Apple tree August - how to plant and care properly, variety description, yield

Apple trees are fruit crops that are found in every garden. The popularity of trees is associated with low growing costs, simple care that even a beginner can handle. Before planting young apple trees, gardeners recommend carefully studying the varietal characteristics in order to choose the right variety. Since breeders annually bring out new hybrids, it is quite easy to get lost in the assortment. We invite you to consider the description of the new generation variety - August. Well-known breeders worked on the creation of the hybrid, who carefully instilled in it a set of wonderful qualities.

What species does it belong to?

Apple-tree varieties Yellow sugar belongs to summer varieties.
Maturation occurs at the end of August... The apple tree belongs to the winter-hardy type of fruit trees. Medium scab resistant.

It is characterized by high productivity and drought resistance.

The preservation of fruits on average up to two months, however, depends on the correct storage of apples:

• temperature - 0 ° С;
• relative air humidity - 90-95%;
• storage in wooden containers is desirable;
• sizing fruits by size.

Crimean varieties of apples. Apple variety Kandil Sinap

The natural and climatic conditions of the peninsula contribute to the development of horticulture as the leading branch of agriculture in Crimea. The outstanding scientist-breeder I. Ryabov pointed out that each variety should occupy its own ecological niche. This opinion is very relevant for our region, which is characterized by rather harsh weather conditions: winter thaws, spring frosts, high air temperatures and insignificant amount of atmospheric precipitation.

The apple tree has always been, and still remains, one of the most important fruit crops in the region. Its significant distribution on the peninsula is due to the genetic plasticity of the culture, which provides a high degree of adaptation to the unfavorable natural and climatic conditions of the cultivation zone.

Modern horticulture uses intensive technologies for the cultivation of fruit crops, which significantly changes the requirements for varieties. Apple trees should be compact, low-growing. This makes it possible to place plants more densely on a unit of area and to rationalize the use of land. The restrained growth of the tree allows you to reduce the cost of pruning, harvesting and other agricultural activities.

The most important indicator of intensive apple varieties is early maturity, determined by the time when the trees begin to bear fruit. In the early stages, the payback period for the establishment of fruit plantations is significantly reduced. The resistance of varieties to diseases makes it possible to obtain environmentally friendly fruit products, and reduces the number of chemical treatments in the garden. This contributes to the improvement of the ecological situation, significantly reduces the cost of fruits and increases the efficiency of their cultivation.

It should be noted that the assortment of fruit crops, including apple trees, is not constant, but changes significantly over time. This can be seen on the example of changing the set of varieties on our peninsula.

Already in the middle of the 18th century, the apple tree was the dominant fruit crop.At that time, new varieties were constantly imported to the peninsula, the feasibility of growing which was determined only by specific owners of the gardens. Therefore, some varieties did not take a worthy place in the gardens of the Crimea. It follows that the question of the possibility of introducing a variety in a specific soil-climatic zone should be resolved only after studying the degree of manifestation of its economic and biological indicators in the cultivation zone.

In the 19th century, a significant part of the apple varieties on the peninsula was represented by the Sinap, the main difference between the fruits of which was their elongated shape. Sinaps were propagated by grafting on apple seedlings, so the root system of trees was powerful, reaching groundwater, this allowed the plants to survive in the driest period of the growing season. Since synap trees were powerful, they were planted at a considerable distance, this prevented excessive thickening and concentration of pests and pathogens in the plantings. Currently, synapses are grown on clonal rootstocks, the root system of which does not penetrate deeply into the soil, trees have limited parameters and are planted according to thickened schemes, therefore, native varieties lose a number of their advantages due to purely agrotechnical methods of cultivation.

The most common among Sinap was and remains the variety of autumn ripening period Kandil Sinap, the fruits of which attract the consumer with an elegant elongated shape with a delicate pink blush. The white juicy pulp has a pleasant sour-sweet taste. However, the plantings of this variety should be placed in places protected from the wind, because even L. Simirenko pointed out that even a "light breath of ether" causes a massive pre-harvest shedding of its fruits. At the same time, in a refrigerator, they are stored until May. Since the fruits of Kandil Sinapa have a relatively low taste in comparison with common industrial varieties, the variety differs in certain requirements for growing conditions, it does not occupy significant areas in the fruit plantations of the Crimea. This ancient variety has its admirers, but the fruits presented to the consumer should be large, well colored, free from disease and pest damage, only in this case they will be competitive with other industrial varieties and be in demand among consumers. The cultivation of apples of this quality is possible only when a high agronomic background is created.

Description of the variety Sugar yellow

The appearance of the apple tree is characterized by an average height of the tree, a dense crown of rich color and light green, large fruits.

Fast-growing, tall, sometimes exceeding 8 m.
The tree is morphologically similar to the Kitayka variety. The branches are orange-yellow in color.

The crown is quite spreading and lowered. Shoots are greenish-yellow, thin and straight.

The leaf is light green, large. It has an elongated shape with serrated edges.

Petioles are slender and long. The apple trees of Kitayka golden are often used for decorative purposes. Fruiting on ringlets.

To size medium (average fruit weight is 150 grams), rounded shape. The color of the fruit is beautiful yellow, passing with strokes into a red integumentary shade.

Apple pulp is creamy in color with a yellowish tinge, granular consistency. Apples sweet in taste with a slight sourish aftertaste... The skin is smooth with a waxy coating. Tasting score - 4.5-4.7.

Description of the apple tree of August

The apple tree belongs to the late summer triploid fruit crop species. Such plants are obtained by crossing different chromosomes. Thanks to the work of breeders, the August apple tree was bred in a similar way. Therefore, she has many positive qualities.The tree is different:

• large rounded crown;
• shoots are thick, slightly pubescent;
• bark on the trunk and main branches is gray;
• fruits of medium size, weighing 160 grams.

In addition to its beautiful appearance and tasty fruits, the August apple tree is appreciated for being unpretentious in care and easily surviving climatic anomalies.

Yield

The tree begins to bear fruit on fourth, maximum fifth year after planting. Ripening of fruits is necessary in mid-August. The consumption period starts at the end of August and lasts until the end of October.

The yield of the variety Sugar yellow is not high, due to the large apple crumbling... Apple fruit are characterized by good transportability.

Fruiting is regular, annual. On average from one tree remove up to 100 kilograms of the crop.

Feeding and pruning

If the plant is fertilized, then its growth will be significant. After planting, the apple tree needs to be fertilized with nitrogenous fertilizing. After a couple of years, potash-phosphorus fertilizers need to be applied. If the crown is formed correctly, the tree will bear fruit early. For the first time, the top of the tree is cut off. This will facilitate the rapid development of side shoots. Every year in the spring, you need to cut off damaged and aching branches.

Pollinating Varieties The tree requires constant pollination. Varieties with the same flowering time are best suited.

Planting and leaving

The yield and size of the fruits of the Sugar Yellow apple tree directly depend on care. When planting a tree, classical fertilizers are used.

Caring for an apple tree does not require much effort, since the variety is absolutely not whimsical to the soil and is resistant to fungal diseases.

Apple trees of this variety are planted in any of three seasons: autumn (late September - early October), spring (late April), summer (late July).
As practice has shown, it is best to choose autumn period for planting varieties Yellow sugar.

For a tree to grow strong, healthy and beautiful, the first thing you need to do is choose the right seedling.

When the seedlings have already been purchased, it is very important to choose the right place for planting the apple tree.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

• Despite the fact that the Sweet 16 variety is a novelty in the field of domestic horticulture, many have already fallen in love with it for a large number of significant advantages, in particular:
• strong immunity and increased scab resistance;
• excellent frost resistance;
• excellent taste and marketability of fruits;
• good yield indicators;
• the possibility of growing apple trees in a cool climate.

Since the described variety of culture is only gaining its popularity on the territory of our state today, many of its characteristics are under testing and have not been fully studied.

• Those who were engaged in the cultivation of the plant, among its shortcomings, note:
• unconventional spicy taste that many consumers may not like too much;
• not fully studied level of plant resistance to fungal diseases.

Diseases and pests

Trees of the Sugar Yellow variety are characterized by high resistance to various fungal diseases. The best method of treating apple trees for fungal diseases is prevention.

A number of additional complex measures that bring preventive action against various diseases of the apple tree:

• pollination with colloidal sulfur and copper compounds;
• the use of varieties with high disease resistance;
• destruction of the affected elements;
• application of fertilizers of potash and phosphorus type;
• introduction of ash into the soil;
• crown formation;
• replenishment with potash fertilizers;
• spraying with calcium chloride during the growing season;
• timely harvest;
• proper storage of apples.

Compliance with at least half of the above positions will save your tree from diseases such as scab, powdery mildew, fruit rot, fire blight and many others.

Let's briefly consider the signs and reasons for the appearance of some of them.

Scab feature - damage to the leaves of the tree, first of all, and then damage to the fruits.

The first signs of scab are the appearance of green-brown spots on the leaves, also in a large number of small brown, crusting spots on the fruit.

The burn is caused by the bacteria Erwinia amylovora. Unfortunately, the affected trees cannot be cured. They need to be destroyed as quickly as possible so that they do not infect nearby growing varieties. The causative agent of the disease is a quarantine object.

Bitter pitting most often develops due to an insufficient amount of calcium in the soil, an excessive dose of nitrogen fertilizers, high humidity, late harvest, as well as improper storage.
The disease manifests itself as dark brown depressed spots and affects the fruit in two ways: on the tree and during storage.

The next disease manifests itself most often after heavy rains.

Powdery mildew Is a fungal disease.

A characteristic feature of the disease is the appearance of a mycelium fungus in the form of a white coating on the leaves of trees. Infection occurs along the tree from bottom to top, until it fully attacks the tree.

Apple variety Yellow Sugar brings beautiful, tasty fruits with good consumer qualities and relatively long shelf life. With special preparation, the seedling will germinate in any soil.

The tree does not require much maintenance. Highly resistant to various diseases. In the case of pest infestation, treatment does not require special efforts. The only drawback is the strong crumbling of the fruit.

Watch a video on protecting an apple tree from pests and caring for it.

The history of the origin of the variety

As a result of many years of breeding work, the leading scientist of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for the Breeding of Fruit Crops, E.N.Sedov, together with a team, created 44 varieties of apple trees. Among them is the triploid variety Augusta, which was obtained in 1982 from hybridization of 8.5 thousand apple flowers Orlik and Papirovka tetraploid by breeders E.N. Sedov, Z.M. Serova, G. A. Sedysheva and E. A. Dolmatov.

The new apple variety is characterized by:

• high level of resistance to unfavorable winter factors;
• immunity to major diseases and pests;
• increased content of vitamin P (502 mg / 100 g).

A group of scientists led by E.N.Sedov created varieties of a new generation, such as the August apple tree

Features of planting and care

Landing time and scheme

Landing dates coincide with the traditional for the region:

• In the springplanting must be completed before the plant wakes up and buds begin to bloom. This time falls on the end of March - beginning of April;
• Planting in autumncarried out in such a way that before the onset of stable frosts, the plant has enough time to adapt to the soil. The best time for autumn planting is late September - early October;
• Summer landing is also possible - at the end of July, then it is necessary to strictly monitor the soil moisture.

Watch a video about the features of summer landing:
Mature plants will form a fairly wide crown., this fact must be taken into account when landing. The distance in the garden between rows should be at least 5.0 - 6.0 meters, and between plants in a row - at least 3.5 - 4.0 meters.

Planting scheme for fruit crops.

Agricultural technology cultivation

Easy to grow variety, since it is quite persistent and unpretentious. Young plantings require more attention.

Apple tree care

Wood care solvet:

1. The seedling needs to be watered regularly in the evening, adding at least 10 liters of cold water at a time.First, they do it every 2-3 days. After the apple tree takes root and grows, the amount of watering is reduced, focusing on the level of precipitation and the condition of the leaves and young branches of the tree.
2. The soil in the trunk circle is kept clean of weeds. This is facilitated by a thick layer of mulch, through which it is difficult for them to break through. If they do appear, remove them and add mulch. Loosening the soil contributes to the flow of air to the roots. But this must be done carefully so as not to damage them. Use a pitchfork that is plunged vertically into the ground.
3. Fertilizing a planted tree in the first year of its life is not worth it. After all, it will receive useful substances from fertilizers harvested during planting. Then the apple tree is fed, applying nitrogen fertilizers in the spring and potassium-phosphorus fertilizers in the summer.
4. Watch out for pests. In the first year, these may be aphids or caterpillars. The branches are treated with an insecticide or sprayed with a decoction of tobacco, to which laundry soap is added as an adhesive. A 3% nitrafen solution is used to combat ticks. The branches that they damaged are cut off, the cut site is treated with copper sulfate and covered with garden var.
5. In winter, hares can damage the bark of an apple tree. To prevent this from happening, they wrap the trunk as high as possible with roofing material, reeds, burlap.

Features of ripening and fruiting

Fruiting

Start

The first ovaries may appear on an apple tree within three years after planting, but these will be isolated cases. Plant will start bearing fruit in the fourth or fifth year, and even then it will begin to bloom and bear fruit annually, and more abundantly every year.

Features of the

Most of the ovaries are formed on the ringlets, although the apple tree has a mixed type of fruiting. The fruits ripen on long, thin petioles. Depending on the growing conditions and care, the weight of an apple can range from 100 to 200g.

The weight of a yellow sugar apple is 100-200 grams.

Timing

Flowering

Depending on the region and the prevailing weather conditions, the apple tree blooms from the beginning of May to the end of the second decade of May. In the southern regions, flowering may begin in late April. Flowering is amicable, abundant, but not very long. The flowers are white, collected in inflorescences.

Fruit ripening

The sugar yellow variety belongs to the group of apple trees with summer fruit ripening. Under favorable conditions, the fruits ripen by mid-August, in the northern regions by the end of August.
The fruits ripen amicably and it is dangerous to be late with the harvest dates - the harvest may end up on the ground.

Deep yellow fruits, when fully ripe, a faint red shaded shade appears.

Harvest storage

Picked apples in a cold, dry room stored until October... Although the consumption period of apples is not very long, this disadvantage is compensated by their excellent taste.

Apples are red autumn varieties. Winter red apple varieties

Winter red apple varieties are very popular and are grown primarily for sale. They have excellent commercial qualities, as for transportability, this quality may vary. But even if transportation is possible only over short distances, the goods can be sold without problems in the nearest market - red apples are snapped up very quickly.

Winter red apple varieties

• "Spartan" is a medium-sized tree with a round, medium-dense crown. Fruits are medium in size - 150 g, rounded, flattened on top. The rind is thick, dense, red (even more burgundy), there is a purple bloom. The pulp is white, juicy and crispy. Suitable for fresh consumption. Transportability is good - fruits are stored until April. The yield reaches 100 kg / tree.
• "Gloucester York" is a dessert variety of red apples from Germany, ripening towards the end of September. Produces large, up to 200 g, red-skinned fruits. The shape is conical, elongated, with pronounced ribs.The taste is excellent - sweet, with a slight sourness - suitable for both children and adults. The tree is vigorous, bears fruit by the year 5. Productivity - 70 kg / tree. Among the disadvantages, there is a low resistance to disease. Needs pollinators (Jonathan, Gala). Good winter hardiness is noted, transportable.
• Florina bears fruit from 3 years after planting. Medium-sized tree with a thickened crown. Productivity at 10 years of age is 60 kg / tree. Fruits 110-145 g. The shape is cylindrical, with ribs. The color is almost completely red, but this is only a blush - the main color is light yellow, it appears in the form of rare light dots. There is a plaque. The pulp is yellowish, crispy, sweet - consumed only fresh. Stored until early spring, and in good conditions until May.
• Red Delicious is a red apple with very beautiful, dark red apples with crispy white flesh. The tree is of medium height, the crown is pyramidal back. Productivity can reach 150 kg / tree with good care. The fruits are ribbed, which is especially visible in the lower, narrowed part, an average of 150 g. The peel is glossy if the fruits are young. It is consumed fresh, it is not recommended to bake and use for heat treatment.

  

  Winter red apple varieties 1

• "Jonathan" has not very large fruits - up to 130 g. The shape is conical, more rounded on top, at the stalk. The coat color is red, orange stripes are possible. The pulp is very aromatic, dense, crunchy. The fruits are stored right up to May! The tree itself is low, with a wide crown of medium density. The yield ranges from 18 to 85 kg / tree, depending on its age and care.
• "Gloucester" is a variety of red apples of German selection. The tree is vigorous - it develops quickly. Productivity 35-75 kg / tree - depends on the age of the crop. Fruits are large, up to 200 g, conical, ribbed. The color is almost completely light red, but this is only a blush, under which a light yellow main background can appear. The pulp is creamy, sweet and sour in taste. Fruits are stored until February, and in the refrigerator until mid-spring.
• Gala Mast is a New Zealand variety. Productivity 75-90 kg / tree. Fruits weighing 135 g, round. The color is initially yellow-golden, but when ripe changes to red. Winter hardy, not afraid of powdery mildew. There is also a similar variety called Gala, also from New Zealand. But it has a less intense fruit color, although otherwise they are very similar.
• "Liberty" is a variety of American-bred red apples. Fruits are medium, weighing 110-150 g. The shape is round, the peel is thin, usually not peeled before use. The color is dark cherry. The pulp is sweet with sourness, juicy and firm.
• Fuji is a Japanese apple variety with large apples. The color of the fruit is red with greenish dots. The pulp is very sweet, which is the reason for the spread of the variety around the world. They are consumed raw, but you can also make juice. Stored for 4 months.