How many days after sowing tomato seeds sprout, terms and conditions for germination

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The time it takes for the pepper to germinate from the moment the seeds are planted depends on many factors. An important role is played by the timing of sowing, the condition of the soil and the seed itself. Consider how many days the pepper rises after sowing.

How many days does pepper germinate

After how many days do tomato seedlings appear at home?

When, how the sown tomatoes will sprout depends on many factors. This is the condition of the seeds, and the variety, and the saturation of the soil with useful components. Humidity, illumination, air and soil temperature are also important. On average, this is 6-10 days. Affects germination and seed treatment.

The following circumstances are distinguished, to one degree or another, affecting the germination of a tomato:

1. Temperature conditions. An indicator of 21 degrees on the Celsius scale is empirically derived. Decrease is able to suspend seedlings, make them wait for the best, from their point of view, times.
2. Waterlogged soil. The second most important criterion. It is related to the permeability of the soil for the oxygen required by the seeds. A high percentage of moisture has a detrimental effect on the embryos, they "suffocate".
3. Wrong choice of planting depth. Trying to overcome the extra centimeters of soil, the germinating seed loses precious hours and minutes. The “correct” depth corresponds approximately to 3 times the height of the seed. Sometimes excessive deepening happens spontaneously, due to the fact that the soil was watered after sowing (and not before it), having driven the seed into the soil.
4. Orientation to standardized terms, clearly tied to the culture, variety, climatic zone.
5. An error in choosing the distance between seedlings. It is also able to affect the shift in the timing of emergence; closely spaced seeds deafen each other, interfere with normal spitting.
6. Fertilization. Recently, pelleting is often used - supplying the seed with a supply of minerals, allowing it to fully develop. But this useful method also has a downside - slowing growth at an early stage.

Preprocessed

On sale more and more often come across strange seeds that resemble granules or dragees in appearance. These are the same germs of vegetable crops, only enclosed in a shell of gluten mixed with complex mineral fertilizers. Such treatment increases germination, if not for one "but".

To form a shell, the seed dries up and loses moisture. This means that in order to then ascend normally, it will be necessary to again bring the moisture content of the seed to a certain indicator by nature. How long it will take - a day, two or several hours - is difficult to say. It also happens that pelleting reduces germination to zero.

Unprocessed

A "normal" seed is considered to grow from the moment of planting, immediately after sowing. But this is theory, and in practice, germination depends on temperature, humidity, seed viability. This indicator is different for different varieties of tomatoes, and it should not be the same. The specific terms of germination are influenced by the composition, structure of the soil, the presence of the required minerals, trace elements, permeability to moisture and air.

Why it is necessary to wait for the emergence of seedlings from seeds

Many novice gardeners are perplexed as to why germinate tomato seeds if this process takes a lot of time and effort. But if we throw a seed into the ground that has been kept dry for some time, no one can guarantee that it will sprout at a certain moment.

What are the disadvantages of sowing untreated tomato seeds:

• pronounced unevenness of the shoots;
• a longer period of time will pass before the first shoots appear;
• predisposition to frequent illnesses and infections.

The process of germinating seeds affects the yield of tomatoes - on average, the volume of vegetables grown can increase by 30%.

To increase the chances of getting healthy and strong seedlings and to avoid infection with infections, it is necessary to carry out a number of special measures, which include increasing resistance to various diseases, the process of selection, soaking in water and germination of seeds.

What determines the rate of seed germination

The topic of tomato germination, after what time the seeds germinate, worries summer residents. After all, the timing of planting seedlings in the ground depends on this, the term for obtaining ripe juicy fruits. It is no coincidence that before planting, the seed is carefully sorted, separating weak, non-viable grains from large and healthy ones. Experienced gardeners scrupulously select soil mixtures for seedlings, realizing that this will determine the timing of growth and harvest.

It is equally important to observe the optimal combination of humidity and temperature, and when the seedlings hatch - illumination.

The quality of the planting material

Much has already been said about the selection of seeds, but apparently not enough. If the stake is on purchased material, then it must be of the highest quality. Be sure to comply with the future "place of residence" (region) in terms of climatic zone, ripening dates. If "homemade preparations" are used, that is, seeds from tomatoes collected on their site, then they are dried, sorted, not forgetting about the criticality of storage times.

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The seed loses its quality over time. The same applies to purchased seeds, the expiration date of which is indicated on the packaging. On average, fresh, annual germinates in 4 days, three-year-olds - in 7. Overdried seed will sprout in about 10 days. The finer, more painful the material, the lower its chances of germinating.

What kind of soil is needed

In fact, everything that is present (or absent) in the soil affects the future plant, its growth, size and taste of the fruit. Acidity of not more than 6.5 units according to the standard pH module is one of the fundamental success factors. By nature, sandy loams will be more suitable than loams. Excessively "greasy" soil is diluted with river sand.

Be sure to introduce organic matter - compost or humus. The fertilization is carried out carefully, making sure that the fertilizer is rotted. Of the minerals, superphosphates, potassium complexes are suitable. And necessarily loosening, digging up the soil to provide oxygen access to the seeds and the future root system.

Germination conditions

It is very important for future tomatoes to provide the required conditions for the development of the embryo. These are temperature (in "cold" soil, the development time slows down), humidity regime, illumination of seedlings, as well as soil density. Failure to comply with at least one of the conditions will immediately affect the result.

Temperature: table of the germination rate of tomato seeds at different temperatures

The germination time of planted seeds is determined in different ways: according to the forecasts of agronomists or with the help of verified data. To find out how tomatoes develop, how to control the process using the temperature of the environment, it is easy to use the table:

As you can see from the above data, tomato seeds germinate faster at temperatures up to 25 degrees Celsius. This is one of the ways to accelerate the development of seedlings, to get seedlings ahead of time.

Humidity

The saturation of the soil (and seed shell) with moisture affects the germination rate, this is a fact. Here, balance is important so that the tomato growing from the embryo does not dry out, but, at the same time, the earthen mixture is not too saturated with moisture. Otherwise, rotting, development of diseases is possible. An indicator of 70% is considered optimal, you cannot go below it.

Lighting

Plants need light to power their chlorophyll-producing biochemical factory. Tomatoes are light-loving species that especially require dosed solar energy. Without it, seedlings will not grow, ripe, healthy fruits will not develop. Therefore, as soon as the seedlings hatch, the first leaves will appear, the plant will need light. Its level is ensured using natural (sun) or artificial (lamps, lamps) sources.

Temperature regime

The germination rate of tomato seeds directly depends on the ambient temperature:

• at 25 ... 30 ° C the first shoots will appear 3-4 days after sowing;
• at 20 ... 25 ° C green loops will appear from the ground in 5-7 days;
• if the temperature in the room is kept at the level of 10 ... 15 ° C, the seedlings will have to wait 2 weeks.

With the appearance of young green shoots, the ambient temperature is lowered to 14 ... 16 ° C so that the seedlings do not stretch out, and additional artificial lighting is arranged for the growing seedlings.

Preparing the seeds

In the early stages of ensuring the readiness of tomatoes for crop production, it is imperative to prepare the seed. It must be viable, of high quality, with good germination. To avoid common mistakes novice gardeners make, it is enough to use the algorithm below.

What you need to know about choosing seeds

The seed of the seed is different. This applies to the variety (early, medium, late), compliance with the region, shelf life, size. Tomatoes for the southern regions in the Urals may not grow, and greenhouse tomatoes will not take well in the open field. Therefore, first carefully study the "pedigree" of the tomato: the conditions of fruiting, the compliance of this variety with the proposed climatic conditions, the shelf life.

Seeds obtained from random sources will give unpredictable results: from zero to infinity. The same applies to seed that is too old. In general, you should not save on the quality of the seed.

Expiry date check

The seed life (ability to germinate) is several years. But at the same time, annuals germinate better than three-year-olds. It is easy to check this indicator: the data is always indicated on the package.

Difference between good and bad seed

To the uninitiated, it seems that all seeds are the same. Whatever it is. Good ones will certainly sprout, and bad ones, most likely, will turn out to be dummies. They also differ externally - in size, shape, color. It is easy to check seed germination even at home, without special equipment.

How to check the germination of tomato seeds

The products of well-known manufacturers do not need advertising, as well as verification: out of two dozen seeds, a maximum of one or two will not sprout. These are high rates. But what if the germination of seeds is in doubt (unknown)?

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The simplest test with immersion in a weak saline solution will give a definite answer. Heavy and healthy seeds will sink, and empty ones will rise to the surface. You can do the same using potassium permanganate. If there is nothing at all at hand, the seeds are thrown into clean water and after 20 minutes the result is summed up.

The longest-lasting method is based on germination: the seeds are spread on a clean cloth or cotton pads. And then, in fact, germination is determined.

When should you start worrying?

If the seeds did not even begin to hatch after 12 - 17 days, then the gardener should worry. It will be advisable to "dig" a small area in order to personally see the degree of development of sprouts. In the absence of any signs of germination, the seeds must be sown. Of course, you first need to analyze the situation and answer your question: "Why did the seeds not sprout?"

If you comply with all the necessary requirements for the process of seed preparation and sowing, set out in the article, then you should not worry about the emergence of seedlings.

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How to process grains before planting

If you need to quickly grow high-quality seedlings, you will have to use seed treatment methods. The simplest technique involves soaking. Nothing complicated, just immerse the seed in clean water for a day (no longer). Processing in potassium permanganate allows you to disinfect, and at the same time increase the chances of success. Special growth stimulants (Epin, Energen, Immunocytofit, aloe juice) will also come in handy.

Soaking in thawed (frozen water) helps a lot. So it is possible to bring back to life even old, hopelessly dried seeds. Bubbling (oxygenation) is also used. To do this, the seeds are dipped in a container of water and treated with a pump similar to an aquarium.

Disinfection

It is carried out using a weak solution of potassium permanganate or treatment with a special preparation. The advantage of the first option is that it is completely harmless to humans, and helps the plant to strengthen, get rid of spores and microorganisms.

Hardening

The method consists in processing pre-selected, viable seeds with cold. Temperature is in direct proportion to the type of plant. For tomatoes, this is a day. Swollen seeds are first kept for 18 hours at temperatures ranging from plus 1 to minus 30 degrees, then another 6 hours at 15-18 degrees above zero. The method is effective, but if it fails, the seeds will be hopelessly spoiled.

Soak

Uncomplicated, but effective action will increase the germination of tomatoes. The seeds are immersed in water for 24 hours. A good result is obtained by processing not with ordinary water, but with structured water. To do this, you need to freeze it in the refrigerator, and then re-melt it. Pre-selected tomato seeds are kept in the resulting liquid.

Germination

The old, proven way. The seeds are laid out on a damp cloth (cotton pads) and wait for pecking. Then they are planted in the ground.

About germination

Germination is the number of seedlings compared to the volume of sown material. The ability of seeds to give high-quality seedlings depends on it, and in the future a high yield. There can be no 100% germination. Moreover, sweet bell peppers are a capricious culture.

Vegetable seeds remain viable for 3-4 years. She shows the highest percentage in the first year. Therefore, it is worth buying only fresh seed. You also need to pay attention to the company that produced them. The preference should be given to the more famous and proven one.

Pepper seeds of different varieties germinate in different ways. In order to choose a variety, you need to carefully study the characteristics of the species desired for planting. This will greatly facilitate the choice and give knowledge about what to expect from them. The seeds are checked and improved before sowing. The germination rate of the 1st class must be at least 80% - this corresponds to the state standard. Seeds of the 2nd class can also go on sale (indicator 60%).

Why tomatoes do not sprout

If something went wrong, the tomatoes did not sprout, then you need to look for the reason. Sometimes "long" is an abstract concept, especially if the seeds are old or one of the important conditions is not met - moisture, soil composition, temperature, immersion depth, and others. How much time it takes for a seed to germinate depends on its viability, the availability of nutrients, and the variety of tomatoes.

Seed contamination

Sick, infected seeds obviously take longer to germinate, developing into weak plants. Therefore, at the preliminary stage of preparation, sorting, treatment with potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide is used.

Dense soil

A thick cover of the soil mixture, which inhibits growth, is another reason for slower seedlings. This can be avoided by thoroughly crushing the soil before planting.

Sowing too deep

An old gardener rule is that the sowing depth is equal to three times the size of the seed. Sometimes this happens by accident, if watering did not occur before planting (as recommended by all sources, experts), but after.

Low temperature

Violation of the temperature regime also leads to a deviation from the timing of germination. If this figure is close to 10 degrees, the seed may not sprout at all. Therefore, it is not recommended to lower the temperature below plus 12.

Mistakes for novice gardeners in care

Growing pepper seedlings is a complex process, on which the volume of the future harvest directly depends. At this stage of plant development, it is easy to make mistakes that lead to the death of the entire planting. Experienced gardeners recommend observing the sowing time, using ready-made substrates for planting and using only store-bought stimulants and top dressing. This avoids an imbalance in the chemical composition, which adversely affects the development of seedlings.

Why seedlings disappear and die after germination after planting

Seedlings have weak immunity, they can die against the background of many factors. The main reasons why seedlings wither:

• insufficient or excessive soil moisture;
• infection with diseases, pests;
• poor quality planting material;
• lack of lighting in the room;
• non-observance of the temperature regime.

Often, seedlings die after hypothermia. In the first month of growing pepper, drafts and exposure to low temperatures should be avoided.

Pepper seedlings are strongly elongated after sprouting

There are two main reasons for stretching pepper seedlings - an excess of nitrogen in the soil, growing plants in a dark place. If you notice that the stem is forming too quickly, and the leaves are small, you should adjust the amount of lighting. It is advisable to abandon fertilizing with nitrogen compounds, use only phosphorus-potassium mixtures as fertilizers. In rare cases, the pepper is pulled out during a thickened planting, in such a situation it is enough to thin out the seedlings. This link will tell you about planting hot peppers for seedlings.

Humidity

Crops are watered very carefully, since fragile tomato seedlings are prone to decay. Overdo it with watering - and the seedlings will die, not having time to emerge from the ground. If the soil in the container holds moisture well, the seedlings may not be watered until the seedlings develop their first true leaf. If the surface layer of the soil has dried up, it should be sprayed, avoiding drops from falling on the stems of the seedlings.

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