Technology of planting and propagation of wild (ornamental) grapes

Wild grapes - parthenocissus - are very easy to grow, the result of the procedure is almost 100% even without the use of rooters, growth stimulants. Predominantly wild grapes are planted immediately in a permanent place during reproduction, which is due to the peculiarity of the grapes. The culture is completely undemanding neither to the choice of a place for planting, nor to lighting, nor to soil, nor to climatic conditions. It is a frost-hardy and hardy vine. A bush growing on the north side will have smaller leaves than on the sun, and a different color. In an area with good lighting, the color of the foliage will be more saturated than in more shaded. There are several ways to breed wild grapes:

• grafting,
• rooting cuttings,
• use of layering,
• planting root shoots,
• breeding by seeds.

Most often, grapes are propagated by cuttings, but it is possible to breed a culture with layering and root shoots.

Recommendations for care and reproduction

There are several methods of breeding girlish grapes:

• green layering;
• cuttings;
• seeds;
• root suckers.

Maiden grapes begin to grow actively in early summer. It is optimal to propagate it in spring, summer and autumn.

It is recommended to prepare compost dug soil: leaf soil, compost and sand (2: 2: 1). At the bottom, drainage is made from pebbles or crushed bricks. 7 days before planting the seedling, the soil is loosened.

The liana is not whimsical to the side of the world: in the illuminated southern areas, the color of the foliage will be red, and in the darkened areas - green.

No additional care is required. It grows on its own, adapting to weather conditions. Liana requires pruning if it falls under its own weight or its growth does not suit the owner.

Install the vertical support so that it curls over it.

Correct care

Variegated girlish grapes are undemanding to care for. Moreover, this culture grows and develops well in its natural environment. However, if you want to grow a really beautiful decorative culture, then you should regularly perform the simplest activities, namely:

• outdoor care for this crop provides for watering it 4 times during the entire vegetative period;
• do not forget to mulch the trunk circle;
• loosen the ground and remove weeds;
• prune the plant and remove all defective and broken shoots;
• caring for wild grapes in autumn involves getting rid of dry foliage and dry plant fragments;
• preparation for the winter of such a culture is needed only in the first two years. To do this, you need to cover the branches for the winter, after cutting them.

Well, here we are with you considered how to care for wild grapes. It remains to add, despite the fact that this culture is unpretentious in care, you should not ignore the simplest manipulations of caring for the variety, otherwise you risk getting shapeless green thickets.

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Propagation by air layers

The method of propagation by layering is simple. Cut the aerial root from the bush with sharp scissors or pruning shears. It looks like a sinusoid, so one part is buried in the ground to a depth of 5 cm, the other is left above ground level.

Reproduction of girlish grapes in the garden by layering is quick and easy.

There is also a second way:

1. A short whip of lianas is placed in a pre-moistened hole to a depth, leaving 15 cm above the ground.
2. Gently sprinkle with earth and establish a vertical along which the vine will trail.
3. Layers should be planted in warm ground - in late spring, summer or early autumn.

If the cuttings are not rooted, try again by fertilizing the soil a little and cutting a larger aerial root.

Tips from experienced gardeners

Gardeners who have been cultivating the presented plant for a long time have formed a number of tips:

1. The metal, stone, brick surface is the best support for wild grapes. It is not recommended to use a support made of wood, since after 3 years the plant becomes quite heavy and covers the entire wooden surface. In this case, it can be in a damp state for a long time, which will lead to rotting and broken support.
2. If a seedling was planted in the autumn, then it must be covered for the winter season so that it can successfully endure severe frosts.
3. Plants germinated in separate pots should preferably be buried 15 cm deeper than those grown in the same pot.

Propagation by cuttings

The plant lends itself well to propagation by cuttings

Cuttings are less whimsical to weather conditions. Kidney preparation technology differs depending on the season. To begin with, a branch with dormant buds is cut from the vines. It is cut into sections, on which there should be 2-4 knots. In the summer, branches with stiff shoots are cut off.

Further options for action:

1. Root directly into the ground. In this case, the sprouts need care: weeding, watering until they take root and get stronger.
2. Root in water. This type is suitable if it is not possible to immediately plant the material. The shoot will stand in the water, take root, but they will not be viable in the ground. This time is a buffer zone that will keep the cutting alive.
3. Drop into containers. This method is suitable for material harvested in early spring or that will be planted next year. The cuttings are planted in pots with oxidized peat soil and looked after like seedlings.

It is allowed to store the pots outside, leaving them to winter under a film or leaves. It is recommended to plant in open ground from April to early autumn.

Rooting method for cuttings

This method is used if it is impossible to land the blanks immediately on a permanent place. For rooting, the cut stalk is placed in a jar of water. The roots will appear quickly. But when landing in the main place, they still die off and new ones are formed in their place. It is better not to use the beds for rooting, since after a year the roots of young seedlings will be so intertwined that it will be almost impossible to separate them. Planting material can be planted in plastic or ceramic pots with a height of at least 20 cm and 15-20 cm in diameter. After a year, the seedlings are planted in a permanent place. The practice of growing grapes in pots for vertical gardening of balconies. In this case, in the fall, the vine is thoroughly cut off, leaving several buds, and placed in a cold room for the winter.

Propagation using seeds

Propagating girlish grapes in the garden is easy with seeds. They are bought or obtained from the fruits of an ornamental plant (not edible). Pre-soak in water or treat with growth hormones. Some gardeners harden the planting material, but this is not necessary for an ornamental plant.

In spring or early autumn, seeds are dropped into loose soil to a depth of 1 cm. They are looked after by regularly watering and weeding the beds from weeds. Otherwise, the shoots can be killed by weeds.

Seed shoots take a long time to root in the ground, shoots grow slowly, so seed propagation is not as popular as other methods.

How to transplant a culture

A procedure such as transplanting a girl's grape is quite simple. And they resort to it when it becomes necessary to transplant a given culture. In this case, the actions are similar to planting, the only thing to transplant the plant is in the spring, even before the time when the plant starts active sap flow.

So how to plant wild grapes:

• first you need to prune the girl's grapes
• further, it is advisable to fertilize and water the land where it is planned to plant the crop;
• then the planting process is carried out.

Important! If you needed to transplant decorative grapes, you can perform this manipulation only if the plant is not yet three years old. If the culture is older, it cannot be transplanted.

If you decide to transplant the grapes to another place, then keep in mind that after this procedure, the culture needs daily watering. Only in this way will she be able to take root as quickly as possible in a new place and intensively grow.

In general, as we can see, planting and caring for maiden grapes is a set of simple manipulations with which you can grow a beautiful culture that pleases the eye.

Breeding methods for girlish grapes

There are enough of them, you can choose the most convenient option. If multiply layering, then the number of plants increases well, root processes appear, which serve as the beginning of other plants.

The method of growing maiden grapes requires patience seeds, since it consists of certain actions.

The third type of reproduction is use of suckers... They can be easily removed from the soil and transplanted to another place.

The fourth way is not difficult - grafting... The spring or fall season is best suited for it. And the material for planting can always be obtained, and this does not require financial costs.

All that will be necessary is to water the cuttings in a timely manner and protect them from sunlight during the day.

Short description

Second name for wild grapes - girlish, since pollination is not required to obtain fruits. In the autumn season, most varieties of leaves turn into burgundy or red colors with various shades.

The advantages include the absence of diseases and resistance to severe frosts.

For planting, grapes do not require special soil and space; they grow well both in the sun and in the shade. But in order for a lush and chic bush to grow, it is important to follow the tips for proper reproduction and high-quality care.

Rules for preparing cuttings

Having decided to plant cuttings in the fall, they should be prepared from spring or summerusing twigs with clearly visible leaves. You can prepare planting material from monochromatic shoots - they will be the healthiest.

Thick cuttings are not suitable for planting. Having cut off a suitable twig, it should be cleaned of the mustache and stepson's processes. Slices are made a couple of centimeters below the sheet.

The optimal cutting length is from twenty to thirty centimeters, it must have at least four formed buds.

What is the taste

In my life, I never dared to try a single berry, despite my scientific and testing mindset. After analyzing the information found on the Internet, I confirmed the correctness of my decision. All those who took the risk unanimously repeat that it is impossible to eat them, even if they really want to.

Some compare them with emetic powder, others with the burning sensation of the hottest pepper. Plus to this is added astringency, almost no pulp, the presence of seeds and a tough skin.

Soil preparation

The plant does not have special requirements for the soil composition, it grows almost everywhere. Only from the western direction, foliage of small size is noted, retaining its shade until the first frost. But if you decide to plant a girlish grape, try to make a place for it. southbound.

The soil is prepared in advance - it must have time to compact and absorb a sufficient amount of moisture. The earth must be dug to the depth fifty - seventy centimetersmixing the layers of soil with each other. After that, holes are prepared for landing.

If the place is heavy (black earth or clay), the bottom is covered with gravel, broken brick, phosphorus and river sand are added to the soil. For a sandy loam area, drainage is not arranged, but mineral components enriched with nitrogen will be required.

The best grapes will grow on a sandy area, which perfectly permeates air and water. But organic matter must be added to such soil:

• peat;
• compost;
• humus.

Girlish grapes grow best on sandy soil.

Preparatory work

This plant can be planted not only in sunny areas, but also in shady places. When choosing a place, it is necessary to take into account that in the fall, when the color of the leaves changes, plants planted in sunny areas have a more intense and saturated color.
Astrantia major: growing a flower

The landing site can be the north side of the fence or any other structure. Then the plant will change color during frost during the period of leaf fall. It is possible to grow vines with large leaves and spend less time on reproduction by planting plants on the eastern and southern sides of the site.

You can sow seeds in the fall. In the spring, it is better to plan the transplantation of young seedlings. The quality of the soil does not play a significant role. But for a lush liana with large leaves, it is better prepare a special soil mixture based on the following components:

1. Garden land - 2 parts.
2. Compost - 2 parts.
3. Sand - 1 part.

All ingredients must be mixed until smooth. The resulting composition should be decomposed into holes specially prepared for planting cuttings.

Planting and rooting

The size of the planting pit should be 50 by 50 centimeters... The depth can be the same, but here the size of the root system must be taken into account. The stalk is dug in and watered with four buckets of water so that the plant takes over faster.

Plant support not required... The grapes thrive on the hedge. With the help of tendrils, vines can climb even on a smooth surface.

But here it must be remembered that a sufficiently mature plant from its own weight is capable of falling to the ground. And if you do not want to lose a picturesque carpet of greenery, then you should consider the option of installing supporting elements.

Pre-prepared material should root... To do this, you can use one of the following methods:

• in water... The roots will give a stalk easily, but in the ground they will still die off and be replaced by permanent ones. This option is good if there is still time before planting in the place reserved for cuttings;
• in the ground... This refers to the planting of cuttings in the place intended for them. It is desirable that it has a separation from the rest of the site by a path or curb, so that it is possible to water the place abundantly. At first, growth will be slow, then it will increase when the roots go deep into the soil by fifty centimeters;
• in containers... The most practical option. The container must have a diameter equal to fifteen centimeters.

Rooted cuttings of wild grapes

Root offspring in the grape propagation system

Wild grapes, like cherries or plums, produce root growth. You can separate a ready-made seedling and plant it in a prepared hole.Its value will depend on the branching of the root system and the size of the entire seedling. Drainage should be added to the depression, for example, crushed stone, humus, peat, sand. When planting a sprout, make sure that the root collar does not go deep, it should be at the level of the soil. Maintain the distance between seedlings 150 cm.

Pros and cons of propagating girlish grapes by cuttings

The advantages of this breeding method include the following:

• easy preparation of planting material with your own hands;
• the possibility of purchasing it;
• fast rooting seedlings;
• active growth green mass;
• planting cuttings can be done at any time, before the onset of late autumn.

As a disadvantage, one can point out the need for a shelter for cuttings in hot weather, and regular watering.

Types and varieties

There are two main varieties of wild grapes: five-leafed and tri-pointed. You can distinguish them by the shape of the sheet, which becomes clear from the name.

The first one came to us from North America. This unpretentious species is capable of producing long shoots (up to 30 m), capable of climbing up a steep surface. Leaves are palmate, pointed at the tips. They differ from tri-pointed ones in a darker shade. Fruits of five-leaf grapes are small, black. Unsuitable for food!

The following varieties are widespread:

• Star Shovers, aka Variegated, known for its marbled design on the leaves;
• Don Juan, striking the imagination with purple leaves in autumn;
• Hairy, slightly pubescent;
• Wall, loach, easily attaches to vertical surfaces.

Five-leaf grapes are grown on balconies, used as home decorations, or used as hedges.

The tri-pointed type of creeping grapes came to us from the territories of Japan and China. In natural conditions, it grows among the rocks, strongly entwining them. It is sensitive to cold weather. In areas with frosty winters, from the Moscow region to the Urals, you will have to take care of a winter shelter.

It is interesting! A decoction from the branches of wild triangular grapes is used in folk medicine as a hemostatic agent.

The lianas of the plant are long, up to 40 m. Supplied with tenacious tendrils with suction cups. Densely leafy. Does not need additional supports. The leaves are deep green, red in autumn.

Fruits are inedible, dark, covered with a bluish bloom.

The most common varieties include Green Spring, which has large leaves, and the small-leaved variety Veech.

Tri-pointed grapes are also good as an ampelous plant, the formation of hedges, decoration of balconies.

The use of creeping decorative grapes for landscaping and improving the site is carried out in several ways.

• Formation of hedges. Able to climb almost any surface, ornamental grapes quickly twine around wooden fences or netting, so that in summer they are not visible under the deciduous carpet. You can use decorative girlish grapes for zoning the site. It should be remembered that strong vines can damage too old and dilapidated fences.

Formation of hedges

• Vertical gardening. For ennobling various structures, buildings, arches, gazebos or sheds, wild grapes are one of the best options. Its tenacious tendrils attach securely to vertical surfaces, and its intense growth helps to cover a large area.

Vertical gardening.

• Decoration of balconies and loggias. Greenery enlivens the balcony partitions and adds a pleasant cool shade. The grapes take root well in containers, growing and delighting with fresh foliage until autumn.

Attention! To prevent the lashes from damaging the plastered walls, it is advisable to lay a mesh in the form of an additional support.

Plant propagation is carried out by cuttings or layering. However, it is possible to grow Ladies' grapes from seeds. But this is a complex process that requires special skills.

The optimal time for disembarkation occurs in April-May, but planting before winter, in September-October, is also quite effective.

Planting of seedlings obtained by the cuttings method is carried out as follows:

1. A hole is being prepared, measuring 60 × 60 cm.The distance between adjacent holes should not be less than 30 cm.
2. Drainage is laid (crushed stone, pebbles, sand) with a layer of 20 cm.
3. Peat or humus is added to the hole. This is not a necessary step, the grapes take root well in ordinary garden soil.
4. The shoot is pruned, leaving 4 buds.
5. The resulting stalk is placed in a hole and sprinkled with earth, burying 2 lower buds into the soil.
6. Plantings are watered and covered to protect from the sun.
7. After rooting, the protection is removed.

You can root a long vine from an adult plant. For this, a 2-meter shoot is cut off, buried 2 cm in the soil and watered abundantly. Soon, roots will appear on the nodules. After that, it can be divided into short cuttings and planted according to the above scheme.

Best time to breed

And if the temperature regime turns out to be favorable, then the seedling will begin to develop early. And you don't have to look for a place to store the cuttings, which is also important. The best time to plant is September October.

The best time for planting seedlings in the ground is September-October

The "green hedge" will serve you for more than a dozen years, forming enough foliage to cover large areas. One vine grows in length up to four meters per year. This means that the formation of bushes should be dealt with immediately, so as not to start the plant.

For grapes, a minimal support is enough to begin to capture the space around it. You will only have to make adjustments by timely pruning the bushes.

What happens if a child eats the fruit of a maiden grape

It is enough for an adult to eat an incomplete handful of fruits to get severe poisoning. A pinch will be enough for the child. After eating the berries of the girl's grape, symptoms such as nausea with vomiting, dizziness, blurred consciousness, convulsions and an allergic reaction appear. In children, among other things, the temperature rises.

Summing up, I can say that from one berry, which you hardly even want to swallow, you will not get severe poisoning. But the children should be monitored carefully in order to avoid serious consequences.

Features of growing maiden grapes

Maiden grapes (Latin name Parthenocissus) really belongs to the grape family, although they look more like ivy. The native land of the plant is North America, although some species (more than a dozen are known) grow in China and Japan.

When deciding to plant a parthenocissus on a site, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the plant, namely:

1. Wild grapes multiply quickly and easily "conquer" vast territories... Therefore, it is necessary to plant the plant in such a way that the territory intended for the liana is limited by reliable obstacles (for example, a curb, a house wall or other capital structure) and is away from the beds and flower beds, especially if light-loving crops are grown on them.
2. For the same reason (rapid growth) parthenocissus requires constant trimming and digging, otherwise, its root shoots and overground whips will soon stretch across the entire site.
3. For the development and beautiful appearance of the vine needs vertical support, therefore, the best use for a plant is considered to be the creation of a natural hedge from it, densely covered with decorative leaves - bright green in summer and blood red in autumn.However, it should be borne in mind that the lush thickets of vines over time acquire a rather tangible weight, so trying to hide unstable and dilapidated structures with it is an unsuccessful idea: an unreliable support may not withstand the load.

   

• Maiden grapes are an unpretentious plant: It can be grown in poor and depleted soil with a high salt content. The liana does not need abundant watering and feeding, it is undemanding to sunlight. The only subtlety that needs to be taken into account is that in too shaded areas the parthenocissus remains green longer in the autumn and, in addition, in such conditions, the vine sometimes does not bear fruit.
• The plant has high frost resistance, therefore, it does not need shelter for the winter. In the case of freezing of individual shoots from the replacement buds, new lashes are quickly formed, to preserve the decorative effect of the bush, it is only necessary to cut off the dead wood to healthy tissue. In addition, for cultivation in northern regions such as the Urals and Siberia, it is better to use special varieties adapted to lower winter temperatures, since removing the hedge from the wall is a thankless task.

Main varieties

Lack of special plant care attracts many gardeners. When planting, it is important to choose the right place, and then the plant will be able to develop independently. This plant is used for decorating houses in personal plots or arranging hedges, arches, gazebos.

This plant is a member of the Grape family and includes about 12 species that grow in Asian countries and North America. All varieties have slight differences, but they are often used in the design of the landscape of the site. Some varieties have gained great popularity and demand:

1. Five-leafed maiden grape (Virginian grapes). Its vines are capable of growing up to 2.5 m in one year. Such vines can cover the wall of a building up to 15 meters in height. The leaves resemble a complex finger-like shape and can be up to 10 cm in length. The pointed tip is located on top of the leaf. In autumn, the leaves turn bright red.
2. Tri-pointed grapes. Another name for this species is ivy. In appearance, it strongly resembles this plant. The leaves of this variety have a three-lobed shape. Shoots can reach a length of 15-20 meters. This species tolerates subzero temperatures remarkably. At the onset of the first frost, it changes the color of the foliage to purple-red and even orange.
3. The grapes are golden. The leaves of this variety have yellow spots in color. The purple variety has burgundy hues.
4. The Vicha variety has noticeable decorative properties. The foliage is small and shiny. During the period of the first frost, the leaves turn orange.

These are the most popular wild grape varieties. To obtain the desired decorative decoration, it is required to properly prepare the available material for planting.

How to propagate girlish grapes?

There are several ways to breed girlish grapes on a plot or balcony. It is easier to do this vegetatively, using cuttings, root layers or side shoots. A longer, although also practiced option is sowing the seeds of the plant.

Let's take a closer look at each of the methods mentioned.

Cuttings

Cutting is a common and easy way to make a hedge from a girl's grape. In terms of speed and reliability, it is inferior to plant propagation by lateral and root layers, however, to use these two methods, it is necessary that there is already a ready-made mother plant on the site, the vitality of which can be used to root the layers.

It is easier to get cuttings when pruning vines, since at this moment a lot of extra lashes are removed from the plant.

For rooting, it is recommended to use not young, but already stiff fragments - their viability is higher.

For rooting, a lash freshly cut from the mother bush must be examined and one or more sections at least 5 mm thick with 4–5 internodes must be selected on it. The cut should be made, stepping back 3 cm from the lower kidney.

Finished cuttings can be placed in water until roots are set, although many gardeners omit this stage and plant shoots in the ground immediately after pruning.

Experienced gardeners recommend cutting parthenocissus in the fall, since during this period young shoots take root better. The second possible option is early autumn, before the beginning of the period of active sap flow (in the latter case, the young shoot receives less trauma during its separation from the mother bush and, accordingly, is not so much at risk of infection).

If you want to root cuttings in the summer, it is necessary to use thicker plant fragments as planting material, which already have their own lateral layers. Such cuttings are called hammer-shaped. The advantage of this method is that a fast growing and branched bush is immediately obtained from the rooted cuttings.

Video: Propagation of girlish grapes by cuttings

Root layers

Propagation of wild grapes by root cuttings is even easier than propagation by cuttings. This method is used in the case when, due to untimely pruning or lack of suitable support, individual stems of the vines were able to creep along the ground. Such shoots do not attach to the soil with the help of tendrils, which the plant uses to hold onto a support, but with real roots that are released from internodes.

Side shoots

In order to propagate girl's ivy with lateral shoots, it is necessary to artificially create a situation with the formation of root layers. At the same time, if there is such an opportunity, you should initially lay out the lash in such a way that rooting takes place in those places where it is planned to plant new plants (for example, stretch a long shoot along a hedge or a wall that you want to tighten with a vine).

If you stretch the vine in such a way that it takes root in the right place, there is no possibility, the lateral shoots can be safely separated from the mother bush and replanted next year.

Seeds

The seed method of propagation of wild grapes is rarely used, since it has many disadvantages compared to vegetative methods.

In particular, sowing seeds:

Seed propagation of girl's ivy technologically looks like this:

1. Fully ripe fruits are removed from the bush.
2. The berry is opened and seeds are extracted from it.
3. Planting seeds is possible in two ways: immediately after collection or next spring. In the first case, germination takes a little longer, usually the first shoots appear only in June. To speed up the process, spring sowing with preliminary stratification is used (this term refers to the imitation of wintering seeds in the soil, carried out in a special way): about two weeks before the expected sowing date, the seeds are soaked for several hours in cool water, wrapped in several layers of wet gauze wrapped in polyethylene, and placed in the vegetable section of the refrigerator. Instead of gauze, you can use well-moistened sand or peat.
4. Seeds are sown both in open ground and in containers for seedlings.Depending on the method chosen, the spring planting period can range from February to April.
5. The seeds are buried in the ground to a depth of 10 mm.
6. At the germination stage, make sure that the soil does not dry out, and also protect young shoots from direct sunlight.

   

In the case of stratification, seedlings appear 3-4 weeks after planting.

Description of the variety

The ornamental grape is a fast growing perennial plant. It is worth noting that the vines of this culture are able to cling to almost any surface and reach up, and its antennae help the plant to gain a foothold on the vertical plane.

Important! Maiden grapes practically do not require maintenance and are able to braid large areas literally in a short period.

Maiden grapes are characterized by the following characteristics:

• the plant has luxurious foliage;
• if the material is planted in the spring, then the culture will delight with a dark saturated green color throughout the summer;
• if maiden grapes are planted in the fall, the foliage will acquire purple tones;
• during the flowering period, fragrant inflorescences are formed on the culture, attracting insects;
• the fruits of the plant ripen by September, but they are not edible, but are only decorative;
• this variety has a strong immunity to fungi;
• ornamental variety is resistant to attacks of pests;
• the plant is highly resistant to frost, does not require covering.

As described above, caring for a girl's grape is not difficult. Moreover, this variety has a high survival rate and durability.

Benefits

Maiden triangular grapes can be most often found in summer cottages, due to the fact that this decorative culture has a lot of advantages, namely:

• vines are able to disguise the most unsightly areas in the country;
• this variety is well suited as a decorative wall covering;
• using this culture, you can create a wide variety of forms of hedges;
• the decorative variety most often serves to form living fences;
• girlish grapes on the balcony will protect such a structure from gusty winds and sedimentary phenomena;
• using this plant, you can create a cozy shade in the gazebos;
• this culture is able to protect the room from dust, fungus and improve the microclimate.

It is able to protect the building from strong heat in hot weather. In general, such a culture will delight the eye and help create a small island of freshness in the hottest weather. That is why wild grapes on the balcony are quite common.

Disadvantages of culture

But not only this culture has a lot of advantages. Despite the fact that this variety does not require maintenance and grows well on terraces and balconies, before planting it, it is still worth knowing about certain negative points so that you do not have to get rid of decorative grapes.

So, the disadvantages of culture:

• sprouts are able to penetrate under the roofing material and thereby render it unusable;
• often this culture leads to the destruction of the plaster on the building;
• the root system of grapes can damage the foundation of the structure;
• uncontrolled crop growth can create shadows on windows and clog gutters.

In addition to the above points, it is important for novice gardeners to consider that after the leaves fall, the facade of the building can look very dull. However, if you take into account that most of the time of the year ivy still pleases the owners with its beauty, then the last drawback pays off.

It is worth noting that often novice summer residents wonder how to properly plant wild grapes on a fence, given that its root system can destroy the foundation.

If the fence is located a meter from the building, then it is possible to plant wild grapes along the fence, but it is necessary to maintain a distance of 40 cm from the building wall.

Follow-up care of grapes

Caring for young vines is simple.

All that is needed for this:

• regular watering (as the topsoil dries up);
• protection from bright light;
• garter (an adult plant easily finds support and attaches to it, but young shoots need to be helped and guided correctly);
• top dressing (twice a season, organic and complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers such as nitroammofoska can be added to the soil, this will accelerate the growth of vines);
• pruning (in addition to sanitary purposes, this procedure also stimulates the branching of the bush and more active development).

When forming a bush, you must follow these rules:

1. It is important at the initial stages to correctly build the "skeleton" of the plant, directing new shoots with the help of special supports along the desired trajectory.
2. "Naughty" branches that stubbornly unfold in an undesirable direction should be removed immediately. There will be no harm to the bush, on the contrary, its growth will accelerate.
3. In the future, the care of the vine should only consist of sanitary pruning of dead and damaged shoots in the spring and the summer removal of excess lashes that violate the decorative effect of the hedge. Also, in order to avoid uncontrolled growth, it is necessary to prevent the appearance of shoots creeping on the ground and numerous basal shoots, which, among other things, are formed as a result of the germination of last year's seeds.

Pruning grapes

2 years after planting, shoots may begin to appear in the foliage axils. The density and splendor of the bush directly depends on their appearance. You can increase the number of shoots by cutting off the vine in the spring. If most of the shoot is removed, the viability of the loaches will not deteriorate, they will simply begin to grow in a different direction and eventually reach the same size.

If you want to have a landscaped loggia, grape lashes should be put on the wall of the house and the stepsons should be cut until the grapes grow to the desired level. Then, directly from the territory of the loggia, you can remove shoots for the growth of green mass.

In the spring, you should do the cleaning of dried twigs and shortening long shoots. It is recommended to carry out formative pruning in the summer, and in the autumn to tie up the regrown ends of the shoots again so that the wind cannot rip them off.

Planting methods

They plant a culture in several ways, each gardener chooses the most applicable option for himself:

Cuttings

The method for reproduction is the most successful, cuttings take root quickly, after winter they begin to actively develop. Seedlings for planting can be taken from neighbors or cut independently to plant in the soil, it is prepared:

• for this, in the summer, a stiff long process is chosen, divided into several parts about 30 cm long, with 4 mature buds;
• they are placed in a bowl of water until the roots appear;
• water should cover 2 buds, a root system will form on them, and the bush itself will develop from the upper buds;
• when the roots appear, the shoots can be planted in the ground;
• after planting, the cuttings are moistened with high quality and covered with a light material so that the sun's rays do not dry it out;
• it is necessary to constantly moisten the soil.

In the spring, the rooted seedling will grow rapidly.

Cuttings with roots can already be planted in the ground

Shoots

The method is quite productive, almost 100% leads to a positive result. Its convenience is that it allows you to carry out the process when the owner does not have the opportunity to be in the garden every day:

• make a depression in the ground no more than 5 cm, water it well;
• choose two or three-year-old branches on the bush, bend them to the ground and fix them in this position with strong wire;
• the place where the liana comes into contact with the soil is covered with earth;
• you need to ensure that the soil remains moist constantly;
• soon roots will appear in this place;
• in the fall, a branch is cut off from the main bush, divided into cuttings, each is carefully dug up and transplanted to a permanent place.

There is another equally successful layering option. For this, a long process is cut off, somewhere from one and a half meters, you can take a three-meter liana, they also make a depression, fill it with water.

The branch is planted in the ground in a wave-like manner, like a sinusoid: the parts where the buds are located are deepened into the ground and pinched with a hairpin, the remaining segments remain above the surface. In this case, branched young shoots appear. Layers are divided into cuttings and planted.

Cuttings with roots are cut off from the main branch, and planted in new places

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Seeds

Growing maiden grapes from seeds is not a popular breeding method, this process is laborious, seed germination takes a long period. But you should not completely exclude it, it has the right to exist, it is irreplaceable when it is impossible to get a shoot of the desired variety.

Seeds are harvested at the end of summer, choosing them from ripe berries, they retain their germination capacity for no more than a year. Seeds germinate for a very long time, at least a month; for spring planting, they must be stratified. In the fall, they are simply laid in prepared soil, in holes 1 cm deep. Seedlings will appear next spring, over the summer they will get stronger and turn into a small bush.

When planting maiden grapes in a permanent place, the distance should be kept at least 100 cm.

Planting maiden grapes with seeds is a long and troublesome task.

Differences from other species

This type of grape differs from table and wine varieties in its decorative effect. Liana is used mainly for landscape design, both for private households and city parks. The culture gained its popularity due to the following advantageous qualities:

• decorative characteristics;
• high resistance to various diseases and insect attacks;
• unpretentious care;
• available breeding methods;
• intensive development of the lash;
• hypoallergenic shrub;
• phytoncidal properties of the plant.

Girlish grapes are not afraid of pollution and smoke

When using the crop as a hedge or for zoning space on the site is protected from gases and dust coming from street roads.

Nuances of care

Despite the unpretentiousness of the girl's grapes, you still need to care for it.

Just a few simple procedures will help support the development of shoots and protect them from possible diseases:

• In May-June, you can apply 50 g of mineral complex fertilizers under each bush. After a couple of months, the procedure is repeated.
• Wild grapes do not need regular watering. If the summer is dry, you can pour 2 buckets of water under each root. This should be done approximately once a month.
• At a plant stretching upwards, the roots are sometimes bare. In such cases, fresh soil is poured under the bush and hilling is performed.

The grapes of the Maiden's Tears variety feels great without pruning, but it is still worth carrying out in order to increase decorativeness.

You need to look after him

1. The first time the plant is pruned in early spring. At this time, dried, damaged shoots are removed, or those that block the view, stretch to the porch, crawl under the roof.
2. In the summer, you can carry out a second formative pruning by removing shoots that block the entrance to the gazebo or interfere with the growth of other plants on the site.
3. In September, the most overgrown shoots are cut off, dried ones are removed.

The tough vines of wild grapes are inedible by insects. Rodents also do not feed on them, however, they can wade through them into the dwelling. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to periodically lay out rodent baits at the roots of the plant.

The leaves of grapes of this variety are also not threatened: insect pests are indifferent to them.They are only attacked by aphids, which can be eliminated in various ways. The plant is treated with soapy water mixed with alcohol in a 3: 1 ratio or any effective insecticide used on fruit trees.

General information

Its shoots can spread to distances of up to 20 m.Therefore, it is worthwhile to carefully monitor that the violently growing shoots do not close the windows (creating darkness in the rooms), do not rise too high, climbing under the tiles or slate, thereby destroying them, and not allow vines to enter the gutter, clogging it.

To do this, it is worth cutting off excess shoots in time. It should also be borne in mind that grapes have very dense roots, so do not plant other crops near it, it will be difficult for them to break through these shoots. It should also be noted that after winter, while everything around begins to turn green, the "girlish" grapes are in no hurry to revive.

Maiden grapes bloom in summer (July), but very modestly. But the flowers are fragrant and attract bees and bumblebees.

In outskirts of Moscow

It is most reliable to protect grapes near Moscow from frost if it is planted correctly. A planting hole measuring 60 * 60 cm with a depth of at least 15 will allow the vine to be insulated according to all the rules. On a dry, sunny day, the sleeves are folded into a ring and placed on the bottom of the hole. Shoots are treated against possible diseases, they leave a pungent-smelling substance from mice - best of all, pieces of carbide. The top is covered with wooden shields or pieces of roofing material. It is useful to cover the resulting shelter in winter with additional snow.

Fruiting bushes keep more complex shelter in winter frosts. Cut grape sleeves are placed on dry boards, in extreme cases, on dry soil. Arcs from temporary greenhouses are installed above the bush. Coniferous spruce branches are laid on top of the arcs. You can use the branches left over from trimming the conifers growing on the site. Coniferous spruce branches can be covered with two layers of spunbond to secure the branches and keep warm.

Instead of arcs, you can put together a box from the boards at hand. It is installed on vines covered with conifers.

Tags: grapes, winter, usually, siberia, shelter

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Fertilizers for sprout

Select the fertilizers you will use in advance. The key to the rapid growth of healthy grapes is 14 substances. The plant receives hydrogen and other useful elements from earth and water. And magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, boron, sulfur, copper, manganese, iron, zinc and calcium - thanks to special feeding. It is important to provide plants with them, in case of a deficiency of these substances, wild grapes absorb all substances with similar properties from the soil. It is not difficult to guess that among them there may be destructive ones. The first feeding takes place after planting.

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How to choose a place for grapes

Wild grapes prefer shade, but are able to thrive in a lighted area. When planting grapes against a wall, remember that when it grows strongly, it can damage the coating. Its branches are much stronger than they seem. Wild grapes can also be used as a soil cover. But take into account that you will not get rid of it in the future. It is worth thinking carefully before choosing a place for planting a shrub.

The vine tends to grow rapidly in size. After choosing a place, build a strong support for the plant in advance: trellises, and in an open place it is advised to use a mesh fence. The vine will cling to him with a mustache. As a result, you will get a real hedge.

Preparing grapes for winter in the Middle lane

Many gardeners consider grapes to be a thermophilic, purely southern culture. Now, thanks to selection, frost-resistant varieties have been bred, which grow and bear fruit well in Siberia. But any, even the best variety, must be properly prepared for winter and covered.But how to prepare grapes for winter in Siberia? Simple enough with at least a little experience in gardening.

Taper for garter of wild grapes

The device reduces the time of the procedure and does not damage the shoots. Loosening is mandatory to saturate the roots with oxygen and weeding from weeds.

How to feed and how to water?

Under normal rainfall, the vine is watered 3-4 times per season. A 10-liter bucket of water is poured under the root of each bush. Simultaneously with watering, top dressing is carried out, a series of the Kemira mineral complex is suitable for this. For the first time in spring, Kemiru Kombi is used, where the microelements necessary for growth and development are balanced.

It is recommended to fertilize with liquid solutions (40 g of substance per 40 l of water). The second feeding is carried out during the formation of flower ovaries with the preparation "Kemira Lux" (20 g / 10 l). During fruiting, the plant needs potassium (20 g of potassium sulfate is dissolved in 10 liters of water). In autumn, after harvesting, the plants are sprayed on the leaf with potassium magnesium 15 g / 10 l.

Timing and features of pruning

The question of whether it is necessary to prune the vine, given the rate of development of the green mass, becomes irrelevant. Without the procedure, the cultural planting of an ornamental plant will turn into thickets.

1. In the spring - before the start of sap flow, you need to remove the branches that could not withstand frost, broken with signs of damage. Inspect the bush for shoots that do not want to grow in the direction of the support, they are also removed.
2. In summer - remove newly formed stepsons thickening the crown. Shoots are removed, the tops of which have changed the direction of growth.
3. In autumn - prepare for shelter for the winter. Remove wind-damaged, dried-up branches.

Video: Autumn pruning of wild grapes

Transfer

If you want or need to transplant the overgrown bush to a new place, the procedure is carried out in late spring or in summer. The selected area is dug onto a shovel bayonet, compost is added (0.5 buckets per 1 m²).

You need to transplant according to the following scheme:

1. They dig a hole 60 × 60 cm, put 15–20 cm of broken brick on the bottom, sprinkle it with a pile of soil.
2. A bush is placed on a hill of earth, spreading the roots so that they do not bend, sprinkle the plant with soil.
3. The root collar of the bush should remain above the surface.
4. After the bush is watered abundantly.

The taxonomy of maiden grapes

• The genus of maiden grapes - Partenocissus belongs to the family of Grapes (Vitaceae). The genus includes more than ten species, similar in structure and chemical composition.
• Family Grape, part of the class Dicotyledonous (Magnoliopsida), Angiosperms department.
• Some researchers divide the genus into 12, while others identify 14 types of maiden grapes. This happens due to the fact that some subspecies are isolated into a separate species.
• The name "girlish" plants were given for their ability to parthenocarp - the formation of fruits without fertilization, with the participation of only females.

Note: the popular name for maiden grapes is "wild".

Selection of cuttings

The material for the cultivation of maiden grapes can be prepared independently or purchased. When choosing grape seedlings, it is recommended to pay attention to their condition - there should be no mechanical damage on the cuttings.

Best of all to acquire well developed seedlings, without a lump of earth on the roots.

It is best to choose well-developed wild grape seedlings for purchase.

General description and varieties

The maiden grape is a vine. The length of the plant often reaches thirty meters. It is able to take root in various climatic conditions. Beautiful leaves with an unusual shape adorn any buildings on the site and enliven the courtyard.

Wild grapes of compact varieties are often used for landscaping areas in schools, kindergartens and industrial premises. With its help, it is possible to properly shade the gazebo.Most often, in this case, the five-leafed and triangular species are grown.

Five-leaf

The five-leafed decorative grape grows on the supports and is captured by the tendrils. Vines in length can reach up to twenty meters. The leaves have a green tint and are five leaves that have not grown together. At the top, they are pointed, and the base is similar to a wedge.

Among the five-leafed types of maiden grapes, Engelman is considered one of the most popular. The width of the leaves of this plant reaches 3 centimeters, and the length is 12. In summer, the color of the plates is dark green, with a red petiole.

When autumn comes, they take on a carmine color with a purple tint. In just a year, the lash grows up to a meter.

Triangular

Asia is considered the birthplace of maiden triangular grapes. Due to the presence of a large number of antennae with suction cups at the tips, lashes are able to grow on vertical smooth surfaces. At the same time, the leaves form a dense, lush crown. For plants, high-quality sunlit places are preferable. The length can be up to ten meters.

There is a particular demand for the maiden grape variety Vici. In autumn, the foliage on its bushes takes on a rich red hue. During the first year, a slow development of vines is noted, but already on the second, the length of the lashes becomes more than two meters.

Shelter for the winter

Caring for grapes in cold regions is not complete without another important activity - the shelter of the vine. Most cultivated varieties can withstand frosts from 17 to 24 o C. It is impossible to rush with early shelter. On a sunny day, fruit buds can push against. The procedure begins in late autumn, when frosts of about -5 o C. were established on the street. However, before that time the vine should be tied with a tourniquet and laid on the ground. If you try to bend branches during frost, they can break.

For shelter, a warm, lightweight and breathable material is used. Straw, reeds will do, sometimes gardeners use old clothes. Burying the vine in the ground is practiced. First, a ditch is dug, a vineyard tied with a rope is laid, a layer of straw or foliage 30 cm thick is poured on top, and this whole cake is covered with loose earth.

From above, the shelter can be reinforced with foil. The waterproof material will prevent organic matter from rotting and saturating it with water. The film itself cannot be used without insulation. A greenhouse effect is formed under the shelter during the thaw. The buds will begin to wake up, and with the return of frost they will freeze.

Possible uses of the fruit

Berries of wild grapes growing in clusters are considered by many to be poisonous. In fact, this opinion is erroneous, they are edible. The fruits are simply very tasteless, you can be convinced of this by trying one of them. And poisoning can occur only in the case of consuming an excessive amount of berries. However, cases of such poisoning have not yet been recorded: no one of their own free will eats tasteless berries.

Despite the unflattering description of the taste, the fruits of wild grapes have established themselves as a good traditional medicine that helps with some diseases.

The beneficial properties of these fruits are due to the content of certain substances in them, such as:

• dextrose;
• pectin;
• tartaric, malic and citric acids.

Supporters of traditional medicine are advised to take funds based on the fruits of wild grapes in the following cases:

• diarrhea;
• disturbances in the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
• deterioration of metabolism;
• increased acidity of gastric juice.

Wild grapes are also useful for improving the composition of the blood, the formation of blood cells.

Attention! The seeds of the girl's grapes also bring benefits: they are used to produce oil and vinegar.

Graceful vines of wild grapes will enliven any corner, making it cozy and original. This makes it a real find for landscape design.And the ease of care and unpretentiousness of this plant will save the owners from unnecessary trouble. Inedible berries, although they will not decorate homemade dishes, are useful in the fight against diseases.

Autumn watering

Regardless of whether it is old or young grapes, care in the fall, preparation for winter first of all requires water-charging irrigation. While berries are still hanging on the vine, it is impossible to flood the culture with water strongly. The berries will begin to crack from excess moisture. Wasps, bees, small flies will flock to the sweet juice and the crop will be spoiled.

Watering the grapes begins in the fall after harvesting the berries. Often it is not necessary to fill the bushes, but the soil should be kept moist. After the return of the crop, the roots require recharge. The quantity and intensity of watering are determined by growers intuitively, being guided by the weather, the state of the soil, the depth of the underground water layers. Despite all the nuances, in October the vineyard is necessarily poured abundantly with water once. In order for moisture to penetrate exactly to the roots, grooves are dug in the ground around the bush or holes are drilled with a drill.

You need to take care of the grapes wisely, that is, do not pour water under the bush just like that. First, the composition of the soil is taken into account. Loose soil, sandstones absorb a lot of moisture and do not retain it. On such soil, a bush of grapes is poured into 60 liters of water. Heavy soil with admixtures of clay or chernozem poorly permeates moisture, retains it. Vineyard care in such a plot is reduced to minimal watering. It is enough to pour 25 liters of water under the bush.

In the video, grapes, care in the fall, methods of water-charging irrigation:

Unpretentious liana for garden decor

The description should begin with the fact that virgin ivy is a vine with shoots of dark green and reddish shades. The leaves are carved, in spring and summer they are green, in autumn they are red. The color can vary depending on the species and variety.

Small green flowers are collected in paniculate inflorescences of 80-150 pieces. The period of active bud formation occurs in late spring. Fruits - dark blue berries with a diameter of 5 to 8 mm, contain a high concentration of oxalic acid, and therefore unsuitable for human consumption.

Regardless of the variety, maiden grapes have a number of typological characteristics. These include:

• high growth rates and frost resistance;
• unpretentious care;
• shade tolerance;
• drought resistance;
• does not need additional supports and a garter;
• resistance to pests and fungal diseases;
• growing on any soil.

How fast is it growing?

Among the disadvantages, gardeners distinguish high growth rates. Instances growing on fertile, light soils need regular seasonal pruning. With relatively simple care, wild grapes give a significant annual increase and, after a couple of years, are able to completely decorate garden objects. The final growth rates directly depend on the region of growth and the zone of frost resistance:

• Zone 9 (average winter temperature -7 ° C) - annual growth can be from 270 to 300 cm;
• 8 zone (-12 ° C) - from 260 to 270 cm annually;
• 7 zone (-17 ° C) - from 200 to 260 cm per year;
• 6 zone (-23 ° C) - from 147 to 200 cm annually;

In the wild, he climbs up to 20 m, twisting the trunks of trees and bushes to get to the light.

Getting to know the plant

Wild grapes, whose second name is "girlish", is a winter-hardy deciduous plant from the Grape family. Since its berries are not edible, it has found decorative use. Its vines grow extremely easily and climb up vertical supports to form hedges.

The peculiarity of the "girlish" grapes is the change in the color of the leaves, depending on the intensity of lighting and the season. In the summer, dark green pointed leaves are located on its lashes, and closer to autumn, the colors change to crimson-red. Dark blue fruits complete the picture.A photo of wild grapes on the fence is presented below.

The popularity of the plant among summer residents is explained by its following advantages:

• undemanding to the size of the site, type of soil and watering;
• high frost resistance;
• ease of reproduction;
• almost complete invulnerability to pests and diseases;
• good growth and development in both well-lit and dark places;
• rapidly growing vines provide a dense veil.

Young plant

In the conditions of harsh Siberia, two methods of hiding grapes are usually practiced. The first method, or as it is also called "dry", allows you to create comfortable conditions for the plant. Tie the vine, and wrap it with polyethylene or roofing material. So, it won't touch the ground. After that, with the help of metal brackets and the vine is fixed to the bottom of the trench.

Above it, arcs are installed on them from above, a special cardboard is attached and then covered with polyethylene. This will further protect the plants from moisture. Cardboard can be replaced with wood planks. The second method does not require the use of prepared materials. Plants can be covered with ordinary soil and snow.

A solution of lime, which is used to eavesdrop on grape bushes in front of the shelter, will help to avoid diaper rash of the plant during wintering.

Open the grapes immediately. This should be done gradually. After the temperature has become stable and the snow begins to melt.

In order to remove the insulation with grapes, do the following:

• As the snow melted, it is necessary to remove the waterproofing, that is, polyethylene.
• It is possible to completely remove the shelter from the plant only in the second half of April. Then you can remove the most basic structure and free the vines.
• It is necessary to dry and ventilate. It is important to remember that you should never tie it.
• After the stems dry out, they are untied and laid. And also it is not recommended to bind them yet. If frost is observed at night, the plants need to be covered again.

It is important to be very careful and it is advisable to do this in cloudy weather. Since bright sunlight can damage the plant.

Young grapes are usually covered with 5 liter plastic bottles. Having previously made an incision on them for ventilation. After that, it is necessary to cover with earth up to these cuts. After the temperature reaches negative values, the bottle is completely covered with soil, 5-10 cm above it.

Taking care of grapes is easy. With proper care and preparation for wintering, the plant will only say thank you and will please you with a good harvest in the fall. You can make the material for the shelter yourself, or you can buy a finished product. Have a good harvest!

There are no special requirements for the covering material for grapes, however, when choosing a shelter, it is worth excluding the possibility of moisture on the vine, due to which it freezes in the future. If you are going to use polyethylene or other similar fiber, make sure it has filtration holes.

In addition, the strength of the selected product is also an important feature, so if you focus on plastic wrap, then choose only dense varieties that can maintain their qualities for several years.

Sometimes old metal sheets, slate and even used plastic bottles are used to shelter the vine, which, after soldering, turn into a good above-ground frame.

Important! In addition to protection from cold weather, grape bushes need to be protected from rodents, so it is better not to use sawdust and hay to insulate the shoots so that mice do not get in them.

Agrofibre can be purchased from finished products to shelter grapes, although some gardeners prefer to use it only in spring, when there is a risk of light return frosts.In winter, such material often allows moisture to pass through, so in addition to it, you will have to use an intermediate layer, which provides more reliable shelter.

There are many methods of sheltering grapes in Siberian regions, because each gardener chooses the option that will be the most affordable and simple for him. Here are some popular examples of protective layer construction:

• Option 1. After removing the shoots from the supports, they are cut off and placed on sawdust or boards, additionally covering them with spruce branches. It retains snow well, but for additional insulation it is advisable to use a layer of covering material (for example, in front of it, you can wrap the vine with polyethylene or roofing material). To prevent the vine from rising from the surface of the earth, it is attached to it with special metal brackets or wooden hooks.
• Option 2 It is used more often than the previous one, since it does not require practically any special materials from the grower to cover the bushes. To protect them from the frosty winter, only soil and snow are used, under which the grapes are well preserved even in the most severe winters. In this case, the vine is tied in bunches and laid in specially dug trenches, which are subsequently covered with soil to a height of about 30 cm from the ground. When the snow falls, the cover layer will become even larger, which will additionally insulate the branches.
• Option 3: Sometimes fallen leaves are used as a covering material. It is poured in a thick layer (at least 30–35 cm) on top of grape shoots fixed to the very ground, and a film is stretched from above. To prevent the snow from slipping on it, you can also lay a layer of raspberry stems or dried sunflower tops on top. After snow falls, it must be covered with a layer of at least 50-60 cm.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with: Description of the Melba apple variety - features, planting and care rules, harvesting photo

In the spring, as the snow melts, the insulating structure can be disassembled. In the first days of a stable thaw, snow-retaining devices are removed, and after the snow has completely melted, the waterproofing layer can also be removed. The main shelter is removed only at the end of the second half of April, after which the vine can be lifted out of the trench and hung on supports for further ventilation.

Important! After removing the vine from the supports, you need to bend it to the ground very carefully, without sudden movements. Even if the cracks are not visible externally, individual fibers inside can break, which will harm the further development of the grapes.

It will not be possible to finally open the grapes and fix it on the supports again not earlier than the middle or even the end of May. In general, caring for vineyards in a harsh climate involves performing the same actions as when growing in the rest of Russia, albeit with a slight shift in the usual terms.

The opening of the grapes in the spring is carried out gradually as the snow melts. At the very beginning of the thaw, snow retention devices are removed. With the complete release of the vineyard from the snow cover, it is already possible to remove the waterproofing.

The main covering materials are removed only in the third decade of April, and the vine is lifted from the trench and hung to dry on the bottom row of the trellis.

After the vine has completely dried out, it is freed from the bunches and laid out in a trench, if necessary, immediately sheltering it from the frequent night frosts during this period, which are fatal for the shoots that have just begun to develop.

The grapes are finally opened only when the threat of frost has completely disappeared, carefully tying the vines with delicate shoots to the trellises.

All manipulations for the final disclosure of grapes must be carried out only in cloudy weather or in the evening in order to protect still weakened plants from drying out in the active spring sun.

Grape bushes planted this year are not pruned. Only not fallen leaves are removed from them.The bushes are watered, there is no need to apply fertilizers - they were introduced during planting. The grapes of the second year of life are pruned, leaving 3-4 buds on one or two shoots. In the next two years, from 3 to 7 buds are left on the bush in the fall on mature shoots. Starting from the 4th year of life, fertilization begins in the fall.

Propagating girlish grapes by layering video instruction

1. Loosen the soil in a separate area in the root zone. If the soil is poorly nutritious, fertilize it with compost or peat.
2. Dig a groove about 5 cm deep from the plant to the side. The shoot should be located naturally in it. If the lash is curved, then the groove should be of the same shape.
3. Put the shoot in the ditch. It cannot be separated from the mother plant. Part of the horizontally placed layering will protrude slightly above the ground level. The leaves should remain above the ground.
4. Use small staples to fix the vine in the ground. You can even use hairpins.
5. Dig in the escape. Water and moisturize regularly thereafter.

In this state, the layers should remain until the beginning of autumn. During this time, he will grow viable shoots. In September, cut a whip from an adult Parthenocissus and plant it in a new location. Both layering and cuttings are the material of wild grapes, convenient for rooting. Reproduction of a beautiful ornamental plant with their help will be within the power of even beginner gardeners.

Reproduction by cuttings is most popular in home gardening. Standard grafting makes it very easy to get a large amount of quality planting material.

Layers

Many gardeners prefer to propagate ornamental crops by layering. This method is considered one of the easiest and most convenient. In early spring, two-year or three-year-old shoots should be selected on grape bushes, and fixed with special metal pins on the surface of the soil.

The attachment point is covered with soil, and standard care consists in regular watering. After about a year, at the beginning of the next spring, the rooted branches must be cut off from the mother plant, and then the young plant with the root system must be carefully dug up and transferred to a previously prepared planting site.

The girlish grapes are also good because they can be propagated at any time of the year, except, of course, in winter. And yet, sharing their experience, gardeners recommend doing this in the fall.

Grapes planted in the fall and rooted before the onset of cold weather will actively grow in the spring, even without the use of any fertilizers or growth stimulants. In 1.5 - 2 months it will grow so much that in summer you can enjoy not only the beautiful view of this ornamental plant, but also the shadow it produces.

It is not necessary to expect such success from grapes planted in spring, since the young plant will spend its main forces not on growth and building up the green mass, but on rooting and adaptation. In addition, in the spring and summer, you will have to spend a lot of effort to protect the immature plant from pests, the scorching sun, etc. So the most suitable time to propagate maiden grapes in your home is autumn - September or early October.

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Habitat and place in ecosystems of maiden grapes

In nature, maiden grapes have two large habitats. In fact, it is a genus with a ruptured range, growing only in the northern hemisphere. Nine species grow in Southeast Asia, China, Taiwan, and the Himalayas.

Three types of maiden grapes originate from the New World: eastern and northern North America, Texas, Mexico.

Currently, the maiden grape is cultivated on all continents except Antarctica. In many areas, it runs wild, becoming part of local ecosystems.It grows everywhere in places where there is support: on the edges of mixed and coniferous forests, in gardens, parks, bushes.

Top dressing and tillage

Taking care of the vineyard is not complete without top dressing. In the fall, after harvesting, the crop is in a depleted state. In order for the vine to overwinter and give a good growth in the spring, it needs to restore its lost strength.

Leaving in the fall means feeding the crop only with phosphorus and potassium. From mineral fertilizers, 40 g of superphosphate are applied under an adult bush. The substance enriches the grapes with phosphorus. From potash fertilizers, 30 g of potassium sulfate or potassium magnesium are applied. Many gardeners give preference to potassium monophosphate, contributing 40 g of the substance under the bush. Dry mineral fertilizers are diluted in a bucket of water, poured under the root, combining top dressing with watering.

Instead of mineral fertilizers, fertilizing in the fall can be done with organic matter. Under an adult vineyard, 300 g of ash or 15 kg of compost are introduced. The organic matter is dug up with the soil to a depth of 30 cm, departing from the trunk 50 cm.

Protection against diseases and pests

An important process of caring for grapes in the fall and preparing for winter is the preventive protection of the vine. The choice of a spray product depends on the condition of the vineyard:

• If, during the inspection, traces of mildew are revealed, the affected shoots with leaves are cut off and burned. The vineyard is sprayed with "Folpan", "Ridomil" or another similar preparation.
• If signs of oidium are detected, the vine is sprayed with any preparation containing sulfur even before dropping the foliage in early autumn.
• Against anthracnose, drugs used to treat oidium and mildew are used.
• When, when examining the grapes in the fall, traces of a leaf roll are found, the bush is treated with a decoction of tobacco or medicinal chamomile.
• The raining of berries and bunches in early autumn may be associated with cercospora. The disease still manifests itself as brown spots on the leaf plates. For the care of a sick vineyard, use "Fundazol". "Polychoma" helps a lot.
• In the fall, ticks like to get along on the vine. Most often, they sit on the tops of young branches. A measure of getting rid of the pest is pruning the tops of the shoots.
• In the case of the development of gray rot in autumn, the processing of the culture is carried out with "Euparen" or the preparation "Skala".

Healthy bushes also need preventive care. The vineyard is sprayed in late autumn after leaf fall with a 3% solution of copper sulfate.

How to transplant wild grapes

How to transplant wild grapes if the need arises? It should be understood that the older the plant, the more difficult it is to implement the plan. And although there are cases of successful transplantation of bushes aged 5 or more years, the task is complicated by the length of the vines of adult grapes. Plants aged 1-2 years are considered more suitable specimens.

The size of the pit into which the transplant is planned should be approximately equal to the size of the root system of the bush, and the depth should be somewhat higher. Crushed ceramic tiles, broken brick or other material that plays the role of drainage is placed at the bottom. The size of this layer is about 15 cm.

After drainage, 20 cm of sand is poured. Next, the pit must be half filled with a fertile mixture of humus, sand and earth in a ratio of 2: 1: 2. The resulting soil should settle and compact, which will take about 2 weeks.

By that time, the bush itself is being prepared for transplantation. The grapes are pruned, shortening so that it is convenient to move the plant. The bush is dug up with roots and an earthen lump, after which the grapes are placed in a hole and sprinkled with soil mixture. The root collar should be left at ground level. The transplanted bush is watered abundantly. You can add and compact the potting mix if necessary.

Pruning for the winter

One of the important stages of caring for grapes in the fall is pruning the vines for the winter. The procedure has the following positive aspects:

• After pruning in the fall, the bush is rejuvenated in the spring. The yield increases. The berries grow larger than uncut grapes.
• After pruning in the fall in the grown young stems, metabolism and the movement of sap occur more intensively. The berries ripen faster.
• Pruned vines withstand severe frosts better.
• A neatly shaped crown of grapes is easier to care for.
• Pruning diseased and diseased branches reduces the likelihood of spreading the disease throughout the bush.

Leaving associated with pruning grapes begins after leaf fall. The vine goes into dormancy in the fall, and the removal of branches is painless. Before the leaves fall off, the branches cannot be cut off. Such withdrawal will only harm the culture. Until the bush has thrown off the foliage, the process of photosynthesis continues in the grapes. Early removal of leafy branches in the fall will weaken the vine. The grapes will not have time to accumulate nutrients that help to endure the winter easier.

It is also impossible to delay with leaving. Pruning too late with the first frost in the fall will cause unexpected damage to the vineyard. The vine becomes fragile in the cold. During pruning, the branch may crack in an unnecessary place.

Vine care begins with the removal of diseased, dry and damaged shoots. The branches are burned immediately after pruning, as they are infected with pest larvae and fungal spores. The next stage of care is the formation of the bush in the fall. In the vineyard, excess branches are cut. The scheme for pruning a vineyard in the fall may differ for each variety, but in general terms, caring for a bush takes place according to the following principle:

• The load of the bush is regulated by shortening the annual branches. Two buds at the base of the shoot are not counted. They are not considered mature. For example, if a feature of a variety requires shortening the shoot by 4 buds, then taking into account two unripe buds, six of them are obtained.
• They start leaving in early autumn at the beginning of September. All young growth on the old vine is removed, the tops of which rise from the ground level by 60 cm. The branches, the tops of which rise 30 cm from the ground level, are shortened by 15%.
• Further maintenance of the grapes, associated with pruning, continues in October. The process is directed to the formation of a bush in the fall. Fruit branches and replacement knots are left on the vine. First, the lower strong, but short shoots with three eyes are cut off. The knots of replacement are obtained from them. The upper long branches on the bush are shortened by six eyes, forming fruit arrows. The eyes may be less or more, depending on the varietal characteristics of the grapes.

Why should there be maiden grapes in every summer cottage?

Decorating your personal plot in the same ways that most owners of country houses and summer cottages use is not good. It should be remembered that the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which are one of the seven wonders of the world, are recreated precisely thanks to the girl's grapes.

For the first time, the hanging gardens of Babylon, the Assyrian queen, became known in the ninth century BC. They existed in reality, and there is historical evidence to prove this fact. It is difficult to determine what kind of plants were used then, thirty centuries before our appearance, but it is possible to recreate this wonder of the world on your site, it will not require your efforts, and it will not take much time.

We plant seeds

Propagating girlish grapes in the garden is easy with seeds. They are bought or obtained from the fruits of an ornamental plant (not edible). Pre-soak in water or treat with growth hormones. Some gardeners harden the planting material, but this is not necessary for an ornamental plant.

In spring or early autumn, seeds are dropped into loose soil to a depth of 1 cm. They are looked after by regularly watering and weeding the beds from weeds. Otherwise, the shoots can be killed by weeds.

Seed shoots take a long time to root in the ground, shoots grow slowly, so seed propagation is not as popular as other methods.

We propagate the girlish grapes by layering.

Girlish grapes are healthy and beautiful

How can maiden grapes be propagated and planted - for a green wall, hedge, etc.

Reproduction of maiden grapes by seeds is an occupation for professionals and patient people

For those of us who have free time, desire and incredible patience, I advise you to take a chance and try to grow girlish grapes from seeds. I will note right away that this occupation is much longer, and it is far from the fact that it will be crowned with success, since many seeds often turn out to be empty.

You can plant seeds in the same way as cuttings - in spring and autumn. The main condition in this case is the mandatory stratification of seeds.

For one and a half two months, the seeds are placed in a container with wet sand, and the container is placed in the refrigerator, where the temperature should be kept at 5 degrees.

The difference in planting time will also affect the seed germination time. We planted them in the fall - wait for the shoots at the beginning of next summer. Planted in the spring - in four weeks you will get acquainted with the sprouts. Provided the seeds are stratified, of course.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with: Caring for planting grapes garter pinching pinching

However, the seeds of maiden grapes have one good feature - it is good germination, which persists throughout the year. It is especially good to store seeds at room temperature. By the way, you can grow grapes from seeds in your apartment, after which you can take the plant to your dacha.

Even for the sake of these colors, it is worth choosing girlish grapes as a greenery plant.

To do this, the seeds need to be planted at a centimeter depth in a container, cover it and put it in the lightest place in the apartment. In this situation, seedlings will certainly appear.

In contrast to those who are engaged in the cultivation of maiden grapes, there are those who are a little afraid of growing it on their site. The parthenocissus has a very strong developing root system, which, as they say, takes everything from life. Moreover, it takes so that even weeds near wild grapes cannot grow normally.

However, if you plan the planting well on your site, and do not place fruit and berry and vegetable plants next to the grapes, and also do not intend to twine a brick house with vines, then the girl's grapes will become the best green friend who will provide the site with green surroundings in less than a season.

The fruits of the parthenocissus fall off in the fall, and after a certain time, young shoots grow from the sown seeds. In the absence of control, such thickets can very quickly turn the site into a jungle of maiden grapes. Seeds of a wild vineyard are used by summer residents to grow new young seedlings, but this takes much more time.

First you need to collect the fruits, separate the seeds from the pulp. The planting procedure can be carried out in the fall or spring. The seeds can be planted immediately after harvest, but the first shoots will appear only in June. For spring sowing, seeds are recommended to be stratified. To do this, they need to be soaked in cold water for 2–6 hours. After that, wrap in a damp cloth, place in the refrigerator for a week.

Stratification is carried out 1-2 months before the expected sowing date. From February to April, the seeds must be planted in a prepared container (as for seedlings of vegetables), to a depth of no more than 1 cm. Seedlings will appear in a month. During this period, it is important to provide the plants with sufficient light and regular watering. Wild grapes can be planted in the ground as soon as the sprouts are strong.

Role in landscaping

Due to its unpretentiousness, resistance to smoke, atmospheric pollution, and rapid growth, maiden grapes are suitable for growing anywhere:

• the formation of hedges (in this case, grapes can use the existing fence as a support);
• creating shade on terraces, balconies, summer areas;
• decorating buildings (walls of houses, gazebos);
• production of frame figures, arches, braided with grapes.

Note: make sure that the grapes do not throw the lashes on the trees and shrubs growing nearby, and also that the shoots of the girl's grapes do not crawl along the ground, otherwise they will take root and the plant will take over the site.

Seat selection

The natural unpretentiousness of the grapes makes the choice of the place of planting unimportant. This fast growing vine will take on any area allocated to it. An important point: it must be borne in mind that the color of the leaves depends on the lighting.

In the bright sun, "girlish" grapes acquire a beautiful orange or purple color or other shades of red. In a shaded place, its leaves are able to remain bright green until the onset of frost. But nevertheless, experienced gardeners are advised to give preference to the sunny sides of the site, which to some extent will accelerate the growth of vines and color their leaves in stunning colors.

Cuttings

So, maiden grapes - propagation by cuttings. This option can be used throughout the warm season, that is, from early spring to mid-autumn.

If you decide to choose this particular method, then you should pick up a long lignified lash. Last year's gain is perfect. Next, you need to divide it into small pieces with a length of at least 15 centimeters. Ideally, if there are small outgrowths on the surface of the cuttings prepared in this way. Such specimens will take root much faster.

Of course, maiden grapes, which are planned to be propagated using lignified cuttings, can grow beautifully from green cuttings. In this case, they must be prepared in the middle of summer. Be sure to make sure that there are at least 3 knots on the barrel. It is from here that new roots will begin to grow.

The rooting of vine cuttings placed in a peat-clay substrate is especially effective. When landing in the ground, it is necessary to deepen the very first internode and set up a support. The plant needs regular watering, and also does not tolerate drafts at all. Girlish grapes are planted, the reproduction of which was carried out by cuttings, already next spring. Of course, you can simply dip the cuttings into a container of water, but the plant will give roots much later.

Wild grapes: care and planting of hedges, correct formation and wintering.

Wild grapes can serve as a great decoration for the garden, and turn into impassable thickets, especially if not cared for properly. Often, ornamental grapes, planting and caring for which in fact will not cause special difficulties even for beginner gardeners, requires some simple manipulations necessary to preserve its decorative effect and active development. So how to care for wild grapes?

Watering and weeding wild grapes

As with any plant, the cultivation of maiden grapes is impossible without basic maintenance techniques.

Mature wild grape plants do not require frequent watering. During the season, 3-4 waterings will be enough with a consumption of about 10 liters of water per plant. In the heat, the frequency of watering is increased, making sure that the soil around the plant does not dry out completely.

It is useful to loosen the soil around the plants periodically, removing weeds. At the same time, it is worth making sure that the roots of wild grapes are not exposed. If this happens, they must be sprinkled with a sufficient amount of earth. Along with loosening the soil, excess young growth is often removed, which over time can grow from tender shoots into dense thickets, which will be very difficult to cope with.

Mulching will have a beneficial effect on ornamental grapes. The soil around the trunk is covered with a 6 cm layer of peat, humus or compost. With the onset of autumn, the old layer of mulch is embedded in the soil and a new one is poured.

Features of the formation of girlish grapes

In caring for the plant, an important place is occupied by the creation of an appropriate support for the girl's grapes and its correct formation.

Knowing how quickly wild grapes grow (adding in the growth of lashes by 2-4 m per season), even before planting a seedling in a permanent place, you should think about a suitable support, because in 2-3 years it can grow strongly even with weak support branches can collapse under their own weight. That is why you should prepare a stable trellis for the girl's grapes, which, for example, can be securely fixed on the wall of the building. You can also use a pergola or arch as a support for wild grapes. When forming a hedge, you can use a chain-link mesh to secure the lashes of the girl's grapes.

To control the location of the shoots, at first it is necessary to tie the maiden grapes to the support, securing the lashes in the right direction. Formative and sanitary pruning will be needed to further control the growth of the vine. It should also be remembered that if you tear the lashes from the support, in the future they will no longer be able to gain a foothold anew, therefore it will be easier to cut them off and form a plant from scratch.

The formation of the plant itself is carried out taking into account several nuances.

1. It is important to initially correctly form the "skeleton" of the plant, so that in the future there are fewer problems with rapidly growing shoots. At first, young lashes must be fixed on a support, giving them the necessary direction.

2. If it is necessary to form a dense and uniform crown, the stems of wild grapes with the help of a secateurs are cut at a certain height from the ground, and young shoots are evenly distributed over the support. It is important to have time to do this before the shoots become woody and rough.

3. It is better to remove unnecessary and disobedient shoots immediately, so that the plant does not take on a sloppy look.

4. The cut must be done no further than 5 mm above the healthy bud, from which young shoots will subsequently grow and hide the cut.

5. When the formation of the base of the vine is completed, it remains for the gardener to periodically carry out sanitary and restraining pruning.

6. Restraining pruning is carried out throughout the year to avoid thickening of the plant. In the case when the plant, for one reason or another, was started and turned into a shapeless shock of shoots, they are shortened to the required length, and all tangled and thickened lashes are cut out. Soon, wild grapes, which cannot be taken care of without pruning, will give a new growth from the awakened dormant buds.

7. Talking about how to prune a girl's grapes, an important agricultural technique called sanitary pruning should not be overlooked. It is carried out mainly in the spring and consists in the removal of weak and damaged, including frost, shoots.

8. To maintain decorativeness, maiden grapes also need pruning of withered leaves and fruits throughout the year. Although the ripening bunches also have a rather attractive appearance, falling off, they form an unsightly mess on the surface of the soil, and young bushes sprout from the sown seeds in spring, which over time can greatly thicken the plantings.

How to create a maiden grape hedge

Wild grapes, often fun to care for and plant, are great for creating hedges. In this case, again, it is important to correctly approach its formation, which begins already in the first year of planting, since in the future it will be simply impossible to cope with its long and rapidly growing shoots.

Initially, vines "teach" to grow like a fan. To do this, the lashes in the form of rays are evenly distributed and fixed on the support so that they cover the entire area allotted for the plant. If the tying of wild grape lashes is performed correctly and in a timely manner at this stage, then in the future its formation will not cause any special difficulties.

As the wild grapes grow, shoots growing in an undesirable direction are removed. With a low hedge height, wild grapes are cut with garden shears, restraining its active growth. It is important to immediately fix the emerging young shoots and direct them in the right direction. It is also worth avoiding the fact that decorative grapes, planting and caring for which during the formation of a hedge is not difficult, began to creep along the ground, since the layers will begin to take root and capture new areas of your garden, and this can subsequently become a serious problem.

Caring for the girl's grapes and, in particular, pruning, is simply necessary to preserve its decorative effect. Removing its naughty branches, you should be prepared for the fact that this stimulates the active growth of new shoots.

Fertilizers for maiden grapes

Often, when planting a delicate stalk, gardeners think about how to feed girlish grapes for rapid growth. In fact, the plant is unpretentious and does not require regular fertilization.

If there is a need to feed the plant, especially young seedlings, then for better growth in the spring, nitroammofoska is introduced at the rate of 40-50 grams per 1 square meter. And after some time, with the beginning of the growth of decorative grapes, you can also fertilize it with a universal mixture, for example, "Kemira Universal", using 100-200 g of the mixture per 1 square meter. Also, for the rapid growth of shoots, you can use Aquamarine, spending on 1 sq. about 50 g of fertilizer.

It is enough to feed adult plants with nitrogen fertilizers in the spring after sanitary pruning.

In autumn, maiden grapes respond well to the application of potash fertilizers, potassium magnesium or furnace ash.

We fight diseases and pests of girlish grapes

The undoubted advantage of the plant is that wild grapes practically do not suffer from any disease or pest infestation. In rare cases, it can be affected by aphids, but it is not difficult to cope with it.

At first, you can simply try to wash off the aphids with a strong jet of water. If this does not help, then it is necessary to treat the plant with a solution of laundry soap and alcohol in a ratio of 3: 1 or an appropriate tool, of which you can purchase in abundance at any gardening store.

Maiden grapes: preparing for winter

In most cases, in winter, maiden grapes rarely suffer from frost, due to their high resistance to sub-zero temperatures. Therefore, mature plants do not require special shelter. At the same time, in central Russia and to the north, for better wintering, maiden grapes are advised to cover, in particular, this applies to young seedlings.

If the grapes were left without shelter and their shoots were damaged by frost, do not panic. Damaged shoots are removed in spring during sanitary pruning, and new lashes soon develop from dormant buds, quickly restoring the density and decorativeness of the plant.

Be that as it may, wild grapes, the care and planting of which is a real pleasure for someone who loves to spend time in gardening chores, can turn into a real highlight of the garden. The main thing is to fulfill elementary agrotechnical requirements in the process of growing this exquisite plant.

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Planting purchased seedlings

When choosing a place for placement, one must take into account that a mesmerizing bright red-crimson carpet will appear by autumn, if the south side is chosen for planting. On the west or east wall, it will begin to develop rapidly, and the foliage will be large.

1. Decorative liana is not demanding on soil fertility. To achieve the desired bushiness, it is recommended to prepare the substrate from peat, leafy soil, compost, taken in equal proportions, when planting. If the ground is hard, add some sand.
2. A couple of days before disembarking, drainage from broken brick or crushed stone 20 cm high is poured to the bottom of the planting pit. Then the substrate is added to half of the pit.
3. Fortified seedlings are recommended to be planted in early spring or autumn at a distance of 50-70 cm. They are placed in the center of the planting pit, sprinkled with substrate. The root collar should remain on the surface, but not rise above it.
4. It is advisable to mulch the near-trunk circle with peat, bark, dry grass. The layer thickness should be 5-8 cm. Mulch will protect the soil from rapid evaporation of moisture and help eliminate seasonal weeding.

Video about the rules of cultivation.

In the future, the seedlings will need watering once a week until they take root. Adult plants need 3-4 moisture per season in a drought. Fertilizers begin to be applied from 2 years of growth, limited to 2 dressings per season. In May, 40-50 g of nitroammofoska are added dropwise under each liana, in June - 200 g of "Kemira Universal".

Restraining growth and pruning maiden grapes, preparing for winter

The notorious aggressiveness attributed to liana manifests itself when they do not care at all about the elementary control over the development of the plant. False grapes will never crawl over a fence or climb onto a roof if pruned in time.

Maiden grapes only need controlled pruning.

If he begins to move to another territory, cut off excess lashes. The more often you cut them, the thicker the crown will be. To contain growth, most gardeners keep watering and feeding to a minimum. Dry branches should be periodically cut out, and bare roots should be covered with earth.

In the first year after planting, the trunk circle is covered with spruce branches and dry foliage. Subsequently, the plants do not need shelter.

The need for support

The wild vine grows rapidly and is capable of braiding any surface, be it a fence or almost smooth walls. The plant itself does not need a special support, but it will definitely be needed when, after a few years, the grapes become an overwhelming green carpet.

Therefore, a strong support should be prepared in advance. In an open area, a hedge made of metal mesh will do this role well. And it is preferable to use trellises near the walls of the house. During the first year, the shoots of young grapes are advised to be directed in the right direction, fixing them on a support.

Soil features

Care and planting of wild grapes is so easy that any cultivated soil will do. The plant tends to take root even under the most unfavorable conditions. But the best growth and development of vines should still be expected on fertile soil, which is well permeable to moisture.

In the event that the soil is uncultivated, the excavated planting holes should be prepared. To do this, a drainage layer, about 15 cm thick, is placed on the bottom of the pits, and sprinkled on top with a fertile mixture consisting of humus, soil and sand.

Soil for planting

Maiden grape is an unpretentious plant, it feels good on various types of soil, but prefers cultivated areas more. In order for the bush to be healthy, to develop actively, it is necessary to create acceptable conditions for it: to provide care, the soil must be properly prepared. They start this in advance, it is necessary that the earth be sufficiently compacted, acquire the necessary moisture, certain processes have occurred in it:

• for this, weeds are removed, the earth is dug up qualitatively;
• a mixture of soil is prepared from turf and compost, to improve water permeability and aeration of the roots, river sand is added to the soil, if necessary;
• the proportions scheme is observed in the ratio 2x2x1;
• if propagation by cuttings on heavy loams or chernozems is assumed, after digging holes, it is required to make high-quality drainage of at least 20 cm, the bottom of the pit is covered with crushed stone, expanded clay, broken brick, this is necessary to prevent the accumulation of moisture:
• if there is sandy soil on the site, for maiden grapes this is an excellent option, its light structure does not interfere with the full respiration of the roots, supplies them with sufficient oxygen;
• but it needs more responsible care: there is not enough humus in it, nutrients and moisture are poorly retained, therefore such lands require more organic matter.
• in this case, mineral supplements and superphosphate are required.

Sandy soil is the best option for girlish grapes

Preparing for landing

In order to properly transplant seedlings and grow maiden grapes, you need to perform a number of preparatory work. Particular attention should be paid to the soil, planting material and the choice of a suitable place. Only with a responsible attitude to all these points will the undertaking be successful.

Seat selection

It is imperative to plant the grapes in the right place. With insufficient bright light, the leaves will not be able to change their color in the fall and will remain green until frost. If in the summer the vines receive a large amount of sunlight, then when autumn comes, the foliage will acquire an unusually beautiful red hue.

In the process of choosing a location, it is recommended to give preference to the south side. On the northern, western and eastern sides, young shoots and lashes are also actively developing, but in this case there will be no surprising transformation in the autumn period.

Soil preparation

Virgin grapes, although they belong to the group of unpretentious plants, but before planting it, the soil must be well dug up and fertilized. Due to this, the vines will quickly take root and begin to grow. Growth in soil devoid of nutrients is unlikely.

When preparing the beds, the soil is divided into a couple of layers. The bottom is the drainage. The choice should be stopped on natural materials that have the ability to filter water. If the liquid begins to stagnate, then the shoots will not be able to develop at the proper pace and there is a risk of their death. The second layer is nutrient organic matter mixed with sand.

Planting material processing

When planting seeds, the planting material needs special preparation - stratification. These manipulations are performed one and a half months before sowing. The procedure is carried out as follows:

• clean sand is poured into a suitable container, sprinkled with water;
• seeds are placed in the prepared mass;
• the container is covered with a film;
• the container is placed in a cool place. At the same time, the temperature is maintained within five degrees;
• the sand is regularly moistened.

When using other methods of breeding vines, the planting material does not need to be additionally prepared.