Of all the species of the goose plant (and there are more than a hundred of them), only one is grown in Russia - narrow-leaved goose. Each nation has its own name for the loch tree: in Russia it is a lohavina or lohovnik, in Central Asia - dzhida or dzhigda, in Europe - an olive or olive tree. When growing a sucker, caring for the plant is not difficult, since this culture is unpretentious, very stable and easily recovers in case of damage.
Description of the plant
Loch silver or gumi is a deciduous shrub that looks like a tree. An adult plant grows to a height of two to four and a half meters, depending on growing conditions. During the growth period, it annually increases in height by 15 cm. In its homeland, in China and Japan, the presented plant is a familiar fruit crop.
Outwardly, the plant looks very impressive. Its description should be considered in detail. The plant has grayish-brown branches. The trees are covered with an openwork pattern and turn reddish by autumn. Well-branching shoots are covered with thorns up to five centimeters long. The ovoid leaves are covered with silvery scales and do not change color until they fall off in November.
In June-July, the sucker tree blooms with small creamy yellow tubular flowers, which are collected in the axils of the leaves in three pieces. Flowers have a pleasant aroma that attracts many pollinating insects.
Sucker begins to bear fruit in the sixth to eighth year. Its fruits are small oval berries with a large stone, at first silvery, and as they ripen, dark red with many silvery specks. They firmly hold on to long stalks and do not fall off for a long time. These berries resemble the fruits of an olive tree, which is why the plant is popularly called the wild olive.
What are the types of plants goof
Here you will find out what types of suckers are and what they look like.
There are over 40 species, mainly in Japan, China and Europe. In Russia, 1 species - Loch narrow-leaved, growing in the south and southeast of the European part and in Siberia.
Loch narrow-leaved (E. angustifolia). A large or asymmetric shrub or tree up to 6–8 m high and up to 4–6 m wide with a curved trunk and a spreading crown. The branches of the narrow-leaved oak are covered with thorns; the bark is shiny, reddish-brown.
It grows quickly, especially at a young age. Photophilous, drought-resistant, has a deep root system, perfectly withstands smoke and gas pollution in the air. The plant is quite frost-resistant; in the conditions of central Russia, sometimes only the ends of the shoots are frozen over.
Leaves of narrow-leaved oak lanceolate, white when blooming, later silvery-green or gray-green, do not change color. The narrow-leaved oak blossoms in June. Fruits are yellowish, sweetish or tasteless, ripen at the end of August. In nature, narrow-leaved oak is found along the banks of rivers and lakes in the south of the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, in Kazakhstan, Central and Asia Minor.
When describing a tree of this species, it is worth noting that it tolerates a haircut well, when planted "on a stump" gives abundant growth, which allows it to be used to create hedges. Propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering.Recommended for use in single and group plantings, on light edges, when creating contrasting groups (very decorative against a background of dark greenery).
The seeds are stored in wooden boxes on shelves. Germination is maintained for 3-4 years. Seeds germinate without prior stratification, however, with spring sowing, most of the seeds germinate the next year.
Goof silver (E. argentea). Large, wide, slow-growing thornless shrub up to 3–4 m high and up to 3–4 m wide. Leaves of silvery ovate, silvery on both sides, do not change color. The plant blooms in late May - early June. The duration of flowering of this species is 15–20 days.
The fruits of the sucker are silvery silvery, sweetish, ripen from mid-September. Due to the large number of offspring, the plant forms thickets. In nature, silver oak grows in the east of North America.
Winter-hardy, more frost-hardy than narrow-leaved oak, photophilous, but less drought-resistant. Unpretentious to soil conditions, grows successfully on sandy, highly podzolized sandy loam and loam. Resistant to smoke and gases. It withstands urban conditions much better than narrow-leaved oak. It tolerates transplanting and pruning well.
Propagated by seeds, cuttings and root suckers. When transplanting from a sowing department to a growing school, it needs pruning. Seeds are sown in autumn or spring after stratification at 1-10 ° C for 2-3 months. The embedment depth is 2.5–3 cm.
Popular forms of silvery sucker:
greenish (f. virescens) with green hairless leaves;
cultural (f. culta) with large green leaves on top;
prickly (f. spinosa) with thorny branches, wide elliptical leaves and small spherical or elliptical fruits.
Loch prickly (E. pungens). Evergreen densely leafy shrub up to 7 m tall with spreading branches covered with thick thorns. Often the prickly sucker develops as a climbing shrub, clinging to other plants or objects with the help of lateral branches. The leaves of plants are oblong-elliptical, shiny above, dark green, below - silvery-brown, wavy along the edge.
As you can see in the photo, the ripe fruits of this species are reddish, which gives a special charm to the plants during the fruiting period:
Homeland of the plant - Japan.
In the first years it grows slowly, rather shade-tolerant, unpretentious to the soil, drought-resistant. Mature plants can tolerate temperatures as low as -18 ° C without damage. Withstands city conditions well, easy to mold. Propagated by seeds and cuttings.
Loch prickly is a valuable shrub for landscape gardening in the extreme south of Russia. It is good in hedges and in a special, ball-shaped form. As a climbing shrub, it is suitable for decorating fences and walls.
Popular forms of prickly sucker:
Frederica (f. Frederisi) and spotted (f. maculata) - leaves are green at the edges and yellow in the center;
tricolor (f. tricolor) - leaves with large yellowish-white and pink strokes;
variegated (f. variegata) - leaves with yellow-white edging;
golden (f. aurea) - leaves with a dark yellow border.
Loch multiflorous (Gumi or Gummi) (E. multiftora). Fruiting thornless shrub up to 1.5-3 m tall. Leaves of the multiflorous oval oval or oblong-oval. Gum fruits are large, red, juicy, sour, on long, thin, drooping stalks; have a number of medicinal properties.
In nature, gummy or multiflorous oak grows in the forests of Japan and China. In cultivation, plants are highly valued both for their high decorative effect throughout the season and for a good harvest.
The plant grows from late April to early October. The growth rate is average.It blooms in June and ripens in August. The plant has high winter hardiness.
The multiflorous oak tree is very decorative throughout the season. Drought-resistant and winter-hardy enough.
Agrotechnical characteristics
The yield of silvery sucker at first does not exceed four kilograms, but after two years you can get annually up to 30 kg of berries from the bush. This result can be achieved by ensuring cross-pollination of plants. To do this, you need to have two or three gumi bushes on the site. The crop is characterized by early maturity and annual yield.
The root system of the plant is superficial. They are located at a depth of 40 cm. But in the horizontal direction, the roots grow one and a half to two times wider than their own crown. On the roots of gumi there are outgrowths formed by nodule nitrogen-fixing plants that saturate the soil with nitrogen. Therefore, the sucker is so undemanding to the quality of the soil. It can grow in the poorest soil.
Growing
Agrotechnics
Winter-hardy (good) and highly drought-resistant (excellent), almost not damaged by diseases and pests (good). Blooms in late May - early June, bears fruit in September, self-sowing (excellent), especially numerous on light, light soils. Very photophilous, undemanding to soil, although it grows better on rich sandy loam. It tolerates salinization and flooding, surpasses all tree species in terms of gas resistance. Takes a haircut well.
Loch angustifolia Planting care reproduction
Propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering.
Frost resistance
The silver oak tree is unpretentious. It is quite resistant to frost, with the exception of the upper part of young shoots, the wood of which does not have time to fully mature and freezes over the winter.
This property is compensated by the good restorative qualities of the plant and the ability to form many new shoots. To protect the bush from frost, its young shoots are tilted to the ground and fixed so that in winter the snow completely covers them.
You can also cover the shrub with spruce branches, straw, brushwood, dry leaves, or sawdust. It is important not to use dense materials for this - burlap or polyethylene. This can lead to damping and decay of the plant.
Loch narrow-leaved: description
The plant is a bush or a low tree (3-7 m), sometimes with thorns. For young shoots, a silvery-steel color is characteristic, for adults it is gray. Leaves of an elegant lanceolate-oblong shape with petioles, 5-8 cm in length. They have a decorative appearance: the upper part is gray-green, the lower part is silvery-white. In spring, the tree is covered with many small axillary flowers that exude a pleasant and rich aroma. Beautiful foliage, crown shape and fruits - this is what Jida berries are grown for in the gardens in August-October. In shape, they vaguely resemble sea buckthorn, but are more elongated and painted in a rich brown color. The fruits are especially popular in the east as a seasoning for a wide variety of dishes. They contain more than 40% sugar, including glucose, sucrose and fructose. In addition, there are minerals, organic acids, phosphorus, etc.
Pick up time and place
Since the wild olive is a light-loving plant, it should be planted in a well-lit area, protected from the cold north wind. Silver goose is able to feel great even on the side of a busy highway, as it easily tolerates smoke, dust and gas pollution.
The plant is not demanding on the composition of the soil. Just dig up the soil well before planting. However, if the soil is highly acidic, lime or dolomite flour should be added to it. Hard clay or too wet soil can be improved by adding sand to it.
Gumi can be planted both in spring and autumn. If you plan to plant several bushes, the distance between them should be between two and three meters.
Planning the planting of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden
When choosing the size of the area of the personal plot for the future orchard, it is necessary to take into account that while the trees and shrubs are still very small, they will take up little space. But after a while they will grow up and each fruit tree will need an area of 2 - 3 m2.
The quality and abundance of the future harvest largely depend on the structure of the terrain
, where a garden will be laid out. For example, if the site is located in a lowland, then it makes no sense to plan a future garden in this place, since due to constant moisture, trees and shrubs will rot.
Before you start planning your garden, you should consider the soil characteristics of the area. For a rich harvest the soil must be fertile
... It is she who will allow the root system of trees and shrubs to receive sufficient nutrition with minerals. If the soil on the site consists mostly of sand and clay, then the garden will subsequently look miserable and dull. To change the situation, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil, under which there is a fertile soil.
Also, the site must have sufficient access to light and heat. Some plant varieties like shade, others like sunlight. If the garden plot is located on the windy side, then it is better to enclose it with a fence that has the desired height.
To have a good harvest in the future, when planting fruit trees and shrubs the climate of the region of residence should also be taken into account
... If this is the middle strip of Russia, then it is best to plant:
- pears;
- apple trees;
- different varieties of cherries, cherry plums and plums.
In southern latitudes, it is wiser to plant cherries, apricots, as well as shrubs with small berries - raspberries, currants, blackberries, gooseberries.
Loch silver: planting and care
In order to properly plant a wild olive, you must first of all dig deep into the soil, remove debris, stones and other foreign objects from it and carefully level it with a rake. Then dig a landing hole half a meter deep and one and a half meters in diameter.
Lay drainage at the bottom - pebbles, crushed stone or expanded clay, and on top of it - humus or compost. Nitrogen fertilizers, double superphosphate and wood ash should be added to the soil to be backfilled. The seedling should be placed in a hole, deepening the root collar by five to six centimeters, and watered well. Mulch the soil surface with humus.
Rules and scheme for planting fruit trees and shrubs
How to plant a garden correctly? First of all, they start by loosening the soil, after which the planting pits are prepared. To do this, they begin to mark a rectangular zone on the site, which has a direction from north to south. In this zone, triangular areas with a right angle are marked and a hole is dug in each of them. Thanks to this placement leaves of garden plants will have better illumination
throughout the summer.
When planting fruit trees, the required distance between seedlings plays an important role. If you observe the correct spacing, then during growth the plants will not interfere with each other with branches, forming too shaded areas. Also, there won't be too many empty areas. At the same time, there is no universal scheme for calculating the distance between fruit trees.
According to the rules for planting fruit plants of dwarf breeds, holes should be dug so that there is a gap of 2 meters in the row and 3 between the rows, for semi-dwarf breeds there should be 1 meter more free space both in the row and between them. But for plums, apple trees, pears and apricots, even more space will be required (4 and 5 m, respectively), which is explained by their natural characteristics.
After the pits are marked, it is necessary to determine their depth and diameter. These indicators are affected by the type of soil on the site.For fertile soil, the standard dimensions are 50x50 cm, and on sandy and clayey soil, you will have to dig a hole 1x1 m in size.
Planting apple trees
Apple tree seedlings must be planted to such a depth that their root collar is 7 cm above the soil level. Plunging into a hole the roots should be straightened and carefully covered with earth
so that there is not a single gap. In order for the soil to be in tight enough contact with the root system, the soil must be compacted with your foot all the time.
Placing apple trees apart depends not only on the type of wood
, but also what the supply was made. If the plants are semi-dwarf species, then the distance between the holes in the row is 3 m and 4 m between the rows themselves. But if the apple trees are columnar, then the distance between the plants is much less and can be 0.7 - 0.8 m from each other. As a result, about 15 pieces are placed on a plot of 5 m2.
Planting pears
It is best to plant pears in the southern, western or southwestern part of the garden, since the root system of this fruit plant constantly needs moisture, and the crown does not like excessive heat.
Pear seedlings are planted in the fall in holes, which must be dug in the spring. However, if the site is located in a climatic zone where frosts in winter reach 30 degrees, then young stands may die. That's why planting pears in the spring is considered a more reliable solution
, because by winter the tree manages to grow up and get stronger enough, and the roots go deep into the ground.
A seedling pit must be made up to 0.5 m deep and up to 1 m wide, carefully loosening its bottom. The soil that is raked out of the pit should be mixed with peat and then put back into it.
Planting plums
This garden plant is usually planted in spring or fall. In central Russia planting plums is best done in spring
, because early frosts can lead to its freezing. The area of the garden where it will grow must be properly selected. Plum does not like it when groundwater is located close to the surface of the soil, it also has a negative attitude towards shaded areas and acidic soil. Pits for seedlings are prepared in advance, and the distance between them should be 3 m.The depth and width of these pits should be 60 cm.
Cherry planting
The most favorable time for planting this plant is spring. In order for the seedlings to take root well, you should choose a site with sandy, sandy loam or acidic loamy drained soil, which is well lit from all sides.
The spacing between planted trees of self-pollinated varieties is 3 m. If the cherry variety is cross-pollinated, then more than four different varieties should be planted in the garden. The depth of the planting holes should be no more than 60 cm, and the diameter - 80 cm. A peg is driven into the center, to which the plant is then tied up after dropping it. You need to watch so that the root collar is or at ground level
or rose 4 cm above it. Deeper planting can lead to decay of the tree.
Planting currants
The plant is planted in the garden in late August - early September. Planting shrubs has its own characteristics. Currant should be planted obliquely
, deepening in such a way that above and below the soil there are three buds. The rest is removed with a secateurs. If this is not done, then after the buds open and the leaves open, the bush begins to age prematurely. This is explained by the fact that the apical bud begins to draw out all the nutrients, as a result of which, due to a lack of nutrition, fruit twigs cannot form on the lateral branches, and the leaves will be located only at the ends of the branches.
Thus, in order to plant fruit trees and shrubs on a garden plot, you need to know certain nuances.It is possible to harvest a rich harvest only if all the positive and negative factors that can influence this are studied.
". Silvery and narrow-leaved sucker, two very close species, besides, they are characterized by polymorphism (according to the growing conditions and human influence, the size and quality of fruits and other external signs can vary greatly), among the people it is just a "wild olive". A very hardy and useful plant for anchoring slopes and sands, for shade on beaches, for feeding wild animals and birds.
Family suckers
Loch. The genus consists of 40 species of trees and shrubs. Homeland - Europe, Asia and North America. There are 4 species in the flora of the USSR.
Loch narrow-leaved
- Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Naturally grows over a large territory with a temperate climate from Europe to the Himalayas, in the USSR - in the Caucasus, Urals, Siberia and Central Asia. Small tree (up to 7m) or tall bush with thorny shoots. Leaves are lanceolate, up to 8 cm long, dark green above, silvery below. Flowers are small, yellowish, fragrant, arranged in 1-3 in the leaf axil, melliferous. Fruits are oval, edible, up to 1 cm long. Winter-hardy enough. In Moscow, it bears fruit, but freezes under severe winters. Photophilous. It grows well in urban conditions, since it is smoke and gas resistant. Transferring a haircut. Recommended for planting hedges, small groups and as individual trees. Meet
forms with large fruits -they are called inCentral Asiajidá, judá, jigidá - fruits are eaten.
The garden form of the sucker is cultivated -
Bukhara Jida
, which is a shrub, or small tree. Grown for the fruit (cover photo) - drupes 1 - 2.5 cm long, tart-sweet in taste.
The bones have a decorative striped color. Children make them beads
... Jida fruits are an inapplicable attribute of the oriental bazaar. Propagated by seeds.
Goof silver
- Elaeagnus argentea Pursh. Homeland - North America. Erect shrub up to 4 m high. Shoots without thorns. Leaves are elliptical, up to 10 cm long, silvery on both sides. The flowers are small, fragrant. Fruits are oblong, up to 1 cm in length. Winter-hardy. It grows well in Moscow, Sverdlovsk and a number of other cities with severe winters. Stable in urban environments. It tolerates smoke and air pollution well.
Recommended for planting in small groups, especially against the background of conifers
... Propagated by seeds.
so narrow-leaved oak tree with thorns
and. Fruits can be of different sizes and colors (polymorphism is a common thing, where there are thousands of years of tradition of selecting plants and natural methods for improving them).
Loch silvery - without thorns
.
Sea buckthorn
... The genus is represented by 3 types of small trees.
Buckthorn buckthorn
, or common, - Hippophae rhamnoides L. Grows wildly over a large area of Europe and Asia. In the USSR, it is distributed in the European part, in the Caucasus, the Urals and Siberia. The height of the tree is up to 10 m. Leaves are linear, up to 8 cm long, grayish. The flowers are small, inconspicuous. Fruits are round, up to 7 mm long, edible, used in folk medicine. Frost resistant. Withstands city conditions. It tolerates smoke and gas well. Not demanding on the soil. Photophilous. Recommended for planting in small groups, individual trees and for creating hedges. Can be used
for fixing slopes and ravines
... Propagated by seeds.
In Crimea, at one time it was in great fashion among summer residents, thanks to its healing properties. Sea buckthorn oil is really very effective against burns. However, self-seeding sea buckthorn does not spread in Crimea. Probably, requires special knowledge
for leaving.
Loch narrow-leaved (jida), its economic and medicinal properties
A small tree or shrub of the Loch family, 3-7 m high.The bark is shiny or brownish-brown, the branches are supplied with large spines. Leaves are alternate, elongated-elliptical, entire, green above, greenish-silvery below. Blooms in May - June. The flowers are fragrant, lemon yellow inside, silvery white outside. The fruit is an oblong-oval drupe. Ripens in September.
The narrow-leaved oak tree is widespread in the Caucasus and Central Asia. It grows along the banks of rivers, lakes and in the oases of the mid-mountain zone. In Crimea, on sand, on clay cliffs and landslides along the Black Sea and the Azov Sea, on disturbed and waste lands by self-seeding.
Gum
Loha is used for cotton printing, book printing, making glue, paints and varnishes, bark - for dyeing fabrics in brown and black colors and for tanning leather.
Wood
goes to the manufacture of musical instruments.
Leaves
are food for goats, sheep and camels.
Fruit
eaten fresh and dried as a seasoning for main courses. You can cook from them
flour, bread, confectionery, marshmallow, syrup and kvass
.
Medicinal raw materials
leaves, flowers and fruits serve. Leaves are harvested in the first half of summer, flowers - during flowering. Leaves are dried under a canopy or in a dryer at a temperature of 4 ° ... 5 ° C, flowers - no more than 40 ° C, fruits in the usual way.
Various parts of the loch contain flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, gums, cyclitols, catechins, vitamin C, phenolcarboxylic acids, essential oil, carbohydrates, tannins, and steroids.
Loch preparations show hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, diuretic, antipyretic, astringent, antihelmintic and expectorant action
... The sum of coumarins, flavonoids and alkaloids exhibits
antibacterial
action in relation to pathogens of the typhoid-paratyphoid group.
Fresh leaves of the plant are applied to purulent wounds to relieve inflammation and speed up the healing process. The dressings are changed every day. A decoction of dry leaves is prescribed for colds and severe fever. They rinse the mouth in case of inflammatory processes. Poultices and lotions are used for radiculitis, rheumatic and gouty pains. For inflammatory diseases of the stomach and colon, the decoction is used internally.
Flowers in the form of tincture and infusion are used in diseases of the upper respiratory tract, to enhance the activity of the heart muscle, in hypertension and as an antipyretic agent.
Fresh juice is effective for malaria and high blood pressure.
Loch fruits are used for diseases of the upper respiratory tract as an expectorant. The broth has a positive effect on diarrhea of any origin, indigestion, inflammatory processes in the small and large intestines and toothache.
The fruit tincture is used as an astringent, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic agent. Tincture of seeds is used for fever and skin rashes.
To prepare the broth, 30 g of fruits are poured with 1 glass of hot water, boiled in a sealed enamel container in a water bath for 30 minutes, filtered hot through two or three layers of gauze, squeezed out and brought to the original volume. Store in the refrigerator for no more than 2 days. It is taken warm, 2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day before meals.
The infusion of flowers is prepared at the rate of 6 g of raw materials per 1 glass of hot water, boiled in a sealed enamel container in a water bath for 15 minutes, cooled for 45 minutes, filtered, squeezed and brought to the original volume. Take 1/3 cup 3 times daily before meals.
The flower tincture is prepared with 40% alcohol or vodka in a ratio of 1:10, kept in a warm place for 10 days. Take. 10-20 drops 3 times a day
Of more than 50 species of trees and shrubs of the genus Loch, only one grows on the territory of Russia - narrow-leaved. Its garden form is also known as the dzhida Bukhara tree.An ornamental leafy plant with tasty and juicy fruits is thermophilic and cannot be grown everywhere.
Top dressing and watering
Immediately before planting the plant, the soil can not be fertilized, with the exception of extremely poor, depleted soils. The next year, you need to introduce top dressing, including 8-10 kg of compost, 100-150 g of wood ash and 30 g of double superphosphate per bush. In the summer, it is better to feed the silvery sucker shrub with mullein or bird droppings diluted in water.
During the dry season, the olive tree needs 30-40 liters of water per square meter. After watering, the soil should be mulched so that the moisture does not evaporate.
In the conditions of our country, the sucker is not susceptible to disease and pest attacks. Only occasionally, from an excess of moisture, the fruit can be affected by gray rot. To prevent this disease, the plant and the soil under it are treated with a solution consisting of 50 g of soda ash and 50 g of soap per 10 liters of water. Or use a solution containing 150 g of soap and 20 g of copper sulfate per 10 liters of water.
Loch Chilean (plant): photo and description
More than 40 species of this deciduous shrub are known. Some are small trees. The short-petiolized leaves of the plant can be silver to dark green in color. Small, tube-like flowers of the sucker have a delicate, pleasant aroma.
The yellow inside and outside makes this plant extremely interesting. The elongated small fruits of the sucker resemble sea buckthorn berries. The root system of the shrub is shallow and spreading, it is characterized by a high nitrogen content, which it is able to accumulate throughout the life of the plant.
Pruning
The wild olive produces a large number of root shoots, which must be disposed of in order to prevent impassable thickets around the plant and to maintain its neat appearance.
Pruning of the silver oak tree includes the removal of shoots that have frozen during the winter in the spring, and also makes it possible to form a crown like a standard tree. In addition, plants that have reached the age of fifteen should undergo cardinal pruning in order to rejuvenate. This can extend the life of the plant by ten or even fifteen years.
The timing of planting fruit plants in the garden
Since most of the seedlings are currently grown using a special technology in special containers, the time of planting garden trees can vary widely. However, most gardeners traditionally believe that garden crops can only be planted in spring and autumn. During this period, such plants are usually planted, which grow rapidly in the spring.
It can be:
- currant;
- gooseberry;
- winter-hardy varieties of apple and pear trees.
Planting garden plants in the spring is more preferable in the northern and central regions, since in this case the frosty winter will not be able to harm the young seedlings. We are talking about such fruit trees as:
- sweet cherry;
- plum;
- apricots;
- cherry;
- non-frost-resistant apples and pears.
It is necessary to plant plants in the spring as early as possible so that the buds do not have time to bloom. In this case, the pits should be prepared in advance, in the fall.
Reproduction
Gumi reproduces in different ways:
- dividing the bush;
- root suckers;
- seeds;
- layering;
- cuttings.
The easiest way is to propagate a wild olive by layering, taking advantage of the plant's ability to root branches lying on the ground. This planting is carried out in the spring. To do this, choose the strongest and healthiest from the lower branches, lay them in the ground, fix them, add them in drops and periodically water them a little. After three months, the cuttings form roots. It can now be shared with the mother bush just before planting in its permanent location.
Seed propagation is also not difficult. For planting, seeds are used that must be collected this season. It is best to sow them in the fall, from September to October. For the winter, crops should be covered with humus, sawdust or other materials.
Seeds of silver sucker can be planted in spring, however, their germination will be slightly less. Before spring sowing, the material must be stratified within three months at a temperature of +10 degrees.
Care, reproduction, planting, properties
Attention! Landscaping design of cultivated areas should take into account the specificity of the plant. Pruning is a procedure that creates conditions for abundant growth. A feature of the shrub is the possibility of germination of shoots at a distance of more than 5 m from the place where the mother bush is located.
The shrub has unique qualities, thanks to which it itself is able to improve the condition of the soil areas of the place of growth.
Dividing the bush, root-type processes, layering and seeds are options for breeding a bush. New plants are most easily obtained through the process of separating the root shoots.
If you sow seeds, then the most optimal period for this is late autumn. For the formation of cuttings and division of the root, it is better to choose spring. Seeds that are stored for no more than 2 years have high germination rates. Sowing seeds is recommended to be carried out in the same year when they were harvested. The seedlings do not require much maintenance, but they do feel the need for regular watering. There are no difficulties with transplanting young growth.
Planting offspring is a simple and practical breeding option. The correctness of the work is determined by the sequence of actions:
- Dig a planting hole, lay pebbles and other stones on the bottom to form a drainage layer.
- Pour a layer of a fertile mixture created from organic fertilizer, sand and humus on top of the drainage.
- The shoot is deepened into the soil nutrient mixture by 7 cm.
- Water the planted plant, and mulch the planting site with humus.
- Care is simple: do not allow the earth to dry out and carry out formative pruning.
Despite the excellent indicators of frost resistance, young shoots should be sheltered from the winter cold using non-woven materials, as well as spruce branches or brushwood.
Landscape decoration
Silver loch is an unusually beautiful plant. Its unusual, metal-cast leaves that retain their color until the very frost, abundant flowers with a pleasant aroma, bright, long-lasting fruits make this shrub incredibly attractive at any time of the year. Even in winter, gummi pleases the eye with its lush, gracefully curved branches. That is why silver goose is so prized in landscape design.
It is used to create contrasting color spots against the background of plants with golden or reddish leaves, as well as against the background of conifers. These color combinations are invariably pleasing to the eye.
A wild olive hedge is both powerful and graceful. It is easy to care for: once formed, it does not have to be pruned often. Groves, created exclusively from sucker bushes, look great on the site.
Wild olive in landscape design
The homeland of the decorative handsome man is recognized as the space of North America. For domestic regions, it is determined by a plant with exotic and excellent adaptive characteristics. Despite the need to discard the foliage, the ability of the wild olive to form numerous branches, forming a density of graceful lines, is used to create decorative compositions.
In the design of landscape spaces, loch is used to form single and group plantings, the effect of which depends on the presence of contrasting spots. At the same time, the decisive role in its use is played by the criteria: shape, growth, attractiveness of foliage and fruits. The silvery color of the leaves is appreciated as a unique backdrop that makes the vibrant color combinations of other plant elements even more dramatic.
A shaping haircut is one of the ways to control overgrowth and the ability to create an image of an object in accordance with the chosen design solution of the transforming spaces.
Beneficial features
In addition to aesthetic pleasure, wild olive has many beneficial properties. The fruits of this plant are a whole storehouse of useful micro- and macroelements, vitamins, amino acids and other substances necessary for the human body. Due to this, traditional medicine widely uses the loch as an antimicrobial, antibacterial, antihistamine, antiparasitic and general tonic.
Gumi fruits are also used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, tinctures and extracts from the roots - as a sedative. Decoctions from the leaves are used in the treatment of colds, fever, rheumatism, gout and sciatica.
In China and Japan, in the homeland of this plant, sucker berries are considered the fruits of youth and longevity. They are also used to prevent sclerosis. All medicines prepared from different parts of gumi have no contraindications, since they do not contain allergens and toxic substances.
Loch: description and meaning of the name of the plant
Loch is a small decorative tree of the Loch family. There are evergreen and deciduous species of shrubs, most of them are thorny. They grow in Asia, North America and Russia. Silvery shoots and large green leaves with petioles, which turn bright yellow in autumn, give the plant a special beauty.
In spring, the sucker throws out single or bunched yellow-green flowers. They are very fragrant, honey-bearing and attract bees. The fruits of the plant are red-pink, oblong, with a stone (drupe). The sweet pulp can be eaten.
It is easy to grow such a tree.
Loch is not picky, loves light, survives well in arid areas, does not require special soil.
The plant got its Latin name from the Greek term "elaiagnos", which includes two words: "elaia" - berry, olive and "agnos" - the tree of Abraham. So the goose was named because the trunk, leaves and berries of the plant are very similar in shape and color to the olive tree.
In different countries, the shrub is called differently. In Japan - gummy, in India - pshat, and in the countries of Central Asia - jida, jigida. The Europeans call the plant a wild olive, and the Russians call it a shady tree, a silver tree.
The berries of the plant are widely used, which contain many valuable microelements:
tanning compounds (tannin); protein complexes; carbohydrates (glucose, fructose); potassium, magnesium (salts); organic acids; vitamins C, E.
The rich composition of the plant determines the beneficial properties of the sucker:
Normalizes digestion. Strengthens the heart and blood vessels, reduces the risk of heart attacks. Has a sedative effect on the body, soothes. Removes parasites from the body. Normalizes the work of the nervous system. Promotes wound healing. Tones up, strengthens the immune system.
The leaves of the loch contain a large amount of ascorbic acid, which strengthens the immune system. Therefore, tea made from dry raw materials is useful to drink during the period of seasonal colds. A fragrant essential oil is obtained from the flowers.
Loch honey plant
In addition to all of the above benefits, this plant is an excellent honey plant. The honey obtained from its flowers not only has a unique taste, but is also extremely useful. Medical studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of this composition on the state of blood vessels and the functioning of the brain, on the functioning of the liver, as well as its anti-inflammatory, cleansing and restorative properties. And just like other medicines, this honey does not cause allergies.
Growing places
All trees and shrubs from the genus Loch are thermophilic plants. The area of their growth is wide enough: Eastern Europe, Asia, Iran. In Russia, they can be found in the Caucasus, in the Altai Territory.The jida tree feels most comfortable in a desert climate, near the banks of rivers and lakes. In its natural habitat, it forms dense thickets. The plant is absolutely unpretentious to the soil, resistant to drought and hot winds. It transfers saline soil, with abundant filling with sand, it begins to form additional adventitious roots.
The tree is great for cultivation. Resistant to polluted air, dust, soot, it takes root not only in gardens, but also in city parks. You can create a hedge out of it, since it can be easily pruned, it begins to bear fruit and bloom early (from the 3-5th year of planting). The developed strong root system allows the Jida tree to be used as a waterproof soil-strengthening plant.
Care
The requirements for fertilizing are not too high for the plant. Loch Chilean is enough to feed only once a year. In the spring, work is usually carried out to form a bush. Dry branches are cut and shortened - those that spoil the appearance. A rejuvenating haircut should be done no more than once every 15 years.
In hot dry periods, it is worth watering the Chilean Loch. The plant does not need to be watered too often. But a bucket of water every 10 days will help him to endure the heat without sacrificing decorativeness. The trunk circle must be shallowly loosened to remove weeds and mulch after watering.
Loch propagates by seeds and vegetatively. For spring sowing, seed stratification is required for 3-4 months.
Traditional medicine recipes
Funds based on narrow-leaved sucker are quite popular and are used in folk medicine for the treatment and prevention of various ailments.
Infusion of fruits
For 6 hours, insist half a glass of sucker fruits chopped in a meat grinder in 2-3 glasses of cool water, strain, and brew the remaining mass with two glasses of boiling water and mix everything. Consume a couple of tablespoons before and after meals three times a day for digestive problems.
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Decoction of fruits or dry leaves
Boil 30 g of fruits or leaves with a glass of boiling water and simmer for half an hour in a water bath, then strain hot through several gauze layers, squeeze and bring the volume to the original. Drink warm before meals, 2 tablespoons three times a day for inflammatory diseases of the stomach and colon. This broth can be stored in the refrigerator for a maximum of two days.
Infusion and tincture of flowers
It is used for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, for strengthening the heart muscle, for hypertension and as an antipyretic agent.
6 g of flowers are poured with a glass of hot water, insist on a water bath for a quarter of an hour, after squeezing and straining, bring the volume to the original. Take a third of a glass of infusion before meals three times a day.
To get a tincture from the flowers, take 40-degree vodka, pour the flowers of the sucker at the rate of 1:10 and keep it warm for 10 days. The tincture is taken orally 10-20 drops three times a day on an empty stomach.
Seed tincture
She prepares in a similar way. Drink seed tincture with skin rashes and feverish conditions.
Hemorrhoids are treated with the fruits of the sucker, pounded together with the leaves of the plantain. The leaves are applied to stop blood from open wounds and are also used to treat non-healing wounds and ulcers.
Contraindications
Loch narrow-leaved is contraindicated in:
- kidney failure;
- fever of unknown origin, with a body temperature of more than 40 degrees;
- individual intolerance;
- allergies.
Children under 12 years old can only use boiled fruits of the sucker, and medicines based on this plant are contraindicated for children. Pregnant and lactating women can only use loch after consulting with their doctor and under his strict supervision.
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Application features
The plant is used in various fields. In most cases, to obtain a therapeutic effect. Silvery goose is used in cosmetology, to obtain essential oils in aromatherapy. There are certain substances in each part of the bush. Based on this, leaves, flowers or bark are used for a specific purpose.
In folk medicine
Loch silver is popular for its astringent properties. It is used to prepare remedies for diarrhea. Decoctions have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Effectively help in the presence of helminths and inflammatory processes of the gastrointestinal tract. Leaves and fruits are suitable for this.
The shrub is suitable for the treatment of colds and viral diseases. It has an effective antipyretic effect. Since the plant has an anti-inflammatory effect, it is recommended to use it to relieve pain of various etiologies. At different ages, it is suitable for external use for rheumatism and radiculitis.
Decoctions from flowers have a wound-healing effect. They are also used for hypertension, edema, colitis. The largest amount of nutrients is found in fruits.
With regular use, it improves memory, tones the body. It has a therapeutic effect on the functionality of the cardiovascular system. The fruits have a pleasant taste. They are often used to make jams and drinks.
Tincture for gargling
The leaves of this plant are great for relieving inflammation in the mouth, throat, and respiratory tract. They are used to prepare various tinctures and decoctions. For cooking, you will need 1.5 tbsp. l. crushed leaves and 200 ml of boiling water.
It is necessary to infuse the broth for 30 minutes. After that, it is used for rinsing and ingestion. Can also be used for bronchitis.
Tincture for hypertension
For the treatment of hypertension, plant flowers are suitable. To prepare a medicinal decoction, you need to take 100 g of dried flowers and place them in a glass vessel. Then fill them with 1 liter of quality vodka.
It is better to choose a vessel with dark glass that is hermetically sealed. It is necessary to insist 30 days. Drink 20 drops in diluted water beforehand.
Decoction for respiratory diseases
For viral diseases, a decoction of berries will help. For cooking, you need 30 g of berries and 250-300 g of water. Boil the broth for 5 minutes. After that, it should stand for 2 hours. Strain and drink the broth 2 times a day, 120 ml.
Decoction against worms
In the presence of helminthiasis, it is recommended to take a decoction from the berries of this plant. To prepare the broth, you need to take 2 tablespoons of the fruit and pour 250 ml of boiling water over them. It should be kept in a water bath for 30 minutes. After the broth has cooled down, add the same amount of warm water. Drink 30 ml warm before meals.
The maximum number of uses is 4 times a day. The finished broth must be stored in the refrigerator. It is important to take into account that if nausea occurs during the period of application, then the broth can be drunk only after meals.
Broth for washing wounds
Since the silver goose has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, its fruits are used to treat wounds. For cooking, you need to take 2 tbsp. l.fruits and pour 200 ml of water. The mixture should boil, and then brew for another 5 minutes. Leave the drink on for 2 hours and use to treat wounds.
Poultices for rheumatism
The pains of rheumatism are very severe. In this case, the leaves of this plant are used to reduce pain. You will need about 100 g of chopped leaves.
They are steamed for 15 minutes. After that, small pads must be formed from them. They are applied to the site of pain for 30 minutes. Discard these pads after use.
Febrifuge
In order to obtain an antipyretic effect, it is necessary to prepare a decoction from the berries of the bush. It is prepared very easily. Any recipe listed in the previous paragraphs can be used.
The only difference will be its shelf life - only 2 days. If you need more, you should prepare a new one. Flowers and leaves can also be used to reduce the heat. They are added to the fruit and a decoction is prepared. You can take 50 ml, 3 times a day until the symptoms disappear completely.
In cosmetology
This plant has a rich composition. Most of the substances make it useful for use in cosmetology. Means prepared on the basis of silvery loch can be used to eliminate skin rashes. They also eliminate inflammation, nourish the skin with vitamins and microelements.
Flowers are great for preparing essential oils, which are later used in perfumery. At home, you can prepare a useful decoction for bathing and washing.
For 1 liter of water, take 2 tbsp. l. dry mix. It is poured with hot water and left to infuse for 1 hour. When the infusion has cooled down, it is necessary to filter it and can be used for washing.
In aromatherapy
An essential oil is made from flowers. It is used to prepare various products that are used in aroma lamps. Not only flowers, but also leaves have a pleasant, delicate aroma. They are also used to make various oils. They make different sachets from flowers and leaves.
Application in design
Due to the decorativeness of the leaves, silvery sucker can be used as a revitalizing element for many compositions. Plants are planted alone and in groups.
- Create expressive hedges by carefully trimming shrubs and controlling root growth.
- Landings visually expand the space thanks to the openwork crowns.
- The shrub enlivens the cool and austere wall of coniferous stands. Looks especially interesting with blue spruce trees.
- It is harmoniously combined with deciduous shrubs and trees, which have leaves with purple and golden hues.
- Silver goose is a wonderful backdrop for flower beds where purple, blue, pink or white flowers are planted.
- The Mediterranean style is recreated in our latitudes, using the similarity of the narrow-leaved oak tree with olive trees.
- In late autumn and winter, the decorativeness of the shrub is supported by the original silvery fruits and a distinct graphic pattern of the branches.
Chemical composition
Some herbalists collect the loch berries from the jida tree throughout the summer, harvesting them for future use. Healers have long known that fruits are a real vitamin bomb, an excellent natural healer.
The berries of the jida tree contain vitamin C, glucose, fructose, calcium, triterperne glycosides, PP vitamins, triterpenes, kempfenol, magnesium, which calms the nervous system, sterols and coumarins. Jida berries also contain:
- B1 vitamins - 0.02 mg;
- B2 - 0.04 mg;
- B5 - 0.9 mg;
- active beta-carotene - 30-40 mg;
- myricetin and kempfenol are known plant flavonoids.
The energy value of the berries of the jida tree is only 34 kcal per 100 g, they contain only 0.1 fats, 0.2 proteins and 7.9 carbohydrates, so the fruits are shown even for people who are overweight. Getting better on a date diet of jida berries is, in principle, unrealistic. But improving your health is easy.
In Central Asia, it is considered normal to eat 10 to 15 jida berries per day to maintain normal blood pressure. Several months of such delicious "loho-therapy" bring the pressure back to normal, it does not rise for a long time. The fruits of the jida tree lower bad blood cholesterol, and the beneficial properties remain in the fruits even when dried, in stems and leaves. But the record holders in terms of value of everything that the jida tree “produces” is the berries of gum, dates or suckers.
Places and conditions of growth
This plant is found preferably in the forest-steppe and steppes, as well as on the river banks of the European part of Russia, in the Ukraine, in the foothills of the Caucasus, in Central Asia, Siberia and Kazakhstan, where whole thickets of shrubs grow.
As an ornamental and fruit plant, the narrow-leaved oak is bred in parks and gardens, as a result of selection, this culture has rather large fruits. Its silvery foliage adorns the parkland.
The narrow-leaved oak grows rather quickly, about a meter annually. After 4 years, pubescent side shoots of a silvery color appear. Propagated by cuttings, seeds and branches.
Narrow-leaved oak tree - Jida tree: the whole truth about the wild olive
A small tree of the Lokhov family is common in China, Japan and Europe. There are many species - about 100, but one of them grows on the territory of Russia - narrow-leaved Loch. Moreover, it is found only in the southern European part of our country, as well as in the Caucasus, the Urals and Siberia. We know this garden plant under the name Bukhara jida.
In the description of the plant, it is called ziziphus, Chinese date, unabi, wild olive, sucker and a dozen other names!
It is grown for its fruits - sweet and tart hard terracotta berries. The tree is unpretentious in care, grows well on different soils, does not require a lot of moisture, and is frost-resistant. On Russian sites it is not often found, but in China, its homeland, it occupies a leading place in gardens as a valuable fruit crop and medicinal plant.
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Where is it found?
The homeland of the Indian sucker is the Indian subcontinent. This tree-like shrub was revered in ancient China. The locals considered him a tree, possessing magical properties... It was believed that it has certain magical properties that can give strength and rejuvenate the body. It came to Russia initially from the island of Sakhalin, where it was brought by settlers from Japan. There they planted him around their homes.
Some social media users search for the Chilean goose plant in a search engine, but unfortunately, this variety does not exist.
There are many other members of the sucker family:
- Narrow-leaved... Distribution: southern regions of the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and the region of Central Asia, the countries of the Caucasus.
- Multi-flowered... Found in Japan and China.
- Silver... Natural habitat eastern regions of North America.
- Barbed... Japan is considered the homeland of this species.
- Umbrella... In its natural environment, it can be found in the eastern part of Asia.
In Kazakhstan, in abandoned areas it is capable of forming thickets - "tugai forests". Its habitats are confined to the steppe and forest-steppe zones; also, the sucker plant prefers the banks of rivers. The shrub is undemanding to soils, it can grow on saline, poor soils. Heat-loving. Hardly tolerates frosts and severe winters.
There are about 40 varieties of representatives of the sucker family. The tree can live up to 60 years and grow up to 10 m.
Using
The Chilean Loch is very popular for creating topiary groups and hedges. He easily tolerates cutting and bush shaping. The color of the leaves allows you to choose contrasting plants for it. The uniqueness of the shrub allows you to create unique ensembles from a combination of conifers, deciduous and herbaceous plants.
Some varieties of sucker have thorns. Planting such plants in an area where there are small children should be done with caution.
The loch's needles are very hard and sharp. The shots may be too painful. In addition, the sucker is an excellent honey plant. Therefore, bees who have chosen it can be dangerous for young children.
Care features
Despite the fact that the sucker is an unpretentious plant, it still requires some care. The plant is quite sensitive to weeds, and therefore, you should regularly monitor the cleanliness of the soil near the plant. Annual feeding, which is produced with organic fertilizers, is also welcome. Consumption - about 20 kg or more per plant. You can add superphosphate (up to 500 gr.), Potassium salt (about 200 gr.).
Old branches should be pruned annually (usually in spring). Upon reaching the age of 15, it is necessary to rejuvenate the plant by removing about a third of the old branches.
In autumn, the branches of the prickly sucker, like other plant species from the family, must be tied up with a rope or pinned with hooks and, having laid them, put on top of them tops, raspberry shoots, brushwood, and so on. To prevent damping out, you should not cover the plant with burlap or other dense materials. After the winter period, the shoots of the sucker quickly recover.
With proper care, the plant can grow for 25 years with good fruit.
Loch: description, common types, use of the plant in traditional medicine
Loch is a tree-like thorny shrub that has a number of useful properties used in various spheres of human activity. Musical instruments are made from its wood, leaves and bark are suitable for tanning and dyeing leather, gum is used to prepare glue. Loch is a good honey plant and a unique medicinal plant, which also has nutritional value.
The most valuable, from the point of view of traditional medicine, are its fruits, although flowers, leaves, bark and resin are also used for medicinal purposes. The fruits of this shrub contain proteins and carbohydrates, tannins and dyes, organic acids, phosphorus and potassium salts. The leaves contain vitamins E and C, and the flowers contain essential oil.
When harvesting raw materials, the leaves are harvested in the first half of summer, flowers - in May and early June. They are dried under a canopy or in special dryers at a temperature not exceeding 40-50 ° C. The finished raw material can be stored within two years, after which it loses its useful properties.
Procurement and storage of raw materials from silvery sucker
Almost all parts of this shrub can be used to make blanks. Initially, you need to determine the time to collect flowers. They begin to appear between May and June. During this period, you can collect not only flowers, but also leaves located after them.
June is the period of summer in which the leaves of the plant are harvested. Fruit collection should be carried out closer to autumn. The process must be observed and the fruit must be picked as it ripens. To collect raw materials, it is recommended to choose shrubs with fewer thorns. This does not affect the quality of the raw materials. It's just that it will be more convenient for a person to collect it.
You can dry raw materials in the same way as other herbs. There are special dryers for this. Finished workpieces can be stored for no more than 2 years. In this case, the flowers are stored for 1 year.
When this period ends, the raw material begins to lose its useful properties. When collecting, it is necessary to monitor the quality of fruits, flowers and leaves. It is not recommended to use rotten, damaged, unripe berries. Flowers and leaves can be stored in cloth bags in a dry place. Decoctions and tinctures are stored in the refrigerator.
Silver loch belongs to useful and safe shrubs. It can be taken in large quantities for a variety of purposes. Funds from it help against various diseases and pathologies.
The only contraindication is allergy or individual intolerance. For deyam, you can only use a decoction of dried fruits. The beneficial plant has a pleasant aroma. In any case, it is not recommended to self-medicate. Before use, it is better to consult a specialist or doctor.
Description of the fruit of the sucker
Jida berry with a very dense greenish pulp contains sucrose, fructose, organic acids, phosphorus and potassium salts. However, the greatest value is the huge content of vitamin C, for which the fruit was nicknamed the southern rosehip.
Small fruits are so rich in ascorbic acid that 100 grams of pulp is almost a 20-day norm of the body's need for a vitamin (about 2000 mg, with a daily requirement of 100 mg).
In addition to vitamin C, fruits contain vitamin P (up to 1200 mg per 100 grams of pulp with a daily requirement of about 50 mg).
Both vitamins C and P work great in pairs. Flavonoid (P) enhances the effect of ascorbic acid (C). And that's not all the beneficial substances. Along with vitamins C and P, the pulp contains B vitamins (B1, B2, B5), trace elements - iron, iodine and cobalt, copper and manganese.
The fruit has a sweet-sweet taste, the flesh is firm, almost firm, not juicy, crunchy.
Photo gallery
In the first years it grows slowly, rather shade-tolerant, unpretentious to the soil, drought-resistant. Adult plants tolerate temperatures down to -18 ° C without damage. The plants of this species of sucker withstand well the conditions of the city, are easily formed. Propagated by seeds and cuttings.
Loch prickly is a valuable shrub for landscape gardening in the extreme south of Russia. It is good in hedges and in a special, ball-shaped form. As a climbing shrub, it is suitable for decorating fences and walls.
The prickly goose deserves a special description of the following forms:
Frederica (f. Frederisi) and spotted (f. maculata) - the leaves are green at the edges and yellow in the center.
Tricolor (f. tricolor) - leaves with large yellowish-white and pink strokes.
Variegated (f. variegata) - leaves with yellow-white edging.
Golden (f. aurea) - leaves with a dark yellow border.
Loch multiflorous (Gumi or Gummi) (E. multi-ftora). Fruiting thornless shrub up to 1.5-3 m tall. Leaves of the multiflorous oval oval or oblong-oval.
Pay attention to the berries of this species of sucker - they are large, red, on long, thin, drooping stalks:
Landing
The planting of the prickly sucker, as well as of other plant varieties, is carried out in the spring, since during the autumn planting, the seedlings that have not gained strength by that time die.
A well-lit place is chosen for them. The distance between the seedlings should be at least 1.5 meters, otherwise, with a strong growth of the crown, the plants can shade each other. When choosing a planting site, the composition of the soil should also be taken into account. For heavy non-fertilized soil, you will have to additionally use fertile additives.
In summer, mulching with humus or peat should be done, and in case of hot weather, slurry should be used as top dressing.
Loch prickly
The plant reaches a height of 7 meters. It is an evergreen deciduous shrub with spreading branches covered with short thick thorns. Another feature of this variety is the frequent appearance of shoots with side branches directed downward, due to which the sucker clings to various objects and plants. Its elliptical shape leaves a dark green hue in length up to 10 centimeters. They shine beautifully in the sun. Due to its ability to cling to any object, this species can reach a height of up to 10 meters.
The sucker flower, exuding a rather strong aroma, has a golden hue in the middle, and the petals are silvery-white on top. Bunches of inflorescences consist of two or three flowers.After flowering, greenish-brown fruits appear first, which acquire a beautiful red tone as they ripen. For such an unusual color and for its unpretentiousness, the plant is revered by landscape designers, who use it mainly to create hedges.
Sucker prickly is a shade-tolerant and drought-resistant plant, unpretentious to soils. It can withstand frosts down to -18 ° Celsius. As noted above, a plant that perfectly takes root in urban conditions is widely used by humans in the design of park and garden plots.
Diseases and pests
The shrub is unpretentious to care for, it is almost not attacked by pests and diseases. You rarely see:
- filpostiktosis;
- fusarium;
- cancer;
- drying out.
Filpostikosis affects foliage. Rounded gray and white spots appear first. Over time, they grow larger. Diseased leaves wither and fall off, they must be destroyed immediately.
Aphids cause harm to the tree. In isolated cases, a multi-berry leaf beetle or bedbug, rose and fruit leafworms, a penny bun, a weevil, an earthen flea, a 28-point potato ladybug were seen on the plant.
Aphids most often affect the tops of young shoots. After a while, the pest does less harm, since it is destroyed by natural enemies. For example, a lacewing. To get rid of aphids, you can use the preparations Fitoverm, Trichopol, Aktofit and others.
Methods for preparing jida
Loja fruits can be eaten fresh and processed.
Ripe berries picked from the tree are simply eaten throughout the day. Compote made from fresh berries has healing properties. The drink helps even with a hangover. However, you can also make preparations for the winter.
In addition to berries, a healing effect will be brought by the flowers of the tree and its leaves. Flowers are harvested during the flowering period, when all the buds have opened, and the leaves - at the beginning of summer, when they have not yet lost their virgin freshness.
To speed up the drying process, both flowers and leaves are dried in the oven at a low temperature (not higher than 60 degrees C).
If possible, it is better to dry the fruits naturally - in a warm place under a canopy (not in open sunlight). Berries are laid out on a pallet in one layer. Before drying, they must be washed with running water, since trees and shrubs in the garden are sprayed against pests and fungal diseases.
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What is made from fruits
- Jam (does not have a particularly interesting taste. Sweet, no sourness), the same applies to jam.
- Candied fruits and jelly (used in confectionery for decoration, they do not bring a healing effect).
- Flour (ground dried berries are used in baking - they extend the storage of bread).
- Sun-dried fruits (can be used for cooking compote, added to baked goods, or eaten in several pieces for general health).
- Homemade wine (it has a pleasant taste and delicate aroma).
Success secrets
One of the advantages of Loch is unpretentiousness, he needs minimal care. Young plants need to be protected from weeds, mature ones successfully suppress their "neighbors" themselves.
Prolonged drought negatively affects the decorative and fruiting of this representative of the flora. The shallow root system cannot independently extract moisture from the soil. Therefore, during the growing season, the plant is moderately watered and mulched.
In the spring, Loch is fed with organic or mineral fertilizers that do not contain nitrogen.
After wintering or leaf fall, pruning is carried out, removing damaged, weak, overly long shoots. Rejuvenating pruning on the stump is required 10-15 years after planting.
Bushes and trees are frost-resistant, however, young, and in regions with snowless winters, it is recommended to provide adult plants with shelter.
Meaning and application
The wood of this tree is used to make:
- musical instruments and furniture;
- used in folk medicine;
- in landscape architecture.
The leaves and bark of the plant contain tannins, and therefore it is used for tanning and dyeing leather and fabric.
The fruits of the plant contain many salts of phosphorus, potassium and organic acids. Therefore, they can be used to improve memory. Also fruit-based preparations have a beneficial effect on the entire heart system.
Several recipes
The berries of "Russian olives" or Bukhara jida are used in cooking. For example, flour is prepared from it - this is very fashionable among fans of a raw food diet and, in principle, followers of a healthy lifestyle. Housewives in Central Asia make jam from it, which is added to pies. There are sweet soups with berries on Taman - desserts are made from ripe fruits, removing the seeds. The busiest housewives can simply freeze the berries, and then brew teas with them or pick already dried jida berries to make light decoctions with them. There are dozens of recipes for making berries. Here you are free to fantasize at your own discretion.
The main rule for all residents of Central Russia is to collect fruits in ecologically clean places.
Parks away from highways, backyards where there are few cars. Better yet, plant a tree in your personal plot: Jida takes root everywhere, does not require maintenance. But all summer, the beginning of autumn, you will enjoy pleasant and tasty fruits that will nourish you with strength and health for a long time.
Loch species
The most famous and common plant species:
- prickly goose (native to Japan);
- umbrella (common in East Asia);
- silver (found in North America);
- narrow-leaved (growing places - the south of Russia, the Caucasus and Central Asia);
- multiflorous oak tree (common in Japan and China).
Can I grow in a garden
The following types of shrubs are usually grown on the garden plot:
- narrow-leaved;
- multi-flowered;
- umbrella.
Their fruits are eaten, decoctions and infusions are made. The narrow-leaved berries taste like the fruit of a palm tree. The umbrella shrub is very prolific. The berries are juicy, they can be used in any form. The most exotic is the multi-flowered variety. The fruits are sour-sweet, reminiscent of a mixture of apples, grapes, currants and dogwood.
The tree can be planted to improve the properties of the soil, it gives decorative effect to plantings, responds well to crown formation.
general description
Most often, the sucker is a not very tall tree with a spreading openwork crown or a shrub. This plant is not tall, but occasionally there are specimens reaching a height of 8 meters or more.
The branches are gray-brown. Leaves grow in length from 3 to 10 centimeters. Flowering, during which the branches are densely covered with fragrant flowers, occurs in May, June and July. In August, fruits appear that are edible and tasty. In terms of their chemical composition, they are quite rich, but people rarely eat them, since they have a large bone and little pulp. Among these plants there are varieties of "cacti". Below is a more detailed description of them.
