Valiant grapes: description of the variety, planting and care features, reviews

The Valiant grape is an early ripening variety (late August - early September). The variety was bred by the American breeder R. M. Peterson. The plant is frost-resistant - it can withstand up to -45 degrees. In general, grapes are considered a heat-loving crop that can grow only in the southern regions, but recently many varieties have appeared that can withstand fairly large frosts. Among these species are the Valiant grapes, which are distinguished by excellent winter hardiness.

Breeding history

The appearance of the variety is a successful work of a foreign breeder, obtained by crossing Riparia and Fredonia. The breeding experiments were officially completed in 1967, and varietal testing of the Valiant grapes began only in 1972.

The variety got its name for a reason, which means "brave". It is characterized by high frost resistance, excellent yield and early ripening period.

Comparison with analogues

Next, let's try to compare "supaga" with another Latvian variety ("guna"), as well as those most similar to it.

Description of the variety

The description of the Valiant grapes says that it has small bunches, about ten centimeters long. The berries are small, rounded, with large bones inside. The skin is easily separated from the pulp. After ripening, the berries turn dark blue, almost black.

With the onset of technical maturity, grapes are gaining a fairly high sugar content - it fluctuates between 18-24%. Valiant grapes are characterized by increased acidity - up to 10 g / l. The berries taste like Isabella. Grape juice is strongly colored, it has a delicate strawberry flavor with hints of currant and pineapple.

The vine is highly developed, with excellent productivity. Under good conditions, there are up to 4 brushes on one shoot.

The variety belongs to the early ones. Even in those regions where other varieties are not grown due to cold weather, Valiant feels great and has time to ripen by the end of August and the beginning of September.

Appearance

The grape leaf is large, grows not quite regular in shape, it is rounded, most often whole, but at times it is three-lobed. The color of the leaves is light green. The leaves have a deep petiole notch, often closed, narrow, with overlapping lobes. Felt pubescence is present on the lower surface of the leaf.

The fruits of the grapes are relatively large, their size is about 22x25 mm, oval in shape. At first, Wildera berries are dark pink in color, but over time, as they ripen, they turn black with a dark purple tint, and are also covered with a dense waxy coating.The flesh of Wildera berries is fleshy and juicy, the unusual taste goes well with subtle strawberry notes. Each fruit contains about 2-4 large seeds. The peel of berries of medium density, eaten, torn, is practically not felt when eating.

Appetizing berries are collected in loose clusters of medium density and size, the weight of each of which varies from 500 to 900 grams. The bunches are conical or cylindrical in shape, but still sometimes you can find winged ones with long legs. By themselves, the Wilder clusters are very elegant and attractive. They have an excellent presentation, which will contribute to high levels of sales and prices.

The bush is of moderate vigor, has a system of shoots that branch quickly. The vine ripens relatively early each year than some other varieties. The flowers are functionally female. Without a doubt, the best varieties for pollination of this variety will be Lydia, Isabella, Nagrada, Violet Early, Chassela Ramminga and Extra.

"Wilder" has a high frost resistance, which surpasses many grape varieties in Europe. On the roots of a frost-resistant stock, it hibernates under a layer of earth, which reaches 20-25 cm.

The yield is quite good, about 88 kg / ha. Sometimes you can collect from 5 to 8 kg from one bush. "Wilder" has an average ripening period. You can harvest the crop in mid-September. Fruit peeling was not previously observed. The sugar content of the berries reaches 18-25%, and the acidity is about 6-9 hl.

To get elegant clusters and a good harvest, it is necessary to carry out additional pollination and be sure to pinch the shoots before they bloom.

On the territory of Russia "Wilder" is moderately resistant to mildew and other diseases. This variety has low resistance to such a pest as phylloxera, therefore, in wet years, when there is a lot of precipitation, it must be systematically sprayed with Bordeaux liquid, which consists of a solution of copper sulfate (CuSO4) and milk of lime (5H2O) and is used as a fungicide. The variety has excellent transportability and is suitable for long-term storage.

"Wilder" is recommended for cultivation in the central regions of Primorye, as well as in the southern regions of the Khabarovsk Territory. These high quality table grapes can be used to make delicious juices, fruit drinks or wonderful wine, which is rich in ruby ​​color and with a pleasant aroma. Berries can also be eaten fresh, as they have a sweet and juicy taste.

You will not regret if you decide to choose this particular grape for your garden plot. It will delight you and your loved ones with its high yields and will decorate your garden.

Valiant grape variety

Characteristics

The Valiant grape variety is resistant to fungal diseases, but in rainy weather the resistance decreases and there is a possibility that the plant will get sick. Because of this feature, for comfortable ripening of bunches, it is recommended to plant the variety in dry climatic zones. The variety is relatively resistant to mildew.

The main advantage of the variety is its phenomenal frost resistance. According to the assessment of the cultivation results of the variety, it is able to withstand up to -47 frosts, which is why it can not be covered even in regions where the temperature drops below -30, and also grown in Siberia, beyond the Urals.

Diseases and pests

The main threat to the variety is the defeat of downy mildew, or mildew. Treatment of a plant against this disease is carried out at the first signs of the appearance of a fungal infection. Such substances as captan, dichlorfluanid, folpet, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb, tiram, tsineb are effective against mildew. A good effect is obtained by using a combination of an organic fungicide with copper or sulfur.

To combat powdery mildew, or powdery mildew, dusting with sulfur should be used in dry and calm weather. A good effect is achieved by using the preparations "Karatan", "Baylon", "Topsin-M 70%" or "Rubigan", which are used exclusively after flowering.

Care features

The variety grows well on sandy, sandy loam, loamy soils. Despite its strong frost resistance, professional growers recommend gradually accustoming the variety to frost. To do this, in the first two winters, it is recommended to cover the vine in the usual way. In the third year, one sleeve is left on the trellis.

If in spring there is a sharp change of frost with thaw, then it is recommended to lower the vine to the ground for wintering or lay it on boards. From above it will be covered with snow.

Valiant is recommended for growing in northern regions. It can even be grown in the Leningrad region and other regions that are in the same latitude with it. The plant takes root well, gives an accelerated spring start, grows intensively and brings a good harvest every year.

Wilder grape

A fairly well-known hybrid variety "Wilder" or as some gardeners call it "Wilder" or "Wilder" is considered one of the best "isabel" grape varieties. It was bred in 1858 in the US state of Massachusetts by crossing the European Carter grape and the American Black Hamburg grape.

In recent years, "Wilder" has been widespread in the north of Moldova, as well as in the northern regions of Ukraine. This grape was brought to Russia in about 1957-1962. Today it is very common in vegetable gardens, household plots and vineyards, most often found in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories.

Landing

To get a beautiful, powerful plant, you need to choose the right place for it. The grapes love sunny places, sheltered from the winds. Because of this feature of the vine, it is recommended to plant it near a fence or arbor, so that the plant can develop normally.

Landing is carried out according to the general scheme. First, a planting pit is prepared, into which black soil, mineral fertilizer are introduced in accordance with the instructions attached to it. Everything gets mixed up. Then water is poured into the pit and the plant is placed, sprinkled with soil.

Plant seedlings are placed at a distance of 50 cm from each other. The depth of the holes is about 40 cm, around the plant the soil is mulched, watered.

To get a stable and high yield, it is necessary to carry out timely pruning, water the plant and apply fertilizer.

Testimonials

“Supaga is a very productive variety. Extremely frost-resistant and suitable for gazebos. " Igor Mikhailovich

"The taste is isable, even more strawberry, but practically without acid, I liked it." Valentin Sergeevich

“Very original taste, fruity pineapple with tropical fruit flavor, very sweet. In general, I liked the variety, I do not regret that I planted it. " Sergey, Rostov-on-Don

Pruning

Pruning of the plant is carried out during the ripening period, as well as in the fall. You can prune the grapes as needed throughout the growing season.

In early August, the shoots are shortened by thirty centimeters. This action allows the berries to receive more nutrients.

In the fall, the entire vine is pruned in accordance with the rules for the formation of grapes. Some gardeners carry out pruning in the spring.

Avalon

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Top dressing

And how to feed the grapes in the spring for a good harvest, how and what fertilizers are used?

In early spring, when there is still snow, superphosphate is added under the grapes - per 1 sq. m apply about 40 g of fertilizer. This type of fertilizer is difficult to digest, so it is recommended to apply it as early as possible in the spring. In this case, the nutrients from the granules will have time to be absorbed into the soil and will be ready for assimilation by the root system of the vine.

In May, the plant needs nitrogen to grow foliage. To ensure it, with the beginning of the awakening of the kidneys, it is recommended to water the vine with an infusion of chicken droppings. It contains a lot of nitrogen, as well as useful micro and macro elements, including magnesium and other useful substances.

To prepare an infusion of chicken manure, it is necessary to mix one part of a liquid substrate with two parts of water and leave to ferment in a warm place for a week. After that, the resulting concentrate is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. The finished solution is poured over the grapes, spending about a liter per vine. It is not necessary to pour the solution under the root, it is best to make a groove and pour the composition into it. Then the soil is leveled and spilled abundantly with water.

Many gardeners are wondering how else to feed grapes in spring for a good harvest? You can add an infusion of ash (1 l) and sugar (3 tablespoons) under the bush. The product is mixed and poured under the bush.

In old age, to do grapes: more than 500 bushes of 232 varieties on 30 acres

This is what a desire should be to take up grapes seriously at 60 (!)! And not just take 2 - 3 bushes, but plant them the entire plot of 30 acres. And not the first varieties that came across, but the newest, elite, from breeders. To Maria Afanasyevna Petran from Pruzhany, this does not seem to be something special: she has always dreamed of grapes. Now she is already over 70, but she has plans and ideas. Together with her husband Mikhail Vasilyevich, they spend whole days in the vineyard. It is not surprising: more than 500 bushes of 232 varieties. And everyone, as they say, the owners know "by sight."

The very first grape varieties appeared more than 40 years ago. These were "Aleshenkin" and "Amirkhan", taken in Pinsk in a strong point for viticulture. Time did not allow me to seriously engage in my favorite culture. And as she retired, she immediately moved to the village and in 2006 she laid out a vineyard, which she named "Anyuta" in honor of her mother and granddaughter. And the berries of the same name are very tasty and beautiful. Today, the house of Petrania in Dobuchin cannot be confused with any other: the vines (albeit forged) go along the gate and the fence.
"Anyuta". I dropped in to see them in late autumn. Frosts were expected, so the owners were preparing to protect the vineyard, in order not only to preserve the growing vines, but also to preserve the last, and therefore such expensive bunches. For the Petran spouses, the vineyard is not even a hobby, but life itself.And they themselves have been walking hand in hand for more than half a century. We met in 1961 in Sverdlovsk: it was there that Mikhail came to study from Pruzhany at the school that trains specialists for the metallurgical industry. Masha is from the Chelyabinsk region, she studied to be a signalman. They returned to Belarus in 1969.
The work in the vineyard is not easy, but it is so interesting. And how much joy (and pride!) You feel in autumn when you remove clusters weighing more than 1.5 - 2 kg! Despite all the weather twists and turns, there were the following this season: "Bohun" - almost 3.4 kg, "Vovchik" - about 2 kg. Pleased with "Akhiles", "Descendant of Rizimat", "Gift of Nesvetaya" ... The family's favorite variety "Atamanovsky" gave brushes of almost 3 kg. But Maria Afanasyevna is sure that if it were not for the acidic soils, the harvest would be even more significant. The largest berries were in "Anyuta" - almost 22 g. A couple of grams less in "Monarch" and "Hadji Murat".

Each season in the vineyard is a test of maturity and endurance: some varieties are replaced by others. Maria Afanasyevna believes that there is no need to waste time on varieties that are unpromising for one reason or another (albeit subjective). Already removed "Cosmonaut" and "Amirkhan", under question "Aleshenkin" and "Tukai". Most likely, he will refuse "Victor A" and "Antek". Petrani relies exclusively on early and very early varieties that ripen in 90 - 125 days. The collection is updated every year. There were years and 100 "new settlers" appeared on the site, in the past - only modest 20. And in this, thanks to his son (Mikhail was seriously carried away by grapes), 8 more new products appeared.

Maria Afanasyevna learns about new varieties from magazines and newspapers, as well as at winegrowers' exhibitions and from the Internet. My son gave me a computer, so he is slowly mastering it. Today, the collection of Petrania already has more than 60 new varieties: "Madonna", "Marusya", "Azon", "Zarya Nesvitaya", "Rose Nesvitaya", "In memory of the teacher", "Sponsor", "Descendant of Rizimat", "Wow" ("The Shamakhan queen") and many others.

There is, of course, Lily of the Valley. Many professionals believe that he has a great future. This is a hybrid bred by a Ukrainian amateur from Zaporozhye VV Zagorulko, who crossed "Talisman" and "Radiant Kishmish" and received a new promising form with an unusual taste and aroma. Lemon-yellow elongated fleshy juicy berries of an oval (almost cylindrical) shape. Sugar content - about 17 - 19%, and acidity - 5 - 7 g / l. The bunches are large, weighing 1 kg or more. Since the berries are located freely in them, they do not shrink or crush each other. But the main advantage of the variety (and regardless of the region of growth) is the nutmeg taste. It is enhanced by floral notes, of which acacia and lily of the valley tones stand out the most. Hence the name. "Lily of the valley" can withstand 21-degree frost (and under a film cover - up to minus 30), resistant to powdery mildew and mildew. The bunches can remain on the bushes for a long time, and the taste does not deteriorate.

Maria Afanasyevna is increasingly interested in raisins with no seeds in their fruits. There are also giant varieties in this segment, with clusters of 3-5 kg ​​(like Veles, for example).

We must pay tribute to Maria Afanasyevna: she tries to acquire all varieties from the originators-breeders. Together with her husband, she visited the vineyards of almost all famous Belarusian amateur winegrowers. But this was not enough. Then, at a family council, they decided to go to professionals in Russia and Ukraine. So they ended up at Kapelyushny's in Rostov-on-Don, at Pavlovsky near Novoshakhtinsk, at Bohdan Pavliy in Lvov and in Novocherkassk at the Institute of Viticulture with the daughter of IA Kostrykin - Svetlana Krasokhina. The Petranians really wanted to see the real southern vineyards. The way they are and what super-professionals should have. And I must say, we were satisfied with what we saw. And breeders accepted them as close people.Perhaps also because they saw genuine interest and excitement in the eyes of the Belarusians.

Today, the Petranians themselves are just right to receive delegations. Which, in general, they do, generously sharing their experience with everyone who wants to tame the sun berry. And their vineyard itself, as from the picture, is an example of cultivation techniques: clean, healthy, well-groomed.

"Novoselov" Maria Afanasyevna necessarily sends to quarantine. Treats seedlings with any insecticide, completely immersing them in a solution according to the instructions. Then it is wrapped very tightly in a film and so it withstands a day so that nothing superfluous, no infections can be brought to the site.

Every variety, regardless of where it grows, is under close supervision. At least three entries per year are made for each: after pollination, before harvest and in late autumn before pruning. This year, for example, "Madonna", "Descendant of Rizamat" and "Parisian" did not rot their berries even at the end of September. But at "Yulia" and "Gift of Ukraine" all the fruits were struck by gray rot. "Odysseus" and "Vovchik" were well pollinated, and "Jubilee of Novocherkassk" - on the contrary. Ozone delayed the harvest for almost a month.

Plants Maria Afanasyevna protects, the first 2 - 3 years gives the minimum load, without pity removing unnecessary brushes and leaving no more than 4 - 5 per bush. Top dressing (especially nitrogen fertilizers) is not abused. As soon as the buds begin to bloom, it gives an infusion of bird droppings, pouring it into the pipes-pits, buried 45 - 50 cm.

Every three years in the Petrani vineyard, aisles are plowed, making a ditch next to the bushes, into which manure is laid and then covered with earth. This supply of food is enough for 3-4 years. The rows are mulched with dark spunbond (50 cm on each side): the soil warms up faster, moisture is better retained, and the weeds do not bother. For the winter, so that in the spring the earth is better saturated with moisture, the black spunbond is removed. After pruning, the vines are treated with "Iron vitriol" - 400 g per 10 liters of water. Then they are tied to the lower trellis and covered with non-woven material used in road construction. But there were times when they insulated with straw, and on top of them with a film.

In the spring, in April (or as the weather permits), Maria Afanasyevna loosens the soil, brings in ashes and again covers it with dark agrotechnical cloth. Then he carries out the first treatment with "Azofos". The main problem is spring return frosts. Sometimes by this time the vines are already starting to grow. Therefore, he tries to quickly cover the vineyard with spunbond and make smoke. Before and after flowering (for prophylaxis against mildew), he treats the plantings with the systemic preparation Ridomil Gold. Oidium, as a rule, makes itself known later, when the berries begin to gain sugar. Therefore, it works with "Kumulus" or "Teovit Jet". These drugs have a very short waiting period - 1 - 2 days. Uses "Horus" against rot: it decomposes faster, and it holds up the defense well.

Iodine treatments are also used. For 1 liter of water - 5 g of iodine pharmacy tincture. Or 2 - 3 g "Potassium iodide" per 10 liters of water.

To increase the sugar content, many growers use Potassium Monophosphate. As shown by scientific studies carried out in industrial vineyards in Russia and Ukraine, sugar content in this case actually increases by 3-4%. But Maria Afanasyevna, so as not to cheat once again, relies on ash. She will accelerate the ripening of the vines, and add sweetness to the fruits. To prepare an ash solution, 1 liter of ash is poured into 10 liters of water, insists, filters for a day. As soon as the berries begin to pour in, he starts processing. During the season, he spends three sprays with an interval of 15 - 25 days.

For wasps (big lovers of grapes), the owners prepare traps. And not only from jam. Planks smeared with mouse-catching glue are spread throughout the vineyard. And to attract wasps, overripe pears are cut.

On the site near Petrania, vine rows run both from north to south and from west to east. But they still consider the north-south direction to be the most advantageous. The sun is lacking in the west-east berries. Why they ripen much later. The row spacing is the same everywhere - 3 m, in the row between the bushes - 2.5 m, so that the feeding area is larger.

Tapestries are mostly two-plane. They are more to Maria Afanasyevna's liking: both the vines are easier to spread out when sheltered, and the clusters are better illuminated.

Formation - fan-shaped four-arm. But gradually the growers intend to switch to a two-sided horizontal cordon, leaving 5 buds per vine.

Some varieties of Petrania are grown in the open field, and some (mostly large-fruited: "Arcadia", "New Gift of Zaporozhye", "Anyuta", "Aleksa", "Monarch", "Hadji Murat", "NiziNa" , "Count of Monte Cristo", "Nadezhda AZOS") - in the greenhouse. Therefore, in mid-October there were still a lot of bunches here.

The trellises in the greenhouse are very high - about 4 meters. So the son decided that the air would not heat up so quickly. The higher the structure, the less heat, and the photosynthesis goes better. In the greenhouse, hay is used as mulch. When it melts, hay sticks are formed. They are very beneficial because they produce amino acids, vitamins and enzymes that help plants fight various diseases. Including mildew and powdery mildew. In addition, hay infusion is also a good remedy for foliar nutrition of plants.

Before that, there was a greenhouse made of plastic, or rather, of plastic bottles. Mikhail Vasilyevich sewed it over the winter (and there is no other way to say it). Where I used the wire staples, where are the bolts. The greenhouse turned out to be prominent: both beautiful (each shred to shred), and voluminous - 4 x 15 m. But then they decided that the plants were uncomfortable under plastic. They disassembled it and put it on the fence.

A separate group on the site planted wine grape varieties - "Lepsna", "Kristall", "Spulga", "Supaga", "Novoukrainsky Early", "Platovsky" ... Though they have small berries (2 - 3 g), but very sweet ... And even those caught by the first frost remain fragrant and tasty. They make excellent juice and wine. And the vineyard itself with such varieties practically does not require special care. Vines for the winter can not be removed or covered. Pruning is carried out in the spring, removing excess shoots and vertically laying out the cordon.

“This year the“ Gift of Nesvetaya ”was the first to ripen in the open field: the first bunches were already on August 8,” the hostess sums up the season. - The variety is very productive, but the vines ripen poorly. "Achilles" turned out to be even sweeter than "Laura". Disappointed "Anniversary of the Kherson summer resident": 4 years so generously bearing fruit, and now, alas.

By the way, the last bunches of "Nizina", "Anthony the Great" and "Odessa Souvenir" by Petrani were removed in November.

Maria Afanasyevna admits that if she were younger, she would certainly create her own variety. Large-fruited, with a nutmeg flavor, a bunch of 1.5 kg and a deep pink berry from 20 g.

When asked what is the secret of good harvests, Maria Afanasyevna and Mikhail Vasilyevich were a little thoughtful. But then they answered in one voice that one should know and love grapes. And also to work. Otherwise, there will be no result. Indeed, as a gardener is, so is a vineyard. And in Dobuchin, as we see, both are at their best.

Natalia TYSHKEVICH, host of the "Garden and Vegetable Garden" edition.

(8–017) 287–19–31

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