How to grow broom in your garden: Species and reproduction- Review + Video

Broomstick reminds us of the importance of caring for personal well-being at all levels of existence - physical, mental, emotional and spiritual. The month of the broom, at the very end of the Celtic year, serves as a time for summing up, a time for general cleaning, getting rid of unnecessary trash and bad habits. The broomstick serves as a symbol of the benefits that the cleansing of the filth of our thoughts and actions brings. In addition, the broom advises to pay attention to our dreams.

The Russian broom (Cytisus ruthenicus) is a synonym for the Zinger broom (Cytisus zingeri).

Broom (Cytisus) is a genus of the legume family with 30 to 50 plant species. They grow in the Mediterranean region and in Central Europe. The name of the broom comes from the Greek "kytisos" (the name of one of the alfalfa species).

Description of broom

The broom (bean) is a shrub that can grow up to 3 m in height. Green bark covers the entire area of ​​its stem, which hardens over time. On the surface of the twigs, you can find slight pubescence and weak streaks of a silvery color.

Elastic shoots of a young plant are turned to the ground due to the fact that a large mass of greenery bends fragile stems. Three oval lobes form a leaf plate, united specimens can be found at the top of the broom. The leaf reaches a length of 4 cm.

Plant characteristic

Plant height reaches about half a meter or maybe even three meters. The leaves are arranged alternately. They can grow in pairs on one cuttings or one at a time. Stipules are also found in some species.

On the surface of the leaves, looking closely, you can find fluffy villi that are gray. Inflorescences are collected in a brush and are located at the very top of the stems. The shade of the petals here will be yellow, sometimes purple. There are times when colorful shrubs are also found. The plant is an excellent honey plant. In addition to the formation of flowers, the plant bears fruit, in the process of which the beans ripen with a large number of seeds inside. As they ripen, the fruits crack and the seeds fall out. The seeds themselves have a shiny shell and are flat in shape.

Broom species

Breeders have bred a variety of species and varieties of broom, among which there are frost-hardy, emitting a strong aroma, dwarf and versatile shrubs, prized for their ability to quickly adapt to the environment.

Transfer

If you are replanting the broom to another location, then the same rules should be followed that were applied to the first planting of the plant. A planting pit is preliminarily prepared, which should be spacious and free for the root system of the plant. A prerequisite is a high drainage layer and the preparation of the above-described soil composition. Do not forget to add fertilizer to the soil mixture. After completing all the preparatory measures, the broom is carefully dug up and moved to a new planting hole, keeping a clod of earth. The remaining space must be covered with prepared soil and tamped.

Popular varieties

Among such a variety of shrubs, almost every gardener will be able to choose the most suitable one for growing.

Preparing for winter

After the flowers have fallen, it is necessary to cut off all the branches of the shrub, but it is advisable to leave the lignified part. During the onset of severe cold weather, young shrubs must be covered, since, unlike adults, mature bushes, young seedlings can freeze in winter. Plants must be covered with peat or just earth. The branches should be carefully cut and attached to the surface of the ground, fixing with some kind of device. From above, the bush covers with spruce branches or a large layer of leaves. Covering material can be used. Using material as a cover, it is necessary to fix it near the ground with stones. If the plant is old enough, there is no need to cover it.

Broom planting and care

In order for the plant to please the gardener with a beautiful appearance, high growth rates and abundant flowering, it is necessary to provide proper conditions for the broom, which does not stand out for being particularly whimsical among other shrubs.

Landing terms and rules

Planting seedlings in open ground is carried out in the spring. The place should be well lit and protected from strong gusts of wind. It is preferable to plant in slightly acidic soil equipped with drainage. The most advantageous option is sandy loam soil. It is undesirable to plant near water bodies, since the poisonous elements that make up the plant can harm aquatic inhabitants. You must first prepare a mixture with which to fill the holes for shrubs.

It should contain:

• Sand;
• Sod land;
• Humus.

The recommended mixing ratio is 2: 1: 1.

The mass needs to be mixed well on the eve of the rash, and a little mineral fertilizers can also be added to it.

When planting, it is important to maintain a distance of 30 cm between seedlings. When digging a hole, the presence of an earthen coma should be taken into account. Providing good drainage (20 cm) will help prevent moisture stagnation and root decay. For sandy loam soil, a layer of 10 cm will be enough.

Landing procedure:

1. Place the seedling in the hole;
2. Cover the free edges with the prepared mixture;
3. Tamp the soil;
4. Moisturize;
5. Cover wet soil with a small amount of organic material in a layer of 5 cm.

Watering

Watering is carried out as the soil dries up, it should be abundant. In rainy seasons, you can limit the frequency of humidification, and it should also be reduced at the beginning of autumn. It is necessary to use settled water, since the lime contained in it will harm the broom. It is important to regularly weed the area and loosen the near-trunk circle of the shrub 10 cm deep.

Top dressing

The plant should be fertilized:

1. Nitrogen, urea in the spring;
2. A mixture of superphosphate (60 g) with sulfuric potassium (30 g), diluted in a bucket of water;
3. Wood ash (300 g per 1 bush) with a slowdown in the development of a bush.

Broom care

Broom prefers bright diffused light, some direct sunlight can be allowed, but only in the morning or evening, shade from midday rays. Feels good at windows of south and southeast orientation (with shade from the midday sun), but the best location is east and west windows.

In summer, the plant is recommended to be taken out into the open air (balcony, garden). He is provided with diffused lighting and well ventilated. If it is not possible to place the plant in the open air, then the room itself where the broom is located should be well ventilated.

In the autumn-winter period, the broom also needs bright diffused light.

In spring and summer, the optimum air temperature for the broom is around +18 .. + 25 ° С. In the autumn-winter period (from November to February), the plant has a pronounced dormant period. At this time, it is advisable to lower the temperature to +8 .. + 10 ° С, when kept in warm conditions (above +16 ° С) the plant gets sick. From March, the plant is brought into a warmer room.

The broom is watered abundantly in the spring and summer, as the topsoil dries up. In the autumn-winter period, especially with a cool content, watering is moderate, careful, in order to avoid acidification of the soil. Watering is desirable with water containing lime.

The broom loves high air humidity, so in spring and summer it is recommended to regularly spray the plant, you can put the container with the plant on a pallet with wet expanded clay or peat. In the case of a cool winter, spraying is done carefully.

The broom is fed during the period of active growth once every 2 weeks with full mineral fertilizer. In autumn and winter, the plant is not fed.

The growth rate of the plant is moderate, three-year-old plants reach a height of 40-60 cm, at the same age they bloom for the first time. After flowering, the plant is pruned to avoid exposure. To enhance branching, the tops of young shoots are pinched.

The broom is transplanted as the container is filled with roots after the end of flowering. A mixture of sod-humus earth and sand (2: 1: 0.5) is used as a substrate. For large plants, a small amount of lime is added to the substrate. Provides good drainage. It is recommended to use wooden tubs or boxes for an adult plant.

Broom broom (Cytisus kewensis). <>

Transplantation and reproduction of broom

The process of transplanting a plant does not differ significantly from planting and is carried out as follows:

1. A hole is prepared for the shrub, which is 2 times the size of its root;
2. The bottom of the hole is covered with crushed stone, broken brick or expanded clay (drainage);
3. On the eve of the extraction of the bush, the soil is prepared;
4. The plant is placed in the prepared hole and sprinkled on it.

Seed propagation

At the beginning of autumn, you can collect seeds from beans and plant them in a special soil mixture that includes sand and peat in equal proportions. The seeds must be immersed in the soil by 0.5 cm. To create a greenhouse effect, cover the container with polyethylene and leave in a warm, dark place. Ventilate and spray regularly.

When the sprouts acquire leaves (at least 2), they should be planted in different pots filled with special soil consisting of the following components:

• Sand;
• Sod land;
• Humus.

In the spring, it is necessary to transplant young plants into larger containers. After that, pinching is carried out so that lush foliage forms on the bush in the future.

Planting in open ground is carried out after 2 years, by which time the shrub should have grown to 0.5 m.

Cuttings

In the summer, you can harvest cuttings by cutting off shoots that have already hardened and acquire 2-3 leaves. Then the seedlings should be cut in half and planted in a pre-prepared soil mixture.For successful rooting of cuttings, it is necessary to create suitable temperature conditions for the shoots and spray them regularly. After 1.5 months, the rooted seedlings should be planted in separate containers. After 2 years, the plant can be planted in open ground.

Reproduction by layering

In the spring, you should select the branches growing from below and place them in the grooves under the bush, sprinkling with a small layer of soil. Then you should feed and water the branches, and with the first cold weather - insulate. In the spring, layering can be deposited.

Diseases and pests of broom

Broom moth - spraying with chlorophos (0.2%) at the first appearance of a moth on the leaves.

Broom moth - treatment with organophosphate or bacterial insecticides, as well as their mixture.

Powdery mildew - on dormant kidneys, treatment with copper sulfate (5%), in summer, regular treatment with foundationol, copper-soap liquid, colloidal sulfur (0.8%) alternately.

Black spot - on dormant kidneys, treatment with iron or copper sulfate; in summer, spraying with basezol, polycarbacin (0.2-0.4%), copper oxychloride (1%), captan (0.5%), Bordeaux liquid (1%) or other preparations of your choice.

Early broom (Cytisus praecox). <>

Mr. Dachnik recommends: useful properties of broom

Paniculata Zharnovets is known as a wonderful honey plant and is also valued for its medicinal qualities. For example, in order to prepare a medicinal infusion, pour 1 tsp. crushed plants with cooled boiled water, insist and strain.

Indications for use:

• Tuberculosis;
• Jaundice;
• Liver disease;
• Cough;
• Headache.

It is recommended to take it twice a day, however, before use, you should consult with a specialist to clarify the dosage. Contraindicated for menstruation and individual intolerance.

Description of the plant

Broom bushes or trees reach a height of 0.5-3 m if not pruned. The shoots are protected with a green layer of wood. There are species that have a short pile or a silvery pattern instead of a smooth bark. Young specimens have flexible branches. They lean towards the ground due to the heaviness of the foliage and flowers.

The broom genus consists of a group of deciduous and evergreen species. The foliage sits in regular order on short stalks. The plates are three-lobed, painted in a rich green tone. At the top, the leaves often grow together into a single whole. The size of the plates is about 3-4 cm.

The plant blooms in early summer. Inflorescences remain on the bushes for one month. Varieties have also been developed that dissolve the bud heads shortly before the formation of leaves. Small cluster inflorescences originate from the axillary part of the foliage and are located along the entire shoot. Spongy buds smell good. The color of the flowers is predominantly white, cream, yellow or pink. The calyx, formed from delicate petals, looks like a bell or tube. The size of the flower is about 2-3 cm. A long stamen with an ovary sticks out in the center of the calyx.

When the pollination process ends, the bushes bear fruit in small-seeded pods filled with tiny beans. The walls of the pod burst, and many achenes spill out onto the ground.

Alkaloids are found in the tissues of the broom. This substance, when inhaled in large doses, has a negative effect on the body, so it is better to place the plant away from animals and children. After contact with leaves and flowers, be sure to rinse your hands.

What are the medicinal properties of Broomstick

Broom is used as a decoction for headaches, migraines, tuberculosis and as a diuretic. Leaves, flowers, and also a stem have healing properties. Flowers and leaves contain a large amount of vitamin C. And the broom stem itself contains valuable substances: lupanine and hydroxylupanine. The broom is harvested throughout the entire flowering period.

How to make a decoction of broom

You will need a teaspoon of dry broom. It must be mixed with four glasses of warm water for an hour, then strain. Take no more than one tablespoon three times daily after meals.

Pruning

Bushes that bloom in the spring on wood of the previous year are pruned immediately after flowering, taking care not to touch the old wood. C. nigricans, which blooms in the current year's growth, can be deeply pruned in the spring, before new growth begins, also taking care not to touch the old wood. After flowering, cut off the faded parts of the stems. Try to do with minimal pruning, because after pruning, the plants become less elegant and bloom less abundantly. This is especially true for undersized brooms, which only need a light cut to maintain the shape of the bush.

The most common varieties

In nature, the broom bush has several varieties. Classification by type:

1. Broom broom has green glossy branches, which in May-June are covered with numerous yellow flowers.
2. Russian broom is a fairly popular ornamental shrub, growing up to 2 meters in height with an abundance of yellow moth flowers.
3. Spanish gorse, or Spanish broom, is a lush shrub, covered with racemose inflorescences of very fragrant yellow flowers all summer.

Watering and feeding

Watering and feeding the broom must be done in a timely manner. Water the shrub abundantly and as the topsoil around the trunk is completely dry.

Attention! Hybrid broom varieties need more watering than species plants.

But it is worth noting that an adult plant tolerates drought well enough. If it rains quite often in summer, then watering may not be required. It is more difficult for this plant to survive excess moisture than lack of moisture.

After watering, it is imperative to loosen the soil and remove weeds at the same time. Loosen the soil around the trunk to a depth of 12 cm.

For abundant flowering and growth, the broom also needs systematic feeding. The first feeding is carried out in the spring, and the second in the middle of summer. In the spring, the shrub is fed with fertilizers with a high nitrogen content, for this, a urea solution is watered around the trunk (30 g per 10 l of water). In the middle of summer, it is necessary to fertilize the plant with fertilizing containing phosphorus and potassium.

With slow development of the bushes, additional feeding can be done. Spread no more than 300 g of wood ash evenly around the trunk circle.

Description and photo of broom

Broom (Cytisus battandieri) is a moderately hardy semi-evergreen shrub, very decorative. The broom genus includes more than 50 species of shrubs or trees. The bush has large inflorescences. Rakitinica flowers are yellow (as in the photo), yellow-white or purple. Also pink and red. The aromas are different and light, pleasant, and quite specific. Some flowers even smell like pineapple. The crown of the plant is dense. There are poisonous among the brooms. Some have thorns. About 15 species have been introduced into cultivation.

They usually bloom in early summer, good honey plants.

Landing mechanism

Despite all the unpretentiousness in care, the broom is very sensitive to transplantation. Careless handling of the rhizome or overdrying it can lead to the death of the plant. Bushes older than 3 years are not recommended to be touched at all, since in most cases they do not survive "moving" to a new place.

The soil for the broom should be well oxygenated and moderately fertile. It is advisable to add complex mineral fertilizers to it before planting the bushes - standard ones sold in any garden and summer cottage store. For the preparation of the substrate, compost, peat, fine-grained sand (preferably river), turf soil are taken in proportions of 1: 2: 1: 1.The soil should have a slightly acidic PH - 5-6.5. Small pebbles or chipped red bricks are used as drainage.

Drainage material 10-20 cm thick is poured into the prepared hole. Its level in the planting hole depends on the quality of the soil - the denser the soil, the thicker the drainage. Then a soil substrate is laid, in which the seedling is placed in such a way that its root boundary is practically on the surface of the earth. After backfilling and compaction of the earth, the plant must be watered abundantly, and then well mulched. The last stage is done so that a sufficient degree of moisture remains around the seedling, and weeds do not grow.

If several bushes are planted at once, then a distance of 30 to 50 cm is observed between them. The size of the distance depends on the variety, age and level of development of the deciduous crown of the seedlings.

When buying seedlings in specialized stores, you should pay attention to the root system of the plants. It must be closed and not damaged.

Diseases

The broom is considered to be very resistant to disease. Problems often arise due to excessive watering or, on the contrary, too dry soil.

But sometimes various pests can attack the broom - moths, worms, moths. In this case, it is necessary to use special medicinal solutions to treat the plant. All solutions can be purchased at the flower shop. Prophylactic solutions can also be used

The broom will be a wonderful decoration for any garden. It is not for nothing that landscape designers like to use it in their work. The plant is bright and unusual. Even if you are an inexperienced florist, it will not be difficult to grow a broom.

Basic rules of care

In order for the broom to feel as comfortable as possible in the garden area and to please with lush flowering, it is enough to follow a number of agrotechnical rules:

• Watering. With a sufficient level of natural precipitation, additional moisture is not required. During dry periods, watering should be done abundantly, but not too often.
• Top dressing. During the period of active vegetative growth, fertilization is mandatory: in the spring these are nitrogen-containing compounds (standard urea), in the summer - mixtures with a high content of potassium and phosphorus. The dosage is selected based on the size of the plant, but within the recommendations specified in the instructions. Additional stimulation of growth is achieved by adding wood ash to the soil.
• Loosening. It is produced carefully, without injuring the root system, to a depth of 10 cm. In the process of loosening, the hole also gets rid of weeds. Mulching with peat bedding can be a substitute for the procedure.
• Pruning. The broom does not need any special pruning. Its crown is modeled at its own discretion, depending on the existing landscape picture. If the task is to increase the number of young shoots and, accordingly, buds for more lush flowering, then the young branches are cut off before the lignified areas begin.
• Wintering. Mature shrubs are usually frost-hardy and do not require additional shelter. For reinsurance, it is advisable to cover young plants with a layer of spruce branches before the onset of frost or press them to the ground with special fasteners, and only then sprinkle them with leaves and coniferous branches.
• Growing in a pot. Some varieties are suitable for indoor use - usually, these are thermophilic varieties that cannot tolerate cold. In winter, they are left in rooms with a temperature of at least + 10-14 C, and in summer they are taken out into the fresh air, where there is good wind blowing.

You can also find out about caring for broom by watching the video:

The use of broom in landscape design

Broom is planted in groups or singly. Cascades of fresh flowers will perfectly decorate a faded spring garden. Broom bushes look especially good when decorating rocky areas of the garden, stone hills, curbs.

In composition with it, it is recommended to plant conifers, juniper, heather, lilies of the valley or lavender. Broom saplings, planted in a dense line, quickly grow into an ideal hedge

Benefit and harm

IMPORTANT! When growing broom, we must not forget that this plant is poisonous... But despite this, it has some healing properties.

So, the Russian broom can boast high content of flavonoidscapable of removing chlorine compounds from the body. In addition, they provide excellent diuretic effect.

To prepare a tincture or decoction of Russian broom, you will need to collect the upper branches of the bushes, covered with young flowers, immediately after flowering. The resulting medicine is recommended for use by persons suffering from cholecystitis, hepatitis, angina pectoris, or migraine.

Broom varieties

Our article on Common Broom, all recommendations apply to different varieties.

The broom has many varieties. Here are just a few of them:

-Russian broom The most common in Russia. It is a small spherical shrub with very beautiful flowers.

-Cuse broom This variety is popular in Europe. It has creeping branches and large white and yellow flowers.

-Early broomstick Bush with a dense crown. It is frost-resistant, the root system is superficial. The flowers are bright yellow and have a strong smell.

-Regensburg broom Quite low shrub. Height 10-30 cm. Flowers of yellow shades.

-Break Broom This is a beautiful and lush plant. There are many hybrids of this variety with gold, pink and red flowers.

-Bunit racemose Its homeland is the Canary Islands. Mainly grown as a houseplant.

What is broom

Broom (Latin Cytisus) is a shrub of the legume family. Some varieties and species are small trees.

Broom is widespread as a deciduous crop, but evergreen varieties with small thorns are sometimes found.

Important! They usually take care of the shrub with garden gloves. The fact is that it contains a large number of alkaloids, which in large doses can cause breathing difficulties. For this reason, it is better to restrict children's access to the plant.

Broom, photo gallery

Undersized shrubs

S. ardotmi (R. Arduana)

Bright yellow flowers cover this dense, almost sprawling shrub abundantly. The leaves are small, gray-green, trifoliate, hairy. The height and diameter of the plant is 10x30 cm (3-4 years). The maximum height is 20 cm.

Leaves are small

C. beanii (R. Beana)

The flowers are golden yellow, occur singly or in clusters of 2-3. Leaves are linear, green, pubescent. The height and diameter of the plant is 30x60 cm (3-4 years). The maximum height is 40 cm.

Bush bush: photo

Flowers in the form of moths in the broom, tightly adhering to the branches during flowering, almost hide its small leaves from the eyes. Moreover, the flowers attract insects' attention well, but sharp thorns located on the branches do not allow enemies to approach the bushes.

In Italy, the broom is called the gorse of the coal miners because it often grows near coal mines. Next, we will describe the bush bush in a little more detail.

Using broom

Broom is a plant with medicinal properties. The chemical composition contains many flavanoids, which have a diuretic effect, thus facilitating the removal of chloride elements from the body. Medicines have a calming effect, improve blood circulation, regulate cardiac activity, help with swelling, headaches, heart pains and pain in the lumbar region. It is strictly forbidden to be taken by pregnant women and during lactation, children of any age, as well as hypertensive patients.

The plant is partially poisonous.It contains the alkaloid cytisine and anagirin, so the dosage must be strictly observed. Tinctures are made by brewing dried flowers collected at the beginning of flowering.

Also brooms are used in the garden as a decorative element. Among landscape designers, the plant is popular due to its attractive appearance during flowering and unpretentious care. In park zones, there are single and group plantings of broom. It blooms for a long time, looks good in combination with conifers and legumes.

In addition, different varieties are used in:

• chemical industry. Yellow dye is extracted from the plant, used for dyeing wool and other fabrics;
• beekeeping. Good melliferous culture.

Honey-bearing varieties of broom in the photo, see below:

• perfumery and cosmetology as a fragrance for soaps, shampoos, shower gels, perfumes.

Growing broom is a simple matter, even a novice gardener can do. It will perfectly decorate the landscape and give unobtrusive aromas near your home. If you do not want to grow from scratch, then you can purchase this plant in specialized stores. Adult seedlings are more expensive, because there will be no need to wait for the flowering period, which occurs 3-5 years after planting the seeds. There are species on sale that can be grown in pots.

Choose your favorite broom species in the photo and grow in your garden:

cultivation experience

at home ... read

When the broom blooms

Cultivated varieties bloom in May, sometimes in June. In some varieties, flowers appear even before the shoots are covered with leaves.

Flowering lasts an average of about a month. First, the bush forms spongy buds, then the flowers open and take on a resemblance to bells. The length of the petals is 2-3 cm, large flowers are rare. They are located on the shoots not singly, but in groups, forming racemose inflorescences.

Since the broom is a plant from the legume family, flowering ends with the formation of fruits, which are small beans.

Description

Broom is a genus of deciduous shrubs, less often small trees from the legume family. For the most part, these are deciduous, semi- or evergreen plants, some with small thorns.

Broomsticks are excellent honey plants, but many species are poisonous. The height of the plant varies greatly depending on the growth conditions and the species: the largest ones reach 4-5 meters, the middle ones - 2 meters, the lowest grow up to 0.5 meters. There are also creeping plants of this species, the growth of which reaches about 20 cm.

The bush bush has small leaves on flexible thin branches. They are triple or single in shape. Some of them begin to bloom in the spring (early or late), while others in the summer.

Similar in shape to pea broom flowers are beautiful, collected in axillary brushes: a large upper petal like a sail, two narrow elongated side petals like wings and two lower small petals fused into a shuttle. They decorate the broom for a month. Their color is very diverse, depending on the species and hybrid: yellow, white, pink, purple, red. There are also two-color varieties in nature.

And the smell is different for different types of flowers: pleasant, sharp, subtle. Flowering under the most favorable conditions for the growth of the broom is so abundant that its flowers are completely hidden by the branches of the bush.

Wintering broom in the open field

Do you need shelter for the winter for the broom? For young animals (first years) and rooting layers, a shelter for the winter is imperative. Cover low-growing varieties with spruce branches. Bend tall bushes to the surface of the ground and secure with special brackets, mulch with natural materials (dry leaves, grass, branches). Adult specimens do not need to be covered.