Prevention of head lice in kindergarten, actions for head lice

Basic Provisions

The news about the change in the legislation on the prevention of lice instantly spread throughout Russia. The order is to read immediately so that you know how to act in a given situation. The sanitary rules for head lice describe the actions that health workers should take to prevent an epidemic of the disease and prevent:

examinations of the population for prevention are carried out according to a plan approved by the higher authorities;
all preschool educational institutions, kindergartens, orphanages, sanatoriums, rest homes, stationary organizations, the purpose of which is to maintain the health of the child, are provided with detergents, disinsection, for personal hygiene;
first-aid posts, other organizations that deal with the treatment of pediculosis, disinsection of premises, things, provide special equipment, technique, means;

SanPiN on head lice is mandatory, the requirements of the new version of the law are taken into account.

Enterobiasis

Enterobiasis is a helminthic invasion caused by small worms or pinworms. The main route of infection is contact. Young children are most at risk of infection, since the immune system is not completely formed, and babies love to taste new and interesting things to the touch and taste. Doctors set themselves the task of timely prophylaxis of enterobiasis in order to reduce the risk of possible infection. All regulations on sanpin were approved by the Minister of Russia in 2014.

Prevention of enterobiasis involves the following methods:

Timely identification of infected patients and carriers of enterobiasis.
Preventive examination of the population to identify pinworms.
Treatment of parasitic infestations, chemical prophylaxis of contact persons.
Control of the environment: sand, water and others for the presence of pinworm eggs.
Tracking the life cycle of the pathogen with a high epidemiological situation in the country.
Implementation of hygienic measures of the anti-epidemic regime.
Physicians should determine the possible risks of infection in accordance with the situations and results of control in the outbreak of infection.
Develop comprehensive and preventive programs aimed at preventing enterobiasis.
To educate and educate the population, carefully monitor their health.

Examination and prophylactic tests are taken on a patient who is worried about specific symptoms that indicate pinworms. These symptoms include:

Itching in the anus, worse towards evening. This is due to the fact that the female pinworm crawls out at night, since the sphincter is most relaxed at this time. Lays eggs on the skin. In the absence of good personal hygiene, invasive eggs are re-swallowed and the patient becomes infected.
When scratching, adults may remain under the skin plate, the patient will be able to visually notice them.
Stomach ache.
General weakness.
Increased excitability.
Insomnia and so on.

When symptoms appear that indicate pinworm infection, an urgent visit to a medical facility is required to make a diagnosis and start a therapy regimen.

Upon admission to a preschool educational institution, at work, patients must undergo preventive medical examinations to identify the disease. Consider a group of patients who must undergo preventive medical examinations for enterobiasis without fail:

Children who attend the gardens.
The staff who work in kindergartens.
Primary school students.
Adolescents, the adult population are subject to preventive examination during medical examination.
Children who undergo a medical examination to attend a preschool educational institution, a kindergarten, a school camp, and so on.
Outpatient and inpatient patients of a clinical institution of the Russian Federation.
A person who has been in contact with an infected person.
Before visiting the pool.

Signs of infection

Several types of lice are causative agents of infection:

Parasites feed on human blood, are capable of spreading typhoid fever, and pose a threat to the entire society. The main symptoms of different types of head lice are similar to each other, only the place of localization of parasites differs.

Head lice parasitize on the scalp, live in the scalp, eggs cling to the hairs closer to the roots, how lice and nits look can be seen in the photo.
Body lice live outside the human body, build nests in the folds, seams of clothing, bedding. They eat about 4 times a day, so they often come on the human body. Linen lice bites are located on the trunk, face. They do not live on the head, genitals.
Pubic lice are most commonly transmitted through sexual contact. The hairy part of the pubis and perineum are affected. With a strong infection, parasites are found on the hair of the abdomen, chest, armpit, and eyelashes.

severe itching caused by lice bites;
discoloration of the skin, the appearance of spots, rashes;
scratching the skin;
sores, wounds, inflamed scratches indicate the addition of a secondary infection;
coarse areas of the epidermis;
hair tangled with pus, constant itching.

The head lice order obliges medical workers to conduct routine examinations, take measures to eliminate lice.

Lice types

Lice are small ectoparasites that feed on human blood. Doctors distinguish several types of parasites:

Head inhabitants that live directly on the human hairline.
Linen parasites that like to live on mattresses, beds, human clothes.
Pubic parasites that live in the pubic area of the body, on the eyebrows, eyelashes, and underarms.

Depending on the type of lice that caused the disease, doctors prescribe a therapy regimen.

Inspection procedure

Routine head examination

Conducted in a well-lit area with basic tools. A comb or fine-toothed comb, magnifying glass or loupe is required.

Examination for head lice in kindergarten according to SanPiN is carried out every month. A medical professional examines each child carefully, or conducts a random examination. The survey results are recorded in a special journal.
Head lice at school is common. Scheduled inspections are carried out 4 times a year. The same frequency of preventive measures in schools. It is obligatory that the nurse examines the students before the new school year, after the holidays.
Children who go on vacation to a health camp, rest homes are examined before leaving for the absence of parasitic diseases.
Patients are examined at a sanitary inspection room before being assigned to inpatient treatment. They travel to the address where the patient should live, in accordance with the legislation on the territory of Russia.
In organizations, employees undergo a scheduled inspection once a year.

The responsibility for conducting preventive examinations rests with the medical professional. The results are entered in a special form, a number is put.

SanPiN for personnel

Personnel hygiene requirements include strict conditions that must be met:

Each employee must have at least 3 sets of changeable clothes.
Personal clothing should be clean, nails cut short, outerwear and shoes kept in the staff room.
It is forbidden to smoke, wear earrings, rings.
Caregivers and nannies should wear light colored gowns.
Each employee is obliged to pass a medical examination in a timely manner.
Kitchen workers are inspected daily.

Each employee must have a health record.

The current SanPiN sets the requirements for kindergartens in as much detail as possible. Most of the conditions are mandatory for all employees of the organization. The changes made toughen the rules for the administration of the preschool educational institution. Household family groups are exempted from their execution.

Pediculosis in preschool, school institutions

It is forbidden to attend kindergarten, school for children who have been diagnosed with head lice. Immediately after lice are found, the child is isolated. The teacher, class teacher, and the administration of the institution are notified of the situation. Parents are informed.

It is the responsibility of the healthcare professional to advise parents on how to get rid of lice quickly. Treatment is carried out at our own expense. It is allowed to visit an educational institution after complete recovery, with the provision of a confirming certificate.

If several infected children are found in the class, the group, quarantine is announced. Maximum duration is 30 days. During this time, a complete disinsection of the room, beds, furniture, bedding is carried out, and the prevention of re-infection. SES can extend the quarantine.

Parents have the right to write a complaint to the state sanitary and epidemiological service if the management of the institution or organization does not respond to the problem properly.

Duration of quarantine

If the child has lice at home, then the parents should immediately inform the preschool about the incident and stay at home. If head lice was discovered by the kindergarten staff, then the teacher is obliged to notify the parents of this and completely isolate the child from other students in the group, while trying not to scare him or ruin his mood.

After that, the health worker conducts an unscheduled examination of all the pupils of the group, disinfects the premises. From this moment on, quarantine is announced. There is a regulated procedure in this case:

The teacher is obliged to inform the parents about the detection of head lice, observing confidentiality (the name of the infected child is not announced).
The management of the preschool educational institution informs the TsGSES at the place of registration of the child. If there are several cases in the group, then the information is sent to the assigned polyclinic with a statement about the focus of head lice.
Parents are being instructed.
The institution is being quarantined for a period of 30 days.

During quarantine, disinfection measures are carried out at the preschool educational institution, including daily examination of inmates and employees for problems. A sick child can visit the institution only upon the provision of a certificate of admission from a polyclinic or SES.

Control methods

Fight against parasites

According to the new SanPiN, the treatment of head lice, the methods of struggle depend on the type of disease.

At the initial stage of head lice, it is possible to get rid of parasites mechanically. Comb the nits out of the hair strand by strand with a special comb with long, frequent teeth.
With linen head lice, things, clothes, bedding are subject to mandatory thermal and chemical treatment. Wash at temperatures above 60 degrees Celsius for half an hour, or boil for 5 minutes. Iron with steam, paying special attention to folds, seams, pockets.
Pubic lice is the easiest to remove. Shave hairs on the pubis, groin, genitals, anus. Treat with a disinfectant. Clothes, underwear, bedding, towels are washed at a high temperature.

The chemical method of control involves the use of preparations containing insecticides. Substances disrupt the functioning of the nervous system, provoke paralysis, and early death. It is allowed to treat the head, things, clothes, premises with special pediculicidal drugs.

To combat head lice, use shampoo, spray, ointment, solution, emulsion, cream. Recommend means Nyuda, Nittifor, Para Plus, Nix, Paranit, benzyl benzoate emulsion. You can choose a remedy at your own discretion, taking into account the age of the child, the individual characteristics of the organism.

For any type of head lice, a disinsection of the room must be carried out using chemical insecticidal agents.

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Pest control rules

Treatment of the patient's hair after head lice is detected is also performed according to a specific algorithm. For this procedure, a well-ventilated room is used, the consent of the patient and a preliminary determination of possible contraindications are required.

Algorithm for sanitizing a person infected with head lice:

The patient sits on a couch with oilcloth on the shoulders and on the seat.
Cutting long hair is optional, it is performed only at the request of the person.
The disinfectant is applied to the hair and evenly distributed, then cover the head with a scarf or put on a cap made of waterproof material and maintain the required time.
After that, the hair is washed with warm water, then washing with shampoo is repeated and dried with a towel.
Apply a heated solution of vinegar to the hair at a concentration of 5% for children or 6% for adults, put on a hat and wait at least a quarter of an hour.
Rinse again with running water and dry with a towel.
At the end of the procedure, comb the hair with a fine comb over white paper, laid in a basin.
Re-examine the hair so that no lice or nits go unnoticed.
Paper with combed out nits is burned, the clothes of a sick person and a health worker (hat, apron, mask) are placed in a special bag for disinfection, the comb is wiped with alcohol.
If a clothes lice is found, the clothes are boiled in a soda solution for a quarter of an hour, after washing they are ironed with an iron.

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In order to avoid a relapse of head lice, a second treatment is carried out in a couple of weeks using the same technique. In the future, you need to carefully monitor hygiene, do not use other people's clothing and combs. In a home environment, hair treatment is carried out by the patient himself after medical instruction.

Tags: identification, action, nurse, head lice, sequence

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Lice prevention

The prevention of head lice is to conduct explanatory work among the leadership of organizations, teachers, educators. Parents are required to monitor the condition of the child, check the head every week. If head lice is detected, take emergency measures to cure it.

use your personal hygiene items, towels;
it is forbidden to exchange clothes, combs, hats;
be sure to wash your body every week;
hygiene procedures every evening;
bedding change twice a month;
pollution on clothes in public places is not allowed, according to the law;
regular hair cutting, neat, neat hairstyle;
cleaning the house for prophylaxis using disinfectants containing bleach, or with the addition of vinegar.

Basic rules of hygiene and behavior in public places will protect you from infection and stop the outbreak of the disease.

Instructions on the implementation of preventive measures are sent to each organization, educational institution, and enterprise. According to the decree, every new employee and child should be examined for prevention before being introduced to the team.

Today, when science and technology are moving by leaps and bounds, new opportunities are emerging in the treatment and prevention of fatal diseases. The question of the prevalence of lice in preschool institutions and schools has not yet been removed from the agenda. The new Sanpin for head lice 2020 was adopted.

This normative document provides detailed instructions that are necessary to ensure prevention and control of the spread of diseases caused by parasites. Joint ventures on typhus and head lice and scabies are mandatory throughout the Russian Federation.

Based on SanPiN 3.2.3215-14 with amendments of 15 and 16 years, prevention consists of:

examinations of the population, which should be carried out according to the approved plan;
providing all preschool organizations (kindergartens and orphanages, children's homes and stationary organizations that take on the function of providing rest and health improvement for children) an additional set of bed linen, personal hygiene products, as well as the necessary detergents and disinfectants;
the supply of technical devices for disinfection and disinfectants to organizations that treat and prevent sick people, reception and distribution centers, institutions of social security systems, prison isolation wards, night houses, temporary detention centers for migrants, sanitary passes, laundries and baths.

Prevention of head lice
Three types of lice can feed on human blood:

head lice, which live mainly in the hair on the back of the head, crown of the head and temples;
body lice lodging in clothing, bedding, seams, folds and stitching;
pubic lice that live in the pubic hair, eyelashes, mustache, eyebrows, and armpits.

Informing other parents and the school

However, since head lice is a contagious disease that spreads quickly enough, it is, of course, important to inform the parents of other children with whom your son or daughter has been in contact. This will help prevent the spread of the disease, as well as possible re-infection of your own child.

But, as a rule, parents try to avoid such conversations, fearing an inadequate reaction. Shame, fear of condemnation and possible mockery of the child ... There are reasons for this. Unfortunately, many hold deeply mistaken views of the disease. The main thing in this situation is to understand that timely information delivered to others will help to protect not only them, but also yourself, because no one is immune from re-infection!

Since the problem is not new, it is highly likely that the parents of your child's classmates have already dealt with it and therefore will be sympathetic to your message. And if not, then you can act as a kind of expert and share your experience of treatment, for which your parents will only thank you.

Be sure to inform the class teacher that your child has head lice. And it is better to do this in a personal conversation to make sure that the teacher understood everything correctly. Ask the class teacher to inform the nurse and parents of all children, emphasizing anonymity. Rest assured, the school is no less interested in keeping its walls free from head lice.And the key to a successful fight against the spread of head lice is the coordinated actions of parents and the school.

Signs of a parasite infestation

In order not to confuse the manifestation of an allergic reaction with the bites of blood-sucking insects, it is necessary to know the signs by which these two phenomena can be distinguished from each other. You can talk about parasites if symptoms of head lice appear:

itching occurs and the bite site is combed until it bleeds;
the skin is hardened due to the action of saliva during lice bites;
changed skin color due to minor hemorrhages and inflammation;
hair with traces of pus gets tangled, the skin turns into a crust, under which fluid accumulates.

Signs of lice

The fight against lice is carried out constantly, since it is not only an aesthetic problem. These parasites pose a danger to the health of the child, because they can be carriers of diseases: typhus and relapsing fever, as well as trench fever. Therefore, prevention is necessary.

Symptoms

The enzyme secreted by lice when bitten causes itching, which can be very severe due to the fact that insects live in large groups and make many bites.

At the site of the bite, many people have rashes - papules, similar to those that appear with mosquito or bug bites, but they are usually smaller in size, except in cases of allergies, when the rash can be significant.

Itching in the papules does not go away even with constant scratching, which provokes their overgrowth, redness and filling with dirt and pus.

The most pronounced signs of head lice are impassable itching, rashes, and the appearance of abscesses.

Lice do not always show each of these symptoms. People who are not prone to allergic reactions in the presence of itching may not develop papules. People with a particularly resistant body may not experience itching.

Sometimes head lice symptoms can be confused with signs of seborrhea or scabies. This means that it is not always possible to notice head lice in time, and the only reliable way to diagnose it is to examine the head.

Consider how to test yourself for lice and examine your relatives and friends.

Inspection procedure

Sanitary rules for head lice suggest periodic examinations of all segments of the population for the presence of parasites. The following are subject to verification:

children who attend kindergartens and other educational organizations - monthly;
pupils of schools and vocational schools - 4 times a year;
boarding school students, children in orphanages and children's homes - in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
children leaving for health improvement in summer camps - before departure;
children living in health improvement organizations - once a week;
patients admitted to inpatient departments for treatment - at the time of admission and then every week;
patients who come to see a doctor - when they go to the hospital;
employees of any organization - during routine medical examinations and preventive examinations;
other categories of persons falling under the sanitary norms.

If, during an examination in a preschool institution, a child with head lice is identified, then he is isolated from the rest of the children and sent for processing. The visit to the kindergarten is resumed only after complete recovery and with a certificate from the doctor. Examination for head lice in kindergarten according to Sanpin is carried out by a medical worker in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia. All data is entered into the head lice examination log.

During preventive examinations of children in schools, all requirements stipulated by regulatory documents must be observed.Head lice at school is an unacceptable thing, since a large number of children of different ages communicate very actively and this can quickly lead to massive parasitic infection.

If parasites are found in a schoolchild, he, according to the Sanpin for head lice, is not allowed to attend school until he is completely cured. The end of prophylaxis, treatment of head lice and full recovery must be confirmed by a certificate from a doctor. Only after that, the child can return to the school team.

During the examination my child was diagnosed with head lice at school. Until we managed to remove the lice from the child, he was not allowed to study. With this I completely agree. I feel guilty that I did not notice head lice after the child returned from the health camp.

The head lice order sent out to schools is an instruction on how a healthcare professional should act. During communication with the parents of a sick student, the health worker is obliged to give all the necessary recommendations for prevention and treatment:

how to treat a child with lice remedies at home;
how to properly sanitize the apartment, things and bedding in the place where the student lives.

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Causes of occurrence

Lichen is transmitted in the following ways:

upon contact with a sick person;
while in a sauna, swimming pool and other rooms with high humidity; in such conditions, pathogens multiply especially quickly;
when using other people's personal hygiene products, common items (stair railings, handrails in the subway).

A child can also catch the disease from a sick animal. But if the baby has a strong immune system, infection may not occur. The problem is that the immunity of most children is weakened by many factors, so the body becomes more susceptible to pathogenic microbes.

Treatment of the disease

There are several methods by which you can get rid of lice: mechanical, physical and chemical. The form of the fight against parasites depends on their type.

If the insect infestation is not very strong, then you can mechanically comb out lice and nits with a fine comb or trim (shave) your hair. Hair, along with insects and nits, is burned.

Heat treatment is carried out against linen lice: linen is boiled and ironed with a hot iron. If this is not possible, then things are processed in special disinfection chambers.

The chemical method involves the use of special means aimed at the prevention and control of parasites. These drugs must be non-toxic and belong to class 4 of low-hazard substances. The most effective are shampoos, sprays, ointments.

The presence of head lice did not pass us by. The child's lice appeared after visiting the kindergarten, the teacher shared the news. What I just did not do: combed out, and used kerosene. They advised me to buy a Nyud remedy. Maybe everything in the complex helped, but we cured head lice.

How to withdraw?

If parasites are found in a child, parents need to take timely measures to eliminate them. The main thing is not to panic, be patient and calm.

Diagnosis of head lice is usually straightforward, but you can consult a doctor to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

To remove lice and nits, mechanical and chemical methods are used. Pharmacies offer a wide selection of repellents to quickly get rid of parasites. You can use Paranit shampoo, spray or lotion. It contains a complex of mineral oils, it is non-toxic and absolutely harmless to the skin and respiratory system.

Hellebore water is also used to treat head lice.It is used in combination with combing out with a special comb and in compliance with safety measures due to toxicity.

Everyone living in the house should be carefully examined and, if found, appropriate treatment measures should be taken. Such examinations should be carried out weekly until complete recovery.

It is imperative to organize the washing of the personal belongings of the infected person and the bed linen of the whole family. Hats, combs, hairpins and towels need careful processing.

In case of independent detection of lice in their child, parents are obliged to inform the school paramedic or class teacher about this. There is no point in hiding and hushing up the infection in such a situation, this can lead to the further spread of head lice among school students.

Employees of the educational institution, in turn, must take measures to prevent the growth of the disease.

Prevention measures

The prevention of head lice is the use of complex measures in the fight against the spread of this disease. The first thing to do to identify infected children or adults is to carefully examine the scalp. If parasites are found, it is necessary to immediately begin treatment in accordance with the decree of the chief sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation. After recovery, do not forget about the prevention of head lice.

Preventive measures

Contact persons are also examined and, in the absence of parasites, are registered for 1 month with mandatory examinations every ten days.

If infected pubic lice are found, they are sent to a dermatovenerologic dispensary located in their territory.

To prevent the uncontrolled spread of parasites, certain hygienic measures are taken. These measures contain insect contamination of the surrounding area and include:

obligatory and regular body washing;
change of linen and bed every 7-10 days;
haircut
using only your personal comb for hair care;
washing clothes, bedding
regular cleaning of the house, all rooms and surrounding areas;
constant maintenance of cleanliness of all surrounding furnishings.

In an age of tremendous speeds, sensational discoveries in medicine, it is very offensive to realize that the problem of head lice is still relevant in schools, kindergartens, hospitals, and emigration centers. To achieve success in the prevention of diseases caused by parasites, it is necessary to conduct mass information events in preschool, school and vocational schools.

I constantly check the child's head, I taught him to use only my personal comb and not give it to anyone or take it from other children. So far, with such a problem as lice did not face

It is necessary to tell the younger generation about the danger that lies in such seemingly small and harmless insects, like lice are transmitted. Print thematic brochures, information sheets, conduct training activities on prevention, which visually show what lice look like and how they can and should be dealt with. Only such a broad offensive in all directions will give a positive and quick result in the fight against this disease, which has come to us since the beginning of the twentieth century and is still haunted by the twenty-first.

Many believe that only dysfunctional people can contract such an unpleasant disease as head lice.

In fact, you can catch a louse in any public place. Children who meet with him in kindergartens, in playgrounds, in elementary school especially often suffer from head lice.

Children often play contact games, like to hug or sit with their heads pressed against each other.

Having found parasites in yourself or in a child, you should not panic, you need to turn to modern effective treatments.

Identification of the disease

Physicians should set themselves an important task: timely identify and diagnose parasitic infestations, provide assistance to the patient. The examination is mandatory for children in kindergartens, schoolchildren, staff who work with children in a preschool educational institution or in schools, universities, and so on.

First of all, the doctor must select biological materials for examination, deliver them in sterile containers to the laboratory and ensure safety during transportation. Laboratory diagnostics is carried out on an individual basis if the clinic is licensed to perform such a group of work. For these purposes, the authorities, together with medical clinics, draw up a plan for the collection of biomaterial, the timing of the examination.

If parasites are found, the doctor must urgently send a notification to the sanitary and epidemiological station. Sanitary and epidemiological supervision after a signal about the presence of diseases conducts an examination, analyzes the reasons for the spread. Each case is registered in the register of infectious diseases at the place of examination.

Sick patients should undergo a course of therapy either in a hospital or on an outpatient basis, depending on the type of helminthiasis, parasitic infection. To prevent the development of morbidity, preventive examinations of workers who work with children and prepare food are carried out. If there is a threat of the development of an epidemic, the sanitary and epidemiological supervision develops a plan of measures for disinfection, disinsection, and deratization to stop the focus.

Employees of medical institutions are responsible for the accuracy of information about the onset of the disease, about the conduct of drug treatment.

What is head lice

Head lice is an infection of the skin and hair with parasites, namely lice.

Depending on the site of infection, there are head, pubic and clothing, but in advanced cases, they can also be found in one person.

These small, not more than 4 mm, whitish parasites feed exclusively on blood. To do this, they bite through the skin, which causes unbearable itching.

And they place their eggs near the root of the hair, sticking them tightly, which serves as an excellent protection against washing and combing.

Experts have noticed that she louse is capable of laying about 100 eggs, which will hatch in a week and fill the affected parts of the body.

Earlier, head lice was treated radically, shaving hair and treating the skin with kerosene, now many types of shampoos, powders and other drugs have been developed. They kill not only adult parasites, but also nits.

The main ways of infestation with lice

Dermatologists believe that it is much easier to prevent an infection than to cure a parasitic disease.

In almost all cases, the source is a person, most often children.

Despite rumors, in fact, lice do not know how to jump and can only move to a new owner from a very close distance.

Therefore, you need to understand what methods of infection are:

Contact games with hugs, looking at something during which their heads are in contact, a quiet hour if the beds are close - all these are the most common situations in which children become infected.
Any mass events, crowds in vehicles, group photos in the style of selfies can also be considered places of increased danger. Adolescents, on the other hand, most often become infected through kissing and sexual intercourse, managing to simultaneously catch 2 types of parasites.
In densely populated areas, for example, children's camps, refugee camps, barracks, outbreaks of head lice often occur, which are sometimes provoked by one infected person. Overcrowding, violation of personal hygiene rules and inability to avoid close contact are more than enough.
Rarely, but still there is infection through clothing, personal items and hygiene items.Children are interested in trying on someone else's hairpin, hat or beautiful elastic band. A louse can sit on them and then jump onto a healthy head. There are cases when parasites crawl from bed linen in a hotel, boarding house. This can only happen if the laundry is not changed in a timely manner or is not washed at the proper temperature.
In public places, with violation of sanitary and hygienic rules, you can get lice even in the pool or fitness club. Dermatologists have proven that lice can stay in the water for some time, swimming on the surface and waiting for them to be brought onto a clean head. Therefore, if you want to visit such places, you need to check the water treatment, the cleanliness of the shower cabins.

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The main provisions of SanPin 3.2 3215 14

Sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards - in particular, the head lice section of SanPiN 3.2.3215-14 - were developed in the indicated years by a large team of employees of various research institutes and approved by the decree of the chief sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation in order to organize and establish requirements for that complex of organizational and sanitary - preventive measures that will help prevent and prevent the spread of various parasitic diseases.

Also, plans of measures were developed to ensure surveillance, which include assessing the scale and nature of the prevalence of diseases, identifying problem regions, identifying the causes and conditions that determine the growth of diseases, drawing up a plan of treatment and prophylactic measures and assessing their effectiveness, developing plans and forecasts of subsequent activities.

A system for detecting and recording outbreaks of parasitic diseases has been developed.

They include examination and analysis, collection of biological materials, laboratory tests, compulsory treatment and control over those who are at risk.

Inspection procedure

Compulsory inspection is subject to:

Pupils of preschool educational institutions at least once a month.
Students of schools and secondary vocational educational organizations at least 4 times a year.
Those living in orphanages in boarding schools and orphanages - depending on the situation, but not less than 2 times a month.
Children who receive a referral to enter a children's team, for example, a sanatorium, planned hospitalization, a children's camp - on the day the referral is issued and the stamp about the epidemiological environment is issued.
Children who are in sanatoriums, hospitals on inpatient treatment, camps for round-the-clock stay - at least 4 times a month, that is, every week.
Patients who are sent for outpatient treatment are examined once a day.
Social workers working with difficult children and problem families are examined at least twice a month.
Employees of regular childcare facilities are only examined during periods of outbreaks.

An algorithm for examining the head was also developed:

Choose a well-lit place or plant it under a lamp.
Ask to loosen your hair if there was a braid or hairstyle.
With the help of a comb and a magnifying glass, look through each parting, pay special attention to the hair roots.
To distinguish nits and dandruff from each other, you need to wiggle a comb. Dandruff easily falls behind and shakes off, while nits are firmly glued to the hair.
In men with beards and mustaches, it is necessary to check these hairs as well.
After inspection, the comb must be treated with alcohol, even if there was nothing.

The health care provider performing the examination must carry disposable gloves, a disposable plastic comb, and a separate gown.

It is unacceptable to inspect with bare hands, as nits and even parasites can clog under the nails. After the end of the examination, the comb is treated with alcohol, and the dressing gown is sent for disinfection.

Head lice treatment

If a head lice disease is detected, the infected person should be immediately isolated from the rest.

When staying in a children's camp, in a hospital, a sanatorium, the child, together with his parents or teacher, moves to a separate room.

His bed linen, personal belongings, towel are heat-treated. The beds and the room are disinfected with a special solution.

Head lice quarantine is announced, SanPin recommends keeping it until complete recovery.

With schoolchildren, everything is easier - all sick people go home and are obliged to undergo a second examination before leaving.

Parents and guardians are responsible for their treatment and disinfection in the places of residence.

The commission represented by the pediatrician can visit the place of residence if this is not the first case of infection.

Those children and adults who may have come into contact with those infected with head lice are placed under observation for a month with a weekly examination.

Medical purposes - namely, shampoos, ointments, etc. are done by dermatologists or pediatricians.

Prevention of infection

Competently organized prophylaxis of pediculosis in the SanPin kindergarten, however, as in any childcare institution, suggests:

Scheduled and unscheduled inspections.
Strict control over the timely change and cleanliness of linen, towels, as well as the presence of detergents.
The presence in each childcare facility of a special detention center, a room for the isolation of the patient.

It is also necessary that a medical officer or teacher interviews students for personal hygiene.

Children should know to keep their head and clothing clean. Know about the inadmissibility of using and putting on someone else's clothes, hairpins, elastic bands, hats.

To draw the attention of children and parents to the need to tidy up their hair, as well as provide the child with their own comb, towel.

The new SanPin for head lice 2020 focuses on mechanical and chemical means of treatment, recommending the use of gentle shampoos, as well as prophylactic washing of the head with special solutions when a sick person is found in the collective.

Conclusion

Experts pay attention to the fact that compliance with hygiene standards and periodic examination of the child's head will, if not prevent, then reveal the disease at the earliest stages.

In these cases, one shampoo is sufficient for treatment. You also need to pay attention to the child's behavior - whether he scratches his head, whether there are any incomprehensible sores on the skin.

It is important to remember that lice are primarily parasites that not only cause a lot of inconvenience, but are capable of spreading dangerous diseases such as typhus.

Photo of microsporia in children

The deprivation quarantine in kindergarten and schools is at least 45 days. In this case, all children from school (or kindergarten) for the next 5 days undergo a mandatory examination by a dermatologist. If several babies fall ill, the quarantine is extended. The premises of the institution are completely disinfected, soft toys are thrown away, and carpets are thoroughly cleaned.

Sick leave is stopped only when the child's external signs of the disease have disappeared. Also, a decisive role is played by research on fungi under a Wood lamp. This test is done 3 times and must be negative each time.

Children are most susceptible to head lice, much less often they become infected with body lice. Pediculosis spreads rapidly among children aged 4-11 years. The disease is transmitted in children's groups from child to child through close contacts, through personal belongings during games and fights.

Prevention at home

Pediculosis is most often diagnosed in children, since they are in close contact with each other and cannot take proper precautions on their own. Responsibility for the child's health lies with the parents and, to a certain extent, with the administration of kindergartens and schools.

Lice cause great discomfort to children, so their symptoms are very pronounced. The kid practically does not stop scratching the affected areas and thereby contributes to the faster reproduction of insects.

The prevention of head lice in kindergarten should be monitored with particular care, since children, due to their age, practically cannot follow the rules of personal hygiene without the help of adults. For the administration, strict rules are established by law, which are as follows:

Before being admitted to kindergarten, every child must undergo a medical examination. For any deviations from the norm, children are not allowed in the garden. When inspecting for lice, a comb with fine teeth should be used, which is then necessarily disinfected.
Information meetings for parents and educators should be organized, during which all the rules for the prevention of head lice are explained, not only directly in the kindergarten group, but also at home.
Before admission to kindergarten, each child undergoes a medical examination

The duration of this stage depends on the type of fungus that caused the microscopy. For example, geophilic and zoophilic spores develop over 5-14 days. If anthropophilic forms of the fungus get under the skin, then the incubation period will take longer - 4-6 weeks. As a rule, infection occurs from sick animals, therefore, the disease manifests itself in humans after 1-2 weeks.

Determination of treatment tactics for a child is possible only after an appointment with a doctor and diagnosis of the disease. If only smooth skin is affected, then local antifungal drugs will suffice (solutions, ointments, creams, sprays).

These medications are used until the lesions completely disappear. If the pathology has affected the scalp, then the tactics of therapy change.

Systemic therapy with antifungal agents and topical medications is required. From the general recommendations, the following points can be distinguished:

On smooth skin, you need to shave off your hair once a week, you can use plasters with griseofulvin.
When localized on the scalp, before treatment, you need to shave off the hair from the affected area. Repeat this procedure 2 times a week until complete recovery.
It is better to wash your head with a special pharmacy shampoo containing ketoconazole, povidone iodine, selenium sulfide or tar soap

Internal preparations for children

There are different types of medications for the treatment of this ailment. The feasibility of their use should be determined by the doctor based on the type of disease, stage and individual characteristics of the child. The following options are considered the most optimal:

terbinafine preparations;
Lamisil;
Trebizil.

If there are no contraindications, then the first option is considered preferable. The dosage is determined by the doctor depending on the child's body weight. There are the following dosage guidelines for taking terbinafine:

10-20 kg - ¾ from 125 mg tablets of the drug;
20-40 kg - 1.5 tablets 125 mg;
over 40 kg - 2 tablets.

Preparations for local therapy

Medicines for external (local) use must be used. External treatment is necessary for both smooth skin and scalp. As a rule, the following drugs are prescribed:

Zalain;
Travogen;
Isoconazole;
Travocort;
Terbizil;
sulfur-tar ointment;

In addition to antifungal ointments, iodine, folk recipes can be used. The affected areas must be treated every day, morning and evening.

For example, after waking up, grease with tincture of iodine, and apply a layer of Lamisil ointment before going to bed. If the disease has reached the stage of severe inflammation, then for 3-5 days for initial therapy, a local hormonal ointment Travocort is prescribed, which has a powerful effect on the pathogen.

Apply the product once a day.

To exclude infection, we need prevention of lice in children, preventive measures. When sending a child to a camp, a community circle, a conversation should be held in the family.

Explain that lice are carriers of dangerous infections. Forbid the girl, especially with long hair, from using other people's combs and explain why others should not be allowed to use theirs.

Tell them to braid and do hairstyles only with your own hairpins. There are special plant-based and chemical-based products for prevention.

Preventive measures

A new Sanpin dealing with head lice was adopted in 2020. This document has become a guide to action to prevent the development of diseases spread by parasitic insects:

head lice;
tularemia;
scabies;
Volyn fever;
typhus.

According to Sanpin, head lice is recognized as a dangerous disease that can cause an epidemic, therefore, close attention is paid to the prevention of the disease. Preventive measures include:

inspection of the population according to the approved plan;
supply of all preschool organizations, which are designed to improve the health of children and provide them with good rest, with additional sets of bed linen, as well as individual hygiene products;
provision of all kindergartens and schools with technical devices for disinfection, as well as detergents and disinfectants.

The document states that disinfectants should be in:

organizations providing treatment for people;
places of temporary detention;
reception and distribution points;
isolation wards in prisons;
sanitary passages;
baths and saunas.

The importance of the problem is explained by the high level of the disease in preschool and school institutions.

The Ministry of Health issued Order No. 342 describing measures to combat head lice.