Breeding methods for sea buckthorn
The useful sea buckthorn is loved by many gardeners. At the moment many different varieties have been bred.
To increase the number of trees, it is not at all necessary to purchase a seedling in a nursery, since there are many ways to reproduce sea buckthorn.
There are several ways to breed sea buckthorn:
- undergrowth;
- layering;
- seeds;
- lignified and green cuttings.
Every gardener shaves the best option for yourself. Let's take a closer look at each of these methods.
Plant in spring or fall
Reproduction of sea buckthorn is carried out by cuttings, layering and seeds. Photo: How to grow sea buckthorn on your site:
- Sea buckthorn (lat.Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) - berry culture from the Lokhovye family. It is a sprawling low shrub with thorns, reaching a height of 3-5 m. The root system is spreading, powerful, capable of producing a large number of young shoots. The plant has female and male trees and needs pollination. Life expectancy is 50-70 years.
- The crop is formed on the shoots of one year... Flowers of yellow color are crowded. The perianth is simple, bipartite. Blooms in April-May, leaves appear after flowering.
- Orange or red fruits spherical or oval. Depending on the variety, they can reach up to 0.5 cm in diameter. They do not crumble from the bush and are preserved even in winter. In terms of the content of vitamins, nutrients and fats, they surpass many types of berries.
- The culture is propagated most often by root layers, cuttings, seeds and seedlings. Crop care is carried out depending on the breeding method. When propagated by seeds, varietal traits are not always inherited and the plant needs further tinting. Grafting with varietal cuttings is carried out by experienced gardeners.
The first shoots of young sea buckthorn. Photo:
The author of the video recommends planting sea buckthorn in the spring. Then fruiting will be more active. Sea buckthorn loves pruning and the yield will be stable and high. It is better to plant varieties that are zoned to a given area:
Undergrowth
For those gardeners who want quickly propagate sea buckthorn bushes, the overgrowth reproduction method should be taken into account.
The planting material is shoots, get it by traumatizing the sea buckthorn roots with a shovel... Also, damage can happen unintentionally, since the roots of the sea buckthorn cover long distances.
When the offspring appears, it is necessary to provide him with the necessary care in the form of hilling and keeping it wet.
Articles that may be of interest to you:
- How to store and process sea buckthorn at home.
- Useful properties and contraindications of sea buckthorn berries and leaves.
Then dilute the mound (next spring), you need to do this carefully, with your hands, then separate the offspring from the root with a horizontal movement of the knife, by that time it will have acquired its own roots.
After which it must be transplanted (the place is prepared in the fall). In the future, it is necessary to regularly feed the plant and water it systematically.
If you need to quickly propagate the sea buckthorn bush, take into account the growth propagation method
Planting and grooming recommendations
Before planting sea buckthorn, it is worth finding out the features of planting a plant and caring for it. So, in order to get the desired harvest, at least one male must be planted for pollination on 5-6 female plants.
There are differences between female and male plants:
- Male kidneys are large, have 5–7 covering scales.
- Women are half the size of men, they have 2 scales.
Important! It should be borne in mind that planting material selected in one region may not take root in another due to differences in climate, soil composition or moisture.
There is no point in creating near-trunk fertilizer circles, because the roots grow several meters in breadth... Propagating the plant by cuttings, it can be fertilized with potassium and phosphorus. While the shoot is forming, it requires timely watering.
The plant is pruned in the spring, while the buds have not yet appeared... The crown can be formed independently, cutting off uneven and irregular branches, up to 4 years. After 10 years, you can start pruning anti-aging. For this, dry and old, aching branches are removed.
Lignified cuttings
The preparation of lignified cuttings is carried out in November., having chosen suitable cuttings of at least 5 mm thick, they must be hidden in the snow. At the onset of spring, the cuttings are cut, the main length of the cuttings after pruning is 20 cm.
Then they must be soaked in water.... The cuttings can be left in water for two weeks, during which time the buds have time to bloom, small rudiments of roots appear.
Preparation of the site for landing is carried out in advance. During the autumn digging, up to 9 kg of humus per 1 m is introduced into the soil. In the spring, a second digging is carried out and the place for planting is carefully leveled.
The bed must be at least 1 meter wide, it should not be too high, some even trample paths on the sides so that the ridge protrudes slightly above the territory.
When the soil temperature reaches 5 degrees, planting of cuttings... Leaving several buds on the surface, the cuttings are plentifully watered, after which the soil is mulched with fertilizer.
Before planting, lignified cuttings are soaked in water, planted in the soil, leaving several buds above the surface
After the cuttings are planted, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil almost daily, its moisture, long cuttings are watered every 4 days, short cuttings - every day.
Some seedlings reach standard sizes by the end of the season, and already next year in the spring, you can transplant to a permanent place.
Saplings whose roots have reached 20 cm, the height of the aboveground part is 50 cm, and the neck diameter is 8 mm, are ready for transplantation.
The advantages of this method:
- the method does not require special skills and is suitable for amateur gardeners;
- the result in the form of a clone of the mother plant can also be considered an advantage.
Disadvantages: cuttings do not take root well at low air humidity.
Green cuttings
This type of reproduction of sea buckthorn carried out from June to July... First of all, cuttings are cut (10 cm), for this you need a sharp knife. Then the lower cut and the upper one are made.
For good rooting, cuttings must be treated with growth substance, you can use heteroauxin proportions: 1 tablet per 1 liter of water.
After 16 hours, the cuttings must be rinsed and planted in the soil, and then covered with foil or a jar. It is best if the soil is light, the most suitable type of soil is peat... Cuttings must be deepened by 4 cm.
Watering is carried out using a fine sieve.It is necessary to control the condition of the soil under the cuttings and leaves - it must always be moistened.
To protect cuttings from a disease called black leg, it is necessary to water them with a solution containing potassium permanganate.
The film or jar is removed from the cuttings after they have taken root... The cuttings are transferred to a permanent place a year after they have taken root.
Benefits: one hundred percent survival rate.
Disadvantages: quite a laborious process, more suitable for experienced gardeners.
Reproduction of sea buckthorn by green cuttings has an essential plus - 100% survival rate, however, the process is laborious, suitable for experienced gardeners
How to propagate by dividing the bush
To this kind of reproduction usually resorted to when transplanting a plant from one place to another.
Favorable time for the procedure - early spring or late autumn, but before the frost hits.
The bushes are dug up, all old branches are cut off, leaving only healthy ones. Shaking excess pieces of soil from the roots, divide the bush into parts using a garden pruner.
When dividing the bush, it is necessary to control the presence of a healthy root system in each part of the bush. The seedling must have developed roots, old rhizomes are removed, everything else needs to be trimmed.
Sea buckthorn can be propagated by dividing the bush; it is preferable to do this in early spring or late autumn, before frost
Layers
This method is loved by many beginners. in horticulture as it is effective in growing quality seedlings.
Reproduction by layering is carried out as follows: take the lowest branch of the sea buckthorn and press it tightly and stick it to the ground, leaving the tip of the branch on the surface. Then it is abundantly sprinkled with humus and maintains moisture during the summer.
By autumn, each stem produces several shoots. With the onset of spring, the strongest specimens are selected and planted in a permanent place.
Benefits such a method are as follows:
- all biological characteristics of the shrub are transferred;
- good rooting.
Of the shortcomings the following can be distinguished: a few annual shoots, the trunk of a fruiting tree is bare.
The method of reproduction of sea buckthorn by layering gives high-quality seedlings, which subsequently take root well
Terms and rules for transplanting sea buckthorn seedlings into open ground
It is recommended to transplant young sea buckthorns from an indoor greenhouse into open ground only after the soil has warmed up to 15 degrees. And it is required to take into account the absence of return frosts: they will destroy the sea buckthorn.
Usually, the optimal time for placing seedlings in a school in the open field is late April - early May. Previously, the greenhouse is recommended to be exposed to the open air for 2 weeks to harden the sea buckthorn.
Sea buckthorn is a widespread shrub or small tree from the Lokhovye family. Large natural thickets of this berry can be found in Siberia, where it is called the Siberian pineapple for its taste and aroma, vaguely reminiscent of this exotic fruit.
Sea buckthorn is a recognized medicine for the healing of wounds, ulcers, and burns. It contains up to 9% oil, vitamins, minerals and biologically active substances. Eating fresh berries is necessary to enrich the body with natural multivitamins. If you ate berries purchased at the market, do not rush to throw away the seeds, they can be planted and get trees that give a valuable harvest.
Seeds
Seed propagation is the easiest way. With this type of reproduction, the properties of the variety do not pass to the seedlings, in addition, more than half of the seedlings are male.
Seed propagation in stages:
- Seed collection from high-quality and healthy sea buckthorn bushes.Seeds are obtained by the following method: the fruits are crushed, the juice, pulp are separated and washed several times with water through a chintz, after which they are left to dry in the shade. After drying, the seeds are separated from the pulp and skin.
- After harvesting, it is necessary to provide the seeds safe storage... Seeds placed in a paper bag should be kept in a dry and warm room.
- Sowing... Under suitable conditions, sea buckthorn seeds are able to retain their properties for 3 years. You can sow seeds in the spring, as well as in the fall. From many tree species, sea buckthorn seeds are cast by the fact that they do not have a dormant period, they germinate after harvest and when stored dry. Seeds of sea buckthorn are sown before frost, in early November. It is not recommended to sow earlier, as the seeds germinate very quickly, which can lead to freezing of the seedlings. When sowing in spring, the seeds are usually stratified.
Late autumn sowing differs from spring sowing in that it ensures the germination of all seeds at the same time. Seedlings fall in April, before the onset of heat, the root system has time to form.
We prepare the seed
Seeds are taken only from fully ripe berries. The fruits should be kneaded, rinsed in plenty of cold water, and removed from pulp and films. Then put on a napkin and dry. The shelf life of seed is up to 3 years.
How to plant with seeds
Seeds require stratification to germinate. The dried seeds are placed in a cloth bag and dropped into the snow. The place of the prikop is marked in order to quickly dig out the seeds in the spring. In this state, the material is kept until the snow melts. As soon as the soil warms up to 5-7 degrees, the hatched seeds are placed in a pre-prepared school.
After germination, the seedlings are thinned twice: the first time in the phase of 2 true leaves, the second in phase 8. Sea buckthorn is ready for planting in a permanent place 2 years after sowing.
Germinating sea buckthorn from seeds at home
It can be done at home. To do this, the seeds are soaked for 2-3 hours, and then dried on a napkin and wrapped in a cloth. The cloth with the seeds is placed in the fruit bowl of the refrigerator and kept there for a month.
The fabric is periodically checked and, if necessary, dampened. This method of germination should be carried out in the first ten days of March in order to sow seeds in the school in early April.
But you can stratify in January, and in February sow the hatched seeds in a greenhouse. It is recommended to put the greenhouse in a warm place, and after the emergence of shoots - on the windowsill. For the normal development of seedlings, it is recommended to highlight them with an agrolamp.
