Cabbage: Species, Description of the 33 Best Varieties

The cultivation of white cabbage requires from the gardener experience and knowledge about the characteristics of the culture and the conditions that it needs for normal development. To harvest a good harvest of cabbage, it is important not only to observe the technology of agricultural technology, but also to know in the face of its enemies - insect pests. When growing cabbage in the open field, you need to be able to protect plantings from diseases, otherwise all the work will be in vain. However, before you learn how to grow early cabbage, you first need to get to know the vegetable better.

White cabbage

Types of cabbage

Cabbage, so different

You can't tell right away that these are relatives, they are so different. But all the variety of species suffers from the same diseases, the main pests they also have in common. The benefits that representatives of the Cabbage genus bring are identical, with a slight difference in the ratio of vitamins, macro- and microelements.

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Diseases and pests

The culture is usually affected by fungal diseases common to all species of the cabbage family:

peronosporosis;
blackleg;
powdery mildew;
keel;
gray and white rot.

To combat them, crop rotation is observed, weeds and affected leaves are removed. Prepare a tincture of onion and garlic husks with soap and process the leaves with it.

Pests are also typical of the cruciferous family:

Cabbage fly.
Aphid.
Scoop.
Fleas.
Cabbage stem weevil.

It is not recommended to use chemicals to destroy pests, since the leaves are directly eaten. It is better to spray the plants with onion peel tincture with soap or powder with wood ash.

In the first 3 days after planting, the land is watered with a solution of chlorophos or diazinon. This is a good prevention of the appearance of a cabbage fly.

Color

The most common type of cabbage after white cabbage. Cauliflower, like the Romanesco belonging to this group, has become very popular recently. Coloring - from boiling white to purple. There are also light green heads.

Unlike other species, cauliflower is very demanding on growing conditions.

With changes in the irrigation regime or temperature fluctuations, it will not be possible to get a full-fledged crop. For good results, cauliflower is grown through seedlings.

Cauliflower varieties, description:

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Express

Early ripening.
The socket is large, up to half a kilogram.
The inflorescence is white, slightly raised on the stalk.
The value of the variety lies in its high degree of resistance to various diseases.

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See also: Eggplant: description and characteristics of 53 popular and unusual varieties for open ground and greenhouses + Reviews

Cheddar F1

Medium early grade.
The head is deep yellow due to the carotene content.
Weight from 1 to 2 kg.
Romanesco Emerald Cup
Heads weighing from 300 to 500 g.

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Ripening dates and harvesting

Growing early cabbage in seedlings allows harvesting as early as late June - early July. Overexposure in the garden is undesirable, as the heads of cabbage will crack. Mid-season and late varieties ripen in August or September. It is important to have time to cut the heads of cabbage before the onset of the first frost. When the air temperature at night drops to +2 degrees, the cabbage is harvested.

The heads are cut off with a sharp knife along with the stump, leaving several covering leaves on them. Heads of cabbage are examined and sorted. The damaged ones are set aside for use in the near future, the rest are sent to the cellar.

Optimal conditions for storing cabbage are good ventilation and a temperature within +2 degrees. Sunlight must not enter the room. Heads of cabbage are hung by a stump or put in wooden boxes. In this form, they are stored until spring.

Having studied the rules of agricultural technology, everyone will be able to grow white cabbage. This crop loves regular watering, responds well to feeding and needs protection from pests. Factors that negatively affect the crop are planting thickening, lack of nutrients, non-observance of crop rotation, and increased soil acidity.

Broccoli

Even in appearance, it is clear that she is the closest relative of cauliflower. Some cauliflower varieties that have a green tint can be confused with broccoli.

Broccoli is very common in England and America.

In Russia, it ranks third in prevalence after white cabbage and cauliflower.

Description of some varieties of broccoli:

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Tone

Early maturing variety.
The head weighs about 300 g.
After cutting, lateral shoots develop, there is an opportunity to get an additional crop.

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Gnome

A mid-season variety, the head has a weight of 500 g.
The color is dark green with a waxy coating.
After cutting, a new crop is formed.

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Marathon F1

This hybrid is distinguished by the length of the growing season, high palatability and a good harvest. One head "pulls" for 800 g.
There is an opportunity to harvest additional crops.

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See also: If there is cabbage, the table is not empty. Or harvesting pickled cabbage for the winter (13 delicious recipes)

Description of the plant

Collard or ornamental cabbage (Brassica subspontanea) is a versatile vegetable in the cabbage family. Its distinguishing feature is the absence of a head of cabbage. This species is otherwise called kale, kale or curly.

It is difficult to say where collard greens were first cultivated. Some say that she appeared in France, others - in England. The Americans claim that Russian merchants brought it to the continent.

The culture is distinguished by winter hardiness. It is not afraid of short frosts down to -10 ° С. Due to these qualities, it deserves special attention for cultivation in late autumn and winter. The plant is quite unpretentious, so it is not difficult to cultivate it in your summer cottage. For a long time, it served only decorative functions, but now they began to use it for food.

Most varieties are biennial. In the first year, greenery actively grows, and the flowering period occurs only in the second. During the same period, fruits are formed.

Kale cabbage is conventionally divided into 2 types:

Kale Red - characterized by leaves with a purple tint. The gamut can range from ruby to almost black. These plants are believed to have the best palatability.
Calais Green - has become more widespread. The color of the leaves is from emerald to pale green.

The size can reach 1 m or more, depending on the variety. But there are also undersized cabbage. The leaves are large, lyre-pinnate, mostly "curly", a bit like salad leaves. Plants come in a variety of colors. They have a core rhizome. The breeding method is seed.

Composition and nutritional value

Collard greens are a treasure trove of valuable elements. Significantly superior to other cultures.

It contains the following components:

Vitamins of group B, as well as A, K, PP, C.
Minerals - phosphorus, calcium, selenium, copper, iron, manganese.
Small amount of Omega-3 fatty acids.
Essential amino acids.
Flavonoids.

The calorie content of the plant is 48 kcal per 100 g.

Varieties

Russian gardeners most often grow the following types:

Kale red - wavy leaves, have a purple border;
Kale green - the most common, withstands frosts down to -15 ° C;
Premier - fast-growing, cold-resistant;
Scarlett - late ripening, has a long growing season;
Reed - grows up to 2 m, the leaf plate is corrugated, green;
Kale Siberian - frost-resistant, excellent for growing in harsh conditions;
Dino - recognized as the most delicious, has thin leaf plates;
Curly - often used to decorate the site, there is a slight sweetness in the taste;
Black Tuscany - wrinkled leaves with a bluish bloom.

Hybrid varieties are also popular - Reflex f1 and Redbor f1.

When cultivating all varieties, similar agricultural techniques and the same growing conditions are used.

Brussels

One of the types of garden cabbage. Came to the rest of Europe from Belgium, hence the name. It is not found anywhere in the wild, which suggests that it was bred by selection. This happened before the 50s of the 18th century, when Brussels sprouts were first described.

She came to Russia in the 19th century, but did not take root. Only a few people grow it here. Meanwhile, in the UK, USA and Canada, it has become widespread.

This type of cabbage is unlike any other, it is so original: small heads of cabbage are located on a thick stem (20-60 cm). From one plant, you can collect from 20 to 40 pieces.

Brussels sprouts are especially rich in proteins and folic acid

The most favorable temperature for the development of this species is 13-14 C during the day and 9 C at night.

The difference from other types of cabbage is the reduced demand for moisture. It is planted in central Russia only through seedlings, since the growing season is from 4 to 5.5 months.

Useful properties and contraindications

The health benefits of collard greens are as follows:

saturates the body with calcium;
has anti-inflammatory effect;
antioxidant compounds in its composition, neutralize free radicals and protect cells from destruction;
cleanses the body of toxic substances - slags and toxins;
has a beneficial effect on the organs of vision;
improves skin condition.

The culture is rich in protein, therefore it can replace meat in the diet of vegetarians. Scientists recognize that eating regularly is a good cancer prevention.

The main contraindication to the use of a vegetable is an individual intolerance to any component of the plant.

Also, cabbage can be harmful in the presence of the following pathologies:

gastrointestinal diseases - gastritis, colitis, ulcers;
gallstone and urolithiasis;
dysbiosis.

The culture has a strong detoxifying effect, therefore, after the first use, weakness and dizziness appear.

Savoy

It occupies a special place among cabbage varieties. In structure, it is similar to the white one, but the leaves themselves, wavy and vesicular, form a completely different picture. Due to the strong corrugation, the sheet has a more delicate structure.

Savoy cabbage makes wonderful cabbage rolls, tender salads and delicious cabbage soup.

Unfortunately, it does not lie for a long time, therefore it is not very popular in Russia. Although, in comparison with white cabbage, it is more resistant to early and late frosts.

Of the advantages, the exceptional taste of this species can be noted.

More delicate, in comparison with white cabbage, taste is provided due to the absence of mustard oils and the low content of coarse dietary fiber. Savoy cabbage leaves contain alcohol, which belongs to the group of sugars, and provides a noticeable sweet aftertaste.

Collard greens in ornamental gardening

Many types of kale differ in the original shape of the leaves and colors, so it has been used in landscape design. It is often used to decorate flower beds. The peak of decorativeness lasts from mid-July to the end of October.

For example, Redbor f1 has purple curly leaves that grow in the shape of a palm tree. Black Tuscany is also perfect for decorating your backyard. Its leaves with a bluish bloom look very unusual.

Specific features of agricultural technology and application

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Agrotechnics

Seedling cabbage

Agrotechnology for growing cabbage consists in observing the following rules:

Site selection

The structure of the soil should be loose. All types of cabbage do not tolerate acidic soils.
If the place is acidified, then there is no need to wait for high yields. Therefore, you need to carefully approach the choice of soil. You can "acidify" the earth with ash or chalk.
Ash serves as an additional source of phosphorus and potassium.
The predecessors of cabbage should not be other types of cabbage or any cultures of the cruciferous family: turnip, radish, radish.
All types of cabbage love to "eat", so the soil should be abundantly filled with compost or rotted manure.
But cauliflower is especially demanding on the soil composition. She has the weakest root system, so nutrition occurs near the soil surface.

Shine

Both at the stage of growing seedlings and in the open field, the vegetable should grow in bright places.
Shading leads to a sharp drop in yield.
All types of cabbage are equally demanding on lighting.

Watering

Cabbage loves water. It should be watered abundantly and regularly. Irregular watering leads to cracking of the heads.
Particular attention should be paid to those varieties that are prone to cracking. But there are also exceptions.
For example, Brussels sprouts can temporarily withstand a lack of watering.
Cauliflower, on the other hand, does not tolerate interruptions in watering at all.
In drought, the heads are loose, weak and small in size.

Seedling

To get a harvest early, it is advisable to grow cabbage through seedlings.
It should be strong and well-formed.
The seedlings should be approximately 30-40 days old, but should not exceed 50 days.

Temperature

Cabbage grows well and develops well even in relatively cold summers.
For example, Savoy cabbage is the champion of its seasoned brethren. It can withstand not only temperature extremes, but also temperature drops, up to frost.
But the cauliflower is the most delicate specimen among cabbage.
Even lowering the temperature below 10 C leads to a slowdown in growth and deterioration in the quality of the heads. They become smaller and more rigid.

Fertilizers

You need to feed the plants both at the seedling stage and when planting in open ground.
Seedlings are fed with complex fertilizers, which contain: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, etc.
When transplanting, a hole is dug 2-3 times more than the root system. Fill it with rotted manure or compost. Put in each teaspoon of superphosphate and half a glass of ash.
Throughout the growing season, cabbage needs to be fed several times with complex fertilizer. Or first, before setting the head of cabbage, - nitrogen, and then mainly phosphorus and potassium.
Cabbage is very fond of watering with "green" fertilizer (fermented infusion of grass), infusion of mullein or bird droppings, and also infusion of ash.
When preparing the soil, pay attention to carefully filling the hole or furrow with fertilizer.
Watering should be done wisely. On rainy days, when moisture has moistened not only the surface of the soil, cabbage can not be watered.
Water should be abundant on dry days. After transplanting seedlings, the plants must be shaded so that the root system can develop.

In case of diseases or pests, you must first try natural remedies. Such as tobacco, ash, soap, etc. Only in case of failure, it is necessary to apply chemistry.

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Application

Cabbage has a wide range of uses. It is no exaggeration to say that this is one of the favorite vegetables in Russia. The main Russian first course - cabbage soup is prepared only with cabbage.

You can do without carrots and potatoes, even meat (mushroom, empty cabbage soup), but cabbage is the main ingredient. We have common cabbage main dishes. Such as stewed cabbage, cabbage stuffed cabbage.

Stewed cabbage

In fried form, such types as colored, broccoli, Romanesque, Brussels sprouts are used. Cabbage rolls are made well with savoy cabbage. She is so gentle that you don't need to beat her.

The pride of our cuisine is sauerkraut

Its benefits are known; it can successfully replace several drugs. In addition to vitamins A, C, K, it contains many trace elements and useful lactic acid. Sauerkraut, cooked without the use of vinegar, is good for both children and the elderly.

Recently, more cauliflower and broccoli have appeared in baby food. These types are used as mashed potatoes, casseroles. The use of cabbage in baby food helps to strengthen and maintain their health.

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How to grow white cabbage from seeds?

The success of the gardener largely depends on the selected variety of cabbage. Preference should be given to hybrids that are resistant to diseases and pests, as well as well adapted to the climatic conditions of a particular area. However, the technology of growing crops cannot be neglected either. It is important to take into account the features of white cabbage, but she prefers:

regular watering;
a lot of sunlight;
abundance of free space;
cool microclimate.

Attention! Violation of agricultural practices when growing cabbage can lead to lower yields, cabbage diseases and other problems.

Seed preparation for sowing

The timing of sowing depends on the climate of the area and the early maturity of the variety. For example, residents of the middle lane sow cabbage seeds with an average ripening period from mid-March. Gardeners from the southern regions use a seedless growing method, that is, they sow directly on the garden in April.

The planting material is subject to mandatory disinfection with a solution of potassium permanganate. Experienced gardeners are advised to soak the seeds in hot water, holding them there for 5 minutes. This procedure is aimed at awakening vital energy. After that, the planting material is placed in a bowl with Epin or Zircon solution for 12-18 hours.

Zircon

Next, the seeds are washed with water, slightly dried and placed in a refrigerator. This procedure is aimed at enhancing the immunity of the culture.Sowing work can be done in a day.

Attention! Leading agricultural firms sell inlaid seeds that are colored in different colors. Such planting material does not require additional processing - disinfection, soaking and hardening.

Soil for sowing cabbage

For sowing cabbage seeds, a porous light soil is used. It is not recommended to take garden soil, as it contains spores of fungi and harmful bacteria that will lead to diseases of seedlings. If there is no alternative, gardeners calcify the soil taken from the garden in the oven or spill it with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Suitable soil composition for sowing cabbage:

peat - 75%, turf - 15%, sand - 10%;
a mixture of peat and sand in a 1: 1 ratio.

For sowing, you need a container 5–6 cm deep. It is filled with prepared soil, the layer of which does not exceed 4 cm. The soil is leveled and watered with a solution of the Gamair preparation. Sowing works are carried out in a day. Shallow furrows are made on the surface of the soil, leaving a distance of 3 cm between them. The seeds are laid with an interval of 1–1.5 cm and ground with soil.

Seedling care

The favorable temperature for the emergence of seedlings is 18–20 degrees Celsius. After 5 days, the first tender shoots usually hatch. During this period, the container with seedlings should be transferred to a cool and well-lit place, otherwise the plants will stretch out. As the soil dries, it is carefully moistened with a spray bottle.

Attention! If there is not enough natural light, you will have to get a fluorescent lamp to illuminate the seedlings. It is fixed above the plants at a distance of 30–40 cm.

The pick is carried out on the 10th day after the emergence of shoots. You will need small containers with a diameter of up to 7 cm and a soil mixture for cabbage seedlings or universal soil. Add 1 tablespoon of double superphosphate to a bucket of soil.

The strongest and most developed plants are carefully poured in with a spoon along with a lump of earth and transplanted into separate pots. The plants are deepened to the level of the cotyledon leaves. Seedlings are left in a well-lit place at room temperature. 5-6 days after the pick, it is watered with Gamair's solution.

When the plants recover from the stress after transplanting, they are transferred to a room where the thermometer does not exceed + 15 degrees. Gardeners note that at first the growth of seedlings is slow, it accelerates 3 weeks after the pick. At this age, there are 3 true leaves on the plants.

Transplanting cabbage seedlings to the garden

2 weeks before the expected date of transplantation into the garden, cabbage begins to harden. First, it is taken out into the street (loggia) for 30 minutes, then every day the time of the “walk” is gradually increased.

Early varieties of cabbage are ready for planting in a permanent place, when 5-7 true leaves are formed on the seedlings - in mid-May. Medium and late hybrids are transplanted in late May or early June.

Sunny places are chosen for cabbage. The beds prepared in the fall are dug up in advance, weeds are removed and loosened. Planting operations are carried out in cloudy weather or after sunset. The layout of the culture in the garden for early hybrids is 40x30 cm, and for mid-season and late ones - 60x70 cm.

Seedlings of white cabbage

A handful of sand and peat, twice as much humus, 2 g of nitrophosphate and 40-50 g of ash are added to each hole 8 cm deep and 15–20 cm wide. All components are mixed and watered. Plants with a clod of earth are placed in the resulting liquid mass and dripped with soil.

Attention! The seedlings are deepened into the ground so that the first pair of leaves is above its surface.

Benefit

It is very useful for children.

Cabbage is a dietary vegetable, which is recommended for various diseases as a dietary one.

It is used:

with obesity
excess cholesterol
diseases of the gallbladder
diabetes
atherosclerosis and vascular disease
heart disease
some diseases of the stomach
gout

Cabbage contains a lot of valuable and useful fiber, vitamins A, C, vitamins B, K, U, proteins, mineral salts.

It is very useful, even for healthy people, to drink juice from cabbage leaves

One of the first medical recommendations for the use of this product concerned patients with gastric ulcer. And also for those who have gastritis.

All varieties of cabbage are very useful for dietary and medical nutrition. But everyone has a different ratio of trace elements and vitamins, which makes them useful in different cases.

Savoy cabbage, for example, contains ascorbigen. It is a substance that, when broken down in the human body, inhibits the growth of cancer cells.

Cauliflower has many benefits over other species

It is absorbed better, therefore a larger percentage of nutrients gets into the body. If common cabbage can cause stomach bloating, then cauliflower is excluded. It is gently digested and does not irritate the mucous membranes.

That is why cauliflower is most often used in baby food. But it is not recommended for gout. But the colored one is twice as rich as the white one in terms of the percentage of proteins, vitamin C - three times.

Broccoli is rich in vitamin A (more than other types). This species also contains a substance that fights cancer cells. Broccoli seedlings are especially rich in this substance: 50 times more than the cabbage itself.

Botanical description of white cabbage

We are talking about a two-year vegetable crop, which in the first year of vegetation forms a massive elongated stalk with a rosette of leaves in its upper part. The head of cabbage formed in the center is the apical bud. In this part of the plant, nutrients accumulate, which are used the next year to form a flower stem.

The formation of a cabbage head after sowing the seeds begins in 2.5 months. By that time, the lateral leaves are already quite large. The newly appearing leaf plates take a curved shape, the head of cabbage is curled. The more leaves are formed, the tighter they adhere to each other.

If the cabbage head is not cut after ripening, then next spring it will throw out a flower arrow with numerous racemose inflorescences of a yellow hue. After flowering, which lasts about 25-50 days, pods ripen, each of them contains 20-26 seeds.

The root system of white cabbage consists of a rod with lateral processes, on which fibrous growths are formed - adventitious roots directed to the sides. They are located in the horizontal plane of the ground. The depth of penetration of the central core into the ground is 80–100 cm. The root system of cabbage, if damaged, quickly recovers, so the culture reacts painlessly to transplantation.

Reviews (summarized)

I have been planting different types and varieties of cabbage for more than twenty years. I have 20 acres and I like that there is a great variety in my garden. Some are late, but not all. Broccoli did not take root here. Large large heads are not obtained, as in the photographs, even cry. We decided to refuse. Of the white cabbage, our favorites are the old varieties: June for summer cabbage soup, Amager and Belorusskaya. Already accustomed to them. Of the new ones I liked only Creumont. He's good at fermenting.

Valentina Ivanovna, Nizhny Novgorod

Most of all I love growing cauliflower. In summer and autumn, the whole family eats only her. Variety Dachnitsa, I plant only him. Grows a lot, even freeze.

Polina, Moscow

Cooking use

Young leaves have the best taste. They are thoroughly washed and cut into small pieces, after which they are boiled, stewed or eaten fresh. They can be preserved for the winter.

If the greens have a bitter taste, then they are pre-frozen. But this feature is typical only for overgrown leaves.

The stem is not eaten in its pure form, but is used to make juices, dressings, or medicinal cocktails. If you cut it into plates and dry it, you get vegetarian chips that are consumed with your favorite spices.

Cabbage pests with photo

Above, it was described in detail how to save cabbage from caterpillars, snails, slugs, aphids and larvae. However, other insects can also harm this plant.

Cruciferous bugs

These variegated beetles, reaching about 10 mm in length, which hibernate in the ground, are very dangerous for cabbage. In the last days of April, they begin to eat seedlings, then in the first summer weeks, the females arrange egg-laying, the larvae appear after half a month, and after 4 weeks they become adult insects. Bed bugs pierce the surface of the leaf plates and suck the sap from the plant. The tissue of the sheet where the puncture is located dies off. If there are a lot of punctures, then the leaf plates wither, dry up and die off. In the dry season, this pest is the greatest danger to cabbage. In order to prevent from the site, it is necessary to pull out all the weeds that belong to the Cruciferous family, for example, rape, sverbyga, field jar, shepherd's purse, beetroot and grill. When the crop is harvested, all weeds should be removed from the site, which must be collected and destroyed. To get rid of this pest, the seedlings should be sprayed with Phosbecid or Actellik, this must be done before the head of cabbage begins to form.

Cabbage leaf beetle

This small bug, up to 0.5 cm long, has an ovoid shape. He injures the leaf plates, making holes in them or eating grooves along the edge. For wintering, leaf beetles settle in the ground, females arrange their egg-laying, after 10–12 days larvae hatch from the eggs, which feed by scraping the skin from the leaf plates. For preventive purposes, it is necessary to pull out all the weeds from the site, which belongs to the Cabbage family. To scare away this pest, it is necessary to treat the bushes through dew every morning with a mixture consisting of wood ash or slaked lime and tobacco dust (1: 1). Before the heads of cabbage begin to form, you can use Actellik's solution (2%) or the biological product Bankol, which is less toxic, to treat the plants.

Stem Cabbage Lurker

It is a bug, painted black and having a length of about 0.3 cm.The danger to the plant is represented by its larvae, which gnaw passages in the petioles of the leaf plates, through which they penetrate into the stem, and along the tunnels made in it they descend into the root system of the bush ... As a result, damage to the conducting system occurs, the foliage turns yellow, the development of the plant stops and soon it dies. To exterminate this bug, in the autumn time it is necessary to remove all plant residues from the site, as well as to dig the soil. During the growing season, it is necessary to remove the weed from the garden in time, and also timely dig up and destroy the cabbage affected by the hidden proboscis. To exterminate this pest, you can use Phosbecid or Aktellik, but such treatment is permissible only at an early stage of seedling development in open soil.

Care rules for a good harvest

To get a bountiful healthy harvest, you must not forget about observing some important rules:

the soil should always be in a moist state - watering is necessary every day (preferably in the evening);
during the ripening period of the plant, once every 1.5 months, be sure to fertilize it;
you can feed cabbage only after watering;
broken, limp, deformed leaves and weeds should be removed immediately;
the soil around the trunk regularly, especially after rain, needs loosening;
with the manifestation of white bloom and rot - it is worth applying mulching.

Mulching is applied only after the soil has warmed up well: not earlier than June.

For the prevention and treatment of Keil's diseases, it is better to try to use natural methods. They are quite effective and do not harm the plant itself, and this is very important for the preservation of all useful properties.

"Meridor F1"

A late ripening hybrid with a long shelf life. Medium-sized heads of cabbage weighing 2-3 kg have a very dense structure, thin leaves and have a unique taste: juicy and sweet.

The hybrid has well-developed forms of the root and leaf system, it tolerates drought, does not crack and retains its marketable form for a long time. Harvesting takes place at 135-145th day from the day of planting the seedlings.

Planting seedlings in a permanent place and caring for plants

Grown up white cabbage seedlings

Before planting, the final culling of seedlings is carried out (About growing white cabbage seedlings in detail - in the article Sowing white cabbage and caring for seedlings). Ready seedlings are planted in a permanent place at different times:

early varieties - from April 25 to May 5,
mid-season and mid-late - in the third decade of May,
late - from the end of May to 5 June.

Planting density depends on the maturation of the cabbage and on the variety. Early varieties and hybrids are planted according to the scheme 30-35 cm x 40-50 cm, mid-ripening 50 cm x 50-60 cm, late-ripening 60-70 cm x 60-70 cm.

Usually cabbage is planted on a flat surface. If the site is in a low or damp place, then the cabbage is planted on ridges or ridges. In any case, the site should be sunny, flat or with a slight slope to the south, southeast. Place cabbage well after legumes or grains, perennial grasses, onions, carrots, potatoes and tomatoes. In one place, cabbage can be grown for no more than two years. They return to their original landing site no earlier than 4 years later.

Seedlings are planted on cloudy days. If the weather is sunny, then in the afternoon. When planting, the plants are deepened to the first pair of true leaves and the soil around the plants is squeezed well. Depending on the moisture content of the soil and weather, 0.5-1.0 liters of water is poured under one plant. If the weather is not rainy, then the next day after planting the plants need to be watered a little. The first two weeks, every 3-4 days, plants are watered at 6-8 l / m2, then - in normal weather, once a week at 10-12 l / m2. If the weather is dry, then the intervals between watering should be reduced. Cabbage is very fond of refreshing watering by sprinkling in hot weather. They are held in the morning or evening hours.

In different periods of the growing season, the need of plants for water is not the same. Watering rates and the depth of soil moisture also change during the three main periods of plant development: vegetative growth, growth of food organs, and ripening.

White cabbage

The depth of soil moisture during irrigation in the non-chernozem zone in the first growing season is 0.2 m, and in the second and third periods - 0.3 m. In the southern regions - 0.3 m and 0.4 m, respectively.

If watering is rare and at high rates, then the plants spend a lot of substances on the growth of the root system and this often happens to the detriment of fruiting. With regular watering at low rates, the root system is mainly located in the irrigation zone (this is the upper fertile soil layer), where optimal conditions for water and mineral nutrition are created. Which contributes to higher yields.

Read more about watering in the article Ways of watering white cabbage.

The early cabbage is watered more strongly in June, and the late cabbage is watered in August, when the plants are tying the forks. Watering should be regular. Insufficient watering during the period of growing the rosette of leaves will necessarily negatively affect the size of the head of cabbage, even if in the future the cabbage will be watered normally. Watering is carried out in the morning or evening hours with water + 18 + 20оС.After watering or rain, the soil is loosened to a depth of 5-8 cm (near the plant itself, they loosen smaller, and closer to the aisles, deeper). After the cabbage has the maximum developed leaf surface and the formed head of cabbage, careful control of pests and a gradual decrease in watering rates are necessary.

During cultivation, cabbage is huddled twice. The first time is 20 days after planting the seedlings, and then 10-12 days later. This agronomic technique promotes the growth of additional root systems and an increase in the size of the heads.

When growing varieties and hybrids with very large heads of cabbage, inconveniences arise with the processing, transportation and storage of products. To regulate the weight of the heads, you can initially plant the plants a little denser in the row, but leave the distance between the rows the same. The overall yield will not be affected.

White cabbage

Cabbage varieties for Siberia, the Urals and Altai Territory

What parameters should cabbage varieties have for growing in Siberia and other cold regions? It should evenly tolerate frosts up to 7 degrees, and besides, it should have a short ripening period. Therefore, white cabbage is ideal for Altai Territory and Siberia:

"Hope F1"
"Polar"
"Winter storm"
"Purple lace"

The heads of cabbage of these representatives are approximately the same, medium-large in size (up to 4.5 kg), with excellent productivity.

It is also worth mentioning suitable hybrids:

"Gribovsky"
"Zarya"
and sometimes "Dumas"

Among mid-season Siberian "beauties" the most popular are:

"Present"
"Siberian"
"Glory"
"Belarus"
"Jubilee F1"

Late varieties of cabbage are less adapted for Siberian conditions, but are still sometimes grown:

"Amager"
"Dobrovolskaya"

For the Urals:

"Glory"
"June"
"Kazachok"
"Siberian"

And incredibly beautiful Savoy cabbage "Vologda lace".

Dutch varieties for planting in central Russia

We have already considered many hybrids and varieties of all varieties of cabbage in today's article. However, here we will write more briefly about those who were left without attention.

Bingo is most appreciated for its very good storage - up to 9 months. It has a small round head of cabbage (up to 1.5 kg), does not crack.

"Languadeaker" gives an extremely good harvest, suitable for harvesting and fresh consumption, withstands a long shelf life.
"Bartolo F1" is a very common Dutch hydride, with an elongated head of cabbage weighing 3 kg. The leaves are densely arranged and do not wither all winter.

"Musketeer" is an early variety, after the emergence of seedlings, the crop can be harvested in 55 days. Head of cabbage weight up to 1.3 kg.
"Python" - refers to the medium early, in need of timely harvesting.
"Resistor" - the ripening period from planting seedlings in open ground is only 55 days. Heads of cabbage up to 1.2 kg, well stored. During growth, they perfectly adapt to weather conditions, are resistant to diseases.

The most unpretentious Chinese cabbage seeds for the lazy

Peking cabbage has been grown in Russia quite recently. Because of the thin, very soft leaves at the edges, many attribute it to salads. In fact, this is a full-fledged representative of the cruciferous group.

Peking cabbage is involved in many culinary recipes - salads, soups, preserves, marinades. Even a beginner will get a good harvest by planting special hybrids:

Russian size... The hybrid was developed by domestic breeders and gives an excellent yield, even in difficult climatic conditions. The oblong heads weigh up to 4 kg and mature in 75-80 days on any soil.
Cha cha... The cabbage variety is recommended for use in northern latitudes and in the Urals. From the moment of sowing to the beginning of harvest, only 55 days pass. This period can be shortened if the seedlings are prepared in advance. Medium forks weigh up to three kilograms.
Orange tangerine... The variety got its name for its unusual "red" heart.The heads ripen in 40 days and turn out to be medium-sized - usually the forks weigh no more than one kilogram. They tolerate frost without any problems, give excellent results when closely spaced in the garden. Seeds can be planted in batches with multiple harvests during the season.
Nika... The seeds are prepared for planting outdoors or under a film. It is a resistant variety that does not suffer from common diseases. Seedlings give curly light green leaves, which form large three-kilogram heads of cabbage. Dense leaves are used for making salads or stewed.
Vesnyanka... Many people use this variety to harvest fresh Chinese cabbage faster. Disease-resistant and unpretentious Vesnyanka gives a bountiful harvest in 35 days. Dense heads of cabbage do not crack, consist of juicy, tasty leaves.

The myth of shade-tolerant varieties

The agricultural technology of growing any varieties of white cabbage on personal plots or on the areas of agro-industrial enterprises does not imply the use of shaded areas. This crop requires open spaces to produce a quality crop. Sunlight and timely watering with the required amount of fertilizing are the main keys to success.

Of course, on a private garden plot, there are shaded areas formed from garden trees and shrubs. These places can and should be used to accommodate shade-tolerant crops, but white cabbage is not included in these plants.

This can be confirmed by an example of personal observation. A neighbor in the spring planted a white cabbage variety Slava 1305 in the amount of 20 plants in an additional area shaded by deciduous fruit trees. She motivated this cabbage planting quite simply - there is not enough space, and it is a pity to throw out the seedlings. During the summer, neither agricultural technology nor watering brought the desired success, although the sun peeped into this area during the day. The stunted plants had a weak mass, were stretched out and swayed pitifully under the oncoming breeze. But closer to the middle of autumn, when the thinning of the tree crown from the fall of foliage began, the seedlings began to enlarge, acquiring visible power. Even small heads of cabbage started. When the harvest time came, the result was as follows: the heads of cabbage set on only 60% of the plants and were quite loose. The size of the most "fruitful" head of cabbage did not exceed two kulaks, and the entire harvest, in the end, went to feed the cattle.

The best varieties of cabbage for the Moscow region

Now we will determine the necessary characteristics of the cabbage variety so that we can count on a good harvest in the Moscow region. This is adaptability to frequent and large fluctuations in humidity and temperature, not demanding for heat and sunlight.

In addition, in the Moscow region, the land is quite acidic, which greatly limits the number of varieties for a successful planting. Such representatives of white cabbage, the best for cultivation in the Moscow region, include:

"Late Moscow"
"Dumas"
"Glory"
"Aggressor F1"
"Amager"
"Present"

Cauliflower: Baldo and Vinson.

Dear friends, as you may have noticed, there are quite a few varieties of cabbage for planting. And we've covered most of them today. Of course, we failed to describe all of them in a dignified manner within the framework of one article. But thanks to that minimal knowledge, now going to the planting material store you can ask for what you need.

All additional information on planting timing, growing season and main characteristics are described on each of the seed bags. Therefore, you do not need to memorize everything written here.

I hope that today's article will be useful to you. All the best to you, and excellent harvests to all!

Author of the publication

Growing conditions

To get a decent harvest of cabbage, it needs to create favorable conditions. This culture is very responsive to feeding and watering.Not only the number of kilograms taken from 1 square meter depends on the growing conditions. m, but also the taste of the heads, their structure and density.

Temperature

Cabbage is a cold-resistant crop - it can withstand short-term temperature drops down to minus 5 ° C. In autumn, cabbage can withstand more severe frosts without damage to the crop.

The optimum temperature for the development of cabbage is from +15 to +18 degrees. This culture does not like heat, it grows well in cool weather. Temperatures above + 25 ° C negatively affect head formation. Heat increases the accumulation of nitrates.

Humidity

Cabbage loves moisture - the size and taste of the heads of cabbage depends on the regularity of watering. But excessive moisture should not be allowed - it provokes various diseases. If the soil is moist all the time, the roots of cabbage gradually die off, the leaves turn crimson and die off - bacteriosis begins.

Illumination

Cabbage grows poorly in shaded areas. To form large, dense heads of cabbage, juicy and rich in flavor, the culture requires a lot of sun. This culture belongs to long day plants - the longer the daylight hours, the faster the development.

Consequences of a lack of light:

the normal development of the plant is disrupted;
in heads of cabbage nitrates actively accumulate;
the lower leaves stop growing and, turning yellow, die off prematurely;
the apical bud, continuing to grow, throws out more and more new leaves, but the heads of cabbage are not tied.

Predecessors

It is not recommended to plant cabbage in areas where cabbage of any kind, onions, carrots, peas, turnips, radishes and all cruciferous plants grew before. White cabbage grows best after:

legumes;
green manure and annual forage crops;
cucumbers;
potatoes;
beets;
tomatoes.

To maintain a healthy phytosanitary state of the soil, cabbage is re-planted on the site no earlier than 5 years later.

Pros and cons of growing

Benefits of kale:

Undemanding to growing conditions and care.
It tolerates temperature extremes, heat, cold, frost.
Unique composition, many vitamins and nutrients.
High productivity.
A large number of varieties.
Decorativeness.
Disease resistance.
Leaves grow quickly - no need to wait long for the harvest.

Disadvantages:

Needs frequent watering.
It does not take root well after transplantation.
Has a number of contraindications - for people with kidney disease.
Increased light-requiring.

Video on which Dutch breeding hybrids are best for planting

From this video you can find out what are the best hybrids that Dutch breeders have bred. There are only 8 of them here, and all are described in detail. Thanks to the experience of the author, you can make the right choice in favor of one or more of them. In his opinion, these are the best representatives in this category.

Perhaps some of them are already familiar to you, but you will hear about some for the first time. If you know of other good hybrids, write about them in the comments. Let people learn about new varieties for themselves.

Knowing the characteristics of a particular hybrid will help you make the right choice and get a good harvest on your site.

I hope that this information will be useful for you, and that your harvest will please you.

How to sow seedlings correctly

Growing cabbage for seedlings can occur both with a pick and without it. Before sowing seeds, you must decide whether you will dive or not. If not, then you need to plant immediately in large cups. In this case, the plants in the future will be less injured when they are planted in the ground. With a pick, the task is more complicated, but I'll tell you everything in stages:

Be sure to thin out after germination.
A pick in two weeks. At the same time, when picking, we deepen to the cotyledonous leaves.
After 4 weeks, transplant into cups or other large containers.
Before picking, you need to treat with a weak solution of copper sulfate against fungal diseases.

The main points when forcing seedlings:

Plants must be supplemented 13 hours - 15 hours. Cabbage loves light.
Watering... Watch this and loosen the soil. Water as it dries.
Temperature regime... +18 - +20 ° С before germination, after germination +15 - +17 ° С during the day, and at night +8 - +10 ° С. This is necessary, otherwise the seedlings will stretch out and lie down.
Top dressing... It is impossible to grow cabbage without feeding. Of course, young plants must receive nutrients in the required amount, otherwise healthy seedlings will not work. The first feeding should be a week after the pick. For this purpose, we prepare a solution: 1 liter. We put 2 g of ammonium nitrate, 2 g of potash fertilizers, 4 g of superphosphate.
Water before feeding. Otherwise, you can burn young roots. The second feeding should be two weeks after the first. We use the same fertilizers, just double the amount. The third top dressing is carried out two days before planting in the ground. Fertilizers are the same, but the loading dose.
Hardening... It begins to be applied 10 days before planting in the garden. At the same time, to begin with, we open the window for 3 hours - 4 hours. Then, for a couple of hours, we take them out onto the balcony, covering the plants with gauze from direct sunlight. After six days, we reduce watering and leave the seedlings on the balcony before planting in the ground.

Which cabbage is best planted for pickling and pickling

Basically, for pickling, white cabbage of late-ripening varieties is used, in such cases "Slava", "Moscow late", "Belorusskaya", "Zimovka" or "Amager" are good.

"Slava" is one of the most demanded representatives for fermentation. It is extremely productive, and the weight of the heads of cabbage calmly reaches 5 kg. In shape, it is somewhat flattened at the top and bottom. The term for using it in blanks comes in early autumn.

"Belorusskaya" shares its popularity with "Slava", but lies more - until April. The crop can be harvested in 4.5 months; heads of cabbage have an average weight of 3.5 kg. Cabbage is well transported and cracked only in rare cases.

And also it is worth taking a closer look at such white-headed beauties as "Gift" and Kharkov Winter ".

Recently, breeders have developed new varieties and hybrids that are also good for fermentation and salt. These are Atria F1, Miracle F1 (Dutch selection), Nadezhda, Megaton F1, and Kvashenka.

Features of growing cabbage in a seedless way

In most regions of our country, white cabbage is grown from seedlings. The seedless method can be used in the southern regions of Russia, where it is possible to extend the growing season of the crop due to a long summer. The main advantages of this method are:

No need for plant transplants and picks. All that needs to be done is to thin out the seedlings.
High yield of cabbage.
Accelerated ripening of crops.
The minimum cost of human labor for caring for a vegetable.

The disadvantages of the seedless method are the increased consumption of seeds per unit area, the correct selection and careful preparation of the site, the need for enhanced care at the initial stage of culture development.

The preparation of seeds and soil is no different from the seedling method of growing cabbage. Sowing seeds is carried out when stable warm weather is established from mid-April, while the seeds are buried into the soil to a depth of 2-4 centimeters. Distances between adjacent rows should be multiples of 50 centimeters.

A few days after the emergence of shoots, the first thinning is carried out, leaving two shoots in the hole. A week later, the crops are thinned out again. The purpose of such an operation is to remove weakened plants. Excess plants are used as seedlings for unfilled areas. All other activities for the care of cabbage are similar to the seedling method.

Diseases of cabbage with a photo

Cabbage can be affected by such a disease, which is characterized by rapid development. If the gardener in this case, in the shortest possible time, does not take all the necessary measures to combat it, then he may even be left without a crop.

Keela

This fungal disease poses the greatest danger to this crop. It affects early ripe varieties of cauliflower and white cabbage, while plant infection occurs even at the seedling stage. In affected plants, growths appear on the root system, which contribute to a violation of their nutrition. Because of this, the seedlings are lagging behind in development, while they do not form ovaries. Diseased bushes need to be dug up and destroyed along with an earthen lump, and the resulting hole must be sprinkled with a layer of lime. This disease affects only representatives of the Cabbage family, so other crops can be safely grown on this site.

Blackleg

Very often, cabbage seedlings or young bushes planted in open soil are affected by a black leg. This fungal disease affects the root collar at the base of the stem. With the development of the disease, the affected parts of the plant turn black, their thinning and decay occurs, the growth of cabbage becomes slower and, in the end, it dies. The affected seedlings will die in any case, so there is no point in planting them in the garden. If diseased plants died from a black leg when growing in a garden bed, then the land on it must be replaced, since it can no longer be used for growing cabbage. For preventive purposes, before sowing, the seed material and soil should be treated. Garnosan is used to process the seed (follow the instructions), while in order to process 100 seeds, 0.4 grams of the product will be enough, and Thiram (TMTD) (50%) should be added to the soil, 50 gram.

Downy mildew (downy mildew)

As a rule, the causative agents of this disease are present in the seed, in this regard, it is not recommended to neglect its pre-sowing preparation. The disease begins to develop actively in damp weather, specks of a pale yellow-red color appear on the outer foliage of the bushes. Over time, the leaf plates turn yellow, and they die off. In order to prevent the seed, before sowing, it is etched with Planriz or Thiram. Some gardeners instead immerse the seeds in hot (about 50 degrees) water, where they should stay for 20 to 25 minutes. If pre-sowing preparation was not carried out or it turned out to be ineffective, the bushes should be sprayed with a decoction of garlic. To prepare it, 1 bucket of water must be combined with 75 grams of chopped garlic, after 12 hours the mixture is heated over a fire to a boil, and then cooled, after which the broth will be ready for use. If this measure is also ineffective, the cabbage should be sprayed with a solution of Fitosporin-M (2-3%). Re-processing, if necessary, is carried out after 15–20 days. However, it should be remembered that spraying with a fungicidal preparation cannot be carried out after the head of cabbage is tied, otherwise there is a high probability that poison will accumulate in the foliage.

Gray and white rot

The development of white rot occurs when the weather is damp and cool outside. In the affected bushes, the mucousness of the outer leaf plates is observed, while between them a white cotton-like mycelium with black sclerotia is formed, the size of which is 1–30 millimeters. Infected forks in storage begins to rot, and the disease spreads to other heads of cabbage located nearby. During storage, symptoms of gray mold damage also appear. So, at the lower leaf plates on the surface of the petioles, a fluffy mold with beads of black dots forms.To protect cabbage from these diseases, it is necessary: before sowing, disinfect the seed, adhere to the agrotechnical rules of this crop, clean and disinfect the storage facilities before laying the heads of cabbage, store correctly, carry out systematic inspections of the forks, and, if necessary, clean the affected areas.

Fusarium wilting (yellowness of cabbage)

This disease occurs due to the Fusarium fungus. The defeat of yellowness occurs even in the seedling period, while very often from 20 to 25 percent of all seedlings die. In affected plants, leaf plates lose their turgor, and yellow foci appear on their surface. In places of yellowing, the leaves develop more slowly, while the affected foliage dies off. All diseased bushes should be removed from the soil and destroyed, and the earth should be replaced or steamed. In order to get rid of the fungus, it is necessary in the fall and spring to carry out preventive soil treatment on the site with a solution of copper sulfate (for 1 bucket of water, 5 grams of the product).

Rhizoctonia

The development of this fungal disease occurs with sharp changes in temperature (for example, from 4 to 24 degrees), air humidity (from 45 to 100 percent), soil acidity (pH 4.5-8). In a diseased plant, the root collar is affected, which turns yellow, dries up and dies. The root system of a diseased bush becomes like a washcloth. As the disease progresses, cabbage dies. Bushes become infected in open soil, while the development of the disease does not stop in storage. For prophylactic purposes, before planting seedlings in open soil, the site must be treated with copper oxychloride or a product that contains it.

Hilling

For early varieties, we use hilling in 2-3 weeks after planting, and for later varieties, after 25-30 days. For varieties with a short stump, you can limit yourself to one hilling, and for those with a large stump, it is already necessary to carry out 2-3 events.

One more thing. Bright light serves as a companion to the earliest days of culture. Any shade, thickening, as well as overgrowing with weeds can lead to lengthening of plants and weakening of resistance to diseases such as black leg, downy mildew.

Soil preparation for cabbage seedlings

The cultivation of cabbage, as well as other crops, should be accompanied by the preparation of nutritious and breathable soil. Thus, properly prepared soil is the key to success when growing seedlings. It is prepared in the fall, but if you did not succeed, then you can also in the spring. To do this, mix one part of the garden soil and humus. At the same time, do not forget to add ash (1 tbsp per 1 kg of soil). Instead of humus, peat is also used. Also, you can use other components in different combinations:

Land from the garden... It is recommended to take the soil where the seedlings will be planted. At the same time, the seedlings quickly and painlessly transfer the transplant. Here, garden land plays the role of adaptation of plants to new conditions.
Turf layer... Not nutritious, but contains many different microorganisms. The land collected in the thickets of nettles and near the birches is considered the best. In addition, it loosens the soil. Ground from under willow and oak is categorically unsuitable. Many tannins negatively affect the development of seedlings.
Top of the forest land... Nutritious and rich in microorganisms.
Ready-made humus manure or compost... Contains a lot of nitrogen and must be cooked or rotted.
Peat... Loosens the soil and actually retains moisture. If the peat is sour, and this is always the case, then the soil should be deoxidized with chalk or lime.
Sand no more than 10% of the total. Used as a baking powder.

Proportion options:

For 1 part: garden land, turf, sand and humus.
Part 1: turf, peat, sand.
2 parts of sod land and 1 part of humus and sand.

Calcining the soil disinfects, but at the same time beneficial microorganisms that are necessary for the process are destroyed. And in my opinion, spilling with any antifungal drug is much more effective. It's also easier to buy in a store.

Soil mixture for seedlings, categorically should not contain weeds, insect larvae, clay, toxic substances.
Disinfection of soil... A solution of potassium permanganate 3 g per 10 liters. water to shed all the soil. At the same time, fungal spores and putrefactive bacteria die. It is preferable to heat the solution. By the way, it is advisable to carry out the processing about two weeks before planting, this is necessary in order for the necessary bacterial environment to form in the ground.

Here, the main thing is that the soil mixture is nutritious and breathable. Note that the garden land must be taken only after other crops. Because, after cabbage, cruciferous diseases may remain in the soil. But if, you do not have the opportunity to prepare the soil yourself, then you can buy it in the store.

Seed preparation

Growing cabbage can only be successful with quality seeds. Cabbage seeds remain valid for 4 - 5 years. But this is if the temperature regime and air humidity of 35% - 50% were observed. High-quality seeds are selected for sowing. Which must be tested for germination. With careful preparation, we get healthy cabbage seedlings. Which will easily take root after planting in open ground.

If you are using seeds from a store, then you should study the instructions on the package. It says what kind of treatment the seeds went through. Usually, these seeds are ready to eat. Inlaid (colored) seeds are completely ready for sowing. You don't need to do anything with them. By the way, it is advisable not to use fresh seeds, the shelf life of which is less than a year. They should lie down.

Calibration and germination test

Home seeds must be calibrated. That is, select the correct size seeds. At the same time, specimens over 1.5 mm are considered large. And it is them that you need to sow. For this, sieves with different cells are used. Note that the seeds of early cabbage are 1.5 mm, and that of mid-ripening and late-ripening cabbage are 2 mm.

The next step is saline solution 3% - 5% or 30 g - 50 g per liter. water. In this solution, we lower the selected seeds for a few minutes. As a result, the good ones will drown and the bad ones will emerge. We catch the floating seeds and throw them away. Then, we drain the solution, and wash and dry the drowned seeds. Such seeds always give amicable shoots ..

Shop seeds, ready-made, and do not need to be soaked.

Next, we check the seeds for germination. To do this, lay 50-100 seeds on a wet cloth and close it with the free end of the same cloth. At the same time, everything should be wet. The temperature regime is maintained at 20 ° C - 25 ° C. On the third day, we check the degree of germination. If, sprouted 90% - 95%, then these are good seeds. Otherwise, the quantity is increased or rejected.

Disinfection of cabbage seeds

The cultivation of cabbage always includes disinfection of seeds (disinfection). Usually, homemade seeds are processed. Stores are ready to eat right away.

We carry out antifungal treatment. To do this, dip the seeds in a bag into water at 48 ° C - 50 ° C for 15 minutes. - 20 minutes. After that, cool sharply for 2 minutes. - 3 min. in cold water. Then, dry on a napkin. At the same time, it should be understood that it is easier to maintain the temperature regime in a large volume of water. Here, you will have to add fresh hot water. A thermos can also be used with success.
Also, it can be etched in a warm 1% solution of potassium permanganate. You need to soak for 25 minutes. At the same time, prevention against other diseases occurs.
Another option is to take 30 g of crushed garlic for half a glass of water. Soak for 1 hour, rinse, dry and that's it.
Also, special drugs are sold in stores. For example: "Albit", "Baktofit", "Maxim", "Planriz", "Fitosporin - M", etc.At the same time, the processing time depends on the drug. It can be 8 hours - 18 hours. Thus, we carefully read all instructions and work strictly according to the instructions.
Hydrogen peroxide is three percent. Warm until warm and soak for 10 minutes.
Next, put the seeds on a platter, cover with a napkin. And put it in the refrigerator for 12 hours. This contributes to the rapid germination of seeds. Then we wash the seeds in running water, dry them and you're done. You can plant.

It is desirable to carry out disinfection on the day of treatment, and at the same time it is necessary to disinfect the soil as well. Just spill it with an antifungal compound or ignite it. When these methods are combined, the effect is improved and the guarantee of forcing healthy seedlings is increased. It's up to you to choose.

Soaking cabbage seeds

If you do not have inlaid seeds (homemade), in this case, be sure to soak them in a nutrient solution. This solution is prepared on the basis of the "Ideal" fertilizer. Also, for soaking, you can use any growth stimulants. At the same time, do not forget to rinse the seeds after soaking.

Next, we soak the seeds for 12 hours (fill with water at 15 - 20 ° C). Then, we put it in a warm place, and at the same time we change the water every 4 hours. And when the seeds swell, put them on a damp cloth on a saucer, and put them in the refrigerator with a temperature of +1 - 3 grams. At the same time, the seeds germinate quickly and become cold-resistant.

Also, there is a method of vernalization of seeds. Usually, it is used if the cabbage is planted directly into the ground.

During vernalization, germinated seeds are cooled at 0 - +3 degrees. 10-15 days. At the same time, we have friendly seedlings and healthy plants. And these plants, in the future, will give us a good early harvest.

Warming up

We warm up near heating devices for 1 - 2 days immediately before planting.
In the oven. At a temperature of 60 ° C - 70 ° C within an hour.

This is true if the planting material was stored in cool conditions.

Seed bubbling

Seed bubbling... We know that the seeds are covered with a protective layer of essential oils. And this process removes this shell. For this, an aquarium compressor is used, which is installed in a container with water. Here, we place our seeds and turn on the compressor for half an hour.