Euonymus: 140 photos of a variety of plant species and varieties. Use in landscaping and garden decoration

Japanese euonymus (Euonymus japonica) Is a fast-growing, evergreen shrub with leathery leaves. Depending on the variety, leaf plates can be green, with a white or golden border. The flowers are small, white-green in color, collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences, do not represent decorative value. The flowering period is in the middle of summer.
Only adult plants can bloom and that is quite rare. Fruits are four-celled capsules. In indoor conditions, the height of the plant does not exceed 1 meter, in nature it can reach up to 6 meters or more. It has a long life expectancy, while requiring annual pruning and periodic rejuvenation. Has a pronounced rest period.

Growing rapidly. In one season, the plant adds 10-20 cm in height.

It blooms very rarely and only adults.

The plant is easy to grow.

Perennial. Rejuvenate every 3-4 years.

Indoor euonymus: how to grow a healthy plant

Indoors, amateurs often grow miniature trees, giving them a bizarre shape. For these purposes, myrtle, Benjamin's ficuses with colorful leaves, carissa, pomegranate, eugenia myrtle and euonymus are suitable. These crops are easy to prune, their crown can be formed in the form of a ball or cone. Indoor euonymus grows slowly, so the culture is suitable for growing in the bonsai style. If picturesque euonymus bushes are not pruned, over time, a thick, beautiful bush can grow - a true decoration of the interior of a living room. This article is all about growing euonymus in a room.

Main characteristics

This type of shrub spreads along the ground and does not exceed 50 cm in height. Its main feature is its beautiful leaves, the color of which differs in different varieties. It is unpretentious in care, and has intensive growth in width. Many variegated shrubs love a lot of light and euonymus is no exception.

The euonymus shrub bears fruit, but in our climatic conditions it is rare. The fruits look attractive, but not as beautiful as those of other species. You cannot eat them, because they are poisonous.

Euonymus: botanical reference

Compact plants are an excellent interior decoration.

Karl Linnaeus, giving the name eonymus to this plant, used two Greek words "good" and "name", literally the name eonymus is translated as "glorious plant".

Euonymus is a tree-like evergreen plant that belongs to the Euonymus family. The habitat of the eonymus is the temperate and subtropical regions of the globe.

The genus includes trees and shrubs of short stature, which can shed their leaves for the winter or remain evergreen. Stems are ribbed, tetrahedral. Leaves are opposite, leathery, with a shiny surface, varnished. There are varieties with solid green leaves and various types of variegation. The flowers are inconspicuous, they do not add decorativeness to lush bushes. After flowering, a dry seed box is formed.

In landscape gardening of cities, euonymus is often used to create dense hedges, which are given certain shapes by a haircut.

Indoor conditions are usually grown:

• Rooting euonymus (Forchuna) is a low shrub, not exceeding 60 cm in height. The crown is dense, the branches in the nodes have aerial roots, due to which the plant easily takes root. Small varnished leaves (up to 6 cm) are colored dark green, the shape of the leaf blade is ovoid.
• Japanese spindle tree - the species has dark green leathery leaves, private teeth are located at the edges. The shape of the leaves is an elongated ellipse, they usually do not exceed 8 cm in length. Small yellow-green flowers are collected in inflorescences; after flowering, leathery capsules of an orange-pink hue ripen on the plants.

Breeders have bred many varieties with variegated leaves. The bright color of the leaves makes the euonymus very elegant, but when growing a crop at home, it is worth remembering that all parts of the plant are poisonous.

Popular varieties of Japanese indoor spindle tree with names and photos

In indoor floriculture, the following varieties of euonymus are most often used:

Latifolius Albomarginatus

It is characterized by dark green leafy plates with a wide light border.

Luna

Greenish-yellow leaves with a green frame.

Albomarginatus

Rich green leaves with a narrow white edging.

Euonymus on the windowsill: the secrets of growing

Green-leaved varieties of euonymus tolerate shade better.

Charming euonymus bushes grow well in the room, you just need to take into account the simple requirements for agricultural cultivation techniques.

The culture is very undemanding to lighting, especially varieties with green leaves. It is best to choose eastern or western window sills for growing crops. In summer, excessive lighting can lead to leaf burns. In winter, plants need to be provided with a bright location, otherwise the shoots will stretch out from insufficient lighting.

Euonymus varieties with green leaves are less dependent on the length of daylight hours. Variegated varieties lose their contrasting color in low light, leaves with a yellow or creamy pattern become uniform green. This can serve as a signal for the grower to change the conditions for keeping the plant.

Temperature

Maintaining the required temperature is a very important aspect in the cultivation of eonymus. In summer, euonymus grows well at temperatures up to + 25 ° C, in extreme heat, the growth of eonymus stops, leaves may crumble. Dry air at high air temperatures can lead to infection of the plant with a spider mite, so in the summer it is better to take the bushes out to the balcony and frequently spray the crown.

In winter, plants are provided with a temperature regime of +8 to + 10 ° C. An excellent solution is to keep your home spindle trees on a closed balcony with a moderate temperature. If he hibernates in a room, it is necessary to put a pot with a spindle tree closer to the window panes, where the temperature is slightly lower than in the room.

Euonymus does not like to grow in peat-based soils, so it is best to prepare the substrate for planting yourself:

• Leafy ground - 1 tsp
• Sod land - 2 hours
• Sand - 1 tsp

The soil mixture should have a pH level of 6 (neutral acidity).

As a last resort, for planting a plant, you can take natural loam, diluting it with sand, but this is not the best substrate for growing eonymus.

Organic and mineral fertilizers can be used to feed the plant. Ordinary manure is suitable, which is infused in water in a ratio of 1:10. An overdose of organic fertilizers can lead to a change in the color of variegated forms - bright variegated leaves will turn green.

It is best to use balanced complex fertilizers for feeding the eonymus, which are applied during the period of plant growth 1-2 times a month.

In winter, feeding is not carried out.

Watering and moisture

Bright foliage is preserved when kept in a bright place.

The euonymus is very responsive to watering, but the water should be carefully defended or filtered. Excessive salts dissolved in irrigation water negatively affect the plant.

Watering is carried out only when the upper layer of the substrate dries up. It is strictly not allowed to leave water in a tray under the pot - excessive soil moisture causes problems with the plant's root system.

In summer, the plant is watered more often and more abundantly than in winter, especially when the euonymus is wintering at low temperatures.

Eonymus can shed its leaves at high ambient temperatures. In summer, dry air can cause drying of the leaf blades along the edge, which significantly reduces the decorative qualities of the plant. The leaves of the euonymus should be moistened in extreme heat, the dusty plant tolerates bathing in the shower perfectly.

Eonimus grows slowly, but the plant still has to be transplanted. The signal for a transplant may be the appearance of roots from the drainage hole of the flower pot.

You can use a ceramic or plastic planter, but any containers must be filled with an expanded clay drainage layer.

You cannot immediately plant a small plant in a large pot; it is better to transfer the euonymus into slightly larger containers annually.

When transshipment, the roots of the plant are slightly straightened, but the old earthen lump is not destroyed. The root collar of the plant should not be covered with soil.

Growing euonymus in bonsai form.

The euonymus very well tolerates a shaping haircut, due to which interesting shapes are cut out of the plant: a ball on a leg, three balls of different diameters on the central stem, pyramidal and cuboid crowns. Often the plant is grown in the bonsai style, although euonymus is slow in growth, a high decorative effect can be achieved in a few years.

Reproduction

Indoor euonymus is propagated by seeds very rarely, it is easier and faster to get new plants by cuttings. You can root the apical cuttings obtained after pruning.

For rooting, it is worth choosing cuttings no more than 10 cm long, the lower cut is performed under the leaves with a bevel of 45 degrees. Rooting is carried out in a mixture of peat and sand, placing the pots with cuttings in greenhouse conditions.

Read also: Hydrangea indoor planting and home care

Rooting can take a long time, but after 3 months, almost all seedlings acquire roots. To accelerate the formation of roots, cuttings are treated with phytohormones during planting.

Sometimes euonymus is propagated by dividing the bush, offspring appear annually next to the main trunk, which are easy to separate for growing new specimens.

Diseases and pests

Very often a spider mite or scale insect attacks the euonymus. In order to track the appearance of pests in time, you need to carry out regular inspections of the plant. The mite most often colonizes the lower surface of the leaf blade. Strong leaves of euonymus can persist for a long time on a diseased plant, they fall off when the tick population reaches a critical size.

At the first signs of pests, the plant should be treated with insecticides. Before processing, it is worth wiping the leaves with a cotton swab moistened in soapy water, violating the integrity of the scabbard shell, and then treating the eonymus crown with special preparations.

Overflowing plants can cause stress, leaf fall and the death of the root system, therefore, adherence to agricultural technology when growing euonymus is mandatory.

Pest control

The plant can be harmed by small insects. They feed on leaf sap, after which the leaves curl slightly. If you look closely, you can see whitish dots on the surface of the leaf, this is the activity of pests.

In order for the plant to remain intact, it is necessary to process it 3 times a week.To do this, we will use Aktellik, and prepare a solution in a 1: 1 ratio, i.e. 1 ml for 1 liter of water. Each pest has its own treatment methods and appropriate preparations.

Features of planting and caring for indoor euonymus

The euonymus shrubs that burn in autumn are an original and easy decoration for both the garden plot and the window sill in the house. But how can a fairly large plant, which, depending on the species and variety, reach 1–9 meters in height, can become a pot culture?

It turns out that euonymus of deciduous and evergreen forms in the East have long been used by bonsai lovers to grow miniature living compositions.

The use of competent pruning and the methodical formation of the crown helps to tame the growth of the indoor euonymus flower. A few years after planting, a real tree with a dumpy trunk, curved branches and a beautiful crown, decorated with foliage and unusual fruits, grows from the cuttings.

For the pot culture, deciduous species are more often chosen, for example, European euonymus or winged euonymus. In this case, scarlet leaves and bright fruit-boxes, as expected, fall off in the fall, and after a period of dormancy with the beginning of spring, the tree wakes up and begins a new growing season.

If the indoor flower is an euonymus of evergreen varieties, for example, Japanese euonymus, then the branches remain covered with red, purple or variegated foliage, but the life processes of the plant slow down, therefore, the care for it also changes.

Planted in a limited volume of a pot, euonymus remains a perennial culture that has its own preferences and characteristics and requires an individual attitude and approach.

How to handle indoor spindle tree, planting and maintenance of which is carried out not in the open field, but indoors?

Winged spindle tree in landscape design

Euonymus is used in single and group plantings. The shrub helps create a hedge. For a solitary planting, more free space is allocated under it. Low-growing plants are planted nearby. In autumn, a bright bush looks spectacular against the background of the lawn.

The winged euonymus looks good next to other trees and ornamental shrubs. It is combined with conifers, jasmine, viburnum, wild rose, broom, barberry.

The shrub is suitable for decorating personal plots, recreation areas, alleys and parks. The varieties tolerate gas pollution and pollution of cities. You can plant a shrub next to a pond, fountain, terrace, gazebo.

Rules for caring for euonymus in room conditions

Garden euonymus is famous for its good adaptability and unpretentiousness. Even novice lovers of decorative cultures can take care of him.

• The shrub grows well in almost any soil, the main thing is that the substrate is loose and permeable to moisture and air.
• Euonymus of all types tolerate shade well, but you can get a compact, even crown and bright color of autumn foliage only if the bush is planted in a well-lit place or at least in partial shade.
• Dry air is also not harmful to shrubs, but dry soil can cause wilting of foliage and its premature fall.
• The dormant period lasts from November to April, during the cold season. During these months, the plant needs almost no moisture and nutrients. The illumination of the bush decreases.

The same rules should be adhered to when planting and caring for a room, as in the photo, euonymus.

Reviews about winged euonymus

Kovalskaya Lyudmila Petrovna, 48 years old, Moscow region

I have been looking for a beautiful ornamental shrub for my garden for a long time. I chose the winged Chicago Fire according to reviews and did not regret it at all. The bush has become a real decoration for the garden. The variety is unpretentious to the soil, does not get sick, tolerates pruning well. The main disadvantage is the delayed variety.Therefore, I do not recommend growing it from seeds, it is better to purchase a seedling. My bush grows in a sunny area, so in the fall it pleases with bright colors.

Orlova Valeria Stepanovna, 26 years old, Nizhny Novgorod

At relatives in the country I saw a beautiful bush with bright crimson leaves. It turned out that this is an euonymus of the Macrofilis variety. I took home a couple of cuttings, which I planted near the house after rooting. In the first year, the tree has grown by 30 cm. Now its height is almost human growth. The plant is completely non-capricious, while it has a wonderful decorative appearance. I take care of the shrubs to a minimum: in the fall and summer I feed them with mineral fertilizers.

Planting and subsequent care of indoor euonymus

For euonymus, a loose soil with a weak alkaline reaction, an abundance of nutrients and good permeability is required. If the plant is not planned to be subjected to rigid shaping, you can take a mixture of turf, sand and humus.

For bonsai, it is useful to add loam to the substrate to provide better adhesion of the root system to a small earthy clod.

To limit the growth of the shrub and facilitate the care of the euonymus, planting is carried out in a small-sized pot, the width of which is equal to or greater than the depth. At the bottom of the container, drainage is made to remove moisture unnecessary to the plant and prevent root rot.

When planting, it is important to maintain the integrity of the original lump of soil around the roots. Therefore, the plant is lowered into a depression made in advance in the substrate, then the voids are filled with soil and carefully compacted. The soil during planting should be moist, like the root system of the plant.

After planting spindle tree care includes:

• regular watering when the topsoil is dry under the bush;
• feeding with complex means from April to September with a frequency of 2 times a month;
• spraying the crown of euonymus on especially hot summer days;
• shaping crown pruning before the start of active growing season;
• pinching of lateral shoots appearing in summer;
• sanitary pruning in the fall;
• plant transplant every 3-4 years.

At home, euonymus feels good on western or eastern windows.

It is better to protect the plant from direct sunlight, and if possible, it is best to keep the shrubs in the fresh air from spring to the onset of autumn coolness. Wintering of euonymus is carried out in a cool room. Watering is carried out very sparingly, feeding is not needed.

Tree euonymus

For those who would like to grow a tree at the Beresklet country house, we can advise the European type of plant. It is able to grow on any soil, and reach 6 m in height. It also has a bush shape, and fruiting is distinguished by bright fruits - red or pink.

For decorative decoration of the site, there are more than two dozen types of shrubs. Each has its own shape, and differs in the degree of winter hardiness. You can choose a suitable option for a summer residence by looking at the photo of Beresklet on the Internet. Every amateur gardener will find a shrub to his liking.

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Reproduction of spindle tree at home

Indoor flower euonymus can be propagated using seeds collected from ripe and opened bolls, as well as by cuttings.

If the grower has seeds of a suitable variety and quality at his disposal, they are placed in a container with moistened sand and sent to a household refrigerator for three months. Positive temperatures close to zero will harden the planting material and activate pecking.

After the expiration of the period allotted for stratification, the container is removed from the cold and placed in a brightly lit place, previously covered with glass or film to prevent moisture evaporation.

• The heated seeds are transferred to a layer of loose sterilized substrate, laid out on the surface and carefully sprinkled with a thin layer of sand.
• Then the soil is irrigated from a spray bottle.
• A container covered with a film is placed in a greenhouse.
• For the germination of seeds of the indoor euonymus flower, a constant air temperature is required within the range from 22 to 27 ° C.
• Every 4 days, the soil condition is monitored, which, if necessary, is sprayed, and the container with seeds is ventilated.

The seeds of the plant do not differ in fast and friendly germination, therefore, the reproduction of spindle tree in this way is rather laborious and not always successful.

The long-awaited sprouts can appear only 8 weeks after sowing. When real leaves appear on the seedlings, they are carefully dived. Further development of seedlings takes place indoors or on a terrace, protected from drafts and cold air.

Read also: Peperomia: species names with photos, home care

Propagation of euonymus by cuttings gives better results than obtaining seedlings from harvested seeds. Planting material cut in August or September from the tops of healthy shoots is rooted in a room greenhouse, buried in a mixture of equal parts of washed sand and peat. When the cuttings acquire their own root system, they are transplanted to a permanent place. This is best done in early spring.

Reproduction by layering and root suckers

Reproduction of euonymus by root suckers photo

Reproduction by layering is carried out in the spring. Make a small groove next to the bush, bend the shoot to the ground, secure and sprinkle with soil. After rooting, cut off, plant in a place of constant growth.

Root suckers with a maximum height of 40-50 cm are suitable for reproduction. The length of the root should be 25-30 cm, and the thickness should be at least 1.5 cm. In early spring, dig up the shoot, do not shake the soil from the roots, plant it in a permanent place.

Pests and diseases of the indoor euonymus flower

Like shrubs in the open field, a small indoor euonymus needs protection from diseases and insect pests. Most often, growers are faced with plant damage by mealybugs, which weaken the pot culture. It is not excluded that the spindle tree is populated by a scabbard, spider mite and harmful fungi.

In order to prevent the death of a green pet, they not only treat it with systemic drugs, but also arrange care. Planting of euonymus is carried out only in disinfected soil.

Rooting houseplants by cuttings - video

Diseases and pests

Euonymus is susceptible to powdery mildew. The disease manifests itself as a white coating on the leaves. To combat the defeat, Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride is used. The shrub is sprayed in dry, cloudy weather. If necessary, the treatment is repeated after a week.

The shrub can be attacked by aphids, caterpillars and spider mites. Insects feed on plant juices. As a result, the development of euonymus slows down, leaves curl and fall prematurely. Fitoverm and Confidor preparations are effective against pests. Spraying is carried out every 10 days.

For the prevention of diseases and pests, it is important to observe agricultural practices. In the fall, they dig up the soil and remove the fallen leaves.

Types of indoor euonymus

Most of the species of this plant (and there are about 140 of them) are intended for outdoor cultivation, and only two of them are suitable for indoor cultivation. Of course, now we mean Japanese euonymus and rooting euonymusthat are most often found in our homes.

The first variant is distinguished by dark green leathery leaves of a narrow elliptical shape with finely toothed edges. Their length varies from 3 to 8 cm, and the flowers correspond to 1 cm (in each inflorescence from 10 to 30 pieces). The color of the flowers is yellow-green, and the fruits are orange or pink boxes.

Rooting euonymus (another name is Fortchuna's euonymus) is a shrub that reaches a height of 30-60 cm, and the branches grow up to three meters in length. Branches can take root at the nodes. Leaves are leathery, small, dark green in color and ovoid. Their size ranges from 2 to 6 cm.

Did you know? Almost all types of euonymus are very poisonous, but warty euonymus and European euonymus are of the greatest practical importance, since their bark and stems contain gutta-percha.

Winged euonymus varieties (Euonymus Alatus)

There are several varieties of this species. All of them differ in the size of the bush, the color of the leaves and fruits.

Winged Euonymus Compactus

According to the description, the winged euonymus Compactus reaches a height of 1.5 m, in a girth - 2 m. The crown is of the correct shape, thickened, openwork at the edges. In summer, the leaves are bright green, in autumn they turn reddish-purple. The leaf plate is round, 3-5 cm long.

Small flowers bloom in May-June. They are yellow-green in color and are hardly noticeable against the background of green leaves. In autumn, orange-red fruits ripen, which hang on the branches until the onset of winter.

Winged euonymus Compactus in the garden is planted in a sunny place. In the shade, decorative properties are significantly reduced. The variety needs frequent watering.

Winged Euonymus Chicago Fire

The Chicago fire variety grows up to 1.2 m in height. The width of the shrub is 1.5 m. The crown is round, the shoots are horizontal. The leaves are simple, elliptical. In summer, the color is dark green. In autumn, winged euonymus changes color to bright crimson. The flowers are inconspicuous, appear in May, do not stand out against the background of foliage. Fruits, 8 mm long, ripen in a dark red shell.

The Chicago Fire variety grows well in shady and sunny places. It is unpretentious to the composition of the soil, the main requirement is fertility. Growth rates are moderate. The variety has high frost resistance, but freezes in severe winters.

Winged spindle fireball

Winged euonymus shrub of the Fireball variety is a deciduous shrub with a spherical crown. The plant is thickened and compact. The variety grows slowly. Shoots are ribbed, hard, with cork outgrowths. In the middle lane it grows up to 1.5 m in height. It reaches 1.5 m in girth. It grows 5–10 cm per year.

The leaves are green, elliptical, lighter on the underside. The length of the leaf plate is 2–5 cm. In autumn, the leaves become red with purple and purple tints. In the shade, they are mauve.

The flowers are inconspicuous, green-yellow, collected in umbrellas of 3 pcs. Abundant flowering occurs in late May - early June. Fruits are orange-red, in capsules.

Important! The Fireball variety is frost-resistant, tolerates urban conditions well.

The shrub prefers fertile soils of moderate moisture. In spring and autumn, pest control is required. The plant is planted in the light, but partial shade is also allowed.

Winged spindle tree Macrophilis

The euonymus of the Makrofilis variety is a deciduous shrub up to 1.5 m high and 1.2 m in diameter. Shoot growth is moderate. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, almost invisible.

The Macrophilis variety differs from other varieties in its elongated leaves. In summer they are dark green, while in autumn they take on a carmine color. Fruits are orange-red, ripen in capsules.

The winged euonymus tree prefers sunny places, but it is planted in partial shade. With a lack of lighting, the color becomes less bright. The Macrophilis variety requires fertile soil and moderate watering.

Rules for caring for euonymus in room conditions

The same plant growing in different conditions requires different attention to itself. Therefore, indoor spindle tree care differs from garden flower care.

Lighting and temperature control

In terms of lighting, this plant is quite unpretentious and grows well both in the light and in partial shade, although the first option is more preferable.

Often, indoor euonymus requires good lighting throughout the year, which is why not all species will be able to feel good on the northern side of an apartment or house.

Direct sunlight is beneficial for euonymus, but it is better that they fall on the leaves of the plant only in the morning or evening. However, species with variegated leaves growing on the north side, on the contrary, can lose their natural color, which is highly undesirable from an aesthetic point of view.

In winter, it is possible not to hide the euonymus from the sunlight, because direct sunlight does not have the same effect on it as in summer.

Another important aspect of plant care is the indoor temperature. In the summer, it is somewhat easier to create suitable temperature conditions (the temperature should not rise above + 24-25 ° C), while in winter the temperature is reduced to 8-10 ° C. Wintering at higher temperatures threatens the euonymus with the loss of leaves.

At this time, you can take the plant out onto a heated balcony, although temperatures that are too low should not be allowed. Wintering of a young spindle tree (up to 3 years old) in a garden provides for the plants to be covered with spruce branches or dry foliage, and in order to prevent freezing of the roots of adult plants, sawdust or leaves are introduced into their near-stem circle.

Did you know? Several legends are associated with euonymus. The first one says that the witch grew a poisonous bush out of resentment against people, but later regretted her actions and made the plant a medicine. After that, she herself turned into a small gray bird - a robin (the poison of the berries does not work on them). According to the second legend, the euonymus appeared due to the anger of the goddess Flora, who lost two jewelry - a brooch and an earring. She did not look for them, but simply turned the euonymus into a bush: the flowers look more like brooches, and the berries look like earrings.

Requirements for the composition of the soil and its fertilization

It is no secret that indoor euonymus differs from the garden version in terms of planting and maintenance, but as for the soil, both types have similar preferences. For the full growth and development of this plant, a mixture of sand and ordinary flower soil in a 1: 3 ratio is perfect.

Ideally, the pH should not be above or below 6, and the acidity should remain neutral.

Important! Too clayey soils, in which it is necessary to add sand, is not the best option for indoor euonymus.

However, if you want the plant to delight you with its healthy appearance, beautiful foliage and abundant fruiting after planting the euonymus, then, in addition to the correct composition of the soil, it also needs the correct fertilizer, which is applied to the soil several times a year.

It is especially important to fertilize euonymus in spring when flower buds are actively forming. In this case, an excellent feeding option is manure, previously diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. Alternatively, you can use poultry droppings, but only the concentration of the infusion will have to be halved.

For a houseplant, complex mineral fertilizers, which are sold ready-made, will be enough. They are applied about once a month, and if the soil in the pot is highly acidic, then it can be sprinkled with lime. In winter, the plant is not fertilized, since it is dormant and does not need regular feeding.

Regularities of watering and air humidity

Probably one of the most important aspects of caring for a particular plant is the correct watering.In the case of indoor euonymus, this procedure is performed using settled water with a minimum amount of salts dissolved in it. In the spring-summer period, watering should be abundant enough, but do not allow stagnation of moisture at the root system

.

Read also: Fatsia: home care

In autumn and winter, euonymus is not so hygrophilous, and the amount of watering can be reduced. Plants that are on an insulated balcony at a temperature of 5 to 10 ° C can hardly be watered. Although they do not part with their leaves, they are in a state of complete rest.

In addition to watering, the level of humidity in the room also plays a significant role. Some growers argue that this indicator does not really matter, and only spraying is useful. However, if the air in the room is very dry, and the temperature is high enough, then this can cause the leaves of the euonymus to fall off.

It is the leathery leaves that are responsible for the evaporation of a small amount of moisture by the plant, due to which it tolerates dry indoor air well. To remove dust from the spindle tree, experts advise to arrange a shower for him from time to time.

Pruning and shaping the crown

Not only garden species, but also Japanese indoor plants need periodic pruning of shoots. Therefore, in order for the euonymus to be branched, it must be cut off every spring, during the entire growing season. The stems of the plant are relatively soft and pliable, so they can be shaped into any shape (for example, shaped like a bonsai).

Throughout the year, you can carry out cleansing pruning (as the euonymus shoots dry out). Weak branches are also subject to removal, which take away the strength of the plant.

Important! In early spring, young shoots can be pinched, which will only strengthen branching and contribute to the formation of a dense crown.

You can grow the plant to your liking, giving it almost any shape. The most common variant of indoor euonymus is bush, when many branches leave the root (the more there are, the thicker and more beautiful the crown is).

You can also grow the plant as a standard tree: the trunk is bare at the bottom, and at the top it is supplemented with a dense crown, which is obtained as a result of correct and timely pruning and regular pinching, which awakens dormant buds. If you try, even bonsai can be grown from euonymus.

Growing a plant

When growing euonymus at home, you should take into account the humidity of the ambient air in the room. With too dry air, the plant needs frequent spraying. The leathery leaves of the Bereskletovs in nature independently regulate their water balance, evaporating excess moisture through their stomata, and holding it in during prolonged heat. On the balcony, the plant will be “grateful” for a light “shower” that will saturate it with moisture and remove dust from the surface of the leaves.

Euonymus bushes need periodic pruning of shoots to form a beautiful crown. Pruning is best done in early spring throughout the growing season. The branches of the plant are quite soft and lend themselves well to biting, thanks to which experts give them any decorative forms. The most popular are bonsai-shaped euonymus. As some branches naturally dry out slightly throughout the year, corrective pruning is allowed. Weakened branches, only taking away the strength from the plant, are subject to inevitable removal. With the onset of spring, it is recommended to pinch young twigs in order to enhance the branching of the bush, creating a dense crown.

Bush transplant

Young plants (up to 3-4 years old) need to be transplanted every year, but for an adult euonymus, it is enough to change the place of growth once every two to three years (if there is no expressed need, then it can be even less often).

The transplantation procedure is performed in the following sequence: a drainage layer is poured onto the bottom of a previously prepared new pot (it should not be much larger than the previous one), after which the soil itself is poured. It is best to transplant into a mixture of sod and leafy soil, mixed with coarse sand and humus (in a ratio of 1: 2: 1: 1).

We must not forget that the soil for the spindle tree should be light and saturated with micronutrients. If you decide to transplant the plant outdoors, it is best to transplant in the spring.

Did you know? Euonymus is successfully used in medicine, and not only bark, but also leaves, branches and even seeds are used as medicinal raw materials. This plant has insecticidal, laxative, antimicrobial, antihelminthic, diuretic and antiparasitic effects.

Spread

The euonymus changes its color throughout the year, so summer residents love to ennoble their gardens with it. And in the wild, the tropics are practically not found.

In the subtropics and in temperate climates, this plant is a fairly frequent inhabitant of deciduous and mixed forests. Russia is rich in about 20 names of euonymus, found along the coast of the Crimea and the Black Sea.

In the European part of Russia and on southern Sakhalin it is found quite often. There are only about 200 varieties in the world.

Reproduction of spindle tree at home

Most often, the reproduction of euonymus occurs in a vegetative way (by green cuttings or by dividing a bush), however, in the case of indoor plants, seed reproduction is also often found.

Dividing the bush

In most cases, dwarf varieties of euonymus are propagated by dividing the bush. This is facilitated by the superficiality and horizontality of the root system, which gives new growth every year.

All that is required of you is to carefully separate the young shoots (along with part of the rhizome) from the mother bush, and then cut them 2/3 of the length and plant them in another pot. This procedure is absolutely painless for euonymus.

Cuttings

When grafting euonymus, you need to choose cuttings no more than 6-10 in length with one internode.

After that, the cut should be dipped in a special phytohormonal powder and the cuttings should be placed in a peat-sand mixture. Watering the shoots and covering them with foil, you just have to wait 2-2.5 months, and as soon as they take root, they can be transplanted to a permanent place.

Important! It is better to cut the cuttings in the first half of summer.

Often, indoor euonymus is also propagated by seeds formed in capsule fruits after the plant has faded. Within 3 months, they stratify at a temperature of about +3 ° C. This is enough time for most seeds to burst their seed skins. After that, they are cleaned of seedlings and placed in a solution of potassium permanganate (0.5%).

Seeds should be sown in shallow grooves (about 2 cm), and after 2-3 weeks you will see the first shoots.

Correct fit

A bush planting hole should be dug a few weeks earlier. Its size should be larger than the root ball of the plant. The earth taken out of the pit is mixed with compost, and the bottom is covered with sand. To get rid of acidic soil, you need to add slaked lime to the hole, about 200 gr. Then mix with humus.

When starting planting, you should straighten the roots, and evenly fill the hole with humus, carefully tamping the ground. This will help to avoid the formation of air gaps. The root collar of the shrub must not be covered; it must be left level with the ground.

If there are enough bushes available, you can plant them in a long trench. Then they can form a hedge on the site. In order for the planting to be successful, it is necessary to water the transplanted bush well for a week.

Diseases

Euonymus, like almost every deciduous plant, is attacked by all kinds of garden pests.Among them are aphids, apple moth, hawthorn, mealybug and many others. They are successfully treated with insecticides. It is necessary to spray the bushes not only and not so much in the spring, when all pests wake up and begin their activity, but in the fall, until the moment when they hide under the bark or in the buds. The winged euonymus is unusually attractive for insects. Gardeners' reviews note that if it grows next to fruit trees (for example, apple trees), then it helps to preserve the harvest. For some reason, all pests bypass the apple trees and settle only on the euonymus. In addition, there are fungal diseases on the plant, such as powdery mildew, mold. Their appearance is mostly promoted by improper care - excessive watering, constant dampness.

Choosing a landing site

Representatives of the Bereskletovye family do not grow in swampy areas located near closely lying groundwater. Lowlands are also unfavorable for them, where there is stagnation of floods or accumulation of rainfall. As a rule, in such places the plant withers and soon dies.

Those who are going to grow this plant in their garden should choose areas where the soil is loose and open to the sun's rays. Only in this case it will be possible to get a powerful bush. Planting winged spindle tree and caring for this deciduous shrub presupposes that the gardener has certain skills and knowledge. For example, if heavy clay soil predominates on the site, then it must first be diluted with expanded clay, sand and only then the seedling should be placed in the substrate. For a powerful spreading crown, the shrub will need an open area. Of course, winged euonymus can withstand slight shading, but in this case, the color of the crown will not be so bright.

Interesting Facts

Some plant species are gutta-perchenos. Gutta is found in all parts of the tree, especially in the bark.

Florists appreciate euonymus for its ability to heal and disinfect indoor air.

Caution! Euonymus is a poisonous plant, the substances contained in the leaves and stems negatively affect the work of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, when caring for it, you must use protective gloves. Do not allow pets to come into contact with the flower.

Semenov or Euonymus semenovii

• Evergreen plant of small height, up to 1 meter
• Differs in the creeping character of the crown
• Leathery foliage is oval in shape and up to 5 centimeters long
• Flowers form inflorescences in the form of umbrellas
• Stress-resistant appearance, easily tolerates low temperatures and shady areas

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Photo

The appearance of the winged spindle tree is shown in the photo below:

Photo of euonymus

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Plant use

The euonymus is distinguished by its healing properties. For medicinal purposes, branches and bark are used.

European euonymus fruits

The plant has a positive effect on the body and can help in a number of cases:

• Normalization of cardiovascular activity
• Prevention of diseases of the digestive system
• Blood pressure recovery
• Headache relief
• Increased potency in men
• Fighting helminths
• Treatment of fungal diseases of the skin, nails
• Is a laxative

Euonymus is a poisonous plant. Its use should take place only after consulting and prescribing a doctor. The patient must strictly adhere to the dosage.

In cases of overdose, the plant may have side effects:

• vomiting
• decreased performance
• convulsions

Representatives of the Bereskletov family are used not only in medicine. It is actively used in landscape design. Certain species are involved in the formation of hedges, flower beds and rocky hills.

Plant decorating the garden

Their bark is used in the chemical industry for the production of gutta-percha, an analogue of rubber. Certain types of wood are used for the manufacture of souvenirs and handicrafts.

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Seed propagation

Winged euonymus can be propagated by seeds. This action is carried out in the fall or spring. Autumn sowing is more convenient because the seeds are stratified in the soil on their own. When sowing in spring, they must first be stored for three months in a moderately cool place with an air temperature of about +15 degrees. After that, place in the refrigerator or in a place where the temperature will be slightly above zero. Before planting, it is useful to pickle the seeds in a solution of potassium permanganate.

The germination rate of euonymus is extremely low. To increase it, the seeds can be kept in a solution of succinic acid diluted according to the instructions for half an hour before planting. Seeds are placed in the ground to a depth of four centimeters, watered. If this is done in the fall and outdoors, for the winter the planting site is covered with spruce branches, straw, leaves. If sowing is carried out in boxes, they are placed in a cool room. The soil in these boxes should be moderately moist. Ascended euonymus are transplanted into the garden only in the third year.

What does euonymus look like

Euonymus is a shrub or tree no more than 1-1.5 m high. Shoots are long, can be both erect, and curly or drooping. The stems are tetrahedral, with opposite leaves of a monochromatic or variegated (up to 5-6 shades) color, which can vary depending on the season. The crown is thick, lush. The flowers of the euonymus are small, inconspicuous, of no decorative interest.

Exoticism to the plant, in addition to variegated foliage, is given by leathery bolls formed in place of flowers.

European or Euonymus europaeus

European Euonymus (Sherwood)

External description and features:

• deciduous tree or bush
• maximum height 7 meters
• square stem, due to cork growth
• the crown reaches up to 5 meters in diameter
• deep, branched root system
• in the fall, the foliage acquires a purple-red color
• fruits serve as the main decorative element, they are able to delight the owner all winter
• cross-shaped box
• not picky about the composition of the soil
• shade tolerant
• flowering begins in May-June
• hardwood

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Red cascade

Red cascade

• Tall shrub, up to 4 meters.
• Crown size up to 3 meters in diameter.
• It stands out for a variety of foliage shades in the autumn, from rich yellow to purple.

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Intermedia

Intermedia

• A special feature was the red fruits, which are large in size.

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Albus

Albus

• The plant is small in size with miniature, white fruits.

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Atropurpurea

Atropurpurea

• the color palette of foliage has a purple tint.

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Argenteo-variegata

Argenteo-variegata

• The foliage is highlighted by small white five-trees.

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Aucubaefolia

Aucubaefolia

• A feature of the variety was the presence of yellow spots on the foliage.

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Most popular species

To decorate a summer cottage, gardeners are guided by the size of the site, terrain features and individual preferences. The species diversity of the Bereskletov family allows you to choose the most successful plant.

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Types of euonymus with photos and names

Japanese spindle tree (Euonymus japonicus)

It is this species that is usually cultivated at home, while others are grown outdoors or in the garden. Japan is considered the birthplace of such a plant. Such a species, growing indoors, usually reaches a height of no more than 100 cm. The length of naked leathery dark green leaf plates is about 80 mm, their front surface can be shiny. The foliage is obovate, and the upper part is rounded. Greenish-yellow flowers are collected in 15-30 pieces in umbrellas. The length of each flower is about 10 mm. The bush blooms in the first summer weeks.

Thanks to the labor of breeders, a large number of forms of Japanese euonymus were born. If the bush hibernates in a room where there are working heating devices, then it must be systematically moistened from a spray bottle. For wintering, it is better to transfer it to an unheated room, which should be well lit. This species belongs to shade-tolerant plants.

Warty euonymus (Euonymus verrucosus)

In nature, the species can be found in the temperate latitudes of Europe and Asia. It is represented by trees (about 6 meters high) and shrubs (about 2 meters high). Brownish-black warts can be seen on the surface of the green stems. Flowering is observed only in the wild in the last spring or first summer weeks. The fruit is a pinkish-red boll, which ripens at the end of the summer or at the beginning of the fall. Inside the capsule are gray or black seeds, which are ½ part covered by an orange or pale red testis. In culture, this species is most popular, but it is grown most often in the open field. It is distinguished by its winter hardiness, shade tolerance and undemanding care. Cultivated either one bush at a time, or in groups.

European spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus)

This species is widespread in Europe. Most often it is represented by trees, but there are also shrubs, the plant height is about 6-7 meters. While the shoots are young, they are green, but over time their color changes to black. Cork growths form on the surface of the stems. Ovate leaf plates sometimes expand towards the apex, and sometimes towards the base. Leathery dense bare leaves are dark green in color, their length is about 10-11 centimeters. Flowering is observed in the last spring or first summer weeks. Greenish flowers are collected in several pieces in not very large inflorescences, peduncles are short. The bush blooms for about 20 days. The fruit is a four-leafed box of reddish or pink color, the seeds are covered with orange seedlings.

This species grows well in urban conditions and is distinguished by winter hardiness and drought resistance. It tolerates formative pruning and is often grown as a hedge. It is recommended to choose sunny places for this type.There are decorative forms that are more demanding in terms of care and growing conditions, in comparison with "wild" relatives.

Dwarf spindle tree (Euonymus nanus)

This species comes from the temperate latitudes of Europe and Asia. It is represented by an evergreen perennial shrub. The upwardly directed stems are about 100 cm long, while they are young, their color is green, but after some time it changes to gray. There are many warts on the surface of the shoots. The length of the narrow lanceolate leaf plates is about 40 mm, their seamy surface is pale gray, and the front surface is greenish. On peduncles 20 mm long, green or red flowers are formed, which can be single or collected in bunches of 2 or 3 pieces. The fruit is represented by a box, inside of which there are dark red seeds, covered by ½ part with orange seedlings. This very spectacular look is most often seen in parks and gardens. For its reproduction, they use the method of dividing the bush, cuttings, the seed method and rooting of shoots.

Winged Euonymus (Euonymus alatus)

Or sacred euonymus (Euonymus sacrosanctus). This is a Far Eastern species, in nature it is found in China, Korea and Japan. The height of such a highly branching shrub varies from 2 to 2.5 meters. Also, the view is represented by trees, the height of which is about four meters. The tetrahedral winged branches are still young - green, but over time they turn gray. Leathery to the touch, dense, shiny leaf plates are painted in a dark green hue and have an ovoid shape, and they expand towards the top. Small flowers are collected in bunches of 3 pieces. The fruit is represented by a box deeply divided into four parts, which, when ripe, turns bright red, inside it are seeds.

This euonymus is characterized by slow growth, the bush growing in nature is shade-tolerant, but when grown in culture, it needs a lot of bright light. The species is cultivated both in groups and as a single plant.

Semenov's euonymus (Euonymus semenovii)

The genus is represented by creeping shrubs, the height of which is about 100 cm. Elongated ovate leathery to the touch, greenish-yellow leaf plates have petioles, their width is about 20 mm, and their length is up to 60 mm. The edges of the small purple flowers are green, and they are collected in small umbrellas on the top of the stems. The bush blooms in the first summer weeks, while the formed fruits ripen at the end of summer. This plant grows and develops normally in both shaded and sunny locations. Possesses good winter hardiness.

Fortune's spindle tree (Euonymus fortunei)

The species is native to China, it is cultivated in the temperate zone. This is a ground cover creeping shrub. The easily rooting stems are rather long. Leathery, shiny dark green leaf plates are about 40 mm long and elliptical in shape, their edge is uneven. The color of the foliage may vary depending on the variety. Small flowers are colored greenish-white. The fruit is a flattened small box with seeds inside.

Layers and cuttings are used for reproduction. Most forms differ in foliage color and growing conditions. This plant is distinguished by the highest resistance to winter frosts, but all the same, the bush must be covered with a thick layer of snow or transferred to an unheated room until spring. During the period of active growth, it is recommended to keep the bush in a little shade.

Forchun's euonymus rooting (Euonymus fortunei var. Radicans)

Under natural conditions, the species can be found in Japan and in the south of Korea. The stems of such an evergreen shrub are creeping or climbing. The growth rate of the bush is average. The active growing season is observed from mid-spring to the first frost.As a rule, when grown in mid-latitudes, the bush does not bloom, but it can be easily propagated by cuttings. Differs in good winter hardiness, but needs good shelter.

Description of the plant

The height of the shrub is approximately 3 meters, the plant grows about 15 cm in a year. The bush has an interesting, unusual bark, cork wingsthat are at the edges of the shoots. This look gives the impression of airiness and lightness.

The leaves are arranged opposite, the leaf is shaped like an ellipse. On the outside, the leaves are green, and on the inside they are light. The length of the leaf is approximately 4 cm.

In autumn, the leaves change their color to purple with a red tint or burgundy.

The most active flowering time falls on May and June, blooms with unusually beautiful greenish-yellow flowers.

Unfortunately, these flowers are hardly noticeable when viewed from afar.

Fruiting euonymus in the autumn-winter period. When its leaves are still green, the fruits stand out especially beautifully against the backdrop of greenery. If you look at the bush from a distance, you might think that these are not fruits at all, but the flowers of a plant.

Its fruits are unusual original reddish shade and a leathery capsule, when ripe it takes on the color of a real tangerine. These bolls remain hanging on the branches of the plant much longer than the leaves themselves, and remain on it for almost the entire winter season.

INTERESTING TO KNOW! When the time is right and the leaves change color, the boxes burst at the seams, forming a kind of parachutes, under which the seeds hang like prashyutists. They are carried by the wind, so the plant reproduces. Its seeds are covered with a yellowish peel.

Only euonymus has such unique fruits. By the way, they are not as toxic as it is commonly believed, but still, they have poisonous alkaloids... In order for an adult to get poisoned by these fruits, they must be eaten in large quantities.

And since they taste unpleasant, it will be very difficult to absorb enough to get seriously poisoned. In small doses, the fruit causes vomiting and diarrhea. And who among the adults would come up with the idea to eat them? Here children can try out of curiosity, here it is necessary to look so that children do not taste them.

NOTE! In addition to the winged, there are several more varieties of euonymus: a unique Japanese, dwarf - ideal for growing at home, a beautiful European and unpretentious warty.

Fortune or Euonymus fortunei

Fortune (Moon Shadow)

China became the homeland of the species. General description and characteristics of the shrub:

• undersized, up to 30-60 centimeters
• creeping, curly
• spreading branches
• the main decorative element is variegated foliage
• bicolor leaf color
• small foliage with pointed edges
• small size of flowers
• large seed box
• the most cold-resistant species
• tolerates dry conditions

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Emerald Gold

Emerald Gold

• The foliage is distinguished by a golden border. Photophilous plant tolerates low temperatures well

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Harlequin

Harlequin

• The color of the leaves is white with streaks of cream or pink. It does not tolerate frost and is resistant to a lack of sunlight.

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Emerald Haiti

Emerald Haiti

• Green foliage with a white border can form a creeping carpet. High frost resistance.

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general information

To make the site beautiful not only in summer, but also in autumn, the so-called. decorative deciduous shrubs. With the help of these amazing plants, you can radically transform your garden, create a bright living hedge. A feature of deciduous crops is their ability to remain beautiful and green even when other shrubs and trees are melancholy with their withered leaves or even bare branches, provoking a bad mood.

Even in winter, many deciduous crops do not lose their beauty. Of course, in summer they are much more attractive than after the onset of frost. In this article, we will present a photo and description of the winged spindle tree - a plant that has been very often seen in Russian gardens for some time now. It will not only become a decoration of any site, but will also bring considerable benefit to the owner, due to its medicinal properties.

The appearance of the euonymus and its life in nature

The Bereskletov family contains about two hundred plants. They can be seen in almost all corners of the globe, excluding the extreme north. Wild representatives of euonymus settled in forests in temperate and subtropical climates, some, but their minority, settled in the tropics. 20 varieties grow on the territory of Russia.

Sahilinsky spindle tree in autumn fiery bright

In Latin, euonymus is called Euonumus, which means “glorious name”. For the similarity of leaves with laurel, the plant is also called a pseudolavr. And the name euonymus has Slavic roots. Our ancestors gave the plant many nicknames, here are some: brusclet, heather, privet, as well as wolf bast and wolf earrings. Associations with the image of a wolf appeared not by chance. The euonymus thickets form a dense undergrowth, the very thicket where predators are found.

Euonymus is a plant that is evergreen or sheds leaves in the fall. It can be an upright or creeping branchy shrub, miniature or large, tree about 5 meters. Adult shoots of spindle tree are covered with bark, and sometimes with wart growths. The section of branches in different species is very different, except for the usual - rounded, there is a tetrahedral.

Even a green euonymus looks very decorative.

The foliage of the euonymus is harsh, leathery, glossy, egg-shaped, the size varies from 2 to 5 cm. The color is from dark green to pale. In horticulture and floriculture, forms with colored foliage are common. Spots and strokes of whitish, yellow or cream color are scattered on the leaf.

Euonymus is prized for its motley leathery foliage

Euonymus, which lives at home, blooms extremely rarely. And bushes and trees growing in the wild usually bloom in May. The plant does not become more beautiful from this.

In spring, brushes of small flowers appear on the euonymus

Small inflorescences, whitish or yellow-green, are collected in drooping clusters and often smell unpleasant. And the fruits of euonymus, they ripen in early autumn, are very attractive.

Euonymus fruits are very attractive, but insidious, they contain poison

On thin peduncles, colorful boxes of incredible shape hang down. They can be scarlet, purple, burgundy-purple, with wings or thorns. But this appearance is deceiving - the fruits of the euonymus are poisonous, like all parts of the plant.

Treatment

The therapeutic properties of this poisonous plant were well known in ancient Greece and Rome. At home, alcoholic tinctures, decoctions and infusions are made from various parts of the plant.

During the period of fruit ripening, the plant is less dangerous and it is at this time that raw materials are collected. The healing effect is achieved due to many properties:

• Antihelminthic;
• Antiviral;
• Diuretic;
• Choleretic;
• Antiemetic;
• Laxative;
• Antispasmodic;
• Wound healing.

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Therefore, this plant has proven itself in diseases of the nervous system (headaches); cardiovascular (hypertension); cutaneous (eczema, acne); gastrointestinal tract.

It is often used externally for an antibacterial effect and getting rid of parasites (lice, ticks).

But still it is necessary to remember about the toxicity and try not to experiment, and it is better to consult a doctor.

Testimonials

This deciduous shrub has taken root well in our country. Landscape designers are especially fond of the undersized winged euonymus "compactus". Experts' reviews indicate that this variety perfectly combines several advantages at once: high decorativeness, unpretentiousness, ease of maintenance. And although spindle trees can be planted both in spring and autumn, most gardeners recommend working in early April. In this case, judging by the reviews, the plant takes root better.

Winged spindle tree, as many gardeners testify, being a frost-resistant plant, adapts equally well in any climatic zone. It grows well both in a polluted city and beyond. Therefore, this beautiful shrub can be found both in the composition of the lawn on the street of the metropolis, and in the country house or in the garden.

The soil

Grows well in clayey soils and sand, with the addition of lime. It is necessary to ensure that the ground around does not dry out too much, because this can destroy the plant.

In the fruiting period, organic and mineral fertilizers are recommended. In general, the soil should be sufficiently rich in micronutrients and well aerated.

Using

In recent years, we in Russia have begun to use winged euonymus quite actively in landscape design. It gives an annual growth of shoots of only 15 cm both in width and in height, and with age it stops growing altogether. This feature is beneficial and convenient for planting a plant as a hedge. Also, the same property of winged euonymus is used in topiary, that is, creating amazing compositions from its bushes by curly haircut.

Winged euonymus differs from its other counterparts by cork plates on twigs, which give the appearance of the plant something unusual. Due to this, it is often planted near walking paths, near gazebos.

Lush green in summer and enchantingly bright in autumn foliage of winged euonymus invariably attracts the eye. A bush or tree looks wonderful against the background of evergreen conifers, as the central decoration of rockeries and alpine hills. Euonymus is also planted in front of the facades of houses to emphasize the beauty of the building style.

Description of the species

Euonymus plant, which is also called "pseudo-laurus", belongs to the group of evergreen low trees from the Euonymus family. Today, the species is represented by 220 species that are common in all regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The birthplace of the tree is considered to be Spain, because it was there that the first member of the family was discovered. Many other species are found in Australia and South America.
Translated from Greek, the official name means "a tree with a glorious name." In fact, "euonymus" is one of the many nicknames that were used in the Slavic language. Among them there are also not very attractive ones, such as “privet”, “blind pot”, “volche bast”, “witch's earrings” and others. Such names are associated with the toxicity of the sap and seeds of the plant, which, if ingested, can be fatal.The fact is that the substances in their composition disrupt the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system.

The origin of euonymus is associated with a beautiful legend... There is an opinion that the tree was created by a sinister witch who wanted to punish people for their bad behavior. However, at one point, she softened her plan and made the plant medicinal, and she herself turned into a robin - a bird that eats the fruits of euonymus.

In its natural environment, the plant grows up to 3-10 meters in height. When kept indoors, the maximum flower height reaches 1-1.5 meters. Creeping and creeping species are very popular. Life expectancy reaches 60 years, so a beautiful plant will look beautiful and graceful for many years.

Blooming of euonymus in indoor conditions is seen very rarely.... And such a period is of no decorative value. Natural varieties have tiny inflorescences in the form of a brush or umbrella with a greenish-yellow or whitish color. It is very difficult to notice flowering elements on a tree. As for the breeding varieties, their snow-white, purple or pinkish flowers are noticeable in a special way. The flowering period in the natural environment begins in early summer. With proper care, the flower can bloom in the room, although this will happen in early spring.

Maak or Euonymus maackii

More often found in the territories of Eastern Siberia.

External characteristics and distinctive features:

• height up to 8 meters
• in autumn it is distinguished by the presence of spherical or pear-shaped boxes of pink color
• foliage turns purple in autumn
• photophilous, with a sufficient amount of sun color, it has the shape of a tree

How to care for a plant

The euonymus is distinguished by its masculine stern character. But, like any man, this bush cannot do without caring care. It includes watering and feeding, keeping the crown clean and trimming. Otherwise, your euonymus will become like a "neglected garden".

Water and feed

From spring to autumn, euonymus loves to drink plentifully. He's not too picky, but he still prefers more sophisticated drinks over chlorinated tap water. Rainy, thawed, filtered or at least settled lukewarm water. To determine the frequency, monitor the condition of the topsoil. Once dry, water.

In the summer heat, the euonymus will be delighted to be sprayed, but the water should also be soft and warm. You can even wash the plant under a mild shower. Do not forget to monitor the purity of the leaves, the dusty euonymus not only looks bad, but also develops slowly.

With the arrival of autumn cold weather, water procedures must be stopped. It is enough only from time to time to wipe the foliage from dust with a damp cloth. An exception is euonymus left in warm, hot rooms, they will suffer from dry air, and spraying will be appropriate.

The euonymus bush must be kept clean

Watering in the fall and winter should be limited. When kept cold, minimize. If the euonymus hibernates on a glazed balcony, it is practically not watered.

During the active growth of shoots and leaves, in spring and summer, the euonymus will well accept feeding. You can alternate between organic and mineral complexes, adding them to irrigation water every two to three weeks. Any fertilizer is suitable for ornamental-leaved plants; euonymus is not very picky. In winter, when he is resting in the cool, food must be stopped.

Cutting the euonymus

When kept in a room, euonymus practically does not bloom, its main thing is the advantage of a beautiful crown. Therefore, it requires regular trimming and pinching. Moreover, sometimes a useful haircut needs to be done more often than once a year. Euonymus responds very well to pruning.

Usually the bush is cut at the very end of winter. First of all, thin, elongated twigs are removed. To increase bushiness, pinch the tops of the shoots. Thus, they stimulate the awakening of the dormant lateral buds. If you want to grow a sapling, cut off the bottom shoots, leaving a bare stem and a lush “cap” on top.

Euonymus lends itself well to formation

In the summer, pinch the shoots regularly to improve branching. Perform hygienic pruning in the fall. Cut out weak, dry branches, if necessary, update the shape of the crown.

Skillful florists form various shapes from the crown of the euonymus. It can be given a spherical or conical or cubic appearance. Plants from which bonsai are grown are pruned according to special rules.

We provide peace

The resting time for the spindle tree is winter. Deciduous forms, even when grown indoors in the fall, change the color of the foliage, and then completely or partially discard it. In evergreen varieties, the leaves should be preserved. But with excessively dry and warm air, they can also fall off. To stop leaf fall, you need to lower the temperature in the room. You can put the euonymus closer to the window and cover it from the heat by placing an impromptu screen on the windowsill. Or, conversely, take it to the glassed-in balcony, insulating the pot.

Deciduous spindle trees, even at home, do not change natural habits, in the fall they change the color of the foliage, and then shed it

Already in November, watering the plants is gradually reduced, feeding is canceled - during rest it is superfluous. And the lighting of the euonymus needs to be bright in winter.

Care errors - table

Manifestation	Cause	Elimination
The leaves of the euonymus turn pale, their edges curl, the tips dry out.	Too much sun, too dry and hot air.	Protect the plant from midday rays. Humidify the air at high temperatures.
In spring or summer, the bush throws off its leaves and stops growing.	Waterlogging of the soil.	Adjust the frequency and volume of watering. The topsoil should dry out between waterings.
The plant sheds its leaves in the fall or winter.	For deciduous spindle trees, this is the norm. For evergreens, the air is too hot and dry.	Create cool wintering conditions. If it is impossible to lower the temperature, humidify the air, spray the euonymus.
In variegated euonymus, the crown becomes uniformly green.	The plant lacks light.	For forms with variegated leaves, bright lighting is very important. Move the plant to a more sunny place, arrange artificial lighting.

Difficulties in growing

A plant, especially an adult, may have problems from time to time.

Problem	Cause	How to fight	Prevention
Leaves fade, curl, edges dry	Too strong sun rays	Apply	Choose the best place
Leaves fade, curl, edges dry	Waterlogging	Let the earthy coma dry	Optimize watering regime
Leaves fall, the root system dies	Waterlogging	Dry the earthen lump	Optimize watering

Pot, soil, planting and transplanting

It is recommended to replant the euonymus annually, at the beginning of the growth period - in the spring. For young bushes, this procedure is mandatory, for adults over 5 years old - you can do it after 2-3 years. Euonymus is not capricious in the choice of soil. It develops well even in not very nutritious soil, it is more important that it is porous and light.

• Universal soil for indoor plants.
• Sod, humus and leafy land in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. Be sure to add coarse sand to the mixture.
• Sod land, peat and sand in a ratio of 3: 0.5: 0.5.

However, for the spindle trees, from which bonsai are formed, the soil should be denser and heavier. Part of the loam should be added to it. So the root system will be better anchored in a small volume of soil.

Choose a container for planting and transplanting a spindle tree not deep, but wide. Its roots are located near the surface, without going deep. For large bushes, it is better to take a ceramic pot, it is more stable and more actively evaporates moisture. If you want the euonymus bush to remain small, limit its growth to the size of the planting container. The more modest the volume of the pot, the slower the plant will develop.

When replanting euonymus, be careful, the plant contains poison

How to transplant euonymus at home

1. Before planting, sterilize a new pot by rinsing with boiling water, heat the drainage and soil substrate. Do not forget about safety measures when working with euonymus.
2. Put a 2-3 cm drainage layer on the bottom. Pour some soil on top, moisten it.
3. Remove the plant from the old pot and carefully, without disturbing the clod with roots, move it to the new one.
4. You can inspect the roots, if there are rotten ones, carefully remove them.
5. Gradually fill the earth ball with new soil, compacting the void between it and the wall of the pot. In the process, you can shake the container slightly so as not to leave empty areas.
6. Water the plant and place it in a slightly shaded place.
7. When the euonymus adapts, move it to bright light. Long stay in the shade is harmful to variegated forms.

Video: euonymus forchun is planted from a pot in a garden, how to distinguish a noble plant from cheap fakes

Or, when planting a spindle tree, you can abandon the traditional pot and try the original kokedama. This is a newfangled direction of bonsai, which was invented in Japan. "Coca" is moss and "lady" is a ball, that is, it is a ball-like lump of earth wrapped in moss. It takes years to grow a bonsai tree, and to make a kokedama, you need certain ingredients and two to three hours. Euonymus is a suitable plant for such an experiment.

Video: kokedama from euonymus

Warty or few-flowered Euonymus verrucosus

Widespread in Russia. External data and characteristics:

• height up to 2 meters
• superficial root system
• each shoot has bulging growths
• slow growth
• in the autumn, the foliage acquires a bright, multi-colored color
• lush crown
• colorful foliage does not fall off even with the arrival of winter, lasts longer than most plants
• unpleasant aroma during the flowering period
• ripe pink fruit in the shape of a box, from which black seeds are visible
• unpretentious, suitable for cultivation in the garden

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Agrotechnics

It is not in vain that landscape designers love winged euonymus - this plant is decorative, and not whimsical, not demanding on the soil, and its care is the simplest. Euonymus is planted in spring and autumn, although it is believed that a thermophilic plant takes root better in spring.

Winged euonymus is a frost-resistant plant that adapts well in any climatic zone, grows well both in a gas-polluted city and outside the city. Therefore, planting euonymus is justified both in urban conditions and in suburban areas.

Euonymus is the winged favorite of landscape designers.

What is the best place to plant it? Winged euonymus is a light-loving plant, but it grows well in a shaded place. Prefers neutral or slightly alkaline soil. If it is acidified, lime must be added to it. An important condition for the well-being of the plant is good aeration of the soil, it should be light, loose, and allow air and moisture to pass through well.

Therefore, for planting euonymus, you need to prepare a soil mixture from compost, garden soil, sand, lime, wood ash, humus. How to plant a spindle tree? We give a detailed description of this process:

First, you need to dig a hole of such a size that in volume it is twice the volume of the roots with a lump of earth.At the bottom of the hole, you need to make a 15 cm layer of drainage materials - expanded clay, fragments of broken red brick, gravel, gravel, coarse sand.

Now you can place the plant in the hole and cover it with the prepared soil mixture. Then you need to level the plant, compact the earth around the roots and water. The soil in the hole can be mulched with any suitable material - sand, sawdust, shavings, and we can assume that the euonymus planting was successful.

After planting and adaptation in a new place, the plant needs care, what is it? First of all - in watering. Winged spindle tree does not like moisture stagnation, and prefers moderate watering. The shrub needs a lot of water only after transplanting, during feeding and in dry summers.

Caring for a plant involves the obligatory loosening of the soil and weeding. By pulling out weeds from the roots, you, thus, will perform aeration of the roots of the spindle tree, which is essential for proper care of the shrub.

It is really better to weed by hand so as not to damage the roots with a metal tool - the root system at the spindle tree lies high and suffers greatly from mechanical damage.

Another important stage of spindle tree care is feeding. It is made at planting, as well as in early spring and in August.

Pruning of euonymus is performed in early spring, before the start of sap flow, removing frozen and dried branches, as well as branches that grow inside the bush. The winged euonymus hairstyles calmly, and since it does not grow very quickly, it retains its given shape for a long time, which the designers also like.

If in your area in winter there are frosts stronger than -25 degrees Celsius, in the fall you need to take additional care of the euonymus, namely, to cover the root zone with straw, dry leaves or dry grass.

Young seedlings planted in autumn require special careful care - they need to be wrapped with agrofibre, and the roots should be covered with the same materials.

What else does the proper care of winged euonymus include? Of course, pest and disease control. The plant is harmed by caterpillars, moths, aphids, mites, mealybugs and other pests. Winged euonymus suffers from gray rot and powdery mildew.

Gardeners have noticed that the euonymus is very attractive to insect pests of the garden, although the plant is considered poisonous. For this reason, it is used as a means to distract insects from fruit trees and bushes. Euonymus is a kind of trap for pests with fruits inedible for humans.

However, if the euonymus takes on the role of a trap in the garden and it is not necessary to spray it too often, then in the plantings to decorate the garden, the euonymus is cherished, and complex treatment is carried out against pests and diseases.

So: caring for euonymus consists of such actions as planting, watering, feeding, pruning and protection from pests and diseases.