.

A young tree is tied to a peg driven in next to it, the trunk circle is mulched with organic matter.

Important! Not all varieties are self-pollinated plants, so at least 3-4 plants should be planted nearby.

In the first years of life, a peach grown from a seedling from a stone must be especially carefully prepared for winter: cover the near-trunk circle with a thick layer of mulch, tie the trunk with construction insulation, wrap it with burlap.

The tree can be sick with fungal diseases and other infections:

• scab;
• curly leaves;
• fruit rot;
• clotteropsoriasis;
• moniliosis.

In addition, it can suffer from garden pests: aphids, scale insects, spider mites and moths.

To prevent all these troubles, you need to know how to do the right prevention for a peach. In spring and autumn, they regularly form a tree, carrying out sanitary and anti-aging pruning. Do prophylactic treatment with fungicides.

Peach is a fast growing plant. Perhaps already 2-3 years after planting in the garden, he can bear the first fruits.

Nectarine tree - description

An adult plant grows in height from 4 to 7 m, crown diameter - from 3 to 4 m. Nectarine leaves are serrate at the edge, pink flowers open on the tree before the leaves appear, and blooming nectarine is very difficult to distinguish from a blooming peach. The shape and size of the nectarine fruit is also similar to a peach, but its skin is not fleecy, but smooth and slippery. The color of ripe fruits can be greenish-yellow, light yellow, yellow with red, red with yellow, red or cherry. The pulp of the nectarine is harder than the pulp of a peach.

The fruits of nectarine ripen from 3 to 5 months, and they need warmth to ripen, so they grow the culture only in areas with long, warm summers. As for the winter hardiness of the culture, an adult tree is able to survive frost down to -32 ºC, but flower buds die already at -2 ºC.

• How to grow large blueberries (video)

Nectarine is related not only to peach, but also to such fruit trees as almonds, plums, quince, apple, pear, apricot, irga, cherry plum, hawthorn, mountain ash, chokeberry, cotoneaster, wild rose and medlar. Planting and caring for nectarine is very similar to growing a peach, but there are still differences. We invite you to familiarize yourself with our selection of materials on how to grow nectarine in your garden, how to properly care for nectarine, how and how to treat nectarine against diseases and pests, how to plant nectarine on a one-year stock, how to feed nectarine so that it grows healthy and gives good harvests.

Peach growing and care

When you see their fruit-bearing trees, the impression is overwhelming: they seem to be covered with plums, but huge, the size of a peach, and depending on the variety of all colors of the rainbow, but the taste. If there can be anything sweeter than a peach, it is nectarine. And, by the way, he got his name from the word "nectar"!

Basic rules of care

Landing

... Above, we have already given a table that describes the frost resistance of plantings. However, winter hardiness directly depends on the area in which the young growth was raised. It is advisable to purchase seedlings in specialized nurseries, as close as possible to your future garden. Even varieties with low frost resistance, grown in a nursery in your area, should calmly endure the winter in your yard :)Peach planting datesIn the middle lane, planting peach seedlings in autumn is considered optimal. The temperate climate also favors the planting of young stock in the spring. However, trees overwintered in the ground show a higher survival rate.

Attention! A team of experienced gardeners is in a hurry to help everyone who wants to grow their own peach in Ukraine and Russia. We will plant, fertilize, cut ... In a word - we will do everything to ensure that you get the highest quality "offspring" of peaches on your own plot! :)

In the middle lane

Fertilizers and pruning

After flowering: I dissolve in 10 liters of water 50-70 g of soda ash, 20 g of copper sulfate, 10 g of boric acid, 1 g of manganese, 10 drops of iodine.

But the fruits are large - from 100-160 g and more. Ripens in early September.

Growing peaches in the Middle Lane is not easy. Whatever you say, a tree with a finicky character. But what if you ask him to grow in the form of a bush? A common mistake

When growing peaches, high-quality care of each tree is required.Peach is a vigorous culture, the growth of its shoots can reach 55–75 cm per season and more. Regular feeding of the plant ensures not only fast growth, but also a good, high-quality harvest. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in limited quantities - about 8-12 g / m2. It is important to remember that feeding with nitrogen compounds is carried out in the spring, in order to activate the growing season, in the fall, such treatment can destroy the tree, since it will not go into hibernation in time and may die from frost later.

Conditions for fruiting

In Nikitsky Garden, a thorough scientific work continues with him, new varieties have been bred: Evpatoria, Ishunsky, Krymchanin, Poseidon, Rubinovy-8, Souvenir Nikitsky and two especially promising varieties - early ripening Nikitsky-85 and early middle ripening Rubinovy-4.

Nectarine has gained particular popularity in the last two decades of the 20th century. - the beginning of the XXI century, when its large-fruited (150-200 g) yellow-meat varieties appeared, attracting attention with their appearance and universal use.Place for planting peachDepend on the climatic zone. The closer to the south, the more efficient the autumn work is. The northern zones are not suitable for planting young stock before the onset of cold weather. Planting a peach in the fall is likely to bury the plant. The best time to plant a peach in a harsh climate is spring, so let the young have time to "take root" before the harsh winter. The middle lane allows both spring and autumn planting of a plant for "permanent residence" :)

Peach planting distance

As mentioned above, planting a peach is only successful if you have chosen the right variety. So let's figure out the types of trees and determine what exactly we will plant on the site.

Possible difficulties

Planting a peach in autumn and spring

During the ovary and ripening of fruits: to the previous solution I add an infusion of herbs (tansy, thousand-leaf, celandine, chamomile, nettle).

Video "Secrets of growing a peach"

In total, I have grown more than 100 seedlings of the variety

Planting a seedling

For planting, you should choose seedlings at the age of one or two years. Older fruit plants do not take root well. To plant the purchased nectarine seedlings according to all the rules and in accordance with the established technology, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• a fertile planting mixture must be poured into the planting pit, then the seedling should be installed on a low soil mound, carefully distributing the root system over it;
• the root collar of the planted plant must be located about 3-5 cm above the edges of the planting pit;
• shaking the seedling, fill the entire planting hole with soil mixture and lightly tamp the soil in the trunk circle;
• it is recommended to form a low earthen roller along the edges of the pit for the convenience of carrying out irrigation measures.

Regardless of weather conditions and soil moisture indicators, after planting, the plants are watered at the rate of a couple of buckets of water for each seedling.

Gardeners reviews

Milim, Saint Petersburg

I first arrange a "steam room" (heat and humidity) for my seeds, usually without light, and after they ascend, I put them on the window into the light, but without a "steam room".

Chereshenka, Donetsk region

It is impossible to allow both drying and waterlogging of the soil, in the open field it is difficult to follow this, the optimum moisture content of 70% must be maintained.

The benefits of nectarine for the human body

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Photo of nectarine "Lola"

The benefits and harms of nectarine have been studied by scientists for more than a year. Nectarine has a lot of useful properties. It has both prophylactic and curative effects on the human body.

• Restores the balance of fluid in the cells and tissues of the body, which allows you to maintain health and youth.
• It removes all excess fluid and sodium, so the fruit is prescribed for the prevention of atherosclerosis and hypertension.
• Improves the digestive tract, normalizes the acidity of the stomach.
• Reduces blood cholesterol levels.

Important!

As with other foods, red and white nectarine is beneficial when consumed in moderation but regularly.

• Stabilizes the nervous system. Helps reduce irritation, anxiety.
• Protects the body from the appearance of tumors and cancer cells.
• Nectarine juice is used to treat blood diseases.

Photo of nectarine "Fantasy"

Nectarines are used in pharmacology for the manufacture of oils used in various ointments. True, only certain varieties of bitter nectarine are suitable for these purposes.

This product has also found application in cosmetology. Nourishing, health-improving masks are made from the pulp of nectarine. And nectarine trees are often used in the woodworking industry. They have a peculiar texture and are easy to process.

Nectarine pests

Nectarine and peach also have pests in common, which also need to be dealt with using the same methods. Most often, these crops are affected by the eastern and plum moths, aphids, scale insects, striped, miner and fruit moths, flower-eating weevils and ticks.

Pests are fought with the help of insecticidal agents, for example, you can use drugs such as: Chlorofos, Zolon, Karbofos, Aktara, Mospilan, Aktellik, Inta-vir, Bankol, Metaphos and Durban.

Collect the bones

Nectarine seedling grown from seed. Photo: i0.
You can grow a nectarine tree both from a seedling and from a seed of ripe fruits. However, only fully formed fruit seeds will be able to germinate. Fruits plucked by unripe will not produce high-quality planting material.

Seed selection:

1. Collect ripe fruits. The seeds are collected from ripe fruits without rot, mold and damage. It is best to take several materials at once.
2. Separate the seed from the pulp... Rinse the bone well under running water. The pulp should not remain even in the cracks in the bone.
3. Dry... The planting material is spread onto fabrics and dried at room temperature.
4. Germinate. Before planting, the bone is kept in water with a growth stimulator Zircon or Epin for 2 to 13 days.

The author of the plot gives recommendations for planting nectarine. He also explains how to plant a nectarine seed to grow a fruit-bearing tree:

How to grow a naked peach in your country house

Hungry peach - nectarine

Similar articles Before proceeding to the creation of an orchard, take a high responsibility to Do not forget about the sun, the garden will bear fruit well only in the most illuminated areas.

Growing secrets

Next, you can consider the distinguishing features of the fruits of popular varieties, from left to right varieties of the peach tree: Blake, Cardinal, Dixired, Feyerhaven, John Hale, Starking Delicious, Vesuvio.

Winter hardiness

Planting a peach in spring

I water the planted seedlings, and even fruiting bushes during the summer 5-6 times so that the water soaks the soil by 40-50 cm.In July, I feed it with complex fertilization, and in the fall, under each fruiting bush I put half a bucket of rotted ku -rune or a bucket of cow dung.

But, unfortunately, it is more susceptible to gum flow, it is strongly affected by curliness and the yield is lower than that of the variety

In cases where the foliage of a tree is affected by brown rot or other diseases of a similar nature, they need to be dealt with with fungicides. The most dangerous pests that cause great damage to the tree are sawflies and larvae of weevils. They can be destroyed by double spraying with special preparations, immediately after the appearance of the first ovaries.And also effective is the introduction of paradichlorobenzene into the soil, in a ring around the trunk 3-7 cm wide.

Planting pits are filled with compost or humus, phosphorus, nitrogen and micronutrient fertilizers. They are mixed with a fertile topsoil and poured into a slide at the bottom of the pit. After that, the seedling is watered abundantly and the soil is mulched with a layer of 8-10 cm of peat or sawdust. The root collar can be buried 4-6 cm or left at the soil level. Planting is carried out only in early spring. When planted in autumn, peaches do not have time to take root and die during winter frosts.

They are frozen whole, harvested in the form of a paste and slices in sugar syrup. in all its variety ... Peach fruits are usually covered with fluff, but there is still a rare variety of them with an absolutely smooth skin, like plums, that is why they are called holoplodny. This is the fruit of nectarine.

Selection of varieties of peach trees

As mentioned above,

Correct planting and cultivation of peaches will lead to excellent results: high yields, aesthetic appearance of the garden. Regardless of the variety chosen, it is important to carefully inspect all plantings and check each plant for the presence of diseases and pests. If you notice a disease in time, it will be easier to fight it without lowering the yield. Insects are also able to spoil not only the fruits, but the tree itself. An important point in cultivation is the quality of the soil and effective feeding of the peach.

... Not all varieties can survive cold, dry winters. With the right choice of a peach tree, it will not only take root well and give a decent amount of quality harvest.

- the best option for the northern zones. If, in a harsh climate, you start planting young animals closer to the onset of cold weather, the chances of survival are significantly reduced. For such a short period of time (only 1-1.5 months) before frost, the tree does not have time to "set in" well and is not able to survive the "ultra-low" temperature regimes.

Several times during the season I carry out the treatment of shrubs with disinfectant solutions. In early spring: a solution of diesel fuel and soap. Before flowering: Bordeaux liquid (3%).

Protecting nectarine from disease

Early.

The video shows how much care is needed to get the annual harvest. Tells about all the possible subtleties and mistakes when growing a peach.

Decoration

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As early as 1866, the naked peach got into the borders of pre-revolutionary Russia through the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. From here it spread throughout the Crimea, penetrated into Western Ukraine, Moldova, and the south of modern Russia.

Stark Red Gold

The variety belongs to medium late, ripe fruits can be expected in August. The berries are round-spherical in shape, and more dark red in color. In good conditions, the weight can reach 240 g, although on average it is 190 g. The pulp is yellow in color with a red blush. Its structure is fibrous, dense, juicy, characterized by a very good taste.

The yield of the variety is high, and therefore the tree tends to drop its berries when overloaded. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest as the fruit ripens. The main advantage of the variety is its good transportability.

Preparatory work

Gardeners do not always have the opportunity to allocate a plot that is optimal in all respects for planting nectarine. In this case, it is necessary to carry out a better pre-planting preparation of the existing territory.

The simplest and most reliable way to assess the suitability of the soil on the site for growing nectarine is to monitor the condition of fruit and berry plantations growing nearby, which should have a healthy appearance and dark green leaves.If there are plants on the site with a depressed appearance, weak growth, foliage with yellowness and crushing, it can be assumed that the soil fertility is insufficient, which requires measures to improve it.

The complex of measures to improve the fertility indicators of almost any type of soil includes the regular application of organic fertilizers and baking powder. Traditionally, sand is used to loosen heavy soils. Another important characteristic is the mechanical composition of the soil - the ratio of mineral and organic components. In the autumn period, well-rotted manure should be added to the planting site, as well as deep digging of the soil and its domestication.

Snow Queen

The tree belongs to medium-sized, its fruits are compact - on average 150 g. The skin of the berries is dark red, there are pinkish specks. The pulp has a creamy shade and excellent taste, its structure is fleshy, tender, sweet. The yield is high.

The variety is quite winter-hardy, and therefore well suited for cultivation in Russian conditions, however, it is still more of an industrial type, therefore, when choosing Snow Queen, one should not hope for a quick successful result.

You will learn more about the Snow Queen nectarine variety by watching the following video.

Technology for growing a peach in the form of a bush in central Russia and the Moscow region

Shaping a peach tree into a bush shape

Peach

Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, on the contrary, will help the plant to calmly endure winter cold and early spring frosts. Apply this top dressing for the autumn digging of soil in the trunk circle. One tree consumes up to a quarter of a kilogram of superphosphates, 22–32 kg of organic fertilizers, from potash complexes, potassium chloride is used - up to 100 g, wood ash - up to 350-450 g. In addition, it is necessary to feed during the growing season, with an interval of 2-4 weeks. The first feeding is carried out before the start of active sap flow - in the first weeks of April, the second - in the first week of May, the third - at the beginning of summer, but not later than the first week of July, so that the shoots have time to stop growth and mature, which will help them overwinter.But Nikitsky Botanical Garden is located in Yalta, and the transfer of cuttings and planting material from Ukraine to Russia is practically impossible. Therefore, it is better for Russian gardeners to focus on the work of our scientists. They are actively working with nectarine at the Dagestan selection station of fruit crops in the city of Buinaksk. The varieties Kosmos, Krasnodarets / Nectarine Kievsky, Obilny, Lola, Vostok have been studied here.It turned out that the Kosmos variety ripens the earliest of all (July 20), and the Obilny, Lola and Vostok varieties (August 28) are distinguished by the latest ripening of fruits. Scientists consider the fruits of the variety Kievsky Nectarine to be the most delicious, and the most productive varieties are Cosmos and Vostok.

By the appearance of the tree, biological characteristics and chemical composition of the fruit, nectarine is close to the common peach.

Forming secrets

Plays a special role in the life of the plant, especially in its fertility.Before starting planting work, you must prepare in advanceDepends on the size of the trees in the future. The step between the trees is equal to the sum of the heights of the mature plants. Don't look for schemes in the bowels of the Internet. They are calculated to accommodate the maximum number of peach trees in a small area. However, there is no talk of productivity there. It is better to plant a smaller amount of vegetation, but to have several times more harvest from it than to green your yard as much as possible, while collecting one bucket of harvest from each vigorous fruit-bearing. Experienced gardeners choose varieties not only for frost resistance, but also take into account the characteristics of each trees and their fruits. For example, there is practically no difference. It all depends on local weather conditions and the owner's desire. If in your area in winter, sharp temperature jumps (from plus to minus) are possible, you should think about spring work. If the winter period, as a rule, proceeds without much change, choose autumn. On the other hand, you can plant in any of these periods, depending on the availability of free time.

By the way: Early is a painstaking culture. And to get the fruits, you have to work hard. In our region, it is grown mainly with a tree, in one trunk. But my peach ordeal for years has shown that this is wrong. You can only achieve good fruiting from a shrub Successful cultivation of peaches also means regular rejuvenating pruning. Dried, dying branches should be removed in a timely manner and the crown should be thinned. Trees must be whitewashed for the winter. The bases of large branches and stems are tied with thick paper, burlap or spruce branches. The root system is also insulated with a layer of sawdust, peat or needles of 25-35 cm. The average weight of fruits varies from 60 g in Krasnodar to 80 g in the Obilny variety.

Like the peach, nectarine is undoubtedly a southerner. The air temperature is -22 ° C - critical for flower buds (especially after the trees come out of dormancy), and lowered, to -36 ° C, leads to the death of plants. Nectarine is propagated, like an ordinary peach, by grafting on ordinary almonds or peaches. There is no particular difference in the care of these two different types of plants, the more sun the more colorful the fruit will be. The amount of sun rays also affects the taste of the harvest.pits Next, we will consider everything about planting a peach, more precisely about the features and technological process. But before starting the story, we remind you once again that all the work for you can be done by our experienced gardeners. Fruitful fruitful beautiful trees are your joy and pride, creating a beautiful garden is our job :)

Planting and leaving

Planting a Redhaven peach The cheapest option to get a fruit bearing in your own yard is Peach juice helps to remove toxins from the body. In addition, half a glass of juice a day will help normalize heart rate and improve blood quality 50 seedlings of the variety I have been cultivating peach for over 16 years. And during this time, you can't count how many trees I lost. And then one day, after another failure, I cut down four practically dead peaches of my favorite varieties - Early and Kiev early. And, lo and behold, everyone gave abundant root shoots. In August, from this undergrowth, I formed bushes. On two plants he left 4 branches, and on the other two - 7.The next year, the peaches bloomed and yielded a small harvest. This was in 1997. Since then, they bear fruit annually (they missed only 2006). But I was sure that peach trees live no more than 6 years, and then they die. Therefore, he planted seeds every year and renewed old ones with young seedlings. But now I mold them all with shrubs.

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Although the cultivation technology of nectarine is almost the same as that of common peach, many of its varieties are more susceptible to fungal diseases (powdery mildew, fruit rot). This must be taken into account when planting nectarine and provide additional measures to protect injuries from diseases.

But the fruits of nectarines in the world market are in great demand, because they are sweeter and their dietary value is higher than that of a peach.

Don't forget about water. When dry, the peels will crack. Too much watering will lead to rapid decay.

... The longer the pits stand, the better the soil will become.

The formation of a peach tree begins from the first year of life. Experienced gardeners practice

Will bring the following positive aspects:

Planting a peach seedFragrant fruits grown on your own plot ... What could be tastier and healthier? Today we will bring up the most important topic for all gardening lovers -Kiev early.

Process

One of the most important conditions for good yields when growing peaches in central and central Russia is soil moisture and its acid composition. Very dense, high-carbonate, highly alkaline and waterlogged soils are not suitable for cultivation. It should be borne in mind that low soil moisture reduces the number of ovaries. Despite the high drought resistance of this plant, without 3-4 single watering, the peach will bear a small amount of fruit. The first plentiful watering, in the amount of 3-5 buckets, is carried out at the beginning of flowering. Then after the appearance of the first ovaries and directly, during their ripening.For example, nectarine is best placed away from regular peach stands.A significant advantage of the fruits of nectarine over the fruits of the common peach lies in the absence of pubescence of the skin, which simplifies their fresh consumption and processing technology.For residents of the middle and northern bands, it is advisable to acquire young growth in specialized nurseries. This purchase is good for two reasons. First, the tree perfectly tolerates the local climate (provided that the nursery is located in the same zone as the future garden). The second is that the young growth in nurseries is correctly formed. The fact is that in nurseries, gardeners carry out

Planting depth of peachPruning when planting a peach

Will provide a high supply of fruits (the plant is very productive);... For these purposes, it is necessary to acquire well-ripened fruits. Gently remove the seeds, rinse and dry. The material is stratified in wet sand or sawdust. Stratification in a mixture of peat and moss gives excellent results. The time spent in the "raw environment" depends on the type of planting material. If you planted a seed, it will take about 3-4 months for germination. You can speed up the process by carefully removing the seeds. Their stratification will end in 1-1.5 months. Further planting of peaches from seeds is reduced to sowing the material into the ground. This is best done in the spring.Planting a peach

I plant the seeds during the harvest.Peach moldingPoor illumination also noticeably affects fruiting.

Nectarines are also used in decoration. In the spring, during lush flowering, their trees with beautiful, large and bright flowers on short pedicels are simply unique. They emit a delicate delicate aroma of essential oils and are actively visited by bees and other insects. And it is not surprising - after all, nectarine is a wonderful honey plant.

Nectarine fruits differ from pubescent peach and have a higher solids content. This helps to increase their transportability.Pruning peaches before planting

Depends on the size of the root system of the seedling and the characteristics of the soil. As a rule, holes are dug at least 70 cm deep, the diameter of the pit is 0.7 ... 1 m. Part of the fertile soil is mixed with fertilizers (rotted manure), complex compounds are poured into the hole with a mound. If planting a peach is planned for the spring, and the pit is being prepared in the fall, you can flavor the ground with ash. Before introducing the "mixture" into the pit, it is advisable to drive a peg. After "standing" the pit (at least 1-2 weeks), you can start planting the young.

Popular varieties

A few steps to history

The first mention of the plant dates back to 1616, although nectarine began to be grown in China 2000 years ago. Distribution in European countries occurs only in the twentieth century. To date, Italy, Cyprus, Tunisia and Greece are considered the leaders in the supply of hybrid fruit.

There is still no exact answer where the nectarine came from. According to one version, this is a product from crossing a peach with plums, apricots and almonds. Another statement is the natural population of the plant through cross-pollination.

With the development of the breeding process, it was possible to bring out cold-resistant varieties of the valuable tree. Now its successful can be grown in areas with harsh winter climates... Unlike peach, nectarine is more resistant to diseases and pests, which makes it affordable to breed.

Peach pruning. Peach care in autumn

In order for a peach to give a large harvest, you need to create its crown according to the rules. For this, it is trimmed. Because the peach is considered a light-loving plant, pruning it allows you to create a perfectly illuminated bowl-shaped tree.

Crown formation

There is no central conductor in the cup-shaped crown. These are three to four skeletal branches that emerge from the bottom of the tree. Already in the spring, after planting, they are bookmarked. The peach seedling is cut at a height of 80 cm, leaving approximately 20 cm for the skeletal branches and 60 cm for the stem. If the tree has side branches, then only three or four strong shoots are left, cutting them up to 15 cm long. Subsequently, skeletal branches will form from these stems. Weak shoots are simply made shorter, leaving two or three buds.

The remaining branches are cut at the same time as the conductor. In the summer, you have to monitor the shape of the tree and break out vertically growing shoots. The next year, the skeletal branches embedded in the crown of the peach are cut so that they are of the same length. And from the stems that appear, two buds arise, from which new shoots later arise. Shoots that grow on skeletal branches and boles in summer are removed, leaving up to 10 cm. Peach pruning prevents crown thickening.

In the 3rd year, strong shoots are selected, located at a distance of half a meter from the base of the skeletal branches, they are made shorter up to 50 cm. These are additional secondary shoots. A year later, branches of the 3rd order are laid and the processes growing down are removed. Exclusively in the fifth year, pruning the peach helps create a crown by setting skeletal branches.

Fruit trees

The tree begins to bear fruit on annual growths that appeared in the previous year.Because many flower buds are laid every year, it is necessary to shorten or thin out the shoots, otherwise the peach will be overloaded with fruits, which will be reflected in their quality. During thinning, all growing stems are harvested, leaving them at a small distance from each other. The conductors of skeletal branches are also made shorter, they are transferred to lateral growths. Peach pruning takes place after the last frost. If there are many ovaries on the tree, they are also thinned out. This is done when the fetus reaches 2 cm in diameter. If the skeletal branches are shaken, the underdeveloped ovaries will begin to crumble. Then the weak drupes are removed. The suitable distance between fruits of the first varieties is 8 cm, mid-ripening and late ones - about 12 cm.

Anti-aging pruning

Depending on the plant variety, the fruiting period lasts only 10-12 years. However, the yield period of the tree can be increased by rejuvenating pruning. The tree must be examined, because it must have a healthy stem and skeletal branches below. Actually, then the peach is pruned. The diagram presented in this article will personally show how this is done. First, remove all dried branches. They are cut off near young shoots, which in the future will be key shoots. A diseased tree is not rejuvenated, it is cut off without any rules in order to get a large harvest for a while.

Planting a peach

Depending on the cultivation zone, the plant is planted in 2 terms - in autumn and spring. Autumn planting is carried out only in the south of the country, since the freezing of the seedling during winter is undesirable. In the climate of central Russia and the northern part of Ukraine, it is better to plant a peach (tree) in the spring. The photos accompanying this publication will personally show how to distribute and plant it correctly.

How to plant a peach in autumn

Before planting a seedling, the soil around it is compacted. In order for the root system to develop in a real way, free space must not be allowed next to it. By the spring, the roots appear and strengthen, which excludes the regular watering of young trees. Peach pruning in the fall is considered the most important thing. As already mentioned above, this is necessary for the formation of key branches of the future crown.

Before planting the seedling, prepare a planting pit 60 cm deep. Fertile soil containing humus and trace elements with the addition of wood ash is poured into it to enrich the soil.

To protect the root system, a mound 10 cm high is made, then the tree is watered with three buckets of water. It is especially important not to pour the seedling immediately, the liquid is added little by little, as it is absorbed. Then the elevation is raised to 30 cm. To protect the peach from wind and frost, a plastic bag is put on it and bent to the ground with pegs. Likewise, the seedling will be protected from bad weather conditions and rodents.

Peach pruning in autumn

The peach is the fruit that no one who is engaged in self-harvesting can pass by. Juicy pulp and real nectar lure true connoisseurs of appetizing fruits. Gardeners know that the peach tree needs careful maintenance in the fall. After all, this is the key to a new bountiful harvest. A variety of diseases and parasites are considered the main enemies of the plant. Coccomycosis, clasternosporiosis, aphids make the tree weaker, interfere with gathering strength in winter, which leads to a poor harvest. Thanks to this, caring for the peach in the fall is important. The tree needs constant feeding, spraying, watering and constant protection. However, such procedures must be performed as indicated in the instructions. If, after harvesting, the leaves on the tree remain healthy, they do not need to be removed from the ground in autumn, because they ideally fertilize the soil. The affected sheets should be removed immediately. Good peach care in autumn will be rewarded with a high and quality harvest.

How to plant a peach in spring

In the spring, not all gardeners will buy quality seedlings. Because of this reason, young trees are acquired in the fall and added in drops for the winter. In the spring, gardeners start planting a peach. It is also recommended to dig a hole in the fall. Fertile soil is mixed with humus and mineral fertilizers, and the soil is removed from the bottom of the pit. If you leave such a practical soil composition for the whole winter, complete dissolution of mineral and organic fertilizers is achieved. In the spring, all that remains is to plant a tree.

It is especially important that the plant is well illuminated by the sun and protected from the winds of the north. A wall of a building, a fence or a vegetable hedge will be an excellent protection. In order to activate the development of lateral roots, they are refreshed before planting. After sprinkling with earth, the plant is watered and this is done constantly until it takes root in the new soil.

Can a peach be grown from a seed?

Admiring the aroma of fresh peaches, many ask: "Is it possible to grow a miracle tree in your garden, where to buy high-quality seedlings, will a real tree grow from a seed?" To avoid these questions, you just need to roll up your sleeves and try to grow a peach from a bone.

Be sure to select peaches adapted for our area. Stranger varieties are unlikely to take root, because they are not considered winter-hardy. The seed for planting a seedling is taken from a juicy ripe fruit, it should not have any flaws and pests. It's great if information is known about the selected fruit, on which tree it grew - grafted or self-rooted. In the latter species, the yield and characteristics are much higher. Moreover, the grafted tree may become more barren.

Having formed with the choice of material for sowing, they begin planting. To be on the safe side, a few extra bones are planted. They are soaked for 7 days (the water is changed daily), then carefully dried so as not to damage the inside, and planted in open ground to a depth of 8 cm. Planting is done in the fall, away from mature trees. The soil should be perfectly fertilized, loose and soft.

First of all, the bone forms a root, later a stem is produced. Shoots appear in the spring. Actually, at this stage, the peach is gaining strength, caring for it consists in intensive watering and feeding. By autumn, the seedling grows 1-1.5 m, side branches appear on it. As soon as the height of the trunk can reach 70 cm, they form the crown of the coming tree. Peach pruning is done next spring. Healthy branches are left, and patients and frozen ones are removed. A year later, the young tree is transplanted to a permanent place and the first three years are insulated for the winter.

A peach tree grown from a seedling bears fruit until recently than from a stone. In our climate conditions, you can get a real harvest for 12 years.

Calorie content and beneficial properties of the fruit

Nectarine contains a large number of nutrients and trace elements, discussed in more detail in the list below:

• vitamins of group A, B, C, H, PP;
• beta carotene;
• minerals (calcium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, pectin, sodium;
• alimentary fiber;
• glucose.

The composition of the fruit provides the beneficial properties of nectarine for the body:

• cleansing the body of toxins and toxins;
• strengthening of tooth enamel, bone tissue;
• improving the work of the cardiovascular system;
• normalization of the digestion process;
• an increase in hemoglobin with a lack of it;
• retention of moisture in cells;
• stabilization of the nervous system;
• acceleration of metabolic processes;
• prevention of kidney stones;
• energy source.

The calorie content of nectarine is 48 kcal per 100 grams, and 1 piece, depending on its weight (150-200 grams).

Nutritionists recommend the use of nectarine in diabetes mellitus with caution, since the composition contains a large amount of natural sugars.

Description of the fruit

Nectarine is a fruit that is similar in appearance to a peach. At the same time, the peel of the fruit is reddish, smooth and has no lint. The fruit is considered a natural mutation of the peach and is due to a mistake of nature.

This phenomenon was first described in the 17th century by English botanists and since then breeders have specially grafted the buds of mutating plants onto trees. The average weight of 1 piece is up to 200 grams.

The pulp of the fruit is more juicy, firm and may have a slightly sour taste. The stone is easily separated and in some cases it can be eaten.

Diseases of nectarine and their treatment

Nectarine can be susceptible to diseases such as clasterosporia and leaf curl, as well as powdery mildew. Moniliosis can also affect nectarine. Fighting these diseases is worth fungicides.

Planting and tending nectarine in the garden

Processing of nectarine for clasterosporium disease is carried out three times. For the first time, it is treated with copper oxychloride when the buds on the tree swell, secondly - with Topsin-M immediately before flowering, and for the third time - with the same drug immediately after flowering.

From the curl of the leaves of nectarine, it is necessary to process it in the fall, they resort to a one-time treatment with copper oxychloride or Meteor. In the spring, when the peach begins to bloom, it will be necessary to once again process the entire tree with the same preparations.

With powdery mildew on nectarine, you need to resort to sanitary pruning with severely affected branches. You also need to spray the nectarine tree after flowering with special fungicides, following the instructions in the instructions.

Harmful properties

Despite its many beneficial properties, nectarine also has harmful properties.

When consumed excessively (no more than 4 pieces per day), the fruit can cause:

• Bloating
• Bowel disorders
• Increases in blood sugar
• Allergies

Contraindications:

• Children under 6 months
• People with diabetes
• Allergy sufferers
• For nursing mothers
• With stomach ulcers
• It is forbidden to consume the bone of nectarine, because it possesses poisonous hydrocyanic acid.

It is not recommended to consume nectarine at night. A large amount of water in the fruit can cause frequent urination.

Peach pruning

Correct pruning plays perhaps the most central role in obtaining a large yield of large fruits. This is all the more important for the regions of central Russia, the Urals and the Moscow region.

The peach is cut only in the spring, in mid-April. At this stage, the peach is already actively blooming. You can easily adjust the crop quantity by pruning and direct the shoots in the required direction.

If absolutely necessary, peach pruning can be carried out in the summer. At this stage, the branches growing in the middle of the crown and fatty shoots are cut off. Trimming is carried out on the "ring". You should also remove shoots that are actively and in advance growing on skeletal branches in its part from above.

Selecting the right seed and preparing it for planting

Peach and nectarine trees are very similar to each other both externally and in taste / nutritional characteristics of the fruit. Nectarine is a fairly large tree that can reach a height of 5-7 m.

Fruits form on a tree that is two years old. Not yet ripe, they have a greenish-yellow color, in diameter they can reach 4-5 cm. Fully ripe sweet juicy fruits can be obtained only if there is sufficient sun and warmth. It is worth noting that nectarine is a tree that is quite resistant to the effects of cold: it can withstand temperatures below zero (up to -20 degrees). But if the frost is too severe, the buds of the trees will be damaged.

If you decide to grow nectarine at home using a seed, it is important to choose the right planting material.So, the first step is to choose ripe and healthy fruits of nectarine (it is better if these are fruits plucked directly from the tree). Carefully separate the seeds from the pulp and check for any defects. Then leave the bones to dry (this will take only a few hours).

16 excellent varieties of plums for the Moscow region

Soak the dried nectarine seeds in purified water for several days (5-6 days). It is advisable to renew the water periodically. After that, be sure to stratify the seeds (this will allow for their accelerated germination).

Prepare containers for wintering planting material: make small holes in them that will act as drainage. Cover them with a mixture of sawdust and river sand. Place the seeds in containers. Lower the seed boxes into the ground so that their top edge is level with the ground. Be sure to cover the boxes with straw and sawdust.

With the onset of spring, remove the boxes from the ground and let them germinate in the sun. Keep in mind that the seed germination rate is very low (about 25%), therefore it is necessary to harvest them in large quantities. First, a root will appear on the plant, then leaves. It is necessary to water the sprouts thoroughly. If desired and possible, you can feed them. When they are strong enough, you can land on a permanent place.

Nectarine Fruit Recipes

Nectarine is a fruit of widespread use, as it has a pleasant, rich taste. During the ripening period of the fruits from the resulting crop, they are rolled for the winter (jam, compotes, fruits in syrup).

To prepare the jam, the fruits are cut into cubes and covered with sugar in a 1: 1 ratio. The finished mixture is cooked over low heat for about 2 hours, and then packaged in sterilized jars and rolled up with lids on top.

Compote can be made for seaming or boiled for daily consumption. The proportion of sugar in a 3 liter can is 2 cups. Preliminarily, boiling water is poured into jars with previously laid fruits, then the water is drained and boiled with sugar. Next, the liquid is poured back and covered with lids.

Various desserts, pies are prepared from the fresh fruits of Nectarine, fruits are added to ice cream or eaten fresh. Taste characteristics make it possible to prepare various recipes.

Terms and features of planting seedlings

Peach is a heat- and light-loving crop, with a good level of drought resistance and sufficient frost resistance. Peaches in Belarus, although they can suffer in frosty winters, recover quickly enough, which makes the horticultural culture very promising for home gardening in this country. Peach blooms from April 20 to May 5, and fruit set rates are very high and can reach 35-40% of the total flowering.

The choice of a site for planting and the correct planting seedlings are of decisive importance and have a direct impact on the quality of survival and further productivity of the fruit plant:

• the place should be well lit by the sun's rays and protected from gusts of the north wind;
• plots located on the western or southwestern slopes are considered the best for growing peaches;
• if there is sufficient protection from the cold wind, landing on the southeastern and eastern slopes is allowed;
• the best for the growth and fruiting of peach are areas with soils of medium texture, well-drained and provided with potassium, without excess nitrogen;
• peach seedlings should not be grown in areas with low reliefs and in depressions, where critical temperatures can be observed in winter due to the accumulation of too cold air masses, and in spring there is a danger of late frosts.

How to plant a peach in autumn and spring

Having decided to grow this crop from seed, you need to know how to plant a peach seed correctly, because in most cases the success of the work depends on this: excellent rooting, real growth, and further yield. For planting, it is recommended to take the seeds of the ripe fruits of grafted and own-rooted trees. Seedlings grown from the seed of the fruit of a self-rooted tree will receive 70 - 80% of the varietal characteristics of the parent plant. The peach, obtained from the seed of the fruit of the grafted plant, is grafted when the thickness of the trunk at the root collar is about 1 cm.

Planting can be done at different times. Skilled gardeners prefer to plant the seeds of this tree before winter (in October-November), since during the cold period they will undergo natural stratification, while only the strongest of them will emerge. When planted in spring and summer, weak, still weak seedlings may not tolerate frost in winter. Planting peaches in the fall will be most successful if you use varieties of medium, medium-late and late development. Before embedding in the soil, the seeds must be dried in the shade in clean air. If planting will be carried out in a couple of days, the seeds should be placed in a container with warm water for a couple of days. Change water 2 times a day. After stratification, the seeds are dried and carefully punctured so that, without damaging the seed, it can be removed from the hard shell.

How to plant a peach pit correctly: site selection

If the garden has the right to choose a site for planting a peach, it is recommended to place it in a sunny place, since light and heat are needed for the development of fruits, proper growth of shoots and the establishment of flower buds of this culture. A peach can hold a little shading, but it will have a bad effect on its fruiting. A thermophilic fruit plant should not be planted where cold air stagnates. When the bloom temperature is 1 - 2 ° C below 0 ° C, the coming harvest can be ruined.

Before planting a pitted peach in the soil, you need to prepare the soil well in advance. Despite its own whimsy to growing conditions, a tree can grow well on almost any soil if there is an excellent drainage system. You can get an idea of ​​the drainage of a garden area using the following observations. If the soil is poorly dug, it is highly compacted, and after the rain has passed, puddles remain on it, this indicates a high content of clay in it. In such soil, moisture is absorbed more slowly and also slowly leaves. You can improve its condition with peat, manure or compost. Soils in which water is retained for a long time must be drained, otherwise the roots will rot after a certain period of time, and the tree itself will die. If the soil is excessively loose, loose, and dries quickly, this indicates an excess of sand or gravel in it, or a lack of nutrients. In this case, organic fertilizer should be applied, which helps to store moisture for a long time and enrich the soil with the necessary nutrients. The model soil for planting peaches is considered to be slightly acidic, with a pH of 6.5. Lime is added to too acidic soil (pH below 5.8). This work is carried out a month before fertilization or a month later. Preparing the area where the tree will grow, the soil is cleaned of weeds. In case of severe clogging, herbicides are used. Before planting, organic fertilizer is applied to improve the structure of the soil. The amount of fertilizers depends on its condition and composition.

The prepared peach seed is immediately planted in open ground to a depth of 6 - 8 cm at a distance of at least 2 - 3 m from other trees and nearby buildings that cast a shadow.

After a certain period of time after planting the peach, roots begin to develop from the seed, then the stem.In the first month after planting the seeds, the soil must be kept in a loose and restrainedly moist state. During the summer, the seedling grows up to 130 cm, after which the crown begins to form, which must be correctly created in the initial year of the plant's life. In autumn, strong lateral branches are left, they will form the skeleton of the crown, others are cut "under the ring".

Planting and transplanting a peach

In the second year, in the spring, you can transplant the plant to a permanent place. Planting a peach in the spring should be done as soon as possible until recently, as soon as the ground warms up. On the day of transplanting the peach, it is necessary to dig a hole of such depth and width so that the roots of the seedling fit freely in it. At the bottom of the pit, mix the rotted topsoil, manure, peat or compost with the ground. When placing a plant in a hole, remove very long roots with a pruning shear. When placing a tree, it is important to ensure that the root collar is located at soil level. After location, you can fill the hole. First of all, sprinkle the roots with turf, then the rest of the soil, regularly shaking the seedling so that the earth passes between the roots. Finishing planting, you should crush the soil and level the surface. Cover the trunk circle with a layer of wood chips, using rotted manure, peat or compost.

An annual seedling is recommended to be tied to a stake with a plastic bunch, folding it in the form of a figure eight. Two-year-old seedlings need a very strong bond, but a spacer must be placed between the stake and the trunk so that there is no damage to the bark.

Planting a peach from a stone (with video)

The first 2 - 3 years until the young plant becomes stronger for the winter, it must be insulated with sawdust, grass or fallen leaves. Trees growing next to walls can be protected from frost by covering them with straw or burlap.

In central Russia, this culture often suffers from a lack of moisture, frostbite and infection with fungal diseases. To successfully grow a tree, it is necessary to select varieties with very high winter hardiness and take real care of the peach, which includes annual crown pruning, fertilization, spraying on dry, hot days, watering and pest control.

Knowing how to plant a peach and creating all the tips in fact, in 3 - 4 years the gardener will receive the first harvest of fruits.

A video about planting a peach can be seen below:

Peach is an amazing and capricious tree that came to us from southern China. Most gardeners try to grow a peach in their area. And, unfortunately, not everyone succeeds. After several attempts, they are upset and this tree is no longer planted. And in vain ... If you provide good care, then the fruits of your own peach can be enjoyed for several years.

History

For the first time, they learned about the exotic fruit in 1616. An English author described in his book a certain amazing fruit, which he called "bald peach."

Scientists were interested in an unusual fruit. After a thorough research, they concluded that peach nap is disappearing due to a change in the climate where they decided to grow it.

Juicy fruit, presented to the world - China. The name was formed quickly and simply, from the word "nectar", due to the predominance of sugar in the fruit.

The nectarine tree belongs to the "Pink" family and is related to almonds.

For several decades, gardeners have been growing different types of nectarine, and only having received large-fruited varieties in the 20th century, the fruit became popular and received high demand.

Cultivation of culture

Planting nectarine on the site begins with preparatory work. The vegetation of the plant depends on how they are carried out.

Requirements for the choice of planting material

The collected fruits of nectarine for planting should be overripe. Pay attention to the pulp. The material is suitable that does not have damage, rot. Peaches that are infected with pathogenic fungi and viruses cannot be used for breeding.The bone inside must be whole, of even color. It is washed several times to remove the remaining pulp from the grooves on the shell surface.

Preparing seeds for planting

Separating the seed from the seed requires care. First, the bones are poured with warm water, leaving for several days. The water needs to be changed regularly. Then drying begins. The material is laid out on a tray and placed in a well-ventilated and bright room.

You can determine the readiness of the seed by cracking the nut. Better to put the bone on the edge and hit with something heavy. The core of the nectarine must not be damaged during the operation.

When planning to plant immediately in the ground in the fall, you do not need to soak the seeds. For the spring procedure, planting material is stored in a box, excluding its damage. In February, soak nectarine seeds in plenty of water. Then they are placed in a plastic bag with damp moss or sawdust and sent to the refrigerator.

History of the origin of nectarine

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The homeland of nectarine is East Asia. Back in the 16th century, it was called an absurd fruit, although it was appreciated for its taste at all times. For a long time it was believed that it was obtained by selection. But over time, scientists found out that the fruit originated through the natural evolution of the peach in nature. It is believed that at some point the climate changed dramatically and the peach mutated so as not to die. The gardeners immediately appreciated the possibilities of new trees and fruits, and began to breed nectarines.

Photo of nectarine "Donat"

How nectarines are grown in Russia: features

When growing nectarine, you need to take into account a number of features that affect the further development of an adult tree.

1. It is worth choosing the southern part of the site for planting a seedling. The more sun the tree receives during the day, the better for it.
2. There is no need to plant peaches nearby - this can lead to infection of a young plant with fungal diseases.

Knowing the rules of planting, any gardener can grow nectarine from a bone or by grafting.

The fruits of diligence, and at the same time nectarines, can be had in a couple of years. The main thing is the right choice of varieties and place for the tree.

Step-by-step nectarine planting algorithm

The seed planting process is the traditional planting of seeds:

1. Choose a container suitable for planting.
2. Buy or mix your own planting soil.
3. Plant the seeds, respecting the seedbed depth.
4. Maintain the conditions necessary for germination.
5. Take care of the sprouts.

Terms of planting works

It is recommended to plant nectarine seeds in open ground in late summer or autumn. In this case, the seeds will undergo natural stratification during the winter, which will allow them to more actively start the growing season in spring. You can plant nectarines in the spring if you create artificial conditions for stratification. When growing seedlings indoors, in order to determine the planting date, it is worth knowing that the first shoots will appear from the soil after 4 months.

Tank and soil preparation

The root system of nectarine seedlings develops very quickly and requires a lot of free space. The growing container must have a large diameter and depth.

It is recommended to use tubs or large pots with a volume of at least 60 liters. For growing nectarine, it is important to select a fertile soil with neutral acidity.

The soil should be light and loose so that water and air pass through well. A suitable mixture for nectarines includes turf soil, peat, sand and humus in equal parts.

Depth and rules for planting bones

The sufficient depth for placing the seed in the ground is 5-7 cm.It is recommended to plant seeds in small trenches at a distance of about 20-25 cm from each other. After seeding the planting with soil, it is necessary to pour warm water.

Diseases, pests and possible difficulties in growing

Gardeners who decide to grow nectarine in their summer cottage should be prepared for various difficulties:

1. The culture prefers a warm climate. Therefore, if the winter is cold, below 20 degrees of frost, then it is necessary to cover the young tree especially carefully. Covering material is also suitable here. They use it in several layers.
2. Fungal infections often affect the peach due to the increased humidity of the air and soil. It is better to prevent diseases by spraying plants with Bordeaux liquid. If signs of pathology are found, treatment with fungicides should be applied.
3. Plant pests should be fought with folk remedies. A decoction of tobacco dust will help from aphids, a spider mite - an infusion of onion peels.
4. Spraying with Ridomila or Tiovita solution strengthens the culture.

The peculiarity of nectarine is that the plant sheds its foliage late. When the early leaf fall began, then something is wrong with the tree.

Brief characteristics of nectarine

Nectarine is a plant from the plum genus, a subspecies of the common peach. The peculiarity of the fruit is the smooth surface of the fruit, like that of a plum. The nectarine pulp also has a firm and crispy texture. The fruits became widespread and popular at the end of the 20th century.

Plant properties

Description of the nectarine tree:

1. Medium plant, small in height.
2. The crown is round or irregular in shape, branched and sweeping.
3. Leaves are elongated, with a pointed end and a serrated edge, light green, glossy.
4. The flowers are pink.
5. The fruits are early ripening.
6. High fruiting.

Fruit properties

Description of nectarine fruit:

• size - medium or large, average weight - 120-150 g;
• shape - rounded, there is a groove characteristic of Plum on one side;
• the peel is smooth, dense, free of fibers, shiny;
• the pulp is fragrant, juicy, but harder than that of peach and plum;
• the bone is large;
• the taste is predominantly sweet, of varying degrees of intensity, sometimes complemented by sour notes.

Planting nectarine

Pick out the strongest seeds with the strongest and longest shoots. If you want to limit yourself to one plant, then leave one seed, since you will need to plant exactly one seed per pot.

The container should be taken in medium size, with a volume of about two liters. Fill it with good quality soil, and plant the sprouted seed to a depth of three to four centimeters. Now the pot must be placed in a warm place.

Planting a sprouted nectarine seed