Gooseberry Masheka is a very famous variety, bred by Belarusian breeders. One of the most delicious and healthy varieties of all types of gooseberries. Despite the very high calorie content (slightly less than grapes), these berries are incredibly healthy due to the content of potassium, magnesium, copper, pectin and various organic acids. The presence of a high concentration of vitamin C, rutin and phosphorus makes it possible to use it as an anti-cold remedy, both in the form of fresh berries and by brewing its leaves in tea.
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It is impossible not to love the gooseberry, it is a berry that creates a mood. To get a high-quality harvest, gardeners have to work hard. A good choice of a variety, combined with the right agricultural technique, will help you get an excellent harvest. Mashenka's gooseberry is not one of the common varieties, while it has a lot of advantages that allow it to take an honorable place in your garden.
Bush photo
When choosing a variety for planting, gardeners are guided by the criterion of the presence of large fruits. This lack of Mashenka's gooseberry is compensated by a bountiful harvest. The photo shows berries of a bright color, densely located along the branch. During the fruiting period, they give the shrub a decorative look.
Description
Gooseberry of Belarusian selection Mashenka looks like a compact dense bush with thick, straight shoots 120-140 cm long. Thorns are single, light brown, located on most of the shoot.
Berries ranging in size from 2.5 to 3 g, when ripe, change from a light green to an orange-red hue. Appears transparent in bright sunlight. Even berries that are greenish in color have a pleasant sweet and sour taste. Many gardeners in their reviews note the unusual taste and aroma, their own varietal bouquet, which cannot be confused with any other. Disputes often flare up about taste, many gardeners consider it one of the best, and some are freshly sweet and not worthy of attention.
Berries of a beautiful oval shape with a dense skin perfectly tolerate transportation and are well stored, stay on the branches for a long time after full ripening.
The variety is mid-season. In the south, it ripens by the end of June, in the middle lane 15-20 days later. The frost resistance of the assortment is also excellent. Masha can be grown without shelter in the Moscow region and in the regions of the Non-Black Earth Region.
On a note! The Mashenka variety is considered universal, suitable for fresh consumption and for preservation in the form of jams, preserves and compotes.
General information about the gooseberry Chernomor
The berry crop belongs to the mid-late varieties. The bush is positioned as vigorous, its height is 1.5 meters, the tendency to spreading is weak, the crown is dense, and the branches are upright. Shoots are distinguished by a slightly overhanging top, light green color and lack of pubescence. Over time, they become light.
The Chernomor gooseberry has low prickly, single thorns and directed downwards.Light buds without pubescence grow medium in size. The leaf mass of the shrub has a dark green color, each plate is divided into 5 lobes. When the flowering phase begins, the Chernomor gooseberry has medium-sized, elongated, bright-colored flowers.
The berries are small, their average weight is 3 grams. At the stage of technical ripeness, their color is dark red, but after a while it changes to black. Consumer characteristics of the Chernomor gooseberry are high: the taste is pleasant, harmonious, sweet and sour, and the aroma is pronounced. The skin is of medium thickness, firm, weakly branched veins are almost invisible.
Chemical composition: indicators of sugar content are in the range of 8.4-12.2%, acidity 1.7-2.5%. The content of ascorbic acid per 100 grams of product is 29.3 milligrams.
a brief description of
Excellent taste characteristics and good resistance to low temperatures are the main advantages of Mashenka gooseberries.
Advantages of the variety
- compact bush;
- beautiful berries that do not fall from the bush for a long time;
- unusual taste of the fruit;
- high frost resistance;
- good productivity;
- easily propagated by cuttings and dividing the bush;
- can bear fruit for up to 15 years or more in one place.
When choosing a variety for their site, gardeners often rely on such an indicator as large-fruited. For this reason, Mashenka is not a frequent visitor to private gardens. This disadvantage is compensated by the number of berries with which the bush is strewn. The second disadvantage is considered to be low resistance to damage by powdery mildew. And the list of shortcomings ends with an excessive amount of root growth, which greatly thickens the bush.
Advantages and disadvantages of Grushenka
Fruit with a tender name fell in love with gardeners for the abundance of harvest and a pleasant sweet-sour taste. Of course, the variety has more advantages than disadvantages.
Advantages:
- Excellent frost resistance, allowing you to grow gooseberries in various climatic conditions of our country;
- Ability to withstand drought and steady hot weather;
- Lack of thorns, which makes harvesting an enjoyable experience;
- Good yield - 6 kg per bush;
- Excellent immunity to major diseases;
- Fruiting for 20 years;
- Excellent transportability due to the dense skin;
- Preservation of the integrity of the fruit during heat treatment.
Some disadvantages are also noted by gardeners:
- The need for a garter due to active fruiting;
- The need for annual pruning, here we recommend the article: Summer pruning of gooseberries;
- Quite small size of berries;
- Diseases with severe waterlogging of the soil.
Landing
It is preferable to plant Mashenka gooseberries in the fall. The root system of the shrub develops even in winter, in the spring the plant will grow faster, which in the future will have a good effect on yield.
For planting, choose a sunny place without drafts, where moisture does not stagnate. The acidity level of the soil should be neutral. Acidic soils are pre-neutralized with ash, dolomite flour or lime.
The planting hole is dug at least half a meter in depth, with a diameter of at least 50 cm. An impressive size is necessary in order to arrange good drainage and apply a sufficient amount of fertilizer during planting: at least 10 kg. rotted manure, 50 g. superphosphate.
Before planting a young seedling, it is recommended to keep its roots in a Heteroauxin solution for 24 hours. The upper part of the gooseberry should have at least 2 strong shoots when planting, and the root system should have no signs of decay.
When planting, the root collar of the seedling is buried by 2-3 cm. This technique stimulates the growth of new shoots of replacement. After planting, the hole is watered and mulched.
On a note! The best survival rate of the Mashenka gooseberry variety is observed on loamy soil.
Features of growing varieties
According to the description, the Chernomor gooseberry is a plant that is not demanding on growing conditions. But to obtain the desired results, you must adhere to a specific growing algorithm.
Seat selection
Gooseberry Chernomor, like other varieties of this berry crop, prefers to grow in areas with a sufficient level of illumination and protection from through winds. It is not recommended to choose glades, shaded or with a close occurrence of groundwater (from 1.5 meters).
If you plant Chernomor gooseberries in an area with high soil moisture, then there is a high probability of the development of putrefactive processes on the root system of planted gooseberry seedlings. Optimal terms for planting operations: late September-early October.
Soil composition
Chernomor gooseberries can be grown on almost all types of soil: sandy, washed off clay, sod-podzolic. Good indicators of the productivity of the variety are observed when it is cultivated on peat soils. But it is best to break up the plantation on forest-steppe and gray forest-steppe soils, medium and light loams.
On them, the Chernomor gooseberry bushes grow strong, hardy in relation to adverse environmental factors, with a long lifespan.
It is also possible to plant Chernomor gooseberries on depleted soils, but first you need to add old organic humus from composted manure to it. Thanks to natural fertilizers, the structure of the soil improves, the degree of fertility increases.
Hole preparation
Before planting seedlings, it is necessary to remove all weeds from the site, especially, attention should be paid to wheatgrass and sow thistle. These plants are fast growing, and it will be extremely problematic to weed them out from under the bush in the future. Given the spreading of the shrub and its height, plants should be placed at a distance of 1-1.5 from each other so that they do not experience a lack of nutrition or moisture.
The soil for the normal growth and development of the gooseberry Chernomor is filled with the following nutrient compositions:
- compost or rotted manure (10 kilograms per garden planting);
- wood ash (100 grams);
- double superphosphate (50 grams);
- potassium sulfide (40 grams).
The dimensions of the landing holes are 30x40x40 centimeters.
Selection of seedlings
Before purchasing planting material, it is necessary to inspect it for signs of disease, signs of damage, rot. The process of preparing seedlings involves pruning shoots up to 5 buds and removing dried roots. It is better to buy two-year-olds with an open root system, which simplifies the selection of a quality plant.
If Chernomor gooseberries are sold in a pot, then their age can be any. The recommended length of leafy shoots is 40-50 centimeters, roots are abundant and white. The underground part of the bush should tightly braid with an earthen lump. It is possible to plant such specimens 2-3 weeks after purchase.
Planting seedlings
It is recommended to treat the selected planting material with a growth stimulator. Its roots are immersed in the working solution for 10-15 minutes. Chernomor gooseberry planting technology involves the following actions:
- It is better to pour a layer of fertile soil into the hole in the form of a mound.
- Place the prepared seedling in the center of the pit.
- Spread out its roots and sprinkle gently with soil, slightly compacting it.
- Water abundantly, mulch the soil in the near-trunk circle with peat, rotted sawdust. Just dry soil will do.
- After 3-4 days, irrigation and mulching are repeated once more.
It is not necessary to deeply deepen the root collar of the Chernomor gooseberry, it is enough to determine it to a depth of 3-5 centimeters.
Growing and care
Caring for the gooseberry variety Mashenka begins in the very early spring and consists in removing the shelter and carrying out preventive spraying against diseases and pests. For the prevention of powdery mildew, preparations Hom and Topaz are suitable. As a preventive measure in March, before the start of sap flow, they practice spraying the bush with boiling water.
During the ripening of the fruits, watering is not carried out. Excess moisture will negatively affect the taste of the crop, it will become watery and less sweet.
Masha belongs to drought-resistant plants, but even she needs 4-5 waterings per season, especially during flowering and fruit setting. Young seedlings, which have not yet developed a root system, are watered more often, making sure that the water does not stagnate.
Preparing for winter
If you have properly looked after the shrub all season, then an adult plant does not need shelter for the winter, since it is famous for its frost resistance. In the fall, it is worth watering the gooseberries well for the winter and feeding them. Remove old branches and make preventive treatment against pests and diseases. The base must be overlaid with a dense layer of insulating mulch.
Young bushes definitely need additional shelter, especially if there is little snow. Place a pile of compost in the root zone. Use burlap on top, or cardboard and spruce branches.
Reproduction
The variety lends itself well to propagation by layering. In early spring, the lower branches of a 3-5-year-old bush should be bent to the ground in a previously dug trench. Strengthen the twig with a spear, sprinkle with earth. During the season, the cuttings are watered; by the fall, ready-made seedlings can already be transplanted to a permanent place.
In addition, propagation by cuttings and division of an adult bush is practiced. The methods are less common, but also effective.
An adult gooseberry bush should consist of 15-20 different-aged shoots.
Breeding history
Correctly the variety is called Masheka - in honor of the Belarusian noble robber who defended the poor. It is in Russia and Ukraine that the variety was mistakenly called Mashenka, therefore, when searching for information about such a variety, search resources simply do not give out anything. The culture was bred by the Belarusian breeder A.G. Volzunev, about 20 years ago.
Did you know? In English, gooseberry will be "goosberry", which means "goose berry". Most likely the name is due to the fact that in the old days in Great Britain they made a sauce for a baked goose from gooseberries.
Testimonials
I don't like gooseberries without sourness. Mashenka looks like boiled potatoes sprinkled with sugar. There is a lot of sweetness, but it is somehow bland, without a twist. Most likely I will get rid of the variety
Last season Mashenka fell ill with powdery mildew. I sprayed it with ash diluted in water (150 g per 5 liters), it helped, but not completely. Only the fungicide Fundazol helped.
For one year, Mashenka went purple spots on the leaf. I thought it was some kind of fungal disease, I began to read the forum, it turns out just a lack of nutrients. I carried out top dressing with Agricola, the leaf turned dark green again.
Gooseberry Mashenka is worthy to take a closer look at him. It is suitable for people who are allergic to red berries. Raw fruits are recommended for overweight, compotes and decoctions help with insomnia, bronchopulmonary diseases. The level of iron and magnesium is superior to apples.
Disease and pest control
Gooseberry Grushenka, affects many gardeners with its immunity to diseases, if the owners properly take care of their plantings. With normal watering, timely feeding, mandatory pruning so as not to thicken the bush, Grushenka will not get sick.
Diseases that may appear in the variety
But sometimes little depends on us.During periods of severe waterlogging, it is difficult to avoid spores of fungal infections and the development of putrefactive diseases.
It is important to decide what your gooseberry is sick with and how to deal with it correctly:
- Anthracnose - affects leaves that are covered with rusty spots, then rough dry crusts appear, growth processes are disrupted, fruiting stops. Before and during the flowering period, it can be treated with a 3% solution of copper sulfate. After picking the berries, the bush and the ground under the crown are well spilled with the same solution.
Prevention of the disease is expressed in pruning, burning foliage fallen during leaf fall and processing plants and soil in early spring until foliage appears with a solution of Bordeaux mixture of 1%;
- Shrinking - cracks on the bark of branches, in which small beads are visible - mushroom spores. The bush dries out gradually. Control and prevention are similar to those listed above;
- Columnar rust - on the underside of the leaves, as well as the ovaries, reddish formations appear, similar to pads. Later, the plant becomes covered with a fluffy bloom and withers. The fight is expressed in three times the use of Bordeaux mixture 1% (at the stage of leaf opening, bud swelling, after flowering), additionally use Fitosporin according to the instructions. Prevention is similar to that described above;
- Spheroteka (Powdery mildew) - a fungal infection affects all parts of the plant, a felt bloom is clearly visible on the fruits, at first light, then turning brown. An excellent result is shown by the use of soda ash, which is taken in a proportion of 50 g of powder per 10 liters of water. Grated laundry soap is also added. Processing is carried out twice with a break of 10 days. Prevention is similar to that described above.
Columnar rust
Pests of the Grushenka variety
But the main concern of gardeners is the fight against pests such as:
- Spider mite - the leaves turn yellow, formations appear that resemble a cobweb. Then a marble pattern appears on the leaves. The daily infusion of wormwood is excellent. From insecticidal treatments, you can use the preparations Zolon, Karbofos (before the leaves bloom and again, if necessary, before flowering).
Prevention is expressed in the collection of fallen leaves, autumn digging of the soil under the crown, weekly processing of the plant with a two-day infusion of onion peel;
- Fire - if early pigmentation of the fruit occurs, this is the main sign of caterpillar lesions. The remedy is the use of pre-blooming and post-blooming agents such as Actellic, Iskra.
Prevention is expressed in the autumn digging and in the manual collection of spiderweb nests. Many gardeners lay sheets of roofing material under bushes to prevent the passage of caterpillars;
- Aphid - these small insects are especially planted by gardeners. They suck out juices from all vegetative parts of the bush. An infusion of garlic is considered an effective remedy - chopped slices (300 g) are insisted in a bucket of water for a day and sprayed with gooseberries. If aphids are annoying, use insecticides during the permitted periods.
Preventive measures are expressed in the fight against ants, weeds, planting herbs around.
An excellent preventive measure against diseases and pests will be fungicide and insecticide treatments in early spring or autumn, after harvest.
Culture care
The gooseberry variety Chernomor does not cause problems in the cultivation process, caring for it consists in performing basic agricultural techniques, including the organization of an irrigation system, removing weeds, feeding, protecting against pests and diseases.
Watering
In the dry season, gooseberry bushes should be moistened regularly, starting the procedure as the top layer of the soil dries up. It is necessary to pour water under the root, avoiding contact with the leaves of the culture. Otherwise, the likelihood of developing diseases is high. Sprinkling method does not work in this case.
Excessive moisture in the bite circle is also dangerous for the shrub, as well as its deficiency. A lack of moisture in the soil should not be allowed, especially in spring at the stage of active vegetation of the plant and the formation of ovaries. In the summer, the bushes are in dire need of water 2 weeks before the fruits reach their consumer maturity.
Fertilizers
In the last days of April and early May, the soil under the bushes should be loosened to a depth of 6-8 centimeters, leveled and mulched with peat, humus at the rate of 10 kilograms per one garden planting. And in the fall, dig up organic matter with a pitchfork. In the first 3 years, it is forbidden to use phosphorus and potassium compounds for feeding gooseberries, since these substances were laid in the hole even when planting seedlings. In the spring, you need to add urea in several stages: 15 grams - in early May, 10 grams - at the end of the flowering phase.
In the fourth year after planting the Chernomor gooseberry in a permanent place, a mixture of superphosphate (150 grams), potassium sulfate (40 grams), wood ash (200 grams) and organic matter (8-10 kilograms) should be added to the soil. This top dressing is done every 3-4 years.
Gooseberry shaping
The next year, after planting, 4-5 pieces of the strongest shoots are left on the bush, and the excess ones are removed completely. In the future, also choose 5 shoots that are well located. Branches at the age of 4-6 years are considered productive, specimens older than 7 years are cut out. Formative pruning is done in the fall or before bud break.
Disease and pest control
Gooseberries of the Chernomor variety are distinguished by increased immunity to major ailments. But in order to prevent it, it should be treated in the spring with a working solution based on Karbofos or ash infusion. If necessary, the manipulation is repeated again.
Gooseberry Grushenka: cultivation techniques
Saplings of the Grushenka variety should be planted in the spring, when the snow melts and the soil warms up
... Usually, the dates for planting gooseberries depend on the weather conditions in specific regions and range from mid-April to mid-May.
Photo of gooseberry Grushenka
If autumn is warm in specific areas, then you can plant this berry bush in early September
, so that the plant has time to take root before the onset of cold weather.
Main positive and negative aspects
Experienced gardeners note the following advantages of the Chernomor gooseberry when growing:
- early maturity;
- high taste;
- a universal way of using the crop;
- a sufficient degree of transportability of berries over long distances;
- resistance to dry weather;
- not afraid of harsh winters;
- increased immunity to powdery mildew, the main pests (moth);
- weak prickling;
- does not cause difficulties in cultivation;
- ease of cultivation by layering, green cuttings.
But despite the whole list of advantages, the Chernomor gooseberry variety has its own drawback:
This only minus of the berry culture is fully compensated by the excellent taste and abundance of the harvest. On average, 3.1-4.0 kilograms of excellent fruits can be harvested from one bush.
Gooseberry Grushenka: reviews of those who planted
Below are some of the reviews of gardeners who grow the Grushenka variety of thornless gooseberries on their plots.
Elena, 40 years old: Several bushes of this gooseberry variety grow in our country house. Although ripe berries are not too sweet for my taste, aromatic and tasty jam is obtained from the harvested crop, and we also add the harvested berries when cooking compotes. Gooseberry Grushenka does not require special care, I regularly water the bushes and add a couple of dressings per season - that's all the work.
Olga, 39 years old: Gooseberries appeared in my garden several years ago. I planted the variety Grushenka, which was advised by my neighbors, summer residents. And I never regretted it - the variety is resistant to diseases, I water it, I feed the bushes and in early August I collect good harvests.Another plus of the variety is the absence of thorns, so picking berries is very easy. One drawback I would like to note - the berries quickly leave, literally in a few days.
A good decorative appearance, excellent yield and unpretentiousness to care - these are the main positive qualities of the gooseberry Grushenka
... The variety is quite promising, due to its resistance to frost, heat and drought, this shrub can be grown even in conditions unfavorable for other gooseberry varieties.
Harvesting and storage
The fruits ripen not quite amicably, but this is not a problem at all, since they do not fall off the branches for a long time. This makes it possible to harvest in one go, immediately separating the berries.
Check out
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Collect products together with the stalks by hand. They are immediately laid out in wicker baskets or plastic boxes with low sides.
The bottom of the container is pre-lined with paper. At room temperature, the fruits remain fresh for 3 days.
At a temperature of + 6 ° C and relative humidity, berries can be stored for up to 2 weeks without losing marketability and weight.
