Urea - fertilizer, use in the garden, in the garden, benefits, effectiveness

All summer residents and gardeners know about the need to use fertilizers. We are now interested in urea, fertilizer. Application in the garden in what form, what concentration will benefit our plants? Even beginners are aware of it, its wide range of action, effectiveness and low cost. Urea is urea, it is urea. These are different names for the same nitrogen fertilizer.

In the food industry, this chemical compound is known as a flavor enhancer, food additive E927b (as an example, it is used in the production of chewing gum, in the production of animal feed). That is, small doses of it are harmless to humans. Urea is also used in medicine and perfumery.

Urea contains 46% nitrogen, which is necessary for vegetable and flower crops. Plants grow more actively from nitrogen feeding, the foliage becomes more luxuriant, acquires a rich juicy shade. This fertilizer can feed both greenhouse plantings and those growing in open ground.

Urea granules, photo:

What is liquid urea and what is it for?

This type of feeding is a product formed at the final stage of the protein metabolism process. In fact, it is an artificially synthesized organic preparation. Urea is a mineral supplement for both horticultural crops and garden plants, containing a high concentration of nitrogen. This element makes up over 40 percent of the total composition of the top dressing. Nitrogen is essential for the healthy development and growth of plants. With a lack of nitrogen, the leaves of garden crops fall off, they grow slower than usual, they look sluggish. It saturates treated trees and other plants with nitrogen, providing them with all the necessary conditions.

The main active ingredient of urea is the amide form of nitrogen. After entering the soil, it is first converted into ammonia form, and then into nitrate form. Thus, nitrogen through the soil enters the plant in uniform doses over a long period of time. This feature provides a stable long-term effect from the use of urea.

Characteristic signs

Urea phosphate is sold in plastic bags. Form - white granular crystals. When it gets into water, they quickly dissolve (especially if the liquid is 38-40 degrees).

Urea granules are, in fact, a high concentration nitrogen fertilizer. There are no nitrates in the composition, so urea can be used at all stages of plant development. Even during the formation of buds, buds.

But this recommendation applies to those cases where there is a risk of mold infestation or the appearance of insects. Otherwise, you can lose 30-40% of the crop.

The characteristics and properties of urea are such that they require additional digging rather than surface application. This will allow the substances (bacteria and enzymes) of the fertilizer to penetrate well enough into the soil.

The chemical reaction takes about three days. Suitable fertilizer for alkaline or neutral soil. In these types of soil, nitrogen loss is high. The soil is covered by at least 6-8 cm.

Characteristics and benefits of liquid urea

Outwardly, the fertilizer looks like light, slightly transparent granules that dissolve easily in water.This form helps to preserve the beneficial properties of the drug during transportation and gives the fertilizer a crumbly consistency that is convenient for use. In addition, the granular composition does not cake during storage.

This fertilizer has tangible advantages over other chemicals:

• High nitrogen content and fast dissolution in water.
• Urea decomposes slowly in the soil, providing a long-lasting effect.
• The percentage of nitrogen is not inferior to the indicators of sodium nitrate and ammonium sulfate.
• Urea acidifies the soil to a significantly lesser extent than ammonium sulfate;
• Unlike ammonium nitrate, carbamide is excellent for sandy and sandy loam soils;
• The fertilizer has good indicators of the rate of nitrification in the soil;
• The use of this type of top dressing significantly increases the yield in the irrigated area;

How to improve yields? We are constantly receiving letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year there is a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS on this matter. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulants that will help increase the yield up to 50-70%.

We advise you to prepare in advance for the summer season, pay attention to this biological product. There are a lot of positive responses.

Read ...

Composition and formula

Urea nitrate has been used for a long time in its natural form - cattle urine. It was evaporated and then used as a strong odor liquid. At the moment, scientists receive urea using chemical compounds, but the effect remains the same as from natural urea.

Chemical formula - H2N-CO-NH2. The combination of carbon dioxide and ammonia provides the necessary substance for the growth and development of plants. In this case, the agrochemical has two types: B and A. Each type must be used in its own field:

1. Gardening works are carried out by the brand B. It is sold in granules. Color: yellowish or earthy. Also available in pill form. This form is much more profitable and convenient for use and storage.
2. Type A is used in the chemical industry. It is part of various drugs, chemicals. It is completely unsuitable for working in the garden or in the country.

Interesting fact! The cost of urea tablets is higher than the usual granular powder. Long-term storage is an advantage. Economical. After all, two times less is introduced into the soil than granular. When calculating the cost of granules and tablets, the difference is insignificant.

When should you use top dressing?

The following signs serve as a signal to fertilize plants with nitrogen-containing compounds:

• The growth rate of trees and shrubs is greatly slowed down.
• The plant produces many new thin, lifeless shoots.
• The leaves are smaller than usual. The color of the leaves is yellowish.
• There are few flowers, and they are weak, do not open up to the end.

All the described symptoms indicate that the plant lacks nitrogen, and groundbait is required. Replenishment with a carbamide solution will solve these problems and return a healthy look to shrubs and trees.

Also, spraying with a solution of urea is used to increase the number of ovaries. To ensure the maximum number of flowers, during the flowering period, the plant must be treated with a weak solution of urea from a sprayer. The solution is prepared in a proportion of 10 grams of urea per 1 liter of water.

Appearance, physical properties and composition of urea

In its usual form, urea or urea has a white granular composition, with a granule size of one and a half to 4 millimeters, or a crystalline powder, odorless and readily soluble in water.

In agriculture, grade B carbamide is used.It contains the following elements:

1. Nitrogen - 46%.
2. Biuret - 1.4%.
3. Water - 0.5%.

Refers to fertilizers of a mineral nature. Serves for the preparation of liquid solutions, which are quickly absorbed by the plant, while it is easier to maintain proportions and not exceed the application rate.

The developments of scientists led to the creation of humated urea, which contains humates, nitrogenous compounds that improve the absorption of chemical elements by plants. Nitrogen content - 44%, humic salts - 1%. The granules are brown.

In what cases does the use of urea not make sense?

Despite the positive characteristics, the use of urea does not always bring the expected effect. It is important to avoid direct contact of large doses of fertilizer with the plant root system. When using the preparation for feeding crops with one taproot, its suppression can lead to the death of the entire plant. To eliminate the negative effect on the roots, it is enough to treat the root zone at the point of contact with urea with potassium fertilizers, which neutralize the side effect.

Correct use of liquid carambid

When using urea, you need to determine the types of plant nutrition:

• Processing before sowing - urea granules are used, it is introduced into the furrows of the earth.
• Top dressing at the time of sowing - can be combined with potash fertilizers. It is important to remember that you cannot mix fertilizer and seeds. There should be a layer of earth between them.
• During growth, foliar feeding of plants is considered the most effective way. In this case, liquid urea is used. Spraying of leaves and shoots is carried out in the early morning or already at sunset so that the sun does not fall on them, as well as in the absence of wind.

Top dressing of vegetable and fruit crops

The use of urea gives good results when used as a means of feeding fruit plants and vegetable crops. In order to increase productivity and accelerate plant growth, fertilizing is carried out during the growing season by irrigating the root zone. The solution should be poured directly under the root of a tree or shrub. So it will be easier for the plant to assimilate nutrients.

Foliar dressing is carried out using manual spraying. It is better to carry out the procedure in the morning or in the evening. A solution of urea with a concentration of less than 5 percent is safe for the leaves, unlike ammonium nitrate.

Precautions when working with the drug

When working with urea, a number of rules should be followed so that the procedure is effective and does not harm human health.

• Processing is carried out after the preparation of the garden: fallen leaves are collected, dry branches are cut off, dead bark is removed.
• Work is carried out only on a calm day, early in the morning or in the evening before sunset. If it rains in the next 2 days, the garden will need to be processed again.
• It is necessary to carry out work and dilute the solution with gloves, a mask and goggles. To carry out the work, a special sprayer is used so that it is possible to process the upper branches of the trees.
• At the end of the work, you must thoroughly wash your face and hands, wash your work clothes immediately.

How to prepare the solution?

Root feeding is done using a concentrated urea solution, which is applied directly to the root zone of the plant. It is imperative to follow the instructions and to observe the dilution ratios for the urea. So, to feed an apple tree, 200 grams of granules, diluted in 10 liters of water, will be required for each adult tree. For plums, cherries or irgi, 120 grams per 10 liters of water is enough.

To prepare a solution for foliar irrigation, use 50-100 grams of urea per 10 liter volume of water.

Operating principle

Spraying with urea is allowed in the presence of harmful insects, as well as in the event of diseases:

• powdery mildew;
• purple spot;
• scab.

Urea for the garden is an indispensable tool, as it doubles and even triples the harvest. Only the introduction should be at the root along with digging in a diluted form.

All actions with fertilization to increase the number of fruits are carried out in early spring, when frosts do not touch the soil. Standard dilution is half a kilogram (maximum 700 g) of granules in a 10 liter bucket.

Do not be afraid if the substance gets on the green part during spraying and processing in general. It will not bring harm, as well as burns. Experts say that urea is an irreplaceable agent in all summer cottages and vegetable gardens. Since it helps to quickly remove problems in the form of parasites and dangerous diseases.

Pest control

With the onset of spring and warm days, various garden pests wake up: weevil, aphid, copperhead. They can cause serious damage to garden plants. The use of expensive drugs does not always give a high-quality result. In addition, many insect repellents harm the plants themselves.

Spraying the garden with urea

Liquid urea is an affordable and safe way to control pests. With its help, you can not only eliminate insects, but also feed the plant with the necessary nutrients. Thus, pest control is combined with care for the harvest.

To prepare a solution for processing, stir 50-70 grams of top dressing in one liter of water and carefully spray the plant with a sprayer. Spraying should be done when warming has already begun, but the buds of the plants have not yet blossomed. Such prevention will help get rid of hibernating pests. Important: do not make the solution too concentrated. It can burn the leaves.

Urea also helps in the fight against infectious plant diseases such as scab and purple spot. To get rid of the disease, you need to wait until the leaves begin to fall off the plant. With the arrival of leaf fall, the plant itself, as well as the foliage lying at its foot, are treated with a concentrated solution of urea. So you can not only get rid of the infection. But additionally fertilize the soil before wintering.

Description and properties

For plants, urea is useful and nutritious, since it contains organic compounds that have a positive effect on growth and development. Refers to nitrogen fertilizers due to the large amount of nitrogen (from 45 to 50%). Therefore, in the country or in the garden, just because you want to increase the yield, you cannot use it.
As soon as the urea comes into contact with the soil, or rather with the substances in it, a chemical reaction occurs. The result is ammonium carbonate.

In turn, the substance affects the development of the plant - an increase in protein. In plant cells of all garden and horticultural crops, such a reaction can only be due to nitrogen.

What does vegetable protein give? It is due to it that the rapid build-up of green mass occurs. In this case, there is always a risk of a large loss of nitrogen: it quickly evaporates and evaporates. After long rains, it is washed out and left along with groundwater.

An additional bonus of using urea is not only a high yield, but also the extermination of parasitic insects:

• aphids;
• weevils;
• copperheads.

Need to know! If there is a purple spot on the leaves of trees or shrubs, use carbamide. Processing is best done in the fall. In the spring, there will be no trace of the disease.

Pros and cons of urea

The positive properties of this type of fertilizer include:

• The nitrogen contained in urea is easily absorbed by plants;
• A significant advantage of urea compared to other fertilizers is that it does not cause leaf burns;
• The urea solution can be used both for soil treatment and for the plant itself;
• Urea does not contain ammonia, so it can be sprayed onto the soil surface.

The main disadvantage of urea is unsatisfactory application results at low values ​​of urease in the soil. In such cases, additional application of organic fertilizers is required to achieve the desired result. Urea is extremely sensitive to storage conditions. Absolute dryness is needed at the location of the fertilizer, because it easily absorbs moisture and dissolves in water.

Liquid urea is an affordable fertilizer that has a very wide range of uses. With its help, you can not only enrich the soil with nitrogen, but also increase the number of ovaries and get rid of pests. When used correctly, this type of top dressing ensures good growth for both horticultural and horticultural crops and guarantees a good harvest.

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Carbamide, or urea, is the most famous nitrogen fertilizer. It can be used everywhere: at home, in the garden, in the greenhouse and in the vegetable garden. Urea is highly efficient, low cost, and can be bought at any garden store

How to apply urea correctly

Urea can be used to feed any crops: decorative, fruit, vegetable. The fertilizer contains ammonium nitrogen, which, rather than inorganic nitrogen salts, is absorbed in plant tissues, is intensively used in biochemical processes, and therefore its use is more effective than other nitrogen fertilizers.

When applied to the soil, carbamide granules should be immediately embedded in the soil to a depth of 3-4 cm. In soils with a high biological

activity, urea turns into ammonium carbonate in 2-3 days, and this compound easily decomposes in air to gaseous ammonia, that is, part of the nitrogen simply evaporates. Therefore, the surface application of urea without incorporation into the soil is ineffective.

Do I need to make urea for planting vegetable and berry crops

Before planting, the granules are dug up together with the soil at the rate of 5-10 g / m². However, gaseous ammonia, released, can damage young shoots. Therefore, it is better to add urea for sowing in advance, 1-2 weeks before sowing. The negative effect of ammonia on young shoots can be almost completely neutralized by using potash fertilizers. At the same time, the efficiency of fertilizers will increase.

Feeding perennials with urea

For feeding perennial flowers during the growth period, use 20-30 g of carbamide per 10 liters of water. Watering is carried out at the rate of 1 liter per adult plant.

Top dressing of trees and shrubs with urea

Fruit and berry and ornamental trees and shrubs are fed once or twice a season. Urea is applied along the entire projection of the crown, scattering over the surface before watering. When using organic fertilizers, the dose of urea is reduced by one third or even half. On average, 150 to 250 g are applied under an adult fruiting apple or pear, 100–140 g under a plum, 30–40 g under a currant.

Fertilizing vegetable crops: when used dry - 5–20 g per 1 m².

For cucumbers and peas, apply no more than 5–8 g / m² of dry urea,

apply for squash and squash - 10-15 g / m² of urea,

for tomatoes and peppers - up to 20 g / m² of urea.

For watering vegetable crops, you can prepare a solution: 20 g of carbamide per 10 liters of water. Watered at the rate of 1 liter of the finished solution per plant.

Foliar top dressing with urea

With signs of nitrogen starvation in plants, as well as in the case of shedding of the ovaries, it is useful to carry out foliar top dressing with urea. Urea has an advantage over nitrate and other nitrogen fertilizers: it burns less plant leaves. Consumption of urea solution for foliar feeding is about 3 liters of working solution per 100 m².

The crowns of fruit trees are sprayed at a concentration of not more than 0.5% (50 g of urea per 10 l of water). It is desirable that the urea solution in a fine droplet state falls on both the upper and lower sides of the sheet, evenly wetting it.

For indoor plants, a solution of urea for foliar feeding is prepared at the rate of 5–8 g of carbamide per 1 liter of water. If the plants have very pale leaves (which indicates a nitrogen deficiency), then 3 g of magnesium sulfate (magnesium sulfate) must be added to 1 liter of solution. The use of magnesium sulfate will reduce the risk of burns and increase the effectiveness of feeding, since magnesium is part of chlorophyll.

Foliar dressing is carried out in the morning or evening.

Urea as a plant protection agent

Urea can also be used for pest and disease control. At the onset of the first warm spring days (the average daily air temperature is +5 ° C and above), before the buds swell, a concentrated urea solution (500-700 g of urea and 50 g of copper sulfate per 10 liters of water) is used to spray fruit trees from pests, as well as from scab and other diseases.

Early spring spraying helps to delay flowering and reduces the likelihood of damage to flowers by spring frosts in thermophilic crops (cherry plum, apricot, and others).

To protect apple trees from scab and other infectious diseases, trees can be sprayed with a solution (500 g of urea per 10 liters of water) in the fall, at the beginning of leaf fall.

Basic rules for the use of urea (urea) in the garden and vegetable garden

• In the open air, ammonia evaporates. To avoid its loss, fertilizer should be embedded in the soil to a depth of at least 3-4 cm.
• There must be a layer of soil between the urea granules and freshly sown seeds. It is better to use urea in conjunction with potash fertilizer.
• Urea can be mixed with other fertilizers only if they are dry, and only before sieving, as it increases the hygroscopicity of the mixture. Do not mix urea with simple superphosphate, lime, dolomite and chalk.
• A solution of urea with foliar dressing does not burn the leaves (5–10 g per 1 liter of water), unlike ammonium nitrate. Already 48 hours after spraying with urea, nitrogen is found in the composition of plant protein.
• Store unused fertilizer granules in a dry place, as urea absorbs moisture well.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE PREPARATION

Urea, or urea... - a chemical compound that is carbonic acid amide CO (NO2) 2. This is an organic compound, but it is customary to refer to it as mineral nitrogen fertilizers.

The appearance of urea. Represents odorless colorless crystals. The finished product looks like round granules of white, grayish or slightly yellow color.

Urea composition. This is the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer: pure urea contains about 46.2% nitrogen!

Properties of urea. Well soluble in water, solubility increases with increasing temperature. In an aqueous solution, urea is hydrolyzed with the formation of ammonia and carbon dioxide, which leads to its use as a mineral fertilizer.

The use of urea. It is used for root and foliar dressing, as well as for pest and disease control.

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Testimonials

«Advantages: quality

Disadvantages: not

Bought a fertilizer for my grandmother to try. Her general impression is good, our grandmother was still of Stalin's temper and was brought up during the Soviet Union. She compared this fertilizer with that produced in Soviet times. "

Urea (carbamide) - nitrogen fertilizer

Today, the cultivation of garden, flower and horticultural crops is accompanied by the use of fertilizers.

Carbamide (urea) is a fertilizer that occupies a leading place among many nitrogen fertilizers used in agriculture. This organic compound contains nitrogen. It is mainly produced in the form of granules of white or yellow-gray color, however, recently, production has been established in the form of tablets, with a coating that ensures long dissolution in the soil.

Positive properties

Fertilizer is widely used due to its many advantages:

• When it enters the soil, the substance dissolves rather slowly, therefore, excessive accumulation of nitrates in the fruits is excluded.
• Favorably affects the growth of vegetative mass of vegetation;
• Increases the protein content in grains;
• Fertilizer helps to increase yields;

Application features

Due to the fact that ammonium carbonate is actively decomposed in air, the surface application of urea is considered ineffective. This fertilizer, when applied to the soil, is recommended to be plowed immediately to prevent the loss of gaseous ammonia.

The use of urea is associated with an acidifying effect on the soil; therefore, liming of the soil is recommended to neutralize the acid.

Urea fertilizer, along with its advantages, has some peculiarities in its application. So, in the process of dissolution of a substance, an endometric reaction occurs, which causes a decrease in the temperature of the solution. For example, dissolving 20 kg of urea in 100 l of water, the temperature of the solution decreases by 9 ° C. When processing plants with such a solution, hypothermia may occur, which will cause stress for them, since the difference between the temperature of the working solution and the air should be no more than 10-12 ° C.

Application rates

Urea # 8212; a universal fertilizer, used for feeding various crops throughout the growing season.

• Vegetable, berry crops - 5-12 g / m2
• Fruit trees (brought into the tree trunk circles): apple -200 g; cherry, plum - 120 g.
• As a top dressing - 20-30 g / 10 l of water.

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Foliar dressing

With nitrogen starvation of plants, which is externally manifested by shedding of the ovary of fruits and unripe berries, spraying (foliar feeding) with carbamide is carried out.

In comparison with other nitrogen fertilizers, carbamide (urea) compares favorably with the fact that it does not cause burns that can occur on the surface of foliage, for example, when treated with ammonium nitrate solution.

• Fertilizing vegetable crops - 50-60 g - 10 liters of water;
• Fruit and berry plants - 20-30 g - 10 liters of water;

Plant protection product

Urea is used as an effective means of combating various diseases and insect pests.

• Spring treatment (until the kidneys swell). A solution of urea is used to combat wintering insects: weevils, aphids, honeydew, etc.
• Autumn processing (the initial period of leaf fall). The foliage of fruit-bearing trees and berry bushes is treated with a solution of urea against purple spot and scab.

Interesting to know # 8212; urea production technology

Why is urea used?

Due to its chemical properties, urea acts in several ways.

• The development of trees is improved after foliar top dressing with a carbamide solution.
• Autumn processing, when more than 40% of the foliage has flown off the tree, helps to strengthen the plant and its frost resistance. The solution is made the most concentrated: 8-10%.
• Vegetation of fruit trees after spring spraying slows down by about a week and a half. Delaying flowering of varieties that ripen early makes it possible to avoid the threat of spring frosts.
• Urea prevents wood diseases such as scab, moniliosis, septoria, rot, cancer, and purple spot.
• Spraying with urea does not affect all pests, but cleans the tree of weevils, apple blossom beetle, honeydew, aphids and some others.
• The bark is freed from moss.
• Small drops flow down the branches to the soil, enriching it.

In autumn, fallen leaves are sprayed with carbamide, which cover the trunk circle.

Urea: features of fertilizer and its application

Urea is a fertilizer popular with summer residents. What it is for and how to use it correctly - read our article.

Urea (or urea) is a granular fertilizer that contains 46% nitrogen. Thus, it is the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer applied for horticultural crops. The substance is odorless and readily soluble in water. But the fertilizer itself does not absorb moisture well, therefore it is stored for a rather long time. To understand how necessary it is in the dacha economy, you need to know to what extent nitrogen is valuable for plants.

Pros and cons of feeding plants with urea

Positive properties of urea:

• the urea solution is rather quickly absorbed by crops sensitive to high pH values ​​of the soil;
• foliar feeding does not cause burns of leaf plates in plants;
• urea solution helps to fight pests of the garden and vegetable garden, as well as pathogens;
• top dressing with urea allows you to increase the yield of garden and garden plants.

Cons of urea feeding:

• urea can reduce the germination of seeds with its increased concentration in the soil;
• fertilizer requires careful storage;
• urea cannot be mixed with other fertilizers.

How urea works

Once in the soil, urea reacts with the enzymes and bacteria in the soil. During the first 2-3 days, a chemical reaction occurs that converts the carbamide to ammonium carbonate. On contact with air, the latter is transformed into gaseous ammonia.

Therefore, if urea is not embedded in the soil, some of the fertilizer will simply be lost. If the soil is alkaline or with a neutral reaction, then the losses can be very significant. This means that the effect of adding urea will be insignificant. Therefore, the urea granules scattered around the plants must be embedded in the soil to a depth of 7-8 cm.

Instructions for the use of urea fertilizer

When feeding crops with urea, it must be remembered that this fertilizer stimulates the development of the vegetative part, therefore, its introduction during the laying of buds can lead to a decrease in yield.It is best to apply urea under the plants at the time of the formation of the green mass.

The introduction of urea in the autumn does not always give the desired effect, since by this time microorganisms begin to decompose, and the released ammonium is rapidly destroyed. In addition, by spring, part of the nitrogen sinks into the deeper layers of the soil, from where plants can no longer consume it. The use of urea in the fall is justified only if the soil on the site is sandy or sandy loam, and the weather is not too warm and dry.

You can also apply urea to the soil before planting or sowing plants directly into the grooves and holes. In this case, it is important to sprinkle the fertilizer with a small layer of soil in order to avoid contact of urea with the planting and seed material.

Urea application rates for flowers, garden plants and strawberries

Urea is a fertilizer that can be applied to a wide variety of soil types. However, it manifests itself most effectively on wet soils. Urea can be applied as a top dressing even in protected ground conditions.

Urea should not be mixed with other substances and preparations (especially with lime, chalk, dolomite flour or superphosphate).

Foliar feeding with urea

Foliar feeding of plants is indicated for crops with nitrogen starvation and shedding of ovaries. It consists in spraying the green mass with a urea solution. To prepare the solution, you need to dissolve 5-10 g of the drug in 1 liter of water. This amount should be enough to process 20 square meters of beds. It is necessary to carry out such feeding in the morning or evening.

During the growing season, fertilizing with urea should be carried out in such a way that there are 3 liters of solution per 100 square meters. In this case, vegetables need to be fed with a composition prepared at the rate of 50-60 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water. For fruit and berry crops, the solution is prepared at the rate of 20-30 g per 10 liters of water.

Signs of nitrogen deficiency and excess

Nitrogen is responsible for the growth of stems and leaves. This gas is involved in the formation of chlorophyll, which is so essential for plant photosynthesis. If nitrogen is enough for garden or horticultural crops, then their foliage will have a rich emerald color and shine with gloss. Lack of nitrogen is characterized by yellowing foliage and slow growth of shoots.

In addition, nitrogen is responsible for the amount of the crop: the stronger and stronger the plant becomes, the more flower buds it can form.

Before adding urea to the soil, you need to find out how much nitrogen is needed for plants.

Signs of a nitrogen deficiency:

• plants are depressed and develop slowly;
• leaves grow small and narrow, pale in color or with a yellowish tinge;
• leaf plates fall off prematurely;
• young shoots of fruit and berry crops are weak, thin and without leaves;
• shoots weakly branch;
• fewer buds are laid on the plant than usual.

Signs of excess nitrogen:

• inhibited plant development in the early stages of growth;
• violent growth of green mass in adult crops;
• large foliage of dark color;
• the growing season is noticeably prolonged, the ripening of the fruits is shifted to a later date.

Urea against diseases and pests

In addition to being essential as a yield-enhancing fertilizer, urea can help fight pests and diseases. For example, with the onset of stable warming in suburban areas, weevils, copperheads, aphids and other insects that harm plantings become more active. To combat them, you can use a urea solution prepared from 500-700 dry fertilizer granules and 10 liters of water. With this agent it is necessary to spray the plants that have been attacked.

With the help of urea, you can also defeat some diseases, such as purple spot or scab on fruit-bearing trees and shrubs. A highly concentrated urea solution is also used to treat plants, as is the case with pests.They should be sprayed with plants in the fall after the foliage has fallen. Such treatment will protect the garden from diseases next year, as well as fertilize the soil.

Urea is a fertilizer that must be in the household of a gardener or gardener. After all, it not only helps to support plants during the growth and fruiting period, but also solves other problems that may arise during their cultivation.

Sources:

4 May 2017

ditim

Urea - mineral fertilizer popular among summer residents. The nitrogen content in it ranges from 40 to 46 percent, which is significantly higher than in ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. Urea (the second name of the fertilizer) is capable of acidifying the soil, so it is advisable to use it on non-acidic soils. Urea granules scattered dry under the plants, and then embedded in the ground, or bred for preparation of liquid top dressing.

On the label, manufacturers, as a rule, indicate the rates of fertilization for various crops:

Combination with other fertilizers

Urea (carbamide) cannot be mixed with alkaline compounds: after such actions, nitrogen disappears, and it becomes ineffective to use the resulting fertilizer.

Experienced gardeners know that mixtures of carbamide with potassium chloride, manure, ammonium and sodium nitrate are stored for a long time. Before fertilizing trees in spring, urea is often mixed with ammonium sulfate.

It is categorically contraindicated to combine urea with black ash, lime compounds, calcium nitrate: the production of such a mixture by crops can lead to their death.

Spring treatment of garden crops and trees with urea is necessary in every rural and urban garden plot. Preparing liquid feed is the most rational method. It is enough to dissolve the amount of granules required for a particular plant species in 2 liters of water, add the rest of the liquid and water. Knowing how to properly use the properties of urea as a fertilizer, the farmer can be sure of a good harvest.

Urea or carambid belongs to the group of nitrogenous fertilizers and is widely used in agriculture. It is appreciated for its high efficiency and low cost.

What can be fertilized with urea?

So, in the spring, when digging the soil, urea is applied under:

• potatoes, cabbage, beets, carrots in the amount of 20-30 g per 1 square meter,
• tomatoes, cucumbers, flower and ornamental crops in the open field in the amount of 15-20 g per 1 square meter,
• radishes, onions, green crops in the amount of 5-10 g per 1 square meter,
• vegetable and flower-ornamental crops in greenhouses in the amount of 25-35 g per 1 square meter.

When planting fruit trees and berry bushes, carbamide is put in the amount:

• 180-220 g per 1 plant (fruit trees),
• 50-100 g per 1 plant (berry bushes).

Fruit trees and berry bushes in the spring are fed with urea in the amount of:

• 25-30 g per 1 square meter of trunk circle (fruit trees),
• 25-30 g per 1 square meter (berry bushes).

And, finally, liquid root fertilizing with urea is made for vegetable and flower-ornamental crops. For this, a solution is prepared, and urea is diluted in this proportion:

• 20-30 g urea per 10 liter bucket of water

Solution consumption: 4-10 liters per 1 square meter.

Root dressing begins in the 1st half of the growing season, and ends 2 weeks before harvest.

Different crops have their own peculiarities of making top dressing with urea. We have touched on this topic in detail in the articles:

• "Top dressing with urea in spring"
• "What is fed with urea"

In these articles, slightly different dosages are given (sources - reference books and summer cottage literature).

Seasonal processing of fruit trees

Each culture has its own feeding times. Processing of fruit trees is carried out after they have faded. Repeat spraying of apple trees after about three weeks.

In no case do they carry out processing in the garden during the collection of berries and fruits.Watering can be done two to three weeks before.

TABLE: Urea - dosages for various crops

How to prepare urea solution (how to dilute)?

Special wisdom in preparation of urea solution for liquid feeding no.

1 tablespoon contains 10-15 g of urea, and 1 matchbox contains 13-15 g. To feed vegetables and flowers in the first half of the growing season, we need 20-30 g per 10 liters of water. So, we scoop up 2 tablespoons or 2 matchboxes of fertilizer and put them in a 10-liter bucket of water, mix thoroughly. If you need a minimum dose, then we take 1.5 spoons or a box.

Urea granules dissolve well in water, so you can start feeding immediately after preparing the solution.

Signs of nitrogen deficiency and excess

One of the main functions of nitrogen is to participate in the synthesis of chlorophyll. How to understand if a plant has enough of a given element? This is judged by the state of the sheet. Emerald color and gloss indicate sufficient nitrogen content. Signs of starvation are:

1. slow growth of shoots;
2. yellowing foliage, its premature fall;
3. weak branching of shoots;
4. a small number of kidneys.

An excess of nitrogen in the soil is noticeable by:

• inhibited development of crops at the initial stages of growth;
• a rapid increase in green mass;
• the large size of the leaves, their dark color;
• slow ripening of fruits.

Excess nitrogen tends to be deposited in fruits (like nitrates). This is dangerous to health, negates all the work of the farmer. In order to prevent an overdose of dressings, the gardener should remember that 10 g of carbamide is placed in 1 tablespoon, 13 g in a matchbox. A faceted glass contains 130 g of fertilizer.

Recommendations for the use of fertilizers on various types of soils

How to apply urea

Urea is recommended for use on all types of soils, but there are separate recommendations for each.

1. If the land is light soddy-podzolic, then it is recommended to apply fertilizer in irrigated or irrigated areas and in areas with sufficient natural precipitation.
2. If the soil is dry, then the effectiveness of fertilization is equivalent to the action of ammonium nitrate.
3. If the soil has a neutral acid reaction, then fertilizer is applied only with simultaneous embedding. Otherwise, nitrogen losses may exceed 50% of the original amount.

Main application

Provides plants with nutrients for the full growing season, especially during peak demand. Urea decomposes in the soil and passes into the water in the ground. The specific timing of application depends on the climatic zone, plant species and chemical characteristics of the land in the beds or in the garden. Granular fertilizers are sealed immediately after application.

How to properly add urea

In the forest-steppe zone, before sowing plants, it is recommended to apply no more than 70% of the total amount of urea, the rest is added during planting. On loamy soils, it is recommended to apply fertilizer in late autumn for embedding, this significantly increases the efficiency of assimilation. Spring application is ineffective.

Urea can be spread evenly over the entire plot or applied in rows.

1. Fertilizer spread over the soil. The dose is distributed unevenly over the area, which reduces efficiency and reduces yields by up to 20%. The depth of the subsequent embedding also has a great influence.After digging up the beds, fertilizers are too deep and become inaccessible to the root system of most plants. If covered with a rake, then the likelihood of its getting into the top dry layer of soil increases, which also negatively affects digestibility.

   
   The use of urea in the form of fertilizer

2. Local application. The most effective way, nutrients are located in close proximity to the roots in a moist soil layer. Local application can be carried out by three methods: tape in rows, nesting only in planting sites and screen. The screen method involves special sealing methods; it is not used in summer cottages.

   
   Fertilizer is applied locally

Fertilizer behavior in soil

It dissolves in the soil by urobacteria and after a few days completely transforms into the form of ammonium carbonate. This substance is chemically unstable and converts in air to ammonia in the form of a gas and an ammonium bicarbonate compound. For this reason, the fertilizer is covered with a layer of soil immediately after application, otherwise the losses can be very significant. In the presence of a soil covering of urea, ammonium is bound by the water fraction and in this form begins to be used by plants for nutrition. In composition, this is a biologically acidic substance, but after assimilation of nitrogen, the acidity of the soil returns to its original state.

Fertigation

Urea dissolves and is applied during watering. Watering can be drip or manual; during application, you need to accurately calculate the amount of fertilizer, taking into account the total volume of water. Nutrients can be absorbed both by all plant organs and only by the root system, it depends on which method of water application is used. Absorption can be passive (non-metabolic) and active (metabolic processes occur).

Fertigation - a method of applying liquid fertilizers

Before preparing the final solution, you must first prepare a mother liquor - a concentrated solution. It is added to water in an amount of ≤ 0.3%. Fertigation must meet the following requirements:

• the total amount of fertilizers must exactly meet the recommended norms in the context of plants and the period of treatment;
• the maximum concentration of urea in water cannot exceed 0.3%, otherwise there is a high probability of getting burns and inhibition of development processes;
• only previously planned areas or beds under individual crops should be cultivated.

Treatment of plants with urea solution

Fertigation minimizes the harmful effect of fertilizers on the soil, a weakly concentrated solution is in the upper layer and is completely absorbed by the roots. In addition, manual labor costs are significantly reduced and yield increases. If desired, you can fully automate the process of introducing urea.

Fertilization by irrigation

Active nitrogen consumers - plants

All plants need nitrogen, especially their leaf plates and young shoots. Suburban crops with a powerful leaf apparatus and rapid growth are especially needed in the use of significant doses of urea:

• Cucumbers, zucchini (including the growth of full-fledged green fruits),
• cabbage (all types),
• celery root and petiole,
• onions, leeks, batun,
• hosts, daylilies and other powerful decorative crops,
• raspberries.

Moderately high needs are demonstrated by:

• Eggplants, tomatoes,
• garlic,
• corn,
• greens: salads, leafy celery, rhubarb, etc. (it is important not to overfeed),
• strawberries: dense leafy and remontant varieties,
• gooseberry,
• young fruit and berry seedlings.

Some types of beneficial soil microorganisms feed on nitrogen compounds.

Evidence of nitrogen starvation

The reasons

1. A small amount of rotted organic matter in the soil, a weak humus layer on the site, depletion by long-term use, lack of competent crop rotation.
2. Strongly different from neutral soil reaction (too acidic or too alkaline). This may be a natural property of the substrate, or it may be due to the fault of the gardener. Freshly dug green manures and sawdust acidify the ground. An alkaline excess arises from improper deoxidation (lime application), which should preferably be carried out not in the spring, but the day before - in the fall.
3. High density of suburban landings.
4. Growing crops with high nitrogen requirements.
5. Too hot or cold weather, drought or heavy rains - lead to malnutrition.
6. Unjustifiably frequent (fanatical) use of microbiological substances (yeast, kefir, Baikal, Radiance, etc.).

Signs

1. Weak growth of leaves, shoots, ovaries.
2. Pale color, yellowing of the leaf plates.
3. Atypically small foliage, thinning shoots.
4. The appearance of fruits on cucumbers and zucchini, tapering towards the top (the opposite phenomenon is a pear-shaped shape, narrow from the stalk - this is a sign of a lack of potassium).
5. Delayed formation of organs of vegetative reproduction (for example, strawberry whiskers, raspberry sprouts).
6. Early leaf fall.
7. Regular low yields of all crops.

Feeding with urea is the best "first aid" in case of nitrogen deficiency.

Signs of a nitrogen overdose

• "Raging" tops to the detriment of flowering and fruiting.
• The dominance of pests and diseases.
• Unpalatable, watery fruits (tomatoes, watermelons, potatoes, etc.).
• Poor preservation of products (potatoes, root crops, pumpkins, tomatoes, etc.), as well as rhizomes (dahlias, cannes, etc.).
• Strong winter freezing (trees and bushes).
• Winter death or weakening of perennials (chrysanthemums, clematis, etc.).

Observance of two rules will help to avoid many troubles. Firstly, you should not overfeed "pets", mindlessly combining the use of several quick nitrogen fertilizers (manure + urea ...). Secondly, it is necessary to observe the basic fertilizing principle for the regions of the temperate and northern zones: we supply nitrogen to the plants in the first half of the growing season; the second should be dominated by phosphorus and potassium.