Step-by-step instructions for the correct planting of a peach in the fall

In order to grow a peach normally and get a good harvest, you need to understand the features of agricultural technology for such a crop. The name of this plant comes from the ancient Roman Malum persicum. This tree is classified as a thermophilic plant, therefore in the northern regions it is grown only when the climate is artificially created. Depending on how and where the peach grows, the flowering time is different. You can see how this plant looks in the photo. The peach tree blooms like an apricot - only pink buds. Often gardeners will post images of blooming peaches on the plot.

Why autumn planting is better

Many gardeners are accustomed to planting seedlings of fruit crops in the spring, believing that over the summer, young trees will have time to take root well and get stronger. However, the fall planting has many advantages:

• when choosing planting material in the fall, it is possible to evaluate its vegetative shoots;
• lack of direct exposure to sunlight;
• rooting occurs during the rest and dormancy of plants;
• a fragile seedling is not attacked by harmful insects;
• favorable price for seedlings of varietal crops.

When planting a varietal peach in the fall, there is a high risk of freezing of the fruit crop. So, it is possible to plant fruit trees in the Central Black Earth, Lower Volga and North Caucasian regions until mid-October. In areas with a difficult climate - Siberia, the Urals, the Far East - it is better to transfer the planting of a peach seedling in open ground to the spring.

Transplanting a peach to another location

It was noted that in the south, trees take root more easily after transshipment, this is facilitated by favorable climatic conditions. It is best to replant the peach in the fall, when it enters a dormant period. A mature tree after 7 years very rarely takes root in a new place. Younger plants are easier to transplant, but only the procedure is carried out in case of emergency.

They try to preserve the root system as much as possible, widely digging in a previously well-filled earthen lump - up to 1.2 m, to a depth of 80-90 cm.It is wrapped with a film or tarpaulin from all sides in order to take it out of the pit and transfer it intact. The same fertilizers are placed on the bottom as when planting, 2-3 buckets of nutritious soil mixed with humus. Pour 30-40 liters of water and carefully set the tree, freeing the roots from the material at hand, which tightened the soil during transportation. After it is watered and a layer of humus mulch is applied. In the spring, the tree is pruned, taking into account the shortened root system.

Preparatory stages

Peach belongs to capricious and thermophilic fruit crops. In order for the plant to quickly acclimatize and successfully take root, it is necessary to pay due attention to the choice of planting material and determine its further place of growth.

Sapling selection

According to the recommendations of experienced gardeners, when choosing a seedling, it is necessary to select zoned varieties. It is better to buy planting material from local nurseries.

The height of a peach seedling should not exceed 1.5 m, while the width of the trunk is about 2 cm. Tall and massive fruit crops do not take root well and have weak immunity. The discrepancy between these parameters indicates that the agrotechnology of forcing the planting material was violated.

The root system of a plantable peach should be highly branched and not overdried. In addition to the main root, there are 2-3 lateral roots. The more powerful the root, the faster the tree adapts to new growing conditions.

2-year-old seedlings take root most successfully. The distance from the root collar to the grafting site is 6–8 cm. The bark of the tree should have a smooth glossy surface.

Autumn planting makes it possible to assess the condition of the planting material. Examine the plant carefully for cracks, open "wounds" and traces of the presence of harmful insects. The presence of dried, yellowed or twisted leaf plates is considered the first sign of a fungal disease. When buying a tree that is known to be sick, you should not place high hopes on it.

Landing pit

The peach tree grows well on the south, west and southwest sides of the infield. This fruit crop loves the sun, but is afraid of the draft. It is best to plant the seedling near the fence or wall of the house, thereby protecting the plant from the cold wind.

The groundwater level should be no more than 3 m from the earth's surface. Otherwise, over time, the root system of the fruit tree will begin to rot, which is fraught with the death of the plant. You need to plant a peach at a distance of 3.5–5 m from other tall trees. Don't forget to choose the right neighborhood. Planting peaches near apricots, apples, pears, cherries, cherries and walnuts is not recommended.

The peach takes root quickly, grows well and develops on loamy and chernozem soil with a low acidity level. If sand and clay prevail on the territory of the garden, then good drainage must be done during planting.

As for the planting pit, its dimensions should be 75–80 cm deep and 60–70 cm wide. The height of the drainage layer is 10-15 cm. Broken red brick, gravel and crushed stone can be used as drainage.

10-14 days before planting, a nutrient mixture is introduced into a prepared planting pit:

• rotted manure;
• wood ash;
• peat;
• superphosphate;
• topsoil.

Where is the best place to plant a peach seedling?

Where to plant a peach seedling

Peach seedlings are planted from the south or southwest side of the site at a distance of at least three meters from other trees. The distance between the peaches is 3 × 3 meters.

A very good way to plant a peach is to place the seedling near a wall (house, building), a fence facing south.

Planting a seedling

Now let's look at the algorithm on how to plant a peach correctly in the fall. 24 hours before planting in open ground, the root system of the seedling is immersed in water.

To stimulate root formation, it is recommended to add Kornevin or Heteroauxin to the water.

1. Form a depression in the planting hole. The size of the depression should correspond to the parameters of the root system of the young tree.
2. Pour a bucket of settled water into the formed hole. Wait for the liquid to absorb into the soil.
3. Examine the root system for damage. Carefully cut off broken, injured and dry roots with a garden pruner.
4. Place the seedling in the center of the planting hole, carefully straighten the roots.
5. Sprinkle soil over the plant. Make sure that the root collar is on the surface. The distance from the ground to the root collar should be at least 4 cm.
6. Compact the soil, tie the seedling to a support and form a side around the perimeter of the trunk circle.
7. Water the seedling abundantly and mulch the soil in the near-trunk circle with peat, straw, or fallen leaves.

Correctly organized planting of a seedling of a fruit crop helps the plant quickly get used to a new growing place and survive the coming winter.

Features of planting seedlings

It is important to choose the right time for planting, but equally the successful development of a tree depends on the place where it is planted. Here you need to take into account everything - the level of illumination, the composition of the soil, the depth of the groundwater, the plants that are the predecessors and neighbors. For normal fruiting, a peach needs a sum of active temperatures of at least 2500 ° C.

Even for the southern regions of Russia, this figure is very high, therefore, the tree needs to be provided with the warmest and well-lit place, otherwise a good harvest may not be expected. In addition, the color and taste of the fruits of the described tree directly depend on the level of illumination: the less sun, the more faded and unsweetened the peaches will be.

Soil preparation

Peach can grow well on different types of soil, the main thing for a tree is not so much the composition of the soil, but good drainage. The root system of the plant does not tolerate swampiness at all, therefore, if the groundwater runs closer than 1–1.5 m from the surface of the earth, the seedling should be planted on a specially prepared embankment with a height of at least 50 cm and a diameter of 2–2.5 m.

An alternative option is to organize a reliable drainage system. Heavy soils are not very suitable for peach - light loam or sandstone with a fertile layer width of at least 0.5 m is considered an ideal option. The reaction of the soil should be close to neutral: the optimal acid-base balance is within 6.7-7.0. Another secret to success is preparing the pit ahead of time. This must be done at least a month before planting, or even earlier.

The depth of the pit may be different, depending on the initial type of soil and the size of the root system of the seedling, but the average is 70 cm.The diameter should be about the same, but if the soil is not very fertile, it is better to make it a little larger (up to 100 cm), to fill the extra volume of nutrient-rich soil.

If the soil is heavy, it is advisable to lay a drainage layer on the bottom of the pit in the form of pieces of turf turned upside down or, in extreme cases, gravel, broken brick or screenings. The soil extracted from the pit should be divided into two parts: the lower layer should be removed as infertile, and the upper one should be used to prepare a nutrient substrate.

To enrich the composition of the soil with nutrients, it must be mixed with the following components:

• humus, compost or rotted manure (10–50 l);
• potassium sulfate - 100-150 g;
• superphosphate - 300 g.

Instead of the last two substances, you can use complex mineral fertilizers (100-200 g, depending on the initial composition of the soil), and sometimes potassium sulfate is replaced with wood ash in the amount of 200-300 g, which, in addition to potash feeding, also provides soil disinfection. The prepared mixture should be poured to the bottom of the pit and left to stand, in the meantime, looking for a suitable seedling.

Preparation of seedlings

The realization of the idea of ​​growing a peach on your own plot is impossible without the right choice of variety. This is especially important for residents of the middle zone and other regions with a not too warm climate. For them, the first and main criterion that must be taken into account when choosing a seedling is winter hardiness.

It is best to buy a seedling in a specialized nursery, located as close as possible to the final planting site.Professional gardeners, when growing a seedling, initially form it exactly according to the scheme that is best suited for a specific climatic zone. In particular, for a temperate climate, the southern tree is best grown as a short tree, for which it should be bushy from a very early age.
The optimum age for a peach seedling is one or two years. It is also important that the tree is grafted onto a hardy stock - in this case, it will feel much better in cold conditions. Preparing a seedling for planting involves several procedures.

In particular, the gardener needs:

• shorten the damaged tips of the root processes by 5–15 mm;
• place the tree in water so that it reaches a third of the growth of the seedling, and leave to soak for 2-3 days;
• before planting, dip the root system of the tree in a slurry of clay, manure and water (mixed to the consistency of thick sour cream, approximately in a ratio of 2: 1: 1) for 1-2 hours, then let the talker dry a little;
• if leaves remain on the seedling during autumn planting, cut them off, trying not to damage the buds, - intensive evaporation of moisture occurs through the leaf plate, which will negatively affect the tree until the root system is strengthened.

Distance between peaches when planting

Since the peach needs very good lighting, the tree should be planted so that the neighbors do not shade it. The minimum distance that the seedling should distance from other tall plants is 4 m, however, the distance between two peaches can be reduced to 2.5–3 m.

What can you plant next to a peach?

All plants emit certain volatile substances into the environment (phytoncides, alkaloids, phenols, etc.), and these compounds are distributed not only in the air, but also in the soil. The effect of such substances on other crops can be neutral, positive or negative. Knowing these rules, you can not only avoid serious mistakes when planning plantings, but also significantly help the crops in your garden.

Gardeners always try to form plantings so that fruit trees grow in groups of the same species (cherries with cherries, plums with plums, etc.). In relation to peaches, this should always be done, since this capricious tree does not tolerate neighborhood with anyone except representatives of its own species. The only exception, perhaps, is the almond - a close relative of the peach, but even then it is better not to risk it.

Interestingly, the peach's rejection of other fruit trees is often mutual. However, since the owners of small garden plots inevitably have to plant fruit trees close to each other, it is necessary to distinguish between neighborhoods, which can be allowed, although undesirable, with initially unacceptable combinations.

Planting dates for peaches in the fall: instructions for beginners

Most gardeners say that planting a peach in the fall is a “bad deal” as they say. In fact, planting this crop in the fall can be quite successful. Moreover, if everything is done correctly, then the tree will not only take root, but also please with a rich harvest.

But how to properly plant this southern capricious woman, what are the optimal dates for planting, and how to organize proper care in order to harvest a good harvest every year, and we will consider below.

Two ways to plant a peach

In recent years, there has been a lot of discussion among gardeners on the issue of burying the root collar of peach seedlings. It is believed that a deep planting increases the frost resistance of the tree. Some peach breeders go further and advise to deepen not only the neck, but also the vaccination site.

However, in this case, there is a risk that the scion will move to its own roots, and all the positive qualities of the rootstock will be lost. Therefore, the advisability of dropping the vaccine is questionable.

There are two standard planting technologies: "on a cone" and "in a slurry".

Peach tree planting scheme

Plant "on a cone"

Planting "on a cone" is not difficult. This is the most common method. The landing procedure is as follows:

1. 2 buckets of water are poured into the landing pit.
2. After soaking, the soil prepared in advance according to the above scheme is poured into a mound on the bottom of the pit.
3. The seedling is placed on top of a hill ("cone"). The roots are straightened along the slopes so that their location is at an angle of 45⁰.
4. Constantly controlling the position of the root collar, the hole is covered with fertile soil, tamping slightly so that there are no air cavities around the roots.
5. The trunk circle is watered with 1 bucket of water. When absorbed, the entire area of ​​the circle is mulched with humus, peat, and crushed bark.

After planting, the seedling is fixed to a support so that it does not tilt when the soil subsides in the pit and does not break in a strong wind.

If a May beetle or a bear is hooligan on the site, the roots of the seedling can be sprayed with a solution of the Aktara insecticide before planting.

Landing "in the slush"

This method is good because it allows you to land alone. The algorithm of actions to plant a peach "in a slush" is as follows:

1. At the bottom of the planting pit, 2 buckets of humus are poured out and filled with a bucket of water.
2. When the water is half absorbed, a bucket of fertile soil is poured.
3. The root system of the seedling is immersed in the resulting slurry. The viscous mass keeps it upright well.
4. The pit is gradually covered with soil. As it fills, the seedling is pulled higher by the stem. The roots themselves are at the correct angle.
5. When the hole is full, the position of the root collar is checked and another watering is performed.

The trunk circle should be mulched. The layer thickness must be at least 7 cm.

When planting in autumn, mulch can be used to cover the trunk of the seedling at a height of 20-25 cm above the grafting site. If the aboveground part of the peach is damaged by frost, the plant will recover from dormant lower buds in spring.

Young peach tree in the garden

Why autumn planting of a peach is better

And today there are heated debates between gardeners about when it is best to plant a peach crop. Some argue that planting should be organized strictly in the spring, while others, on the contrary, insist that the autumn season is the best time for this procedure. Therefore, it is worth considering in detail each planting time separately.

So, planting in the springtime. In this case, there is a great risk that the young tree will be attacked by pests and various diseases. As a result, not having had time to take root, the seedling may die, even if the care is properly organized.

Well, as for the advantages, in this case they are obvious, if you prevent the development of fungal diseases and the appearance of insect parasites, the peach will easily take root and grow. At the same time, keep in mind that planting and growing is due to great risks, so when deciding to plant a peach in the spring, get ready for the fact that you will have to constantly fight for your seedling.

The autumn planting of a peach crop is good because it allows the seedling to take root and get stronger before the onset of frost. Moreover, in winter, the tree will go into hibernation, so all risks related to attacks of parasites and fungal infections are reduced to zero.

And most importantly, the root system can easily form throughout the winter. This is very important, because with the onset of spring, the culture will show a rapid build-up of green mass and intensive bud formation.

As a result, you can enjoy the fruit from the peach tree literally in the third year, provided that the care of the crop is properly organized.

Well, the last plus in favor of planting in autumn is that you can buy peach planting material at this time at a low cost. At the same time, leaves will be present on the tree, and the root system will be well developed, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the quality of peach seedlings.

So, we figured out when it is better to plant a peach crop in spring or autumn. That being said, it should be noted that each landing time has its pros and cons of landing. But at the same time, most experienced gardeners recommend planting a peach in the fall. But how to correctly perform this manipulation, so that the plant grows stronger and takes root, let's consider below.

Peach tree care

If the peach is planted correctly, it will not be so difficult to care for the tree. Before the onset of cold weather, the trunk circle should be sprinkled with a layer of earth 20-30 cm thick and covered with dense agrotechnical fiber, burlap or other material.

Then you need to wrap the tree itself, carefully securing the cover so that it is not blown off by the wind. Further, as the seedling develops, it is important to engage in the formation of its crown, not allowing the tree to grow too high. The peach reacts very gratefully to pruning, forming larger fruits in this case. Experts recommend the procedure to be carried out in spring, when the air warms up to a stable + 6 ° C and dry weather sets in.

The crown is best formed in the shape of a bowl For this, at a height of 35–45 cm from the grafting site, three to five branches directed in different directions are left, located in relation to each other at a height of 8–15 cm. The main shoot is shortened at a height of no more than 85 cm. In subsequent years, they continue to form the crown, shortening the skeletal branches by 50-60 cm, and cutting off all others to 2-3 buds.

You can water the peach a little less often than other fruit trees, as it tolerates drought very well, what compares favorably with cherries and plums. In order for moisture to remain in the soil longer, and weeds do not interfere with the tree, it is useful to mulch the trunk circle throughout the season using freshly cut grass or sod.

It is necessary to feed the seedling in the first years after planting from two to four times per season, in the spring focusing on nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, carbamide, manure diluted in water), and closer to autumn - on potassium and phosphorus (potassium salt, potassium sulfate, superphosphate, etc.). Before feeding, the tree must be watered abundantly.

In order to prevent pests and fungal infections from bothering the peach, at the beginning of spring it should be treated with systemic insectofungicides, for example, copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, urea or Brunka.

Summing up, we can say that the doubts that many gardeners have about the prospect of growing a peach on their site are mostly unfounded. This tree is indeed quite thermophilic and capricious, and also very poorly gets along with most other horticultural crops.

However, with the observance of some tricks and the right choice of planting material, it is quite possible to create your own peach garden even in such an unfavorable region for this region as the middle zone of Russia.

Planting a peach in spring is the best choice for a climate in the middle zone. In autumn, due to the early onset of cold weather, there is a risk that the young tree will not have time to take root and will suffer in winter. For a gentle southern culture, the gardener carefully chooses a site and enriches the land with nutrients.

Choosing a seedling

No matter how favorable the climatic conditions for growing a peach, it is naive to believe that growing a healthy tree will come from any planting crop.To get good harvests on a regular basis, you need to choose the right seedling. How to do it? Consider below:

1. The tree of this culture is best purchased at a local nursery, which has proven itself well.
2. Inspect the seedling carefully before purchasing. Make sure the tree is dormant. This can be determined by the following signs, the shoots are completely covered with bark, and the buds are fully formed.
3. Buy peach varieties that are adapted to your region. By the way, experienced gardeners are advised to buy the planting material that was bred in Ukraine.
4. If you are a novice gardener, then it will be optimal for you to purchase planting material that is two years old. Such material will have a height of 5 meters, and the thickness of the trunk will be 2.5 cm.At the same time, the young growth should have at least 4 branches.

And, of course, pay attention to the appearance of the planting material. He must be healthy and strong. If the foliage of the tree is wrinkled, and the bark is peeling, then it is better not to acquire such a tree. Since the chances that it will take root are small.

Seat preparation

Peach is an extremely thermophilic and light-demanding plant. When choosing a site for planting it, you must immediately cut off all lowlands, windy, flooded and swampy places, areas with a high standing of groundwater, places shaded by tall buildings or mature trees.

The best options are any well-lit area covered from the north side: the south wall of a house or the slope of a gentle hill.

If the seedling is planted in an area where garden plants were previously cultivated, it must be borne in mind that any plants of the Solanaceae family, melons, as well as strawberries and sunflowers are not suitable as precursors for the peach.

The general scheme for preparing the landing pit is as follows:

1. The minimum dimensions are 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.5 meters. If the root system has powerful dimensions, the size may be larger - 1 * 1 * 0.8 meters. On wet soils, the depth increases by 20 cm. Additional space is filled with expanded clay.
2. The soil taken out of the pit is separately mixed with two buckets of good humus and a liter can of wood ash.
3. You can drive a support into the bottom of the pit close to the center.

The peach tree carries out a lot of nutrients from the soil, and filling the planting pit with fertilizers is a must. In addition to pure organic matter, you can add mineral complexes. For example, "Kemira Lux" or "Nitroammofoska". In this case, you need to ensure that the root system does not receive a chemical burn, and before planting the seedling, sprinkle mineral fertilizers with a layer of soil.

Autumn landing

So how to properly plant a peach in the fall? First, let's figure out what is the optimal time for this procedure. As a rule, peaches are planted in autumn in early September. To do this, choose a place located on the southern side of the site.

If you plan to plant several seedlings at once, then the distance between them should be at least three meters. If it is possible to plant a given culture against a wall or fence, then this will be the best option. Since such an area is well protected from strong winds and is fully illuminated by the sun.

It is also very important to prepare the land for planting a peach crop. This procedure is performed a week before the planned disembarkation, namely:

• first, the site is thoroughly cleared of weeds and other debris;
• then, the zone is dug up and rotted humus is introduced into the ground together with phosphate preparations;
• the prepared soil should stand for a week, and only then can the peach be planted.

After completing all these simple manipulations, you can start forming the planting holes and preparing the seedling. At the same time, it will be useful to emphasize that even a bone can sprout if you plant it correctly and organize its care.

Planting pit preparation

If you want your peach to take root, you need to properly dig and prepare the planting hole. To do this, perform the following manipulations:

• dig a hole 80 cm deep and 70 cm wide;
• then, 30 liters of warm settled water are poured into the finished pit;
• then a layer of broken red brick is laid out on the bottom of the hole, which will serve as drainage;
• further, it is necessary to add a bucket of rotted humus mixed with earth and wood ash to the hole.

Having completed all the above manipulations, they begin to plant a peach culture. The disembarkation is performed as follows. First, a wooden rail is installed in the very center of the hole. Next, the peach is planted.

The trunk is neatly installed in the center of the pit, so that the tree fits snugly against the rail. Then, it is necessary to evenly spread the root of the culture and sprinkle it with earth. After the planting is completed, the peach trunk is fixed with twine to the rail. And the final stage, abundant watering of the culture with a bucket of warm water, and the introduction of mulch.

It should be noted that the mulch layer should be at least 15 cm.

This kind of protection will help protect the root system in the winter. Well, as for the mulch itself, the following components are used for this:

• dry straw or hay mixed with rotted humus;
• chopped pine bark;
• dry leaves;
• agrofiber.

Experienced gardeners recommend using the first option, since this mixture performs two important functions. The planted culture will be protected from severe frosts, and at the same time it will be fed with useful elements.

Peach orchard planting scheme

Planting a peach should be done together. The procedure is carried out using the following technology:

1. At the bottom of the pit, a hill is formed from the prepared soil mixture, into the center of which a wooden stake is driven in as a support for the future seedling.
2. A small layer of garden soil without organic and mineral additives is poured over the hill. The same land will be used to fill the pit.
3. The seedling is placed on a hill next to the support, the roots are carefully distributed on different sides.
4. While one person holds the tree in a strictly vertical position, the other begins to sprinkle the hole with earth in layers, periodically tamping the soil so that no voids remain inside. You need to fill up the hole until the root collar is buried 5-7 cm in the ground.
5. At the end of the procedure, the earth is once again tamped tightly, a low earthen rampart is formed around the circumference and plentifully watered with slightly warmed up water.
6. Then the seedling is tied to a support using twine or other soft material that cannot scratch the delicate bark.
7. When the water is absorbed, the trunk circle is mulched abundantly with peat, sawdust, rotted manure or dead leaves of barren trees. Straw is not suitable as mulch, since it attracts mice, hares and other rodents to the site (especially in winter), which often gnaw the bark of young trees.

Video: planting a peach seedling

Leaving after disembarkation

The most common and frequent mistake of almost all novice gardeners is that after planting a peach crop, they do not pay enough attention to the tree and leave almost all lateral shoots on it. Gardeners hope that this method will bring more harvest.

In fact, a large number of lateral shoots, on the contrary, can destroy the culture. The fact is that in the spring, the entire ground part of the tree begins to evaporate moisture, which is very important for the root system of an immature plant.

As a result, moisture does not have time to be replenished, which leads to overdrying of the roots. In order to prevent the appearance of such a problem, it is recommended to perform the following manipulations:

• after planting the peach, it is necessary to determine the three strongest lateral shoots, and shorten them by ¼ part;
• the remaining lateral branches should be completely excised;
• then all the places of the cuts are treated with crushed activated carbon, and a layer of garden varnish is applied on top, which will help protect the plant in the winter.

After completing all these manipulations, do not forget to whitewash the tree with a solution of slaked lime. A layer of whitewash will help protect your plant from frost damage. And the final stage, the shelter of culture for the winter. In fact, caring for a peach is not difficult if you strictly adhere to all recommendations.

We cover the seedling before wintering

As you know, the peach culture is southern, and therefore very capricious. Therefore, before wintering, you should thoroughly cover the tree so that severe frosts cannot damage the plant.

At the same time, always remember one rule: to cover a peach, you can use any material that allows air to pass through well. But polyethylene is strictly prohibited to use.

There are two ways to cover the peach culture, namely:

1. Prepare burlap for future use, which is then wrapped around the stem of the culture. And after the tree is wrapped, 20 cm high earth is poured around the trunk from above.
2. The second option is to stock up on a large cardboard box that you put on a tree, and do not put a layer of straw or hay underneath.

Both options are simple and very convenient. At the same time, do not forget, as soon as the first snow falls, take a shovel and throw snow over the crop, such a kind of blanket will serve as a good protection for peach trees even in the most severe winter.

Important nuances to know before boarding

When planning to grow peaches, they study the details of planting, placement and caring for plants.

At what distance to plant peaches

It is recommended to observe the interval between trees up to 4-5 m. The peach planting scheme provides that the fruit forms are separated from each other by a distance equal to the sum of the height of their crown. Then the plants freely use the nutrients from the soil. Intensive methods of growing crops involve compacted planting followed by active nutrition of trees with mineral preparations.

What can be planted next to a peach

Providing the correct planting and care for the peach in the spring, they prevent possible diseases not only by treatment with fungicides, but also by a thoughtful arrangement:

• neighbors from the north, west and east at a distance of up to 6 m can be neutral apple and pear trees;
• the seedling should not be placed next to a plum, apricot or cherry, which are often subject to fungal diseases;
• tall ornamental trees will oppress peach and shade, and uncontrolled shoots;
• do not plant where strawberries, melons and nightshades were grown, since the plants have a general predisposition to verticillosis;
• Close plantings of alfalfa and clover oppress young trees.

What year does the peach bear fruit after planting

A well-placed seedling, not affected by frost, blooms in the third year of development. After planting, the peach begins to bear fruit more abundantly for 5-6 years. The early varieties mature 85-95 days after flowering, while the middle varieties mature in 3-4 months.

How to plant a peach

The native land of the peach is considered to be northern China (near Beijing). In Europe, namely Italy, the peach was planted in the middle of the first century. The fruit is thermophilic, therefore it is most often planted in the southern regions of Eurasia and America. Due to its hardiness and the greatest frost resistance, in comparison with apricot, peach is gradually gaining popularity among gardeners.

Exists several varieties of peach:

1. The peaches are real. They have a soft fluff on the skin;
2. Nectarines. The peel is smooth.

Fruits attract customers with their taste, aroma and size.When propagated by seeds, beautiful trees can be grown, the fruits will delight with their high yield, with inherited maternal traits.

The article will tell you about all the characteristics of this type of peach and how to plant a peach, how to care for it.

How to plant a peach correctly

Productivity, winter hardiness and low susceptibility of peaches to diseases largely depend on the choice of a planting site and filling the pit with nutrients.

When is the best time to plant a peach

In the middle lane, peaches are planted from April 10-20. If spring is early, planting is carried out at the end of March. A strong seedling will grow immediately. The leaves will not suffer from spring frosts, the root system will not dry out on condition of regular watering, it will take root well at the beginning of the warm season.

Description of culture

Before tackling the creation of a peach garden, you need to study the information on how to plant a peach. After all, this culture is quite whimsical in its care. Gardeners for cultivation choose cultivars and horticultural varieties descended from "Persica vulgaris". Some trees reach 3-4 meters in height. Due to its root system, which does not go deeper into the ground more than 70 cm, the tree does not need watering in dry and hot weather.

The crown of the peach is wide and spreading, therefore, when planting, it is necessary to foresee a large area for the culture in advance so that neighboring trees do not interfere with each other.

The fruit tree needs cross-pollination, therefore, several varieties must be planted at once for a bountiful harvest. Fruits appear in the second year, fruiting with good care continues for twenty years.

Fruit weight reaches 150-200 grams

The weight of the fruit reaches 150-200 grams, the color is white-yellow or yellow-orange. The color of the peel is white, pink, yellow with red "cheeks", red-carmine.

Worth Mark! If peaches of different ripeness are planted, the harvest will continue until early October. Peach does not have good keeping quality, therefore ripe fruits are not suitable for long-term transportation.

The pulp of this fruit is tender and fragrant, sweet-sour or honey-sweet taste. The advantages of peach lie not only in taste, but also in the fact that it has medicinal properties. It contains a large amount of vitamins, pectin, organic acids, as well as a complex of minerals: selenium, potassium, silicon, iron, magnesium, manganese and others. It helps to resist certain types of diseases.

The iodine contained in fruits normalizes the thyroid gland, which is responsible for immunity. In a peach, not only juice and pulp are useful, but also seeds, they are used in the preparation of cosmetics and various medicines.

Peach juice is very healthy

What does a peach look like

Peach is a straight-stemmed deciduous tree that can reach a height of 9 m. But, on average, growth does not exceed 4-6 m. This parameter is strongly tied to the variety and the stock used. The crown diameter can be up to 6 m - the branches grow densely, and the young plant can look like a shrub. But, during cultivation, many shoots are cut off while the peaches are still in bloom. Among the features are also distinguished:

1. The trunk has a dense bark, red-brown color. The structure is close to scaly surfaces.
2. Young shoots are lighter than the main trunk and smooth to the touch; they coarse with age.
3. The root system does not go deeper than 30-50 cm into the ground without using the stock.
4. Landscaping consists of elongated lanceolate leaves with a jagged edge and a smooth surface.

Visually, the common peach tree is very similar to its closest relative, the almond. This culture is referred to as self-pollinated plants, therefore, with a large abundance of flowers, the yield is very high.According to rough estimates, the useful ovary and peaches on the tree, from the number of blossoming buds, are about 26-60.5%. The grading by the mass of the hybrid fruit generally accepted by gardeners:

• very large - from 180 g;
• large - from 150 g;
• medium - from 90 g;
• small - from 60 g;
• very small - up to 60 g.

The shape of the fruit is different - they are round, elongated, flattened, ovoid. There is a groove on one side of the fetus. Certain varieties of this culture may lack habitual pubescence. An example of this is nectarine. The skin of the fruit is thin, colored in different ways - from light green to expressive red. Creamy pulp with a pronounced aroma. Inside there is a ribbed and dense bone in structure - sometimes it is difficult to separate it from the pulp.

Agrotechnics

Selection of seedlings

In order to guarantee a good survival rate of the peach, it is recommended to choose seedlings 1-2 years old. The height of the tree reaches up to 1.5 mestres, the circumference of the trunk is 1.5-2 cm. If the trees are planned to be planted in spring and immediately in a permanent place, then the roots can be cut off. Lateral shoots are cut by 1/3, and the trunk is up to 90 centimeters. The day before planting, it is advisable to place the seedling in a container with a root.

In autumn, the roots are shortened, and the aerial part remains unchanged. In the case of purchasing seedlings 3-4 years old with well-developed leaf plates, it is better to remove them in order to avoid drying out of the trunk and side shoots.

How to plant a peach correctly

The soil for the culture can be different, but not saline or acidified. If the land on the territory of planting fruit trees is heavy, then it is saturated with nutrients. For example, you can add a couple of buckets of humus to the soil. If the soil is light, then one bucket of humus will be enough.

The planting pit is prepared 4-6 months before disembarkation. Planting pits, 80 * 60 * 40 in size, are arranged according to a 5 * 3 m scheme.A wooden peg is driven in the middle of the pit, up to 1.5 m long, you can also use a flat support, 1-2 cm wide.It is recommended to form drainage at the bottom of the pit , 10-15 cm high. It may include sand, gravel and other small materials. The drainage is prepared so that the liquid entering the plant does not stagnate, and the roots of the tree do not rot from high humidity.

When planting, the roots of the seedling are straightened and covered with soil, then filled with settled water. The root collar must be left 3-4 centimeters above the ground. 5-6 shafts are formed around the peach, after which a couple more buckets are poured. After all the moisture is absorbed, the earth is mulched. The stem remains open.

Peach planting scheme

How the peach blooms

The tree blooms even in early spring - as soon as the temperature rises to 6-8ºC. But, you need to try to protect the plant from recurrent frosts. The buds appear when there are no peach leaves yet. The color of the petals depends on the variety - from delicate to expressive pink. The branches, during the flowering period of the peach, are almost completely covered with buds, which is often appreciated by decorators. Main characteristics:

• bell-shaped buds, throughout the shoot;
• the diameter of each peach blossom can reach 3.5 cm;
• the petals are bowl-shaped.

In appearance, this plant looks like an apricot, but blooms 1-2 weeks later. The duration of the preservation of flowers on the branches is approximately 15 days. But, this period depends on the variety and climate. To ensure a normal harvest and large fruits, it is recommended to cut off some of the branches of the peach tree in bloom. If you do not follow this procedure, then there is a risk of depletion of the root system and overloading of the main fruiting shoots.

On a note!

The fruits ripen 80-150 days after flowering. At this time, it is imperative to apply fertilizer, since the plant greatly depletes the soil.

Peach-friendly regions

The fruit is sun-loving, feels good and gives a bountiful harvest in regions with warm weather conditions. At temperatures below 15 degrees C, the crown and roots of the tree freeze over.

Southern region of Russia

Peach seedlings are planted mainly in the fall, then by the time the cold weather sets in, the root system will have time to strengthen and will be completely ready to meet spring. In order to avoid the appearance of curly foliage, the blossoming foliage is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture or zineb.

In order to avoid the appearance of curly foliage, the blossoming foliage is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture

If you plant a peach seedling in the southern region in the spring and do not protect it from the May and June sun, then there is a risk that the buds will be completely dried out. The bark and subcrustal layers will coarse and dry out. Therefore, in order to preserve the seedlings, it is necessary to use an airtight shelter, spray the peach with water, water the soil at least 2 times a week to maintain constant humidity.

Northern regions and middle lane

For a peach, planting and care in the middle lane is possible in the spring and autumn. The soil should warm up to +12, + 15 ° С. In the event that autumn came early and turned out to be cold, with abundant and prolonged precipitation, it is recommended to hold the seedlings and it is better to plant them in the spring.

In the northern regions, the peach is planted mainly in the spring, when the ground warms up well and the weather returns to normal. Frost-resistant varieties have time to strengthen and tolerate winter well. In cold areas, so that the seedlings do not freeze, they will need to be covered.

Peach shelter for the winter

Why does the peach die?

The main reason for the death of peach trees in the year of planting is overdrying of the root system. Therefore, you should especially carefully examine it. The roots must be alive, healthy, undried. To verify this, you need to update the slices at the roots.

When transporting seedlings from the nursery, wrap the roots with a damp cloth or paper, and wrap the top with plastic wrap. Once overdried, the root system is no longer restored. When planting single trees, it is necessary to pay attention so that the peach plant is not oppressed and shaded by nearby trees and buildings. If you are planting several peach trees, then they are placed in groups to make it easier to care for them.

Peach varieties

According to the ripening rate, peaches are divided into early, mid and late ripening. All three varieties are well grown in the southern region. In the middle lane and the northern region, early varieties are often used, less often medium ones.

For the following varieties of culture are most suitable for the southern regions:

• Rossoshanskaya early ripening;
• Favorite;
• Kiev early;
• Reliable;
• Cardinal;
• Fluffy early and others;

Southern variety of peach "Cardinal"

IN winter-hardy varieties are grown in the middle lane, such as:

• Veteran;
• Kremlin large-fruited;
• Sunset;
• Fairy tale, etc.

Winter-hardy peach variety "Veteran"

Every year more and more new varieties of peach trees appear on the market. Therefore, choosing the right variety for the region where you plan to plant a peach will not be difficult.

How many years does a peach bear fruit

The lifespan of a peach can be up to 30 years, but for this period you need to take care of the tree. With classic care, the fruiting period can reach 10-16 years. But, if you update the hybrid in a timely manner, by pruning and choose a stable stock, then the crop can be harvested for a longer period. To preserve the quality of the fruit, it is imperative to remove damaged and old branches.

Peach is a hardy hybrid crop that can be grown in central and southern Russia. The fruits of this plant are of great taste and energy value. Flowering occurs in early spring and, subject to all standards of agricultural technology, can give a large yield - at least 20-30 kg from one young tree.The life of the plant is short, but with regular renewal of the branches, you can get a sweet fruit for up to 30 years.

Planting errors

When planting seedlings, many gardeners can make various mistakes. Even experienced farmers are not immune from this. Any oversight or carelessness can lead to the death of seedlings, affect the yield, taste, and quality of the fruit.

To to avoid them, it is necessary to study the very mistakes that can occur during the procedure for planting seedlings:

• The seedling hole was not prepared in advance (4-6 months before planting). This usually leads to a deepening of the root collar, as a result, the development of the seedling will be slowed down;
• Peach varieties are selected, regardless of the climatic conditions of the region in which they will be grown. The seedlings will freeze at the first severe frosts, there will be no harvest;
• Saplings at the time of purchase are more than 2 years old. Such a tree will not take root well in a new place, respectively, growth will be slowed down, and the time for harvesting will not come soon.

Growing a peach requires constant increased attention, it is important to know where and how to plant a peach tree. Only thanks to the care and proper care of the garden, this culture will certainly delight with its intensive growth, abundant harvest and sweet fruits.

A peach is a fruit or a berry

The peach tree is an artificially bred hybrid and does not occur in nature as an independent plant. There is no exact information about the origin of this plant - experts suggest that it is the territory of Ancient China. The answer to the question of whether it is a fruit or a berry is not difficult - to determine, you can consider the description of these concepts. The berry is characterized by a low-growing bushy plant and fruits, in which there are many seeds. In the case of the fruit, juicy flesh, a kernel in the center and formation on a tree, often high.

The fruits of this hybrid are divided into groups:

1. Real - sweet pulp easily separates from the peel and bone covered with villi.
2. Nectarine - the stone leaves the fruit pulp, and the surface of the skin is smooth and not pubescent.
3. Pavia - delicate pulp is difficult to separate from the drupe, but pubescence is present on the surface.
4. Brunions - the surface of the fruit is smooth, like a nectarine, but the stone is difficult to separate.
5. Wedges - it is difficult to separate the drupe from the tough cartilaginous pulp. Used for conservation.
6. Fig - slightly flattened fruit, covered with fluff and sweet tender pulp.

Attention!

The classification of the fruit does not indicate the variety - depending on the species, the characteristics of the fruit may be different.

Description of the peach tree

Garden varieties come from common peach, shrub or single-stemmed forms. The height of the tree can reach 9 meters, but spreading trees of 3-4 meters are more common. The root system of a peach is superficial, located in a fertile layer up to 70 cm. Peaches love warmth, light and abundant watering. The tree bears fruit for 20 years, starting from the second year after rooting.

The peach tree is a cross-pollinated species. Several nearby growing varieties will increase the fruiting of each, especially if you create a conveyor of fruits from July to September, collecting specimens of different ripening periods. Keeping quality of peaches is low.

Peach trees cannot be called frost-resistant. They lose part of the roots during winter frosts -25 0, if they last more than three days. For a day, the roots will withstand a severe frost of 30-35 degrees. A short dormant period awakens the tree with winter growths occurring in winter.

Delicate peach is difficult to endure wintering. The crown does not withstand frosts of -20 0 without shelter, while fruit buds and last year's growth die. It is comforting that the peach tree has a great self-healing ability and after a year the frozen tree will bloom again.

Peach diseases and pests

The main enemies of the peach:

Adult peach

On average, the fruiting period of a culture is approximately 10 years, but this period can be lengthened by rejuvenating an adult tree.

To do this, you need to replace the old structural branches with new ones. Old fruiting branches are simply removed, leaving enough space for young shoots to form. It is best to perform this procedure in the spring, when at the same time you can not only renew the tree, but also remove all dried, damaged, frozen parts.

Young tree

The main purpose of pruning a young tree is to develop a crown of the correct shape and form a powerful culture.

Note: Pruning of a young seedling is carried out mainly in the spring. If you do not ignore this action, you will definitely get large fruits with high taste qualities.

In addition to spring, pruning is also performed 2-3 times during the summer (the last one is performed in August). The number of procedures directly depends on how actively the seedling develops new shoots. Since this crop is growing quite actively, thin branches must be removed regularly: they do not bear fruit, but deprive the tree of the necessary nutrients.

The cup-shaped crown is optimal for a young plant. It allows the branches to grow freely and produce a large number of large fruits, and in this case it is easy to harvest.

To form a bowl-shaped crown, you need to do the following:

• The center conductor is shortened to 50 centimeters. This height is considered appropriate if the tree grows in a well-lit area.
• Of the most powerful shoots, one structural branch is chosen, which extends from the trunk at an angle of approximately 45 degrees.
• On the polar side and slightly higher along the trunk, another such branch is chosen, which, in combination with the first, will produce the skeleton of the seedling.

In the future, pruning is carried out according to the same principle: every year you need to leave several strong branches receding from the central conductor at an optimal angle. However, one should not forget about removing the annual growth that thickens the crown.

Types of shoots

To properly prune a peach, you must first select 6 types of branches on it:

1. Growth shoots are distinguished by the presence of only vegetative buds.
2. Mixed shoots are powerful branches with fruit and vegetative buds. These are fruit-bearing branches, so they cannot be cut off.
3. Bouquet branches are small shoots with a vegetative bud at the top, surrounded by many others. Fruiting on them is very weak for the first few years. Therefore, it is best to prune these shoots on young trees. In an adult peach, it is not recommended to remove them.
4. Small twigs often shed fruit. At best, they are able to grow small peaches. After fruiting, they die off.
5. Tops are good, strong, but not fruiting shoots. They replace skeletal branches in case of freezing after winter.
6. Summer shoots are formed in late July - early August. Most often they freeze in winter, not having time to get stronger.

Peach farming technology for each climatic zone

It is customary to grow a peach tree in climatic zones with a mild climate. At the same time, a cup-shaped crown, pierced by the sun's rays, is formed, located at a distance of at least 3 meters.

For areas with cold winters, a bush form and thickened plantings are more suitable. Here, fruit links are formed from the lower shoots. Low-lying branches are easy to cover in the winter, ensuring the safety of the fruit buds.

Only seedlings of zoned and recommended peach varieties should be purchased. A good result is obtained by gardeners by growing a tree from a local variety of peach pits.

Peach care is year-round, and includes techniques to create conditions for long-term annual fruiting. Therefore, peach agrotechnology in the Caucasus and in the Moscow region includes one operation, but they are performed using different technologies:

• planting dates and varieties;
• the formation of a young and fruitful tree;
• watering and feeding;
• protection from pests and diseases;
• preparation for wintering and spring awakening of the tree.

Trimming and shaping

It is important to remember that the peach is painful to cut. The cut is performed at a time, with a tool treated with alcohol, and then the cut itself is processed with garden varnish.

Spring pruning

The optimal time for spring pruning is to choose between swelling and blooming buds. Spring pruning is not as detrimental to the plant as pruning for the winter. Because in the warm season, the plant has a great ability to fight disease and injury.

The shortening is carried out in order to form a beautiful crown, convenient for care and harvesting. Thinning is suitable for mature trees with dense branches.

Pruning principles:

1. It is important to remember the first rule: those branches that gained growth last year will be fruitful.
2. The substitution principle works here: a twig with two shoots, the first shoot should bear fruit this year, it is saved, and the second shoot, which will bear fruit next year, is removed.

This method of pruning gives a good harvest and inhibits the overgrowth of young branches.

If you can't see which branch to remove before flowering, then you can use this option during flowering. A branch on which there are too many flowers will, accordingly, bear small fruits. Such a branch is removed, and the cut is processed.

Today, the formation of the Free Spindle type has become widespread. In the fifth year, the height of the seedling reaches 3 meters, a tree grows in the shape of a herringbone.

The scheme for the sequence of work looks like this:

1. In the lower tier of the branches, 4 main frame branches are left.
2. In the second tier, 5 branches are left.
3. All branches are pruned by one third. They remove all the frozen and sick.

Pruning in the fall

Autumn pruning of peaches is done after harvest, but before the first frost.

The scheme is as follows:

1. The number of branches on a tree should not exceed 80 pieces.
2. All fruit-bearing branches are pruned.
3. Remove dry and bacterial branches.
4. If winters are harsh, fragile twigs should be removed.

Peach pruning chart by year

How do peaches grow in a greenhouse?

There are many benefits to growing peaches in greenhouse conditions all year round.

The gardener Evgeny Fedotov from the Moscow region shared this:

1. The greenhouse protects the plant from root collar diaper rash, which kills many plants.
2. Constant temperature: no burns or frostbite. The film scatters sunlight well.
3. When grown in a greenhouse, peaches are not susceptible to leaf curl disease, which can destroy crops.
4. Very high yield of peaches.
5. Intensive watering is not required because the peach roots grow deep enough outside the greenhouse.
6. It is not even necessary to put a special heater in the greenhouse for peaches, the temperature in the greenhouse itself is enough.

But, and among the difficulties in leaving, the gardener noted:

1. Constant pruning of trees throughout the year. The branches grow and rest against the walls and ceiling and this should not be allowed.
2. The flowering is so abundant that you have to remove a good half of the flowering branches, otherwise the fruits will grow small.
3. During flowering, it is necessary to constantly open windows in the greenhouse, for access to insect pollination. Otherwise, you will need to pollinate each flower by hand.

Learn more about how peaches grow in a greenhouse from the video:

Choosing a place and determining the neighborhood

Before planting, be sure to find out with which trees you can plant a peach. This will make it easier to select a growing area. An incorrectly chosen neighborhood will weaken immunity.

Important!

When choosing what to plant next to, you need to take into account that the worst neighbors are pear, cherry, walnut, apricot, sweet cherry.

The tree loves warmth, an abundance of sunlight. The plant is capricious, thermophilic. The transplant of the appendix is ​​undesirable, therefore, the choice of the place must be approached responsibly. The best place is the south side of the site. The plant should not be shaded by other plantings. It needs a lot of light and begins to bloom earlier than others. It is desirable that the tree be protected by a fence on the north side. This will protect the plant from strong winds.

Briefly about the botanical features of the peach

In summer cottages, garden or cultivated varieties of peach are mainly grown, which originated from the common peach (Persica vulgaris). These are arboreal or shrub forms of perennial fruit crops. Usually 3 - 4 meters in height, but some varieties can grow up to 8-9 m. The root system of a peach does not penetrate more than 60-70 cm into the soil, and therefore the culture needs watering in dry hot weather.

The skeletal branches of the peach crown have a large angle of deviation from the main trunk, which contributes to the formation of a wide spreading crown. This feature must be taken into account when planting plants. Peaches don't like thickening.

Peach belongs to the group of cross-pollinated plants and needs a partner. To obtain full-fledged crops in the country, you need to plant several different varieties. Fruiting begins in the 2nd - 3rd year and lasts up to 20 years with proper care.

Fruits of individual peach varieties reach a mass of 150-200 g of different pulp colors (from white to yellow and yellow-orange) and fruit colors - from white, pink, yellow with colored red cheeks to red carmine. When planting different varieties of peach (early, middle, late), fresh fruits can be obtained from July to the end of September. The keeping quality of fruits is determined by the biological properties of the variety, but does not differ in duration.

According to biological characteristics, peaches are divided into 2 varieties.

• Real peaches, which are distinguished by softly pubescent fruits. A varietal sign may be a slight separation of the bone from the pulp. (In some varieties, the bone does not separate from the pulp).
• Nectarines, the main difference of which is the naked fruit (like a plum) and the ability to separate or not separate the pulp from the stone is preserved.

Reasons for the lack of flowering

Often, when purchasing, the dealer, telling how a peach blooms, promises quick fruiting. If the peach does not bloom, then the problem is:

• freezing of the root system;
• frostbite of the trunk and branches;
• damage by parasites or fungus.

If the above signs are not found during inspection, it is worthwhile to understand this situation in more detail. One of the more global reasons is the wrong place for planting a seedling. The peach tree should be located in an area with good lighting, relatively far from other trees.

If the peach tree is located in a shady, swampy area, flowering is simply not possible.

A peach blooms only when it is healthy and of high quality, properly fertilized. Every year there is a need to feed it with nutrients, which significantly stimulates the development of the root system.

You can accelerate and improve flowering with the help of fertilizer, which is not difficult to prepare. It is enough to connect:

• 70 g of urea or ammonium nitrate;
• 40 g phosphorus;
• 50 g of potassium.

Another reason for the lack of peach flowering is the lack of pruning. By removing branches, you stimulate bud development by removing old shoots.

Pruning should be done annually, in the first half of spring. During pruning, you need to remove the shoots located in the center, vertically growing branches. Fruiting shoots should also be pruned, leaving no more than 4 buds. It is impossible to completely bare the tree on the eve of flowering.

How to grow a fruiting peach tree in the suburbs

The studies carried out by the scientists of the Botanical Garden, who studied the experience of amateurs of gardeners in the Moscow region on growing peaches, led to some conclusions:

1. Seedlings grown from seeds of local varieties retain their maternal qualities when taken from a native peach. Seedlings from rootstocks are sterile.
2. Own-rooted peaches are highly resistant to local conditions.
3. It is proposed to form a fruit tree so as to give a bushy shape, leaving predominantly young growth.
4. Trees should be planted so that they can be sheltered in the middle of winter. Create a screen from the north wind even in summer.
5. Use seedlings grafted onto almonds and cherry plums. Apricot Peach Jardel is an unsuccessful stock.

Gardeners and lovers of the Moscow region are advised to purchase seedlings of zoned varieties from local nurseries. So far, there are only 29 varieties, but breeding work continues.

How to care for a peach tree? An example of correct agricultural technology for the middle lane is the garden of the amateur Kostetsky. The harvest from each of the 20 peaches in 2011 amounted to 30 kg per tree. He got such results, adapting to the needs of the southerners for 20 years.

Recommendations for those interested in growing peaches in the Moscow region:

1. Planting several varieties of seedlings with a distance between holes of 3x4 meters.
2. Spring cutting of dry, weak, non-fruiting branches. After flowering, thinning is required, removal of excess ovary, then the fruits reach 150-200 g of weight.
3. Protection - 4 times in the spring spraying with 1% copper sulfate against curly leaves, perforated spot.

Fertilizes plants all year round. After a year, 3 kg / sq. m of the area of ​​humus in a mixture of superphosphate and potassium salt for the entire area of ​​the garden in autumn. In early spring, fertilize with liquid organic matter annually. In winter, more than half a bucket of wood ash is poured into each hole. In the spring, when the buds swell, 300 g of complex fertilizer is introduced into the trunk circle, and 5-6 buckets of water are poured into it. After flowering, liquid 10% organic matter is introduced into the trunk circle in the amount of 3-4 buckets.In August, feeding is repeated with the addition of half a glass of superphosphate to the bucket.

In the fall, when the foliage falls off, each tree receives 10 more buckets of water. Then the earth is mulched with humus. There is always space near the trunk to prevent diaper rash.

Planting peach seedlings in autumn. When is the best time to plant a peach - in autumn or spring?

Fruit trees are known to be planted either in early spring or late autumn. Let's make a reservation right away: there is no consensus on which of these landing methods is optimal. So, supporters of spring planting note that the seedlings in this case have enough time to get stronger, while in the fall young trees, especially those as delicate as peaches, not having time to adapt to a new place, have every chance of freezing when the very first frosts.

Other gardeners insist that it is the autumn planting that allows the tree to adapt in a normal way during the period while it is dormant, due to which such seedlings usually begin to actively and fully grow in the spring, form shoots and buds, and from the third year they give first harvest.
On the contrary, in the spring, when the sap flow is activated and the aboveground part of the plant begins to grow intensively, the fragile roots are not able to provide vegetation and instead of increasing strength and power, they give all their strength to the upper parts, as a result of which it is the tree planted in spring that is more likely to freeze when the coming of the next winter.

Did you know? For the American astronauts on the lunar expedition, it was peaches that were included in the diet of fruits.

Another argument in favor of autumn is the fact that in the spring the seedling usually becomes a victim of an attack of various diseases and pests, while before the onset of winter all these parasites go into hibernation, and the tree gets the opportunity to adapt to a new place without interference. In addition to the above, it can be noted that in the fall the choice of seedlings is usually wider, and they are cheaper, while by the spring the best planting material is sold out.

It can be quite difficult to determine their quality and vitality from spring seedlings stored in a buried state, and newly dug trees retain fresh roots and leaves, from the appearance of which it is easy to understand how healthy the plant is. Accordingly, the choice between spring and autumn planting of a peach must be made based on the climatic zone in which the tree is to be grown. Autumn is the best choice, but only for those regions where winters are not too harsh.

ROUGHTING CANNOT BE REJUVENATED

Before deciding to uproot a tree, you need to carefully examine its condition. As already mentioned, the peach can freeze out to the level of the snow cover. But the part, covered with snow, remains alive, and in this case the plant can recover in literally a year, thanks to its ability to produce 2-3 shoots growth waves annually. Even if the tree is badly damaged, it can be reanimated.

This will require rejuvenating or restorative pruning. By making cross-sections, gradually remove all the dead tissue until it reaches the living wood. It retains a noble light green color (and the damaged one turns brown). As a result, a part of the stem should remain up to 40-60 cm in height or, if you're lucky, a stem with short, up to 20 cm in length, branches from skeletal branches. This is enough for the peach to recover - in a year it will again have fruits, even larger than before pruning. But if there are trees of unsuitable varieties in the garden, they can be uprooted.

Spring is the most crucial period in peach care

Nature is awakening.It was at this time that the gardener began to suffer to protect the peach from pests and diseases, and pruning to form the future harvest.

Caring for a peach in spring consists in the timely release of branches and roots from the protective shelter, so as not to create diaper rash in the trunk. At the same time, protective measures should be taken, feeding should be carried out in accordance with the schedule. As soon as the flower buds begin to swell, within 3 weeks, the time for the formation of the crown comes for the gardener. The event is responsible, requiring practical skills and well-sharpened tools. How to properly prune peaches in spring, watch the video for beginners:

The main goals of spring pruning are:

• rid the tree of fattening branches;
• free access to the sun's rays for fruiting shoots;
• remove old branches on which there are already few fruitful shoots.

It should be remembered that pruning is an operation during which you can weaken the tree. It should be as gentle as possible. It is impossible to close the wet cut with garden varnish immediately after pruning. You can apply a protective layer after 3-4 days so as not to get gum leakage.

Only a well-groomed, strong tree can decorate the garden and bear delicious aromatic fruits.

Peach is an ancient culture, whose homeland is considered to be northern China. The main plantations of peach are concentrated in the subtropics and warm regions of the Caucasus, European and Asian states. The culture of peaches stepped into the vastness of the southern and some middle regions in the second half of the last century. Currently, there is a real peach boom. Many gardeners prefer peaches over apricots. Peaches are more hardy in spring return frosts. The advantages of a peach include the possibility of obtaining a full-fledged harvest with the inheritance of maternal traits (large-fruited, pulp taste, aroma, etc.) when propagated by seeds.

Peach tree with fruits.

Nutritional value and chemical composition

100 g of peaches contains only 45 kcal, 0.9 g of protein, 0.1 g of fat, 9.5 g of carbohydrates, 86 g of water. Peach also contains:

• vitamin A;
• beta carotene;
• vitamin B1;
• vitamin B2;
• vitamin B4;
• vitamin B5;
• vitamin B6;
• vitamin B9;
• vitamin C;
• vitamin E;
• vitamin K;
• calcium;
• potassium;
• magnesium;
• sodium;
• iron;
• phosphorus;
• manganese;
• copper;
• chromium;
• zinc.

The choice of planting material

The best and most economical option for every novice gardener is to grow a peach seedling from a stone. To do this, you will need to select several ripe and undamaged fruits, from which the seeds are carefully removed in the future, they are thoroughly washed and dried.

The next stage is the stratification of the planting material. To do this, take the following components in equal parts:

• sand;
• moss;
• peat;
• sawdust.

All components are mixed and moistened with water. Then, bones are placed in the resulting substrate. In general, it takes about three months for a sprout to germinate from a peach seed.

At the same time, such a process can be accelerated a little; for this, the bones are removed in early spring from the substrate, and they are planted in the soil, maintaining a distance of 30 cm.

In addition to the above option, you can use natural stratification. This procedure involves planting peach pits directly into the ground in the fall. This manipulation is performed in October before the onset of frost.

This method is good because in the winter there is a natural process of standing seeds in the ground. And with the onset of spring, peach seedlings are carefully dug up and keep stronger, with a well-developed root system.

At the same time, it is worth emphasizing: despite the fact that this method of obtaining is the simplest and most affordable, it does not guarantee the receipt of a tree with similar qualities from which the seedlings were taken.

Therefore, if you are interested in just this way of obtaining planting material, keep in mind that it will not always be successful, because the seed does not always fully retain its parental characteristics.

What are the most delicious peaches

When choosing a variety for planting, it is also important to build on the desired taste. Below are the 5 most delicious, according to professional gardeners, varieties.

Collins

It is an early ripe variety with large yellow-red fruits. Their average weight reaches 150 g. The flesh tastes sweet, with a slight sourness.

Collins is renowned for its yield. Therefore, so that the branches do not break under the weight of massive fruits, it is important to remove ripe fruits in time.

The culture calmly tolerates frosts, is immune to powdery mildew and curliness. Needs regular feeding, abundant watering and pruning of the crown.

Kiev early

An early variety, often grown by summer residents in the Crimea and other regions with a warm spring climate. Yields very juicy, tasty yellow-pink fruits weighing 80 - 100 g.

Plants have high yields, are resistant to clasterosporosis and powdery mildew. They do not tolerate excessive moisture or dryness of the soil.

Redhaven

Redhaven is another early ripening variety that adapts to changing climatic conditions. Perfect for both private and industrial breeding.

The fruits are large, weighing 150 - 170 g. The color is closer to orange-golden, there are red blotches on the skin. The pulp is yellow, delicate in taste, with a pronounced odor.

The variety is resistant to frost and curl, but with improper care it is susceptible to fungal attack. To avoid such problems, it is important to carry out feeding and disease prevention on time.

Cardinal

Cardinal peaches of medium size, weighing 100 - 150 g, slightly flattened on the sides. The skin is yellow with a carmine blush. Fragrant pulp. The fruits have high taste and have a score of 5 points on the main tasting scale.

This variety does not tolerate frost well and needs special care. It is resistant to powdery mildew.

Kremlin

A popular variety that adapts well to any conditions. The fruits themselves are orange-yellow with ruddy red blotches, weighing up to 200 g. They have a unique sweet taste, delicate aroma.

Kremlin peaches are immune to most diseases, are characterized by high winter hardiness, which allows them to be grown in regions with a cool climate. The tree does not like waterlogging of the soil, so it is important to carefully control watering. Landing in elevated areas is recommended.

Planting seedlings

Today, planting a peach as a seedling is the best way to get a good and strong tree, which in just a few years will delight you with a generous harvest. For this purpose, a well-developed and grafted seedling can be purchased from the nursery. And the survival rate of such planting material is several times higher, in contrast to the resulting sprout from the bone.

At the same time, it is important to know that if you acquire young growth far from your site, then when transporting seedlings, they should be prepared in advance for such a procedure. The root system of each peach tree is wrapped in a damp cloth and then covered with plastic.

This method will help protect the seedlings from drying out during transportation. Another important point to consider: all damaged tips of the root system, before planting, must be carefully excised. And the cut points will need to be lubricated with crushed activated carbon.

The benefits of peach

Sweet-sour, honey-sweet peach pulp, delicate and aromatic, is not only tasty, but also curative. These fruits are high in vitamins, sugars, pectin and organic acids, including cinchona, tartaric, citric, and malic acids.Pectins and antioxidants protect the body from aging. High content of B vitamins, A, PP, K, C, E, a fairly large list of minerals, including potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, calcium, sodium, zinc, fluorine, manganese, selenium, silicon, chlorine, phosphorus, aluminum, sulfur, help to resist various diseases, including anemia. Peach juice is prescribed by doctors for anemia and heart rhythm disturbances, gastrointestinal diseases, neurodermatitis, asthma, flu and many other diseases. The iodine contained in peach fruits helps to normalize the thyroid gland, which is responsible for the body's immune system. Peach oil is obtained from the seeds, which is used in the manufacture of cosmetics and medicines.

Tips for the summer resident

We plant a peach for one purpose - to get subsequently a tasty and healthy fruit, which, unlike store grounds, will not be "stuffed" with harmful chemicals that accelerate the growth of fruits. Check out a few important tips from experienced gardeners. They will help to achieve a positive effect when growing a heat-loving crop.

1. Don't neglect fertilizers. They can kill bacteria that are beneficial for plant growth.
2. Do not try to grow a pit peach outdoors. Only that variety of trees suitable for the region will take root in it. You can try to plant a peach seed in a pot at home, and if it gives roots and a sprout, then later you can transplant the sprouted seedlings into the soil.
3. Do not plant the peach after the deadline. This will lead to hypothermia and death.
4. Do not buy a seedling if it is more than two years old and do not want to replant a peach. It adapts to a new environment worse.

If you want to transplant a peach on the site, then you must understand that it will require proper careful care. Therefore, if you do not have the time or desire to devote it to a capricious and thermophilic culture, then it is better to postpone this venture for another, most suitable period.

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Types and varieties of plants, appearance

The peach fruit has a juicy and sweet yellow flesh. Inside this fruit, there is a large pit with many dimples. The peach skin is slightly covered with hairs, the color can be either straw-white, or red-orange or even pink. On average, the weight of one peach is 100-150 g.

Types and varieties of plants:

• Nectarine.
• Fig peach.
• Potanin's peach.
• Peach of David.
• Gasuan peach.
• Peach of the world.
• Peach in memory of Rodionov.
• Solar.
• Donetsk yellow.
• Bohun.
• Glo Haven.
• Common peach.
• Peach Harmony.
• Suncrest.
• Krasnodarets.
• Greensboro.
• Juicy.
• Redhaven.
• Peach White Swan.
• Collins.
• Cardinal.
• Favorite.
• Peach Gloria.
• Peach Bai.

Harm and contraindications

Peaches are not recommended for people who suffer from the following diseases:

• an allergic reaction to the fetus;
• diabetes mellitus (possible in small quantities);
• obesity;
• ulcer and gastritis with high acidity;
• diarrhea or a condition of the body when the consumption of fresh fruit is prohibited.

How to store peaches

If you leave fruits at room temperature, within 22-25 ° C, they will last no more than 2-3 days, and then they will start to deteriorate. Ripe fruits can be kept in the refrigerator for 5-7 days without loss of taste. It is not recommended to withstand more than this period. For long-term storage, fruits are frozen.

They are cut into pieces, or halved and pitted, then put into containers, plastic bags and sent to the freezer. Do not dry freeze peaches. You can store fruits in syrup (1 kg of peaches, 1 l of water, 6 tablets of ascorbic acid).The fruits are stored in a syrup that prevents them from darkening.

Pruning a mature tree

After the fourth year of life, the formation of the peach crown is completed. From the fifth year of life, rejuvenating and sanitary pruning is carried out, which contribute to:

• maintaining the given shape of the tree;
• removing weak branches;
• cutting out new shoots up to 10 cm long, growing on the upper side of the skeletal branches;
• cutting out root growth;
• stimulating new growth.

The fruit-bearing branches are renewed annually by pruning.

... AND ITS DISADVANTAGES

The "Achilles heel" of peach, as a culture with a geographically southern origin, is low winter hardiness (slightly lower than that of apricot and sweet cherry). Fruit buds die when the temperature drops to -25 ° C, and in severe winters, when the frosts drop to -30 ° C, last year's young growth freezes out, the forks of powerful skeletal branches are damaged, and even the trunk of a tree can freeze to the level of snow cover.

Another unpleasant feature of peach is its low immunity to leaf curl. It infects plants in spring and early summer. But this problem can be solved by timely processing the plantings with copper-containing preparations and systemic fungicides in turn.

Novice gardeners are trying to find the ideal one among a wide variety of peach varieties - one that never freezes or gets sick with anything. Unfortunately, this sort does not exist. All of them, to one degree or another, are subject to common cultural shortcomings.

FOR LONGEVITY - ANNUAL PEACH CUTTING

The peach needs strong pruning to normalize the yield. Due to the high self-fertility of the culture, a lot of fruit buds are laid on annual shoots. They grow crowded, 3-4 buds on one pad. In the center there is an elongated growth (vegetative) kidney, and from the sides it is surrounded by 2-3 rounded generative ones. If this "good" is left untouched for several years in a row, the death of the tree is inevitable. It will be completely depleted and will lose the ability to form new shoots, its fruits will become very small and tasteless, and the very first severe frosts will finish off the unfortunate plant.

The peach pruning technology is quite simple: on one shoot 6-8 buds are left for fruiting, and on the other only 2-3 buds are left to get young full-fledged shoots from them. The process is a bit like pruning a vine.

Young plants of varieties of American origin do not need to shorten one shoot at all - this is called "long" pruning. In this case, their harvest is normalized - they thin out the fruits so that they do not grow heap and can collect enough nutrients and sugars during the ripening period.

Probably, many gardeners have noticed that large fruits are sweeter and juicier than small ones. From trees 3-4 years old, you can get very large fruits weighing more than 200 g, and in plants from 5 to 8 years old, the average weight of fruits will be about 130 g. If the weight of fruits does not exceed 70-80 g, they lose their taste, characteristic of the variety.

Planting a pitted peach in the fall. Sowing options for peach pits

If you decide to play it safe and have prepared a lot of seeds, you can sow them directly in the open ground in the fall. Make sure the soil is loose and moist enough. In winter, the seeds of a peach or nectarine are naturally stratified, and by the beginning of the summer season they should have young sprouts. Be prepared for the fact that out of 10 seeds of sprouting, there may be only one or even none.

Landing rules

• Don't bury the bone deeply.
• Cover the planted area with dry conifers and other branches to protect the growth from damage.

In the autumn method of planting, the seeds are subjected to natural selection and hardening, after which they can more easily tolerate frosts.Therefore, the seed that sprouts as a result, with proper care, will necessarily turn into healthy and fertile trees.

Stratification at home

If you only managed to get a few peach pits, you need to take personal control of the stratification procedure.

1. Take recently picked fruits, remove seeds.
2. Rinse seeds well and remove fibers.
3. Place them in a small box of coarse, moistened sand.
4. Place the container in a cool, dark place and leave it there until spring.
5. When the process makes its way through the shell, transplant the seed into a pot, where the formation of roots will continue, if proper care is taken.

Pre-extraction of seeds

During natural seed stratification, it is rarely possible to achieve one hundred percent efficiency, so sometimes, in order to speed up the cultivation of a peach from a seed, it makes sense to help this process at home.

Open the bones by hand in the fall. Dip them in a container of water for several days (the water should be changed every day). Once the seeds are swollen, start sowing.

1. Prepare a separate pot with a drainage hole for each seed.
2. Pour earth mixed in equal proportions with coarse sand there.
3. Place the seed.
4. Cover with clear wrap for a greenhouse effect.
5. Place the seedlings in the most luminous area.

Seedlings need constant care. Water and ventilate greenhouses, make sure that condensation does not accumulate in them. Plant the grown peaches outdoors in the spring.

As a child, I calmly ate "glue" from cherry and apricot trees with friends, but now, when my children are doing the same, questions arose: is it useful? First, what we call glue is actually the resin that trees use to heal their wounds. If there are a lot of such resin outgrowths on a branch, then it will soon disappear, the tree is sick. Scientifically, this resin is called gum. Simply put, gum consists of tannins, all organics (like glucose and essential oils), dead wood parts. In central Russia there are no trees whose resin would be poisonous or cause any damage to the body. For general development, take a look at the encyclopedia. From Wikipedia: Gum is a jelly-like hardening substance secreted on the bark of stone fruit trees, a congealed sticky sap used in industry and medicine. Cameroon, gummi (from the Greek κομμίδιον, κόμμι) is a high molecular weight carbohydrate that is the main component of exudates (phloem juice, effusions) secreted by plants during mechanical damage to the bark or diseases. Types of gum. Gums are water-soluble or water-swelling polymers of monosaccharides - glucose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, glucuronic acids. To gum also include polysaccharides of microorganisms, in particular, accumulated in the culture liquid, derivatives obtained by modification of polysaccharides of natural origin (for example, cellulose, starch). The most famous varieties: gum arabic agar-agar, dextrans, alginic acids, guarana, xanthan, locust bean gum, tragacanth. Application. Gums are used in food, paper and other industries as adhesives, stabilizers for emulsions and suspensions, as high viscosity solutions. As viscosity regulators and texture modifiers, foods are usually classified into thickeners and gelling agents, but there is no clear boundary between them and some gums are used in both ways. In medicine, gums are used as mucus, which reduce irritation caused by certain medicinal substances and reduce absorption, as well as for the preparation of pills and emulsions.From the Great Medical Encyclopedia: Cherry glue - Cerasin, a gum released from the trunks of fruit trees and solidified into a yellowish translucent mass, dissolves in water, forming a thick syrup. In microscopic technique, V. to. Is used in the observation of very mobile, free-living protozoa, especially ciliates, in order to slow down their movements, for which a drop of V.'s solution is added to a drop of the studied liquid.In horticulture, it is customary to call this viscous liquid gum. And its isolation is by gum flow (or, in other words, gommosis). USE Fresh gum is collected by bees, it is then included in propolis. It is very useful for a person to use glue from fruit trees, because: This is the prevention of gastritis, ulcers. The gum normalizes the acidity of the stomach, cleanses the intestines. The liver and pancreas are well strengthened. Vessels are strengthened. The resin of coniferous trees is very useful for sore throat, it must be chewed. The most useful in the glue is resin acids, they contain many components, but the most valuable are triterpenic acids and polyprenols. It is worth dwelling on polyprenols separately. The source of polyprenols in nature is mainly the needles of coniferous trees (pine, spruce, fir, ginkgo). Polyprenols are biologically active substances that can be a panacea for cancer and AIDS patients. In recent years, the study of polyprenols has received great attention in connection with the discovery of the Supercritical Fluid Extraction or CO2-extraction method. Polyprenols, as food fortifiers, normalize the amount of dolichols in the body, increase resistance and promote treatment in the following cases: • diseases of the pancreas (chronic pancreatitis) • peptic ulcer disease • gout • diabetes • encephalitis • multiple sclerosis • cancer • weakening of the immune system • stroke • hypertension • optic nerve atrophy • allergic diseases • male infertility • chronic alcoholism Polyprenols are already used on animals in the form of phosphate disodium salt ("Fosprenil") Conclusion: Medicines that are obtained from waste (branches of conifers, birch, poplar) DO NOT HAVE a PRICE for the health of a person. Glue from fruit trees, though less, is also useful and can and should be eaten!
How long does a peach bear fruit

PEACH IN OPEN AND PROTECTED GROUND

In the southern regions it is quite easy to cultivate peaches, in the central regions it is already risky. And the further north you go, the more gardeners run the risk of losing the trees of this rather delicate culture. Once every 10-12 years, peaches in the northern regions die, unable to withstand the changes in winter temperatures.

To protect trees, you need to choose the southern areas, covered on one side with a fence, a wall of a house or an outbuilding.

For the winter, you need to cover the plants from frost, insulate the bole and branches with a light dense cloth, and, if necessary, hide each tree entirely under the hood. It is quite difficult.

It is easier to build a mini-plaque on a personal plot, and farmers - to build a more solid film structure, designed for several years of operation. Protected peaches are grown on an industrial scale. But it should be borne in mind that the construction and maintenance of greenhouses is an expensive pleasure, it should pay off. True, in a shelter, peaches bear fruit better and even ripen earlier, therefore, the harvest can be sold at a high price and receive additional profit.

Benefit

Peaches are a very useful product, as they contain iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, zinc, manganese, fluorine, selenium, phosphorus. Also, the use of this fruit can help in brain function, improve memory and improve concentration. These fruits bring invaluable benefits to children, the elderly and pregnant women.

Peaches help to maintain the skin, giving it softness, elasticity, and also smoothes wrinkles.This fruit contains vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C. Peaches are recommended for those who suffer from stomach ailments. Also, this fruit has a diuretic effect, removing sand from the kidneys.

Peach propagation

There are two main ways to breed a peach:

• seminal;
• vegetative.

The first one is very convenient and widespread, requiring little effort and no practical skills. However, it has a drawback: the properties of the parent variety may not be transferred to the grown tree. But such a seedling will be more resistant to climatic conditions and pathogens.

The vegetative method of propagation of a peach involves grafting with a cuttings. What to plant a peach on in the suburbs? In this case, healthy seedlings of self-fertile apricots, winter-hardy varieties of plums can serve as stock. Cuttings are harvested in the first decade of June. The method is based on the ability of plants to regenerate.