The type of root system of a fragrant violet. Fragrant violet - description

Violet is popular among amateur flower growers for a reason. This flower mesmerizes with the rich color palette of its petals from pale-soft to dark-saturated shades. The shape of the velvety leaves is graceful and whimsical. The article is about how to propagate a violet leaf at home and how to care for this magnificent blooming home flower.

Violet marsh

The marsh violet is one of the rarest species of Saintpaulia. The variety is listed in the Red Book. The usual habitat is swamps, swamps, as well as forests (often, the area near swamps or other bodies of water). Today the variety grows in the territories of nature reserves and sanctuaries.

Genus, family

This species is called Víola palústris, which in Latin means - marsh violet (from Latin palus - swamp). The variety belongs to the genus - violet, the Saintpaulia family.

Variety history

Perennial herb... Prefers an area with high humidity, reproduces vegetatively. It grows most often in swamps and marshy areas.

Description

The height of the flower can reach from 5 to 15 centimeters. The plant is rosette, without leafy stem. The rosette of the flower is separately petal, consists of 5 petals of a delicate blue color. The ovary is superior.

Photo of a violet marsh.

Variegation, prints

Flowers of marsh Saintpaulia have plain light blue color, as well as light green leaves solid color.

ATTENTION! Usually variegation and imprints are either generic features of the variety, or indicate plant diseases. Saintpaulia marsh is just such a plant.

Sports

Sports of different varieties of violets can most often manifest themselves in their similarity to the parent variety in the shape and size of the petals, the size of the rosette, as well as the size and shape of the leaves. All these details are most often transferred to sports from the mother plant. Such Violets can be considered the sports of marsh violets:

• forest;
• field;
• fragrant;
• doggy.

Field violet.

Forest violet.

Fragrant violet.

Dog violet.

The type of root system of a fragrant violet. Fragrant violet - description

Fragrant violet (Víola odoráta) is a herbaceous early flowering perennial.
A plant without leafy stems up to 15 cm high, with a thick creeping rhizome, giving numerous rosettes of basal leaves and aerial shoots rooting at the nodes (stolons).

The stolons are long, thin, 1.5-2 mm in diameter, well expressed.

Leaves are simple, all collected in a basal rosette, together with a petiole no more than 15 cm long. The leaf blade is rounded, less often reniform, crenate-serrate at the edges.

The flowers are solitary, on pedicels, develop in the axils of the basal leaves.

Petals five, dark purple, less often white; the lower petal is slightly wider than the others, with a spur, the side petals are directed downward.

Flowers with a pleasant strong aroma. Fragrant violet is a self-pollinated plant.

It blooms in April and early May and the second time in late summer; bears fruit in June. Fruit is spherical, three-sided, pubescent with short hairs, unilocular greenish capsule 3-5 mm in diameter.

Seeds are small, 1.25-1.75 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide and thick, obovate.

The seeds are spread exclusively by ants.

General distribution:

• Europe,
• Crimea,
• Caucasus,
• Balkan Peninsula,
• Asia Minor and Southwest,
• north of Africa.

Home care

Every florist, in whose gallery a marsh violet has appeared, should know how to provide proper care for a wild plant at home. Special important details of care are:

• watering and fertilizing;
• thermal and light conditions;
• features of transplanting and breeding varieties and so on.

Conditions of detention

Like all the other Saintpaulias, the marsh likes partial shade, so it is best to place such a plant on windows that are from the southwest or southeast side building.

Violets love a temperate climate, which means air humidity should not be higher than 50%.

Proper watering and feeding

It is very important to remember that watering for Saintpaulias is not always the same. And, if in the warm season the soil must be moistened at least 3-4 times a week, then in the autumn-winter period the flowers have enough moisture received from 1-2 waterings per month.

IMPORTANT! In order for the flower to actively grow and develop, it must be fertilized regularly, various fertilizing and mineral fertilizers must be applied. It is most effective to use liquid fertilizers, which are added to the water for irrigation.

You need to "feed" the plant with fertilizer once a month, instead of just watering it.

Lighting and air temperature

For violets, it is best when they are in partial shade or occasionally receive bright light from direct sunlight. Such lighting is permissible from the beginning of daylight hours until 10 am, as well as from 4 pm until the end of daylight hours. The rest of the time the flower should be in partial shade.

Permissible air temperature for violets in the room should not exceed 20-25 degrees Celsius. At elevated temperatures, the soil dries out twice as fast and there is a risk of not only drying out the foliage in the plant outlet, but also destroying the root system, that is, the death of the flower.

Maximum allowable temperature drop should not be less than 16 - 18 degrees. Otherwise, a stop in development is possible.

The temperature of the content is very important for the marsh violet.

Influence of air humidity

Air humidity for Saintpaulias should not exceed 65%, since too important air can lead to rotting of the root system and the death of the flower. At the same time, the air should not be too dry so that the Saintpaulia does not dry out.

TIP! You can increase the humidity of the air using pallets with water, placed around the perimeter of the room.

What soil does the plant prefer when growing at home?

Grow a violet at home it is possible both in the purchased soil for Saintpaulias, and in the soil mixture prepared by yourself. To do this, it is recommended to mix in equal parts:

• black soil;
• sand;
• wood moss;
• drainage.

The main taboo for growing marsh violets at home is black soil. This variety is wild and therefore develops better in drier soil.

Pruning and hygiene

To avoid infection by pests, as well as viral diseases, flower growers it is necessary to carry out regular hygiene procedures for the plant.

Pruning dry leaves and shoots necessary in order not to attract harmful insects.

In addition, pruning helps to maintain the attractive appearance of the plant.

Fragrant violet: description, cultivation

Fragrant violet belongs to herbaceous perennials of the genus Viola. Prefers forest, forest-steppe, meadow and mountain zones of Europe and Asia, grows in sunny glades and forest edges. Easy to cultivate.

Due to its medicinal properties and unpretentiousness, the fragrant violet has long been grown in gardens and flower beds.The plant blooms at the end of April, and with proper care, its bluish-blue or purple buds pleases the eye until mid-July. It has a very strong creeping root system, in which new buds are constantly formed, giving leafy rosettes. The upper shoots spread along the ground, due to which they tend to take root. The leaf plates are rounded, pointed at the top. They have a serrated edge on the sides. Fully bloom after flowering.

The flowers are single, have five petals, are located on a pedicel 12-15 cm long. The culture got its name due to the delicate and pleasant aroma, which intensifies during the blooming of the buds in the morning and in the evening.

Fragrant violet - varieties

Breeders, in addition to traditional shades, have bred varieties of white, pink and multi-colored violets. Some varieties can bloom 2 times per season.

Let's dwell on the most common in more detail.

Bechtles Ideal	Suitable for use in flower beds and flower beds by forcing.	Large, bright, blue-blue. The middle petal has a strip at the base.
Queen Charlotte	The height of the culture is up to 20 cm. The leaf plates are rounded, rosette-shaped. In winters with little snow, it can freeze out, so it needs additional shelter. Blooms in May-June.	Purple, fragrant, butterflies.
Coeur d'Elsace	An ornamental plant with a fragrant scent.	Pink, drooping, large.
Red Charm	Leaves are cordate, on long petioles, collected in bunches. The culture blooms in May for 25 days.	Small, purple, fragrant.
Foxbrook Cream	Blooms from May to September.	White with a yellow center, gentle
Parma	Hybrid variety, up to 20 cm high. Cultivated in the 16th century in Italy, since the 19th century on an industrial scale in the form of candied fruits, liqueurs and perfumes. It blooms once a year, can have up to 20 petals.	Large, lavender or dark purple, rarely white, solitary, 5 petals.
Queen Victoria	The oldest variety used for cutting. The leaves are dark green, slightly pubescent.	Intense deep pink, strewn with strokes and dots.

Features of flowering, growth and reproduction

The marsh violet is perennial climbing plant... Subject to all conditions of maintenance and proper care, the plant will annually delight its owner with a flowering carpet of bright blue flowers and lush greenery.

The marsh violet is a perennial plant.

How long does it take to grow an adult plant?

With proper lighting and watering, the plant actively develops and blooms profusely. An adult specimen with proper care it is possible to grow in a year.

Reproduction methods and features

The variety multiplies vegetatively, by seeds... At home, it is recommended to propagate the plant only with a leaf.

Bloom in hot and cold conditions

In the heat, the variety practically does not bloom... For normal flowering and development, the air temperature should be in the range from 20 to 25 degrees.

What do peduncles look like?

Since the flower reproduces by seeds, flower stalks can be considered seed pods attached to the lower petal of the calyx.

Is it possible to achieve nodding flowering?

The variety has weaving stems and blooms with a carpet.

Blooming marsh violets.

Bud life

The flowering period lasts from mid-May to early autumn.

The type of root system of the fragrant violet. Reproduction and distribution methods

The reproduction of the fragrant violet and its settlement is carried out by seeds and vegetatively.

Fragrant violet is a self-pollinated plant. Along with normally colored opening flowers (chasmogamous), small nondescript unopening so-called cleistogamous flowers are formed in it. Often, chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers replace each other under different growing conditions.So, in deciduous forests in early spring, only chasmogamous flowers bloom in violets, and when the leaves bloom on the trees and a shadow appears in the forest, cleistogamous flowers are formed that give seeds and fruits by self-pollination. Kleistogamny flowers are located below the level of the leaves on almost lodging peduncles. Weak, recumbent stalks lower the capsules to the ground. Opening up, the capsules pour out the mature seeds directly under the mother plant.

Fragrant violet is an entomophilous, purely myrmecochoric plant, in which the ejection mechanism is completely lost. Its seeds are equipped with very large eliosomes, much longer than those of the diplochornous species. During observations, it was noted that the number of germinated seeds increased after their peel was nibbled by ants. Seeds with artificially removed eliosomes hardly attract ants. Cleistogamous seeds are less frequently carried by ants, although they have large eliosomes.

It propagates vegetatively by aerial creeping shoots capable of rooting in the nodes, forming clumps. Shoots that develop during the growing season bloom in the second year.

Chemical composition

What is the composition of the field violet? The description of this plant allows you to externally represent it. As for the benefits, it depends on the chemical composition. In medicine, field violet is used in combination with tricolor. The plant contains a large amount of saponins, essential oil, glycosides, flavonoids, mucus, carotene, alkaloid, salicylates, vitamins P, E, C and other useful components.

Field violet is similar in properties to tricolor. This also applies to the chemical composition. In pharmacy collections, a field violet is usually combined with a tricolor one. This makes the drug more versatile.

Appearance

Forest violets are usually not as bright as field violets, but they are wonderful in their own way. The plant attracts attention with pale blue, purple, pale blue and lilac flowers with a yellow center. Also in nature you can find this plant and is white. The petals are varied in shape.

Almost all leaves are basal and have a variety of forms:

1. heart-shaped;
2. rounded ovoid;
3. reniform;
4. with long petioles.

Their upper row is much smaller in size than the lower one. The bud has five stamens with short filaments. The stem of this plant is not observed. The violet grows to a height of 14-15 cm. Its bushes are quite neat.

What are the colors of varietal flowers?

The large number of varieties of violets has led to a variety of colors. However, the main colors can be distinguished: blue, blue, purple, multi-colored, pink, orchid, red, white, two-color, green, yellow. Varieties of the most popular violet colors:

1. green - Emerald Love, Ivy Joy, Frozen In Time, Irish Flirt mini, Emerald City (chimera), Irish Cream;
2. yellow - Warm Sunshine, Sunkissed Rose, Lemon Kisses, Majesty, Candlelight Delight, Mellow Yellow, Golden Autumn, Oscar, Yellow Chickens;
3. pink - Amadeus, Angelica, Goddess of Beauty, Valentine, Spring Watercolors, Apache Freеdom, Buckeye Extravaganza;
4. blue - Blue Mist, Blue Blood, Wedding Bouquet, Blue Dragon, Blue Danube;
5. white - Alice Blizzard Baths, Snow Lace, Bridal Bouquet;
6. purple - Currant dessert, Winter rose, Baltika;
7. red - Ataman, Bullfight, Gladiator, Spanish dance.

Popular varieties of violets:

• Return of love.
• Wedding.
• Aly's Crinolines.
• Antonia.
• Blackie Bryant.
• Boo Man.
• Coral Fantasy.
• Quilting Bee.
• Silver Romance.
• Optimara.
• Frosty cherry.
• Winter cherry.
• Ruffled Skies.
• Sunset Beach.
• First Date.
• Fire of the Ancestors.
• My Joy.
• Pink Panther.
• Lovely.
• Jan-Minuet.
• Bronze Horseman.
• Forest violet.
• Fairy.
• Greenhouse effect.
• Bubble Gum Charm.
• Feather.
• Frosty Frolic.
• Kaylih Marie.
• Pink Sensation.
• Playful Spectrum.
• Pretty N 'Pink.
• Phobos.
• Party Cloudy.
• Super Nature.
• Sora Addison Rose.
• RS-Emerald Coast.
• The Bird of Happiness.
• Broken Sky.
• RS-Siren.
• Snowy Edelweiss.
• Chanson.
• Blue fog.
• Isadora.
• Lunar Lily-white.
• Fruit Fly.
• Bridal Lady.

Sowing seeds and caring for forest violets

Seeds sprout three weeks after planting.Moreover, they can be sown in spring, summer and autumn. Only freshly harvested seeds are used, since they lose germination the next year.

You can grow seeds and seedlings. To do this, take ordinary leafy soil, add sand, peat and a little humus to it. Small achenes are spread simply over the loosened earth and lightly sprinkled. Then the site is moistened and covered with a film.

The only thing that is required after the seeds are in the ground is daily watering and airing until germination.

The field violet is easily propagated by seeds. It is easier and faster to breed a forest one by digging out budded rosettes of leaves. Do this after spring flowering. In autumn, before frost, plants may not have time to take root.

An adult bush is dug up and young rosettes with roots are selected, which will serve as planting material. Large ones are planted one at a time, small bushes - two at a time. The distance between the seedlings is 20-30 cm.

So, already in the second year, the forest violet will bloom in the garden or under the window.

The advantage of the plant is that it does not require constant careful care. The wild violet hibernates calmly without shelter, is drought-resistant. Prefers shaded areas of the garden, but can grow in sunny glades, if you do not forget to water it.

Viola reproduces well and self-seeding. In this she is assisted by garden ants, which take the seeds around the site.

Top dressing with ordinary humus infusion or complex fertilizers for flowering plants. But this is exactly the plant that is better to underfeed than overfeed. For better rooting, young shoots are mulched with light humus.

In shady places, viola flowers are paler, but flowering is longer. She does not like stagnant water in the soil - it starts to hurt. Therefore, it is better not to grow it in the lowlands.

The creeping nature of the shoots is advantageous on gentle slopes and alpine hills, where forest violets grow and form a flowering carpet.

We must be prepared for the fact that the plant can fill with itself more of the area allotted for it. In such cases, it will be necessary to remove the shoots by pinching or trimming, like a mustache on a garden strawberry.

Testimonials

Anastasia, Voronezh. “A compact bush, flowering with a head for the first time. The flower stalks are erect, the flowers stand upright for more than a month, and then they become thin, dried out, like paper ones. The second time it bloomed much paler, I thought something was wrong, but I asked the collector I bought it from, and it turned out that this first bloom was surprisingly bright for me. I do not like pale varieties, so I gave it to my friends. Everyone loves different things, but I need it to catch my eye. "

Violet pleases flower growers with its appearance.

Alexander, Tomsk. “I like the variety very much. Its gentle flowering just conquers me. The first buds were collected in a beautiful bouquet, and were quite bright in color. Starting from the second bookmark, the size of the flowers increased and the color became much paler, but this did not affect the border and ruffle. "

Marianna, Perm Territory. “I bought a baby SM-Forest Magic, I really love this color of flowers. She grew up with me quickly, and for the first time she bloomed by 8 months. The first buds were slightly smaller than I thought, and slightly brighter. When the flowers appeared the second time, I was very happy, because the shade was exactly what I wanted, and besides, it became larger. I put a pot of violets on the wick watering, and this gave good results. The rosette has slightly increased, but at the same time it has not lost its external parameters, and the flowers seem to have increased even more. "

History of appearance

The homeland of the violet is East Africa. In 1892, Baron Adalbert Saint-Paul noticed a flower among stones in one of the areas of Tanzania while enjoying a walk. His attention was attracted by the buds of a pleasant blue color with yellow splashes. The violet was in the crevice.

His father, Ulrich von Saint-Paul, possessed a collection of rare plants.The baron sent him the flower he found, and in 1893 the violet was shown for the first time at an exhibition. Thereafter breeders began to breed various varieties of this flower, differing in size and color.

Briefly about breeders

The names of Boris Mikhailovich and Tatyana Nikolaevna Makuni are known to all connoisseurs of violets. Having started breeding Saintpaulias in 1962, Macuni managed to obtain magnificent hybrids with various colors and original flower shapes in a relatively short time. The first domestic terry Saintpaulia "Natalie" was bred by the Makuni spouses.

Each variety obtained has a unique name.... The spouses loved to give their works names that had some meaning in them. Some Saintpaulias received names associated with family history, such as "Blaha-fly", "I will not give it to anyone!", "In memory of Tanya Makuni." There are about 300 varieties of Saintpaulias, bred by Makuni, many of which have received awards from domestic and foreign exhibitions.

In their work, breeders skillfully used the dominant traits for seed reproduction. The Makuni couple not only engaged in selection, but also kept detailed records of their work. This allowed them to identify promising directions and cut off dead-end crossing lines. Breeders published printed works on the description of new varieties, reproduction and care of violets.

For example, in one of the articles, the authors proposed options for soil mixes for Saintpaulias, tested by them in practice. The book by Macuni and Cleven Saintpaulia, which includes a description of botanical research and practical advice on growing and caring for plants, is now one of the most authoritative publications in the field.

Experts note that Boris Mikhailovich and Tatiana Nikolaevna laid the foundations of the Russian breeding school of Uzambar violets.

In 2005, at the exhibition dedicated to the 75th anniversary of B.M. Macuni, an award was established in his name for the best domestic breeders.

Diseases and pests

Incorrectly selected care leads to various diseases of violets. They are both infectious and non-infectious. Let's consider the most common ones.

Late blight

When affected by late blight, the leaves curl, the flowers droop, accompanied by the separation of the roots. The main culprits of this disease are:

• insufficient lighting;
• high humidity;
• low temperature.

Creating comfortable conditions will add strength to the violet, and she will cope with this ailment:

• treat the soil and the plant itself with Fitosporin;
• transplant into clean, disinfected soil with drainage;
• remove damaged roots and plant parts;
• increase illumination, maintain optimal temperature and humidity;
• it is advisable to root the unaffected upper leaves for growing a new flower.

Root rot

Excess moisture and lack of good drainage leads to the fact that the root system of Saintpaulia begins to die off. The leaves show the first signs of this disease. They droop and take on a dull appearance. The roots, when viewed, become soft and turn brown. Putrid fungi are formed, which destroy the plant. In this case, urgent action must be taken. Carefully remove the violet from the soil and rinse the roots from the old soil. In this case, remove already damaged roots. Purchase the drug Fitosporin and place the violet root system in it before planting in a new soil. It is not recommended to use the old soil in order to avoid re-infestation. Rinse the pot well or use a new one.

Brown rot

Disputes that cause this disease are found on thin and softened stems in young rosettes, planted stepsons and rooted cuttings. Traces of their spores can also be found on the soil under the leaves. This disease is contagious and can infect other plants.Measures should be taken at the first sign of detection:

• treat the soil with PhytoDoctor, Fitosporin or Trichodermin;
• treat leaves, stems and children with antifungal fungicides (Fundazol, Skor).

To avoid such a problem, you need to use some tips:

• rooting should be shallow;
• the soil should be specifically for violets;
• good drainage;
• watering is frequent, but not strong.

Stem rot

If improperly propagated, the plant can be damaged by rotting of the stems. The flower quickly dies and it is practically impossible to save such violets. There can be many reasons:

• pest attack on a young, immature plant;
• dirty and non-disinfected instrument;
• deep wounds that have not healed;
• stagnant water in young plantings;
• slices not treated with anti-fungal agents during reproduction.

Botrytis or gray rot

You can recognize the disease by the gray fluffy bloom on the leaves. In this case, the stems of the plant soften and weaken. If you do not pay attention to this, then over time, the violet is completely covered with a white bloom and dies. The cause of this ailment is the spores in the soil. Flower treatment consists of:

• immediate removal of all affected parts of Saintpaulia;
• treatment with fungicides for the treatment and prevention of disease.

To avoid this unpleasant misfortune, you must follow some care rules:

• protect from temperature drops;
• keep the distance between plants;
• when watering, exclude the ingress of water on the leaves and control the amount of watering;
• maintain optimal air humidity;
• exclude the formation of vapors on the walls of the dishes during breeding.

Powdery mildew

It can be real and false. If false, the stems and leaves of violets are covered with brown stains. The present is accompanied by white lesions on the leaves and stems. The cause of the infection lies in the soil. The disease can be brought home both with a new plant, and using old soil, or soil without treatment.

For control and prevention, you should:

• regularly remove dust on leaves and pots;
• create additional lighting;
• increase the room temperature;
• carry out additional feeding with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers;
• adjust humidity.

The violet is susceptible not only to many diseases, but also to the attack of harmful insects, which can cause its death.

Spider mites and cyclamen mites

These insects are carriers of infections and diseases. A spider mite can be recognized by red punctures on the sheets on which cobwebs are formed. Cyclamen leaves yellow marks, damaging stems and young leaves. When infested, insecticide treatment is recommended.

Aphid

The insect is very small greenish in color. Sucks juice from buds, leaves and petioles. The toxic substance spreads throughout the plant, slowing down its growth. In case of infection, the violet must be washed under water with soapy water. In case of severe sepsis, also rinse with insecticides.

Mealybugs

The first signs of damage: stunting, mushroom odor from the soil, discoloration of leaves to yellow or gray, decay of roots. Since insects multiply quickly, you should immediately treat the violet with insecticides.

Nematodes

A very small pest. If you find dark green spots on the leaves of Saintpaulia, which darken over time, it is worth resorting to methods of dealing with this insect. To begin with, you should remove the plant from the pot and inspect it, since the growing point begins to dry out first. For the fight, a complete replacement of the soil with a well-disinfected one is recommended. Treat the violet with insecticides at the initial stage. In a more neglected form, the flower is almost impossible to save.

Description and photos of popular varieties

Among the most popular varieties of the selection of Boris Mikhailovich and Tatyana Nikolaevna Makuni, one cannot but highlight the varieties:

• "Lel".
• Blue Delight.
• "Pink Tale".
• "Your Majesty."
• "Garnet bracelet".
• "Running on the waves".
• "Mistress of Copper Mountain".
• "Vologda lace".
• "Pirate".
• "Tatyana's Day".

In their breeding work, several lines can be distinguished:

1. Pink... It includes such varieties as: "Ah, Nastasya", "Young Lady", "Granddaughter", "Sweetie," Larisa "," Magic of Love ".
2. Dark... It is represented by varieties of burgundy and purple colors: "Dark Prince", "Mowgli", "Panther", "Magic", "Mtsyri".
3. Lilac... This includes varieties of blue and lilac shades: "Pirate", "Ra," Blue Treasure "," Lilac Excitement ".
4. White... The most common varieties include: "Tatiana's Day", "Vologda Lace. "White-winged seagull", "Snow Waltz", "In memory of Tanya Makuni", "I will not give it to anyone."

Possible diseases

In the process of growing, growers can face various types of diseases. The most important thing here is to notice the disease in time and take urgent measures.

• Root rot the most dangerous disease for a flower. It often appears at low temperatures and high humidity. The carrier of the disease is pathogenic fungi that can be stored in the ground for a long time. Infection starts from the roots.
• Phytophthora Is another dangerous mushroom. It enters the plant through the pistil or root hairs.
• Plaque of white - witness to downy mildew. A very unpleasant disease that occurs with improper care.
• Decay of leaf stalks Is another rare disease. It appears as a result of contact with moss or in extreme heat.

Often, some diseases appear due to improper care. For example, rot can occur as a result of over-watering, which leads to root rot.

Photo

Here are photos of a forest violet.

Application in traditional medicine

The plant contains large quantities of essential oils, flavonoid, vitamins A, C, E, fats, carotene. Because of the alkaloids it contains, it is poisonous. Therefore, it should be used with caution in home medicine. It is best to consult your doctor.

Forest violet helps in the treatment of folk remedies for many diseases:

1. Febrifuge.
2. Decoction gargle with inflammation.
3. Promotes the separation of phlegm from the respiratory tract.
4. Heals headache.
5. It has a diuretic effect.
6. Has disinfecting properties.
7. Hemostatic - for women with complications after childbirth and during menopause.
8. Antiallergenic, helps with diathesis in children.
9. Antirheumatic (in the form of compresses)

In aromatherapy, the smell of violets soothes the nerves, even helps with excitability, hysteria, seizures. Increases vitality and immunity.

In cosmetology, violet oil smoothes wrinkles, heals cracks and chapped lips. In high concentrations, the extract from violets is poisonous. Therefore, the use of preparations based on violets should be used with caution and kept out of the reach of children.

White semi-double flowers, similar to water lilies with lilac fragments, decorated with white peas. The leaves are light green, simple. Standard.

Horned violet (Viola cornuta)

Especially loved in Europe. She comes from the highlands of France, Spain, Italy. In culture since 1776

Horned violet. Photo from the site ru.wikipedia.org

It is a creeping rhizome evergreen perennial 15 cm high and 40 cm wide, giving dense rugs. Violet, lilac, blue flowers with a small yellow eye and a characteristic horn-shaped spur bloom from May (mass flowering) and during the summer (singly). Blooms profusely: 1 plant can have up to 60 flowers.

Horned violet 'Alba Minor'. Photo from gaissmayer.de

Decorative form:

• var. minor - up to 7 cm high, up to 20 cm wide, flowers are smaller, 15-2 cm in diameter, from white to lavender-blue.

Planting and growing

• The seeds are sown freshly harvested. Planting can be carried out at any time of the year, except for winter.The first shoots begin after three weeks.
• The soil for violets requires nutritious, loose, loamy soil. The seeds are spread out over the surface and lightly covered with earth. Direct rays of the sun should not fall on the future flower. Further, everything is covered with a film.
• Watering the seeds is carried out daily.
• Also, do not forget about regular ventilation.
• Although the violet is a persistent flower, in intense heat it requires increased soil moisture.

Also violet propagates by leaf... To do this, you need one healthy leaf, without any damage:

1. It is taken from the second row from the bottom. It needs to be cut with a sharp blade at a 45 degree angle.
2. The leaf is rooted in boiled water poured into a container.
3. When the roots reach a length of 2 centimeters, the leaf is planted in peat to a depth of 1 centimeter.
4. Then watered and covered with foil.
5. After a few months, babies will appear. When 2-3 pairs of leaves grow on them, they are planted.

Only a healthy leaf is the key to successful cultivation... If the cultivation will take place with the help of seeds, then they also need to be carefully examined and the best ones selected.

Care features

Flowers growing indoors should be taken outside from time to time for ventilation and fresh air. You only need to fertilize the plant once every few weeks. Leaf compost works well as a top dressing, but don't overdo it with fertilizer.

The forest violet is a humble flower and likes to hide in the shade. However, it can also grow in a sunny place with proper moisture. It tolerates winter cold and slight drought well. Just two years will be enough for the plant to grow to an area of ​​one square meter. Although the violet easily tolerates heat, it still needs watering. At the seedling stage, the forest violet requires constant watering..

Method 2. Breeding violets with peduncles

To preserve all the delights of varietal violets (the shape of petals and leaves, their amazing shades), you need the following rooting method.

• The most powerful and beautiful peduncle is selected from the outlet. At a distance of 1.5 cm from the leaves of the bracts, it is carefully cut off, the flowers are removed. Then, in order to prevent, all sections are lightly sprinkled with charcoal powder.
• In a container (preferably transparent), the peduncle is placed on a layer of dry moss of 2 cm, and sprinkled with soil by 2-2.5 cm on top (about its composition a little later). You need to deepen it up to the stipules.
• The top layer is moistened, while the peat layer must remain permanently dry. A transparent container will allow you to comply with this condition and regulate watering.
• To create a greenhouse effect, the pot is covered with a bag, which is removed for watering. Everything is placed in a warm and bright place. It takes a long time (a month or more) to wait for young leaves to appear in the axils.
• As soon as new roots are formed and rosettes appear, the package can be removed, accustoming the plant to normal conditions. Watering is still not necessary often, only the top layer.
• A rosette of 4-6 leaves can be transplanted into a pot.

The use of perennial violets in the country

Grown in the country as ground cover plants:

• f. fragrant;
• f. labrador;
• f. white.

Grown as accent spots on the lawn:

• f. fragrant;
• f. labrador;
• f. white;
• f. Altai;
• f. tiny.

Look luxurious in spring in rocky gardens:

• f. fragrant;
• f. labrador;
• f. white;
• f. Altai;
• f. tiny;
• f. Manchurian;
• f. moth and others.

Fragrant violet among stones. Photo from the site

They feel great near reservoirs and bloom profusely:

• f. swamp;
• f. moth;
• f. bald.

A low border from f. Will be very nice and attractive. labrador, or f. moth, planted along the garden path leading to the recreation area. More sophisticated and demanding types and varieties of violets are best placed in containers, wide low or high garden vases.

How the violet Olesya reproduces

For violets, different methods of propagation are used: by seeds, as well as vegetative propagation by dividing the bush and propagation by cuttings.

Cutting propagation is most often used, since it is the simplest. Here, a leaf is taken from an adult healthy plant at an angle, which is placed in a glass of water or immediately into the prepared soil. The tool used to cut off the sheet must be clean, decontaminated and sharp. The cut points are treated with coal powder. After the cutting takes root in the water, it must be moved into the soil. For reproduction, you need to choose a leaf from the middle of the plant. Do not take too young and too old leaves.

To propagate a crop by dividing the bush, care must be taken not to damage the fragile root system of the violet. Usually, only experienced gardeners propagate the plant by dividing the bush. First, the bush must be properly watered, then carefully remove it from the pot and separate the formed outlet. Each plant is planted in a separate container. If the outlet is too small, you can use a glass for the first time.

Violet seeds are rarely propagated, since they are rarely sold in specialized stores. However, if you decide to grow a plant from seeds, then you need to prepare a special soil for violets and also pre-soak the seeds. The soil must be shed with a special solution containing a fungicide. The seeds are buried about 2 cm into the soil. The spacing between the seeds should also be 2 cm. After sowing, it is necessary to create greenhouse conditions. To do this, you can cover the box with glass or polyethylene. Then the container with the seedlings must be placed in a warm room protected from light and be patient, since the seeds germinate for a long time. But this method also has an advantage, since the plant will grow exactly the same as an adult mother bush.

Forcing for winter flowering

Fitting the plant for winter flowering is done so that the flower will delight the owners with abundant flowering even in the cold season. Correct distillation produced like this:

• In the fall, violets are planted in boxes and left in the greenhouse for at least a month;
• At the next stage, the plants must be transferred to comfortable conditions (the air temperature must be at least 10 degrees with a plus sign.

ATTENTION! If the distillation was carried out correctly, the violet will bloom in a month.

Biological description

Violet is one of the most beautiful and popular indoor plants that bloom all year round. Saintpaulia does not have a single stem and has a shallow root system. It is a rosette of leaves that is attached to the root system.

Leaves are leathery, fleecy, broadly oval in shape. The length reaches 8 cm. Depending on the variety, the color varies from light green to dark green, there are also specimens with white leaf plates, variegated or with a border. On the inside, the color may be magenta. The leaf type is divided into female and male. The female type has a light spot at the base of the leaf plate, while the male type has a uniform color. The edge is wavy, serrated or even.

Flowers are small and numerous. Collected in brush inflorescences. Their diameter ranges from 3 to 8 cm. The color of the petals is varied, it can be either one-color or two-color or multi-color. A huge number of bred varieties can surprise with a border, spots or stripes of different colors on flowers. Terry, semi-double or simple along the edge can be corrugated, wavy, fringed.

The fruit is a box with small seeds.

INTERESTING: On one flower, it can dissolve from several dozen to several hundred flowers!

Distinctive features of varieties bred by Boris Mikhailovich and Tatiana Makuni

Florists note the neatness and compactness of the outlets in the varieties of Makuni breeders.Also, everyone agrees that when propagated by cuttings, varieties convey varietal characteristics well, there are almost no sports, and the flowers on the same plant are similar to each other, like twins. All these are signs of high quality breeding work.

Boris Mikhailovich and Tatyana Nikolaevna Makuni are at the forefront of the domestic selective breeding of Saintpaulias. They started when the simple pink or terry violet was new, not to mention the two-tone or fancy colors. Breeders have done a great job, including the popularization of Saintpaulias in the vastness of the former USSR.

selo.

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