Photo gallery
The fruits of these crops are distinguished by juicy, delicate pulp of an excellent dessert taste.
Main advantages
The main advantage of the late varieties is that the fruit can be stored for a very long time. This allows delicious pears to be eaten even in April. The main thing is to store it correctly.
Store fruits at low temperatures in well-ventilated areas. Hard fruits are removed from the trees during harvest. However, do not worry, as they acquire their maturity and unrivaled taste during storage.
One of the important advantages is its excellent portability. This makes late-ripening domestic pear varieties attractive for industrial cultivation. The advantages include frost resistance and versatility. The fruits make excellent preparations for the winter. Compotes and dried fruits replenish the vitamin reserve in winter.
According to gardeners' reviews, the only drawback of late varieties is that the fruit will have to wait a long time.
Description of pear "Autumn sweet"
Pear "Autumn sweet" is one of the best autumn varieties, since it is not inferior to southern specimens in taste. Differs in high frost resistance, good yield and scab resistance. In the description of the "Autumn Sweet" pear, bright yellow, juicy, oily, fruits of pleasant taste and aroma are noted. Ripening occurs in late September - early October.
Variety "Buttery sweet" has large fruits of regular, pear-shaped shape with a thin, yellow-straw skin and a slight blush. The pulp is white, juicy, oily, sweet, of good taste. Fruiting for 5-6 years. Disease resistance is high.
Reviews of late varieties
- Svetlana, 56 years old.“I consider myself an experienced summer resident and just love pears. I grow 3 Beers on my own garden plot, but I was not lucky with Duchess - it was frozen out. I think that it is the Bere variety that is the best - it is tasty, it can be stored for a long time and gives a large and plentiful harvest, and it is not picky about care. "
- Nikolay is 34 years old.“I bought a winter variety of pears for my own summer cottage - Belorusskaya Late, which took root perfectly and for 4 years the whole family was harvesting from it. Delicious and juicy fruits - the whole family feasted on them before the New Year. I consider winter varieties of pears to be the best option for the middle latitudes of Russia, since many of them perfectly tolerate winter and do not freeze. "
- Irina, 66 years old.“I have my own private house and a huge garden - apples and grapes, currants and, of course, pears. Due to the fact that they live in Sochi, my favorite pear variety is Duchess. The aroma is incredible, juicy and sweet, has a long shelf life - what else can you say? Even my beloved dog eats pears with pleasure - if the climate permits, be sure to plant Duchess in your house. But I want to say right away - he is very picky, but with the right approach, he will delight you with a wonderful harvest and incredibly tasty fruits. "
Sweet pear variety
Variety "Vidnaya" - sweet pear of summer ripening period. It has elongated, symmetrical fruits with a greenish, dense skin. The pulp is firm, yellowish, very juicy, with a good dessert taste. Ripening is uneven, occurs at the end of August.Pears of this variety are consumed immediately after picking, they cannot be stored. Productivity, frost resistance and disease resistance are high.
Variety "Otradnenskaya" suitable for home preparation and preservation. Fruits are rounded, ribbed, with a greenish-red skin. Fruiting is abundant, regular. Transportability is good. The culture is partially self-fertile.
For central Russia, frost-resistant, well-developing and fruiting in any conditions, unpretentious varieties of sweet pears, described below, have been bred.
Description and characteristics of the variety with photo
Belorussian late joined the ranks of winter pears. A variety was bred from the seeds of "Dobraya Luiza", after its repeated uncontrolled pollination by Belarusian breeders.
A medium-sized tree rarely exceeds 5 m in height, most often remaining within 3 meters. The crown of a pear is round, voluminous, often reaching up to 4 meters. The frost resistance of trees is high - they winter calmly when the temperature drops to -30 ° C.
Skeletal branches with the trunk form an almost right angle, only the very tips lifting up. Shoots have a medium thickening, geniculate, round in cross section; their color is light brown, there is a slight pubescence. The bark is covered with multiple lentils.
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For your information! The Belarusian variety is constant in fruiting, gives high yields.
Unlike the shoots, the conical buds of the pear are not pubescent. The green mass is represented by light green oblong-elliptical leaves. Smooth plates are framed with small denticles.
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Pear flowers are large, most often snow-white. They do not open together, stretching the flowering period by almost 3 weeks, therefore, returnable spring frosts take only part of the color.
Fruits are formed on complex and simple ringlets. Fruiting begins from 3-4 years of age. Pears ripen by the end of September.
Fruit characteristics
Belorussian late is not distinguished by particularly large fruits: their average weight is only 120 g. But all the pears on the tree are broadly pear-shaped and almost the same size.
The light, rough skin of pears is covered with light brown ripples. Removable maturity - a green pear that has ripened in lying position, by the time of consumption it becomes yellow-orange in color. Sometimes the cover color can have a raspberry tint.
The ripened fruits themselves are quite juicy, medium-density white flesh is slightly oily and unexpectedly tender. There is a pleasant sourness in the sweetness of the pear.
Harvesting
It is customary to harvest Belorussian late in mid-September. The fruits are removed with a fruit-collecting bag, in which the bottom is unfastened, which greatly facilitates its emptying. The harvested pears must be protected from mechanical damage, detachment of the stalk.
The culture is high-yielding, a young tree is able to give almost a centner of pears, and an adult - almost 180 kg, but much depends on the conditions of detention.
Together with the harvest, the initial sorting is carried out. All dubious fruits are processed. The dietary characteristics of the pear allow it to be used for many diseases.
Important! If frosts below -30 ° C are foreseen, then the tree trunk must be wrapped with a covering material.
The best harvest indicators were noted in the Central and North-West regions, for which the variety was bred. Despite the resistance of the tree to cold weather, it is still recommended to cover it to prevent unexpected frosts. The trunk is wrapped with paper, straw, hay rope. The near-trunk circle is covered with shavings so that the surface roots do not freeze.
Harvest storage
For long-term storage, pears are best kept in a wooden container and stacked with straw.Some gardeners wrap each fruit with a newspaper, but this is not worth doing, since the paint very easily gives up its chemicals to the fruit. Soft straw should be selected so as not to punch the skin; you need to lay it evenly. Rye straw is most suitable.
The temperature in the pear storage room should be no more than + 8 ºС. If these conditions are met, the fruits can last until spring.
Important! The tendency of the variety to thicken the crown leads to loss of yield. The culture needs regular anti-aging circumcision.
Sweet juicy pear
Pear "Thumbelina" - juicy, sweet pear of autumn ripening period. It has small, ovoid, symmetrical fruits with a dessert taste. The skin is yellow, with rusty spots. The pulp is creamy, melting. It is consumed fresh. Stored until January. Average annual yields. Fruiting 7-8 years after planting. Winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases are high.
Advantages and disadvantages
The Belarusian late pear has many positive qualities:
- High index of frost resistance;
- Early maturity;
- Long-term preservation of fruits;
- High productivity;
- Drought resistance;
- Good transportability.
Gardeners consider the main advantages to be the improvement of taste after ripening in boxes.
Disadvantages of the variety:
- With a high yield, the fruits become smaller;
- Exposure to scab
- Demanding pruning;
- Immunity to fire blight.
On a note! Abundant harvests weaken the pear and make it susceptible to disease.
Other sweet pears
Pear "Yeseninskaya" - a variety of juicy, sweet pears. Fruits are of medium size, weighing up to 150 g, one-dimensional, pear-shaped. The skin is light green, yellow-green when removed. The pulp is semi-oily, with fine granules around the core, has a light nutmeg aroma and a pleasant taste.
The fruits are used fresh, and also go to the manufacture of high-quality products (preserves, marmalade, jam, pavidla). The variety is fast-growing, gives bountiful harvests, up to 50 kg per tree. Average frost resistance; in severe winters, fruit formations can freeze slightly.
Storage rules
The fruits of winter varieties of pears can be stored for a long time, until the end of winter, but in order to preserve their own, harvested crop, it is necessary to properly preserve it.
In this regard, take into account the following storage rules:
- Containers for storing pears must be made from natural materials.
You can store the crop in the cellar or pantry, refrigerator or in a cool room - the room itself must be dry and clean, without mold.
- Optimal temperature storage conditions for pears there is 1-3 ° C, humidity - no more than 80-85%. If you do not follow this regime, the fruits will quickly become attached and begin to rot, disappear.
- The room must be well ventilated, in order to avoid moisture accumulation and mustiness. If the humidity is high, place a container with lime in the room, which will absorb excess moisture from the air.
- Optimal storage of the pear in a clean, perforated and natural material - wood or cardboard, containers with holes for ventilation, sprinkling them with sawdust or dry straw.
There is no container - put the fruits on shelves covered with paper and it is optimal to sort out fruits at least once a month, removing spoiled and rotten ones.
Varieties of juicy sweet pears
Pear "Sentyabrina" - early autumn variety. Fruits are one-dimensional, elongated pear-shaped, weighing 130-160 g, isosceles with a smooth surface. The skin is dark green, yellow-green when fully ripe, dry, dull. The pulp is creamy, dense, juicy, sweet, with barely noticeable sourness. The appearance of the fruit is quite attractive. Ripens at the end of August. The shelf life is 20-30 days. When ripe, the fruits do not crumble. Fruiting for 4-5 years. The yield is average.The variety is resistant to winter and spring frosts. Not affected by gall mites.
For cultivation in the Urals, breeders have bred such sweet pears:
Care rules
Pear care is carried out taking into account its variety, but for the most part, depending on the season, the main points of tree care can be distinguished:
- Care in the spring... At this time, the insulation is removed from the tree. If for the winter it was insulated to avoid freezing, the soil is carefully loosened, forming a near-trunk circle, fertilizers are applied - complex and organic. Before the sap begins to flow, the tree should be pruned, forming a crown if necessary and removing affected and dry shoots. It is also worth carrying out preventive treatment against garden pests and infections that have wintered in the ground or in the bark of a tree.
- Care in summer... During this period, the main thing is regular watering of the tree - on hot days, watering is carried out in the evening, adding 3-4 buckets of water at the root. If necessary, carry out an inspection for damage by garden pests and infection and, accordingly, timely processing of the tree.
- Care in the fall... During this period, care is similar to spring activities - pruning and preventive treatments against pests, autumn feeding - with nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium. In addition, preparing the tree for winter, which is expressed in whitewashing the boles and the base of the stem, digging the trunk circle and sprinkling it with a layer of peat, sawdust or foliage 20-25 cm high.
Photo gallery
The main characteristics of these individuals are winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests, yield, good fruit taste.
One of the most widespread varieties in the Urals is the Berezhenaya pear. It is a tall tree with a pyramidal crown. Fruits are round, yellow, weighing up to 100 g.
The pulp is juicy, tender, oily, pleasant sweet taste with sourness. Fruiting is abundant, regular. Fruit collection begins at the end of September.
Pear "Berezhenaya" is used fresh, as well as is used to make jams, compotes, dried fruits, wines.
Pear "Daughter of the Messenger" - highly winter-resistant, medium-sized tree. Fruits are round, weighing up to 100 g, bright green hue. The pulp is white, slightly juicy, crispy, aromatic, without astringency. Ripens in mid-August - early September. The shelf life is 1-2 weeks. The variety is winter-hardy. The yield is annual.
Features of planting and caring for a pear
Having chosen Autumn Sweet for your site, it is necessary to apply in practice the rules for planting and caring for this variety.
Landing rules
Compliance with the rules for planting seedlings is of utmost importance. Let's take a closer look at what you need to pay special attention to.
Choosing the best seedlings for planting
Saplings are best purchased in nurseries, while you need to pay attention to the following subtleties:
- Sapling age. There is a misconception that fruiting will occur faster if you acquire tall, powerful seedlings 3-4 years old. However, it is these trees that can be painful and die. Saplings 1–2 years old take root well. They can be distinguished by the thickness of the stem, which is 12 mm. One-year-olds lack lateral branches, two-year-olds may have several branches, up to 30 cm long.
- Root system. The roots should be well formed and at least 30 cm long, free from damage and growth. It is recommended when making a purchase to choose seedlings with open roots.
- View of the trunk and branches. They should be of a uniform color, and spots and blotches indicate diseases of the seedling.
Choosing a landing site
The optimal conditions for the growth of Autumn Sweet are places protected from drafts. The most suitable option is plant a pear tree on a warm slope or area on the south side of the house. It is not recommended to plant a pear in lowlands and places with stagnant cold air.Shading by other trees should not be allowed in the area of the growing tree.
We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the features of growing autumn varieties of pears:
Landing scheme
It is necessary to plant seedlings according to the 6x3 or 5x4 m scheme. In this case, the procedure should be carried out according to the instructions below:
- In the fall, you need to prepare a pit, the diameter and depth of which are 60–70 cm. Introduce 15 kg of humus and 500 g of superphosphate into the pit.
- Before planting in the spring (April-May), dip the roots of the seedling in a "chatterbox" of clay and water.
- When lowering the seedling into the hole, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the root collar is raised above ground level by 1.5 cm.
- Straighten the roots of the seedling and fill the planting hole with earth.
- Water the seedling and mulch the soil.
Watering and feeding
In the first 2-3 weeks after planting, the pear tree needs watering. This helps to strengthen the root system. In dry summers, be sure to water the pears abundantly. Trees of Autumn Sweet experience a special need for this procedure during growth (in June) and pouring of fruits (in August). When watering, it is necessary that the soil layer is moistened by 50–70 cm. During the season, you need to carry out 5-6 waterings with an abundant amount of water. At the beginning of August, the last watering is carried out.
Top dressing is required 3-4 years after planting. The fertilization rate is as follows:
- organic - it is introduced in the fall once every 3 years into the near-trunk circle when digging up the soil (3-5 kg of humus or compost will be needed per 1 m²);
- nitrogen - is applied every year in spring (for 1 m² you need 20-30 g of ammonium nitrate);
- phosphorus-potassium complex - is introduced in the fall into circular grooves with a depth of 40-50 cm.
Video: pear fertilization
Pruning methods
There are 2 ways to trim:
- Shortening. In this procedure, parts of shoots and branches are partially removed. It promotes growth of shoots, thickening of branches and helps buds to develop.
- Thinning. This is the complete removal of shoots and branches. The procedure helps to keep the crown from thickening and contributes to a generous harvest.
Cutting technique: a) shortening; b) Thinning Pruning should be done every year after the tree has overwintered. When the upper wood freezes, it is shortened by one third. In spring thinning, pruning is done “on the ring”, leaving no stumps.
Video: correct pear pruning
Whitewash
It is necessary to whitewash trees to protect them from mechanical damage, frostbite and sunburn. Whitewashing also helps to disinfect the stem and kill existing microbes. If you do not whitewash the bark, cracks may appear there, which will be chosen by microbes and pests, which will contribute to the infection of the tree.
In specialized stores, you can buy a ready-made solution, although it is easy to make it yourself. In 10 liters of water, add 1.5 kg of clay and 2 kg of lime and stir well. When whitewashing a seedling, it must be completely covered with a solution. An adult tree is whitened from the base of the trunk to the growth of the lower branches.
Preparing for winter
Preparing autumn sweet for winter, it is necessary to mulch the soil with humus or sawdust. This will protect the root system and prevent hypothermia.
To insulate the trunk, it should be wrapped with spruce branches, brushwood, burlap, non-woven cloth or other covering material. Small holes need to be made in it in order for air to circulate.
