Repaired raspberry Penguin - a delicious decoration for your garden

Characteristics of the Penguin variety

This is an early ripening variety, the berries appear in June. Productivity is quite high - from 2.5 to 5 kg per bush.

Bush

Raspberry Penguin is a powerful, rather low bush of the standard type, with strong branches and shortened internodes.

The height of the shoots is a maximum of 1.4 meters, that is, they are low even for a trunk.

The leaves have a rich green color. The foliage is large, the leaf size is medium.

Few dark brown thorns are found mainly at the base of the bush.

The raspberry tree bush forms 4-6 replacement shoots.

Berry

The fruit is rounded-conical and has a beautiful dark red color when fully ripe. Berry weight from 4 to 6 gr.

The drupe of the berry is small, even, almost not felt. The taste is sweet with moderate sourness, the aroma is not quite pronounced.

The fruits are dense, but not dry. Transportability and shelf life are high, from 4 to 7 days in the refrigerator.

The yield is high.

Appearance

There are about 20 species of penguins in total, but they are all very similar to each other. The only fundamental difference is the size. The biggest is emperor penguin... Its height reaches one and a half meters, and its weight reaches 60 kg. The smallest - small penguin... It rarely grows up to 50 cm, and its weight is only 2.5-3 kg. The sizes of the rest of the species are between these extreme boundaries. So the king penguin grows up to one meter, and the chinstrap penguin is not more than 70 cm in height, while its mass rarely reaches 7 kg.

Body color in different species is also very similar. The back is gray, grayish blue or black. The belly is white. Chicks are usually brown or gray with white belly and sides. The color of the king penguin is remarkable. It has a dark gray back, black head, white belly, and large orange spots on the chest and sides of the head. His chicks are dark gray. The chinstrap penguin also has a peculiar coloration. He has a narrow black stripe running along his white neck from the ear.

The plumage of these birds is somewhat reminiscent of the hairline, since the feathers are very thin. They have excellent water resistance, completely cover the entire body and reliably protect it from the cold. Under the skin there is a layer of fat up to 4 cm thick. It also retains heat and is also a source of nutrition in times of hunger. Molting in penguins occurs after incubation and rearing of chicks. New feathers grow directly under the old ones, and in 5-6 weeks the bird completely renews its plumage. This process is painful and unpleasant. During molting, the penguin does not eat anything, but lives off the reserves of its fat.

Benefits of the Penguin variety

Due to its special elegance, the variety is often used in gardens as a decoration. Ripe fruits make the bush very decorative.

Among the advantages of the tree-like raspberry Penguin, the brightest can be distinguished:

1. Increased resistance to various raspberry diseases, as well as attacks of insect pests.
2. High transportability and a more extended term of sale, due to the good keeping quality of the fruits.
3. Large berry weight up to 6 grams.
4. The fruits do not crumble immediately after ripening, but firmly adhere to the stalks for up to 7 days, which significantly reduces the frequency of harvesting.
5. High productivity, up to 5 kg can be removed from one plant with proper care.

The above advantages make the variety very attractive for garden and private farms, for cultivation with the aim of selling in the markets of the country.

Testimonials

Alexey A: The variety gives a good harvest early enough. In the first year after spring planting, the first berries appeared in early June. At the same time, the berries were sweet and large, with small seeds, easily separated from the stalk. Remained on the branch for up to 5 days in its original state.

Ruslan M: The Penguin raspberry overwintered well during the winter. Tears off branches easily. It turned out to be resistant to diseases and microorganisms. Bushes, low, straight, they can be used in decorative quality. The variety does not need special care. I was very pleased with the abundance of the harvest with little time and physical costs.

Cons of the variety

As you know, there are no pluses without minuses, slight flaws are present always and everywhere. The disadvantages of the variety include:

1. Quite mediocre taste characteristics of the fruit, there is no rich raspberry aroma loved by everyone, and there is also a sourness of varying intensity, depending on the place of growth.
2. The fruiting period is extended, so regular fertilization is needed.
3. Low frost resistance. Bushes need winter shelter or root cutting.

Planting and care features

Like any garden plants, standard raspberries need regular care and adherence to elementary agricultural standards. You can, of course, get some harvest without human intervention, but properly planted and well-groomed raspberries can please even the most experienced gardeners with gorgeous harvests.

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Choosing a site for planting

Raspberry Penguin is a sunny berry, for its successful growth, you need to choose only well and long sunlit areas, it also does not tolerate excessive acidity and swampiness.

A through wind is very harmful to the bushes, so the place should be with adequate ventilation, but without strong winds, especially from the north side.

Most often, raspberries are planted 1 m from the fence and with care it is easier, it does not spread so quickly over the site, and protection from the wind. The snow layer, which is so important for wintering, is also successfully retained precisely at the fence.

It is better that the acidity of the earth is neutral or, in extreme cases, slightly acidic. You can lower the acidity by adding dolomite or lime flour.

The occurrence of groundwater should be at the level of 1.2-1.5 meters, then the plantings will be guaranteed to be protected from waterlogging and subsequent soaking.

Pre-planting site preparation

It is better to prepare a landing site in advance. If the laying of the future raspberry tree is planned for the spring, then it is better in the fall. In the case of autumn plantings, it is preferable for a month, well, at least two weeks.

First of all, they rake up all the garbage and remove absolutely all weeds. In this way, you can get rid of a number of pests that lay their larvae in the upper soil layer and on weeds.

Digging a site to the depth of a shovel bayonet with uniform application of humus and superphosphate, recently many gardeners have been using walk-behind tractors, which greatly simplifies and speeds up the process.

The marking of the site and the preparation of trenches or planting holes, the choice of planting method at the discretion of the gardener.

Choosing raspberry penguin seedlings for planting

The choice of planting material is probably the most important and problematic period in the creation of a raspberry tree.In the markets of the country, there is a huge offer of all kinds of seedlings; perhaps even the most experienced gardener will not be able to recognize all varieties, by the root and 20 cm of the stem. We have to rely on the seller's honesty.

Important! It is recommended to buy planting material in previously known farms, as well as shopping centers. Sellers must provide a quality certificate for the products they have, and give guarantees for the variety.

It depends on the grower how healthy and viable the seedling will be purchased. The tips for beginners are pretty simple:

1. Choose shoots only with unopened buds, full leaves are a bad sign of survival.
2. The height of the shoot itself is up to 40 cm.
3. The roots of the plant should outwardly look viable, from 15 cm in length. There should be no damage, any formations, as well as dried out areas. There are 3 buds in the root zone.

The order of planting bushes

It is better to plant raspberry bushes in spring from March to May, it all depends on the climatic conditions in the territory of residence. In hot and arid areas, it is best to do this in the fall, late September - October.

By and large, each gardener decides for himself what planting time will be preferable.

Sequence of landing:

1. Dip the seedling into the mullein and clay mash.
2. Carefully so as not to break, spread the roots and place in the prepared hole.
3. Sprinkle with earth to the root collar and tamp. The shoot is shortened, leaving 6 cm.
4. Spill with warm water (5 liters per plant), fill the places that have sagged as a result of watering.
5. Finally, be sure to mulch (layer at least 10 cm). Suitable mulch: peat, hay, straw, sawdust, etc.

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If the planting was done correctly with a slight twitching at the top, the plant should not be pulled out of the ground. Otherwise, the raspberries must be transplanted again.

In autumn plantings, a mound 10 cm high is formed above the root neck to prevent freezing of the lower buds.

Landing scheme. You can plant the Penguin using tape and pit methods. The gaps between the bushes should be 70-80 cm, and between the rows 1 meter.

Planting raspberries

Raspberry Penguin is planted in a prepared area. When choosing a site for planting, light, soil quality and groundwater level are taken into account. Saplings are purchased from reliable growers or obtained from the original bush.

Selection of seedlings

Saplings of the Penguin variety are purchased in nurseries. Healthy specimens with a developed root system should be chosen.

In the presence of a mother bush, remontant raspberries are propagated in the following ways:

• root suckers;
• cuttings;
• dividing the bush.

When self-propagating, they dig out the root shoots of raspberries 10 cm high. The plants are transplanted into a greenhouse and watered abundantly. After a couple of weeks, when the raspberries take root, they are transplanted to a permanent place.

In the fall, it is more convenient to propagate the raspberry variety Penguin by root cuttings. When loosening, a root is dug up and divided into strips 8 cm long. The cuttings are placed in furrows to a depth of 7 cm, covered with soil and watered. During the next season, young plants will appear, which are looked after by watering and feeding.

When transplanting raspberries, the Penguin is dug up from the root, which is divided into parts. The sections are treated with charcoal. The culture is transplanted every 10 years.

Site preparation

Raspberry Penguin prefers lighted areas with light fertilized soil. The ripening time and taste of berries depend on the presence of sunlight. When grown in the shade, yield drops and the fruit becomes less sweet.

Raspberry Penguin does not tolerate stagnant moisture. With a high location of groundwater, the root system is prone to decay.For this reason, raspberries are not placed in lowlands where moisture accumulates.

Advice! The culture is not planted after potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, any varieties of raspberries.

The best remontant raspberry Penguin develops in loamy soil. Limestone or dolomite is added to acidic soils. Before growing the main crop, it is recommended to plant green manure in the area: lupine or mustard. 3 months before the work, the plants are dug up and buried in the ground.

In addition to siderates, the soil under the raspberry tree is fertilized with humus in the amount of 2 buckets per 1 sq. m. When digging up the soil, 200 g of complex fertilizer based on potassium and phosphorus are applied.

Work order

Planting work is carried out in autumn at the end of September or early spring. The sequence of work does not depend on the season. Raspberries are planted in a prepared area.

The procedure for planting raspberries of the Penguin variety:

1. First, planting holes are dug with dimensions of 45x45 cm and a depth of 40 cm.A gap of 70 cm is made between the bushes.
2. The roots of the seedlings are placed in a growth stimulator for 2 hours.
3. The plant is lowered into a hole, the roots are spread and covered with earth.
4. The soil is compacted and abundant watering is performed.

Young raspberries are looked after by watering. Mulching with humus helps to maintain the moisture content of the soil.

Watering

Raspberry Penguin prefers good sunlight but also needs reasonable watering. Without moisture, the berries are crushed and often crumble.

The first watering is carried out in the spring, at the beginning of the growing season. It is better to make a good spill of the entire raspberry tree so that the earth is saturated with liquid to a depth of at least 20 cm.

After planting, it is better to moisten the bushes daily until there are persistent signs of rooting, that is, the appearance of young shoots.

In the future, an especially acute need for water arises during the period of flowering and formation of berries. The bushes are watered once a week, and more often in arid regions.

During the fruiting period, especially in the absence of precipitation, the frequency of watering can be increased up to 3 times a week.

At the end of the stage of active yield of the crop, abundant watering of the beds is carried out, it is desirable that the soil is saturated with liquid by 30-40 cm.

Important! The most acceptable way to moisturize raspberries is drip irrigation. Regular water supply directly under the bush. Excellent economy of a scarce water resource in some areas.

Habitat, behavior and food

The penguin obtains food for itself in sea water. It feeds on cephalopods, crustaceans and fish. Dives to a depth of 30 meters, can stay under water for 20 minutes. In the water column, it moves at a speed of 10 km / h. Swims 30-40 km per day. During this time, dives dozens, and sometimes hundreds of times. From the water it can easily climb onto a high ice floe, as it is capable of jumping to a height of up to one and a half meters. While swimming near the water surface, it sometimes jumps, which resembles a dolphin. Drinks sea water with pleasure.

Excess salt is excreted from the body through special glands located above the eyes. On land, the bird moves quite quickly. Her normal speed on ice is 5-7 km / h. This is approximately equal to the speed of a calmly walking person. Penguins love to ride down ice slides. At the same time, they lie on their stomach and rush down. In this way, birds are able to make very long journeys.

These amazing birds live in the coastal waters of Antarctica. Although some species can be found in the south of South America, and even on the Australian coast. Many penguins live in the area between 45 ° S. sh. and 60 ° S. sh. But the largest species are concentrated just off the coast of Antarctica and on the islands closest to it. So the emperor penguin lives only in the coastal waters of the continent covered with eternal ice, and nests on its coast. King penguin took a fancy to the water area south of Tierra del Fuego. It can be found in the Shetland Islands, Orkney.He is also a resident of the Kerguelen archipelago, where the climate is quite mild. Chinstrap penguin its name speaks for itself. Its habitat is the coast of Antarctica. He also lives on the nearby islands.

Top dressing varieties of raspberry Penguin

After planting in prepared areas, raspberries do not need additional feedings for two years. In the future, for active fruiting and development, the bushes require additional nutrients. For this purpose, it is recommended:

1. The first application of top dressing immediately after the descent of the snow cover. Natural remedies are used: rotted manure, peat.
2. The second before flowering. Double super phosphate and potassium sulfate are added by dissolving them in water. Top dressing must be done at the root.
3. The final third feeding falls on the period of completion of fruiting and consists of humus or compost, and chicken droppings can also be used.

Important! Any top dressing must be done by loosening the aisles, always before watering and followed by mulching.

Correctly and on time fertilized bushes will delight you with a plentiful and tasty harvest, because raspberries always respond well to feeding.

Enemies

Everyone has enemies. The penguin did not escape this fate either. Killer whales and leopard seals are the animals that really threaten him. Albatrosses and skuas are dangerous for chicks. Huge seabirds are always on the lookout and can easily drag off a gape of a baby. Penguins, before entering the sea, behave rather strangely. They crowd on the shore, do not dare to jump into the water. This continues for a long time, until one of the birds dares to set an example for others. After that, the whole mob dives into the sea wave together. Maybe penguins struggle with fear of potential predators before hunting themselves.

♦ ♦ ♦

In 2006, a group of scientists led by the famous breeder I. Kazakov, brought out a new remontant variety of raspberries, which received the interesting name Penguin. He received such a name for a reason. Compact birds, which constantly keep their wings close to the body, resemble a bush of this variety. Raspberry Penguin is compact, short and rather slender.

In this article, we want to give a detailed description of the variety, show a photo of the Penguin and talk about what reviews he has among the professional circle of gardeners.

Garter shoots

The raspberry tree Penguin bears fruit quite abundantly, so the branches, under the weight of the berries, do not perfectly lean to the ground and the quality of the crop suffers noticeably. To preserve the harvest, it is better to make a garter.

The garter is best done on a trellis. At different ends of the rows, posts made of wood or any metal are hammered or buried. A wire or strong rope is tied to posts in 2-3 rows, at different heights.

It is better to fix each of the shoots of the bush to the wire individually. As it grows, it binds first to the bottom row, and then to the top.

In the case of pruning for two crops, it is better to carry out a separate garter. For this purpose, shoots of the second year of life are fixed on one side of the trellis, and young shoots on the other.

It is worth noting that this method of fixing shoots simplifies the removal of berries and caring for the plant itself.

Pruning Penguin raspberries

A feature of the development of the bushes is the constant formation of the shoots, which must be cut out regularly in order to prevent thickening, harmful to raspberries.

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Sanitary pruning is done regularly in the spring, summer and fall. Cut out, preferably under the root, dried and completed fruiting shoots. And also the sick, infected with pests and frozen.

Repaired raspberries are cut in two different ways, depending on the desired multiplicity of fruit recoil:

First option

Shoots that have lost the ability to actively bear fruit are cut out at the root, and young shoots are shortened by 10-15 cm, the first harvest of the next year will be formed on them. With this pruning, the plants will bear fruit twice, the second stage falls on September-October.

This method is not desirable in areas with early frosts, the berries of the second wave will still not have time to ripen and will be destroyed by frost.

To increase the yield when pruning, you need to leave 3-4 of the most powerful shoots.

For lovers from warm regions, picking raspberries in October is a godsend.

Second option

Complete root cutting of the entire bush. Allows to achieve higher fruiting results, as well as better quality berries.

Also, the advantage of this pruning can be called the fact that the fruits will ripen early and the crop will not be destroyed by frost.

Harvesting and processing

The first crop ripens around mid-July or a little later, and the last one by the end of October. You need to pick berries as they ripen. They usually come off well from the stalk and do not fall apart in the hands. After harvesting, the berries retain their commercial qualities for a long time. They do not wrinkle, do not let the juice in, if they are carefully removed from the stalk and placed in shallow harvest boxes in one or two layers.

Most often, Penguin raspberries are used for making desserts, winter preservation

Since the raspberry Penguin has an average taste, it is most often used for making desserts, winter preservation. It makes a delicious compote, jam, jam, but, of course, you have to add a little more sugar than when cooking these sweets from sweeter varieties of raspberries. This variety is also suitable for drying, freezing. But fresh, raspberry Penguin berries are not to everyone's liking for their taste.

Breeding features

Raspberry Penguin gives a rather meager number of shoots, therefore, in order to stimulate the growth of root shoots, many gardeners use a little trick.

Using a shovel, blows are inflicted with low force in the root area, slightly incising the rhizome. After such damage, the so-called "nettle" begins to grow.

When the growth reaches a height of 25-30 cm, it is dug up and used as a planting material for reproduction.

King penguin and man

Penguins, whose nests are located in places accessible to humans, have been killed by sailors since the 18th century. The uncontrolled extermination of penguins on some islands continued until 1918, when the number of some colonies dropped to a critical level. Today, thanks to many years of conservation measures, the number of king penguins on all islands has been fully restored.

Wintering raspberry varieties Penguin

Raspberries of the Penguin variety are not distinguished by high frost resistance - 26 is its limit, therefore the best wintering option is cutting at the root. With this method, the roots under the snow cover easily tolerate frost.

Also, this method is an excellent prevention of raspberry diseases and the destruction of insect parasite nests. The cut shoots must be removed from the site and burned.

If pruning was carried out for the purpose of obtaining two fruiting, the bushes must be covered for successful wintering.

Powerful branches of boles are not so easy to bend to the ground, therefore, to hide them at a height of 30 cm, they pull a wire, to which the shoots are subsequently bent and tied.

From above, the plants are covered with roofing material, plywood, special paper and other non-woven materials.

How to care for raspberries

The repairing standard variety does not require any special care. The yield depends on a number of factors:

• choosing the right site;
• type of soil (raspberries do not grow well in lowlands, on clay, acidic soils);
• the degree of illumination (with a lack of light, the growth rate of the bushes slows down, the berries become smaller, their taste worsens).

  

Watering

Water the bushes regularly, especially after planting and if there is little rainfall. This variety is characterized by low drought resistance, therefore, special attention is paid to watering. A good effect is provided by the arrangement of drip systems, when the soil remains moderately moist all the time and does not dry out.

Fertilization

If the soil before planting raspberries was filled with fertilizers (including nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) according to all the rules, then in the first years they do without fertilizing.

ON A NOTE! For better assimilation of nutrients by the culture, it is advisable to combine all fertilizing with watering.

In early spring, raspberries are fed with organic matter - compost, humus, rotted manure, which contributes to the rapid growth of shoots. During the growing season, complex fertilizers are applied, as well as infusions from fermented herbs (nettle, yarrow, comfrey).

In the fall, it is recommended to feed the bushes with potash or phosphorus fertilizers.

Formation of bushes

The undoubted advantage of this variety of raspberries is the compactness of its bushes, which is why in the summer they do not need pruning, molding, and garter.

The bushes give few shoots, the branching is weak, the height is small, so they often do without trellises. As a remontant variety, the Penguin is cut off almost completely in the fall, leaving small stumps.

Wintering

The variety can withstand frosts down to minus 25, at lower temperatures it freezes. Needs shelter for the winter, when, after the autumn pruning, the roots of the bushes are sprinkled with hay, straw, sawdust. Snow will serve as additional protection; additional shelter will be required in the season with little snow.

Pest and disease control

Raspberry Penguin is very rarely exposed to diseases, but can be attacked by insects. The most common pests are:

1. Stem fly. Treat during the growth of shoots with the Karbofos insecticide.
2. Raspberry beetle. Can be destroyed with Confidor.
3. Stem gall midge. Before the flowers appear, treat the plantings with Karbofos insecticide.

During the flowering period, only biological products can be used, according to the instructions for use.

Prevention measures

In order to prevent infection and reproduction of insect pests, the following measures must be taken:

1. Loosen the soil between the bushes regularly to a depth of 8 cm so as not to damage the superficial root system. This will destroy the nesting sites of parasites.
2. Conduct frequent visual inspections of plantings, timely identify and cut out drooping tops, neoplasms on the stems, as well as dried and damaged areas. Waste must be burned.
3. Spent mulch and all garbage in the fall are removed and taken out from the site.

For the purpose of prophylaxis, it is necessary to carry out a double, with an interval of two weeks, treatment with 3% Bordeaux liquid, always before the flowers appear.