Onions are the basis of many dishes and a cure for many ailments "in one bottle." Many people in our country use it for cooking (for soups, main courses, pickling, salads, etc.). He is also a favorite of adherents of traditional medicine, and this is not surprising, because it contains useful vitamins, trace elements, it strengthens the immune system and helps prevent many ailments. Correct planting of seedlings in the garden is very important for a large and tasty harvest. This article will tell you how to plant onions on the head in open ground in the spring.
What is sevok? Sevok is the name of onion planting material. It is obtained as follows: the seeds of this culture are planted and in the first year a small onion grows, which is called a set, it is used for planting to get onions for consumption.
You can also find the expression planting onions on a turnip (or on a head) is the same as planting sets.
Where is it better to plant onion sets?
When choosing a site for planting onion sets, you need to pay attention to many different nuances and features.
- The place should be as sunny as possible. This culture needs an abundance of sunlight and warmth. Shaded areas are not suitable for seeding, it will slowly ripen there and can simply rot.
- The moisture content of the earth is average - this is ideal for onions. He loves moisture, but with an abundance of water, a turnip can begin to rot, and a lack of water leads to inhibition of development.
- There should be as few weeds as possible. Weed plants not only draw all nutrients and moisture from the ground, but can also contribute to the curvature of onions. So you need to select the site as clean as possible or prepare for the fact that during the ripening of the onion, you will need to remove weeds every week.
The landing site should be as sunny as possible.
- Planting onion sets should be carried out in the place where zucchini, pumpkin, cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes, and legumes previously grew.
- It is best to place cabbage, beets, greens, carrots next to onion sets. But the neighborhood with beans and peas is best avoided.
- If desired, you can create a combined bed. Onions grow well and quickly together with carrots, radishes, herbs. These crops "help" each other to develop rapidly, driving away harmful insects.
- On loamy soil, onions grow sharper and have a rich taste. On sandy loam soil, it just ripens quickly. But on clay and sandy it is best not to grow it at all. Seedlings will be rare, the harvest will be scarce.
- The earth should not be sour. If the acidity is increased, liming is carried out. 200-700 g of lime is taken per square meter, depending on the acidity level. But it is worth considering that after adding lime on the site, you can plant onions only after a year.
Good seeds are the key to a good harvest
In specialized stores, you can find a variety of onion seeds from different companies. Even an experienced summer resident sometimes finds it difficult to decide what to choose.
How to choose the right seeds when buying
Before buying, it is worth deciding which cultural properties are most important for the gardener:
- Good appearance and special taste of future fruits.
- The time period for the ripening of the crop.
- Plant resistance to diseases.
- The possibility of growing in the region.
Onion seeds - small and black, often referred to simply as "nigella"
It is recommended to read the literature or look for information on the Internet about the variety of interest. For example, Exhibition, Stuttgarter, Shallot, Batun have different characteristics and cultivation characteristics. Reviews of other summer residents about different types of crops, methods of cultivation and care will also help.
How to grow onions for seeds yourself
Getting onion seeds yourself is easy. To do this, you need to perform a few simple steps:
- The healthiest and largest bulbs are selected.
- In the spring, they are planted, after adding a small amount of humus to the hole.
- It is important to monitor plantings, fertilize in time and carry out loosening and weeding.
- After the onion arrow appears, it is tied to a peg and closed so that birds do not damage it.
- After the flower stalks start to turn yellow, they are cut and hung to ripen in a dry place.
- Seeds are carefully shaken out of the dried flower head and packaged in paper bags.
The events are quite simple, even a beginner can perform them, the main thing is to follow all the rules.
Onions ripen in inflorescences that form on the arrows
Benefits of spring planting
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There are a lot of opinions about when to plant onion sets. Some gardeners are in favor of spring sowing, others prefer to carry out the procedure in the fall. To say for sure when it is impossible to do it better - every gardener should try both methods for himself and decide which one is better. To help, one can only imagine the advantages of spring and autumn planting. So, what are the advantages of sowing seedlings in the spring?
Spring crops give higher yields than autumn crops
- Spring is the traditional time for planting onion sets. Many generations have planted onions in this way and have successfully grown them. So the first positive side is the testing of the method.
- In the spring, you can sow large onion sets, which eventually form large tsibuli heads. It is also much more suitable for producing a green feather. Feathers ripen much faster in large planting material. They are rich in color, healthy, dense, juicy.
- It is known that spring crops yield higher yields than autumn crops. So for sale onions are usually sown in spring. It's just beneficial.
- The quality of the crop is always high if properly cared for.
- Onions, sown in spring, have a rich vitamin composition, they are distinguished by an abundance of nutrients in the composition.
As for the disadvantages, it is worth noting only that with such crops there will be more work. Onions can be characterized by low frost resistance, begin to freeze out during recurrent frosts, and pests and diseases can often precipitate it. Yet this method is more popular.
Preparation of planting material
To get a good harvest, it is necessary to process the onions before planting. First of all, the bulbs are moved. For planting, only healthy bulbs, on the surface of which there is no damage, can be used.
Further, the preparation of planting material must be carried out using the instructions:
- The selected set is sorted by size. This is necessary for the onion to grow evenly.
- The planting material is left to dry at a temperature of 35 degrees for 3 days. If it is not possible to dry the onion in this way, it must be calcined in the oven at a temperature of 40 degrees. The cooking time in the oven is 4 hours.
- Then the sevok is immersed in the ost stimulator for 8 hours.
- The bulbs are removed from the fertilizer and immersed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 10 minutes.
- Then the planting material is rinsed and used for planting.
Such processing and soaking of onions before planting activates metabolic processes in the bulbs, improves their germination, and protects against diseases.
See also
Description of the Sturon onion variety, features of cultivation and careRead
How to plant onion sets in spring?
The land for the spring planting of onion sets is fertilized in the fall. To do this, 5 kg of humus, 8 kg of compost, 500 g of wood ash, as well as 20 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium chloride per square meter are introduced under deep digging.
If the autumn fertilization of the land was not carried out, you can do it in the spring. Spring fertilization of the soil is carried out 2-3 weeks before planting. The same components are introduced, only the concentration can be reduced by 1.5-2 times. Also to this mixture is added 20 g of ammonium nitrate per square meter. After fertilizing, the soil is loosened and rows are made in it.
Rapid growth preparations
The spring planting time can be quite specific. It is carried out when the ground warms up to +12 degrees to a depth of 6-10 cm. So you need to focus only on the weather. Planting onion sets at an earlier time, in cold ground, will not bring anything good - the bulbs will freeze, and no processing will help here.
Before planting, you can spray the bulbs with a solution of potassium permanganate or special purchased preparations for rapid growth: Epin, Kornevin, Zircon, Biostim, etc.
Onion sets are planted in spring to a depth of 2-4 cm, it is no longer necessary for it to germinate faster. 15-25 cm are left between the individual furrows, and the bulbs are placed at a distance of 7-8 cm from each other. After planting, you can slightly moisten the ground. Now all that remains is to properly care for the crops in order to get a rich harvest.
Onion varieties for growing turnip onions in 1 season
To obtain a large turnip in 1 season, you need to use one- or low-ear sweet or semi-sharp varieties and early hybrids. Their vegetative period does not exceed 110-130 days from sowing to harvest. In multi-primordial cultivars, the bulbs are highly deformed during annual cultivation.
Of the onion varieties, you can recommend "Strigunovsky", "Early pink", "Annual Siberian", "Odintsovets", Danilovsky 301, "Amphora", "Lyubchik", "Mavka", "Veselka", "The globe" and etc.
Good yields are formed by small-ear penis-sharp onion varieties: "Kaba", "Karatalsky", "Krasnodarsky 35" and etc.
In the central regions of Russia, they provide a high-quality harvest of early or mid-season varieties and hybrids of onions: "Chalcedony", "Lukich", "Sissy", "Grandfather", Denver, Alonso F1, "Bennito F1".
Of the hybrids of foreign-made onions, it is better to use early ripening fruitful Spirit F1, "Stardust F1", "Red Baron", "Exhibition F1", "Candy F1", Sterling F1, Copra F1, Dayton F1 and etc.
Strigunovsky onions. <>
Onion "Karatalsky". <>
Onion "Exibishen F1". <>
What are the benefits of autumn planting?
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Planting onion sets in autumn has many positive aspects.
- Small sets are usually sold in autumn. This may seem like a disadvantage, however, small seed usually does not give an arrow, and if it does, it will not happen soon. There are few shooters, which means that there is much less work for the gardener.
- When planting in autumn, the crop can be harvested in July! This significantly saves autumn time, when the already abundant harvest requires processing and storage. It also allows you to grow some more early maturing crops before the onset of frost.
Planting onion sets in autumn has many positive aspects.
- Thanks to an early harvest, you can earn good money, because such an onion will cost much more than the usual autumn one.
- Such a bow "suffers" less from the onion fly, since by the time of its appearance (in the spring), it is already quite strong.
- Stored very well. In the summer, you can dry it well in the sun, there is little precipitation at this time, so there is an opportunity to thoroughly prepare it for long, winter storage.
- It is also worth noting that the autumn planting of onion sets saves time in spring, when there is already a lot of things to do in the garden.
It is also worth highlighting the shortcomings so that gardeners fully understand what to expect when planting onion sets for the winter. A small set does not produce a large turnip. From such crops, it is possible to collect at best a medium-sized tsibuli head. It's not always a bad thing, but it may not please everyone.
Greens from small seedlings are frail, weak at first, a little later, of course, it gets stronger, becomes more developed, juice and vitamins are gained, but at first, after its appearance, it is not recommended to cut it for food.
Chinese way of growing bulbs
In addition to the traditional cultivation method, there is also a Chinese one. Growing large onions from planting material was invented by the Chinese by forming ridges, not ridges. The ridges are formed so that they rise 15–20 centimeters above the ground, with a distance of at least 30 centimeters between them. Instructions for planting onions in the Chinese way:
- The prepared sevok is immersed in the ridges 2-3 centimeters deep, covered with earth, and compacted a little.
- The comb is poured with water.
- Then the soil is loosened.
It is best to plant onions in the Chinese way early in the morning to protect them from the sun's rays.This planting method allows you to grow a rich harvest of large, fully ripe and fully formed bulbs.
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Planting onion sets in the fall, before winter
Planting onion sets in the fall for the winter also presupposes timely fertilization of the soil. For this, the same fertilizers are used and in the same concentration as during the spring procedure, only ammonium nitrate cannot be applied so that the onions do not start to sprout ahead of time.
In autumn, before winter, thermophilic varieties of onions should not be sown. They will simply freeze over the winter. Ideal for this sowing time are the following varieties: "Stuttgarter Riesen", "Arzamasskiy", "Bessonovskiy", "Strigunovskiy", "Danilovskiy".
Ideal varieties of onion sets for sowing before winter
It is necessary to plant onion sets before winter only at a certain time. In the middle lane it is October 5-20. In the southern regions, this period can be shifted closer to November, since frosts do not come early there. In the northern regions, it is desirable to finish all planting at the end of September.
To process onion sets before planting for the winter, if necessary, then very carefully. Gardeners with experience always plant dry material before winter, since there is a high risk that the abundance of moisture under the husk will lead to freezing of the bulbs, and not their germination. And there is no particular sense in processing. In autumn, pests hide and onions are not the best shelter for them (only rare insects can take out the smell of onions). Fast germination at this time is also not necessary, so it is better to refrain from processing and plant a simple, unprocessed, but beautiful, sorted, undamaged onion sets.
It is necessary to plant onions before winter in furrows to a depth of 5 cm and with a distance of 6-7 cm. Between the rows, leave a place of 15 cm, no more. To prevent the crops from freezing, they cover the top of the beds with straw, dry plant stems, sawdust, and peat. Watering is not worth it, there will be enough rains, and all maintenance work should be postponed until spring.
The best varieties and hybrids
It is important to know that onions are hypersensitive to the length of daylight hours, therefore, for planting it, you need to choose zoned varieties or achieve local selection.As for the varieties that are bred in the north of Russia, in the south, with a short daylight hours, they may not form a bulb.
When creating a collection of onion varieties at your summer cottage, you must definitely diversify it. Spicy varieties are characterized by high keeping quality and excellent productivity. Peninsular and sweet have excellent taste.
A rich harvest can be obtained by planting an old local variety of onions. In various regions, Strigunovsky, Rostov local, Bessonovsky, Spassky, Timiryazevsky received popular fame. These varieties are fairly well zoned and are in great demand among summer residents throughout Central Russia and beyond.
