Description and characteristics of varieties
The potatoes bred by breeders of Belarus are cultivated in this country, Russia, Ukraine and neighboring states. The main purpose of cultivation is agricultural. Vegetables are sold, exported, processed into semi-finished products, used to feed animals, stored for the winter.
Attention! Disease resistance is proportional to the ripening period. The longer it is, the higher the immunity.
Vegetables are classified according to the ripening period: early, middle and late. Depending on the region in which the vegetable is planned to be planted, they take into account the peculiarities of the climate. Most varieties tolerate drought and spring frosts well. Belarusian potatoes are popular among gardeners due to their high yield.
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Benefits of Belarusian varieties
Consumers and gardeners highlight a number of advantages of potatoes bred by Belarusian breeders.
The advantages are as follows:
- high level of productivity;
- attractive external (marketable) appearance;
- smooth edges, clear shape;
- pleasant taste and aroma;
- have immunity against disease.
It is especially necessary to highlight the fact that potatoes calmly tolerate minor spring frosts at night, as well as periods of summer drought. The vegetable is unpretentious to care for, it does not often need to be processed from pests.
Ruby. Good storage
As for the Rubin variety, it is expected that it will appear on sale next year.
The name of such a potato speaks for itself.Its peel is red with an intense purple hue. The pulp is yellow. The Center noted that it is the yellow pulp that is in great demand among the consumer.
The variety is medium late, like "Vector" and "Nara". This means that you can cook the same dishes from it.
In production it is suitable for dry mashed potatoes.
Another variety has good keeping quality. While the record holder for storage was considered "Skarb". The farmers are well aware that it lies until spring.
The best varieties
All varieties of Belarusian breeders are endowed with the advantages described above. But along with this, gardeners have identified a list of the best species for growing for their own and agricultural purposes.
These include:
- Axamite.
- Dolphin.
- Scrub.
- Dubrava.
- Volat.
- Zarnitsa.
- Rogneda.
If the purpose of planting is a quick harvest, then preference should be given to ultra-early varieties. They allow gardeners to harvest potatoes twice during the season. Ultra-early vegetables are not suitable for long-term storage. So that they do not lose their presentation, it is worth keeping in a cool room, with a temperature of 1-3 ° C.
Early ripening species
The peculiarity of early varieties of Belarusian potatoes is their rapid ripening. After 2-2.5 months after planting, the gardener will receive the first harvest. If you plant potatoes in warm regions, then you can get two crops per season. The disadvantage of early varieties is that the tubers are poorly stored, they are not recommended to be harvested for the winter.
Dolphin
Early ripening potatoes, which differ from identical varieties in their resistant immunity to diseases. The fruits are oblong, oval in shape. The peel is light brown and the flesh is slightly yellow. The yield of the variety is high. 15-20 tubers can be harvested from one bush. It is preferable to grow the dolphin in arid regions as it retains moisture for a long time.
Uladar
The variety is common among people who have their own vegetable garden where they grow vegetables for themselves. During cooking, potatoes practically do not boil, retains their original shape. On average, 10-14 tubers are harvested from a bush. The size of the potato is medium, the skin is light brown, the flesh is firm.
Lapis lazuli
A variety of Belarusian potatoes with an average yield. Up to 15 tubers are harvested from one bush. On top, vegetables have a light brown skin, flesh with a yellowish tinge. Due to the medium starch content, this type of potato is not suitable for frying or stewing. The vegetable is well boiled, so housewives choose it for making mashed potatoes, first courses.
Axamit
Medium yield potatoes. With good care from one bush, the gardener will receive no more than 15 tubers. The vegetable is characterized by a low starch content. In cooking, it is used to prepare first and second courses. Potatoes have a medium digestibility, good taste and aroma. The shape of the vegetable is oblong, the peel is light brown, the pulp with a yellow tint in the section.
The miracle potatoes, which the president praised, are not sold in stores. But we found out where to buy it!
We also talked about the problems of agriculture in general. In particular, the president was informed about the potato harvest this year and new varieties were shown. In wicker baskets there are beautiful large tubers, as if for a selection, and on the plates there are new names: "Palace", "Nara", "Mastak", "Julia", "Pershatsvet", "Guarantee" ...
The President was in excellent spirits and praised the scientists and peasants for their good work.
- Our scientists are great, the Academy of Sciences, our peasants are great. They have learned to cultivate good varieties. I took the last grades of the Academy of Sciences, they gave me, this is a miracle potato!
Alexander Lukashenko stressed that in Russia, for example, they know about the high quality of Belarusian potatoes.
- New varieties grown from a test tube, I tried it myself, they researched it in the laboratory - and gave it to Russia for research, and we have wonderful ones! Moreover, I cultivated as usual, - BelTA quotes the president.
Lukashenko recalled that he also gave potatoes to his Russian counterpart, the president.
- I asked Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, to whom I gave potatoes, I ask in St. Petersburg - have you even eaten these potatoes? What are you saying, I haven't eaten such delicious potatoes for a long time! - quotes the words of the president of the TV channel "Belarus 1". - In different countries, as the people say, they have bred potatoes, they are already sowing if only that ...
Lukashenka stressed that everything in Belarus was also abandoned ten years ago, but gradually the production of high-quality potatoes was restored.
The President was informed that this year Belarus plans to harvest about 7 million tons of potatoes, and the bulk of them - 5.5 tons - will be provided by farmers and the population. The head of state was also told that this year Macedonia, Serbia and Uzbekistan are planning to buy our products. The President noted that it is necessary to help Ukraine as well, since there was a drought there. However, first of all, he instructed to lay the harvest in stabilization funds and provide the domestic market.
“The most important thing for us this year is to feed our population with good potatoes,” Lukashenka said.
Also, according to him, it is important not to forget about the farmers. If the peasants have surpluses, the COOPSoyuz needs to help sell them: "Everyone needs potatoes this year, and the prices are good."
Vadim Makhanko, Director General of the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato and Horticulture, noted:
- We have now learned how to grow high-quality potatoes, learned how to grow beautiful potatoes, create different varieties. Our next task is to learn how to sell it with the maximum added value.
COMPETENTLY
"We would like to sell potatoes in stores, but conditions are unacceptable for us"
We found out at the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato and Horticulture, where you can buy potatoes, which the president praised.
- In the report we saw how you showed the president a beautiful large potato. You rarely see this in stores! Will it go on sale? - we asked the general director Vadim Leonidovich Makhanko.
- Every autumn we sell such potatoes here in Samokhvalovichi. From the end of October to the beginning of December we carry out sales for the population at low prices. We do not work with retail chains, since they have conditions: settlement in two to three months after the delivery of the goods, but we are not satisfied with this. Someone accepts these conditions, but for us they are unacceptable.
- It is a pity that you cannot buy your potatoes in the store near the house.
- We also want this, but, unfortunately, our retail chains are not yet ready for this.
— If Minskers can still go to Samokhvalovichi (20 km from Minsk), then for residents of other regions it is quite far.
- This problem has been resolved long ago. In each region there is a regional station or regional regional institute that produce potatoes using the same technologies as in our Scientific and Practical Center.
- Have you yourself seen what kind of potatoes are sold in stores?
- I watch it regularly. Sometimes there are wonderful potatoes, but sometimes it is not clear why they ended up in the store. By the way, two weeks ago there was a hype on the Internet: a person bought potatoes in a large retail chain, peeled them, and they were all spoiled. People immediately began to write comments that it is impossible to buy normal potatoes in the potato country. They began to figure out what and how. It turned out that the manufacturer is a private owner, a farm. I bought seeds abroad. The problem is not that the variety is wrong, but how the potatoes are grown.
- And how much will it be possible to buy your potatoes in Samokhvalovichi?
- The price has not been determined yet.
- But without trade margins it will be, perhaps, cheaper than in stores?
- Tell us about new varieties. What is their feature?
- The varieties "Pershatsvet", "Nara", "Palace" have already been approved for production, and "Mastak" and "Yulia" are still in state testing. "Pershatzvet" and "Yulia" are two ultra-early varieties. If you make an effort - to germinate, cover with a special film, water, then you can dig potatoes very early - already in mid-June. The Mastak variety is distinguished by its high yield and good disease resistance. The "Palace" has very large tubers: 300 grams is not the limit. The "Guarantee" variety is interesting in that it has a very rich red, almost ruby color on the outside, and on the inside it is light yellow. Well, the “Nara” variety is the case when we say that this is a typical taste of Belarusian potatoes.
- And what is the typical taste?
- It is difficult to explain it in words, you have to try. It boils well, but inside is yellow.
- Will summer residents be able to buy seed potatoes from you in the spring to plant in their plots?
- Definitely. We sell seed potatoes in autumn and spring. New varieties will go on sale, except for those that are still under state testing.
Mid-season
Potato varieties with an average ripening period are no less popular among summer residents. After planting seeds in the ground, the harvest is obtained in an average of 3-3.5 months. In warm regions, the ripening period does not exceed 90 days.
Attention!
Mid-season Belarusian potatoes are suitable for long-term storage, so they are often harvested for the winter.
Choosing mid-season varieties, preference should be given to Dubrava, Krinitsa and Volata. However, be sure to take into account your own wishes. Regardless of the type of potato, you can always count on a high yield.
Dubrava
A variety of Belarusian potatoes, which is distinguished by increased resistance to various diseases. Another advantage is good keeping quality (over 97%). The vegetable is medium in size, round, slightly oblong in shape. The peel is light yellow in color, and small eyes are located on the surface. The inside of the potato has a creamy hue. Starch content 15%.
Krinitsa
Medium-sized potatoes, 5-10 tubers can be harvested from one bush, therefore the variety is characterized as medium-yielding. On a plot of 1 hectare, 49 tons of potatoes can be obtained. Root crops are suitable for long-term storage.
The vegetable is round in shape, with a brownish peel and light flesh, eyes are present on the surface. Experienced gardeners pay attention to the fact that low resistance to late blight is considered a significant disadvantage of this species.
Volat
A variety recently bred by breeders. Along with this, he won the trust of novice and experienced gardeners due to the ability to grow in different regions and give a high yield. Up to 15 tubers are harvested from one bush.
The vegetable is suitable for long-term storage, does not lose its qualities during transportation. The finished potato has a rich taste and pronounced aroma. The starch content does not exceed 20%.
Lasunok
The potato variety has a good taste and rich aroma. Breeders have identified the Lasunka as a high-yielding species. It is used to prepare first and second courses. Potatoes are suitable for long-term storage and transportation.
Attention!
The Lasunka does not tolerate high temperatures (heat, drought), therefore it is recommended to water it regularly.
It has high immunity, resistance to late blight. On average, 10-12 tubers are harvested from one bush, but under favorable conditions (watering, fertilization, climate) 15-17 pieces. Ripening period 3-4 months.
Crane
After planting seeds in the ground, gardeners can harvest after 3 months. An average of 400-600 centners of potatoes are obtained from one hectare. The size of the vegetable is average, and there are 15-20 tubers in one bush.They perfectly tolerate transportation, and the safety level is 96%.
Breeders note that the Zhuravushka variety is resistant to diseases, is able to withstand the golden nematode, late blight, and rhizoctonia. The tubers are round and oval in shape, the surface is smooth, and there is a kind of mesh on the peel. There are a small number of eyes, the largest vegetable weighs 300 grams.
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Yanka
The presented variety has been listed in the state register of the Russian Federation since 2012, which defines it as a relatively young species. It is better to grow it in the central and northwestern part of Russia. Potatoes are suitable for both industrial and amateur purposes. The resulting crop can be stored in the winter. Also, the fruits are resistant to transportation.
Table variety of potatoes for planting. The ripening period after planting in the ground is about 3 months. The average weight of a root crop is 80-110 g. You can get 8-12 tubers from one bush. Starch content is not more than 16%.
Lukashenka will not give bad advice: how to grow a bulb "like Batka's"
A trend has emerged in Belarus - to grow a potato crop "like the president's." Sputnik found out if this is a difficult task.
Alexander Lukashenko never hid: he loves potatoes, grows them in his subsidiary farm and even gives them to his fellow presidents.
The Belarusian president paid an official visit to Georgia in 2020. Then he presented his Georgian colleague Georgy Margvelashvili with a sack of Belarusian potatoes. And when for the New Year 2018 he brought four sacks to Vladimir Putin, the whole country asked the question: what are these varieties that the head of Russia is not ashamed to give? The secret was revealed by the press secretary of the President Natalia Eismont during a television broadcast. And Sputnik found out the details.
The best varieties of Belarusian potatoes for the presidential feast
Each of the bags that Alexander Lukashenko brought as a gift to the Russian leader bore the grades: Vektar, Manifest, Nara and Rubin. These are the best varieties of Belarusian selection.
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True, "Rubin" is not yet available for sale - it is under state testing. The rest can be found without problems both in stores and in Samokhvalovichi, where they sell seed material.
Here they admit: after the release of the program, the demand for presidential potatoes increased sharply.
“People came and said:“ Give us potatoes like the president’s ”, - Vladimir Antsipovich, head of the laboratory of microclonal reproduction of potatoes at the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato and Horticulture, told Sputnik.
“We do not know why these varieties of potatoes were chosen, but if the potatoes are not tasty, no one will eat them,” the specialist said.
The undisputed leaders this spring were the varieties "Vektar" and "Manifest".
Enterprises purchased 90 tons of super elite. The population took another 40 tons.
Seeds of "Nara" were less in demand: 11 tons were sold to enterprises. But the Institute explained that the variety went on sale only this year, and the people did not have time to taste it. And in vain - it has many advantages.
By the way, Lukashenka gave Putin several tips - which potatoes are suitable for which dishes. The President believes that it is better to boil and bake Vektar. But he advised "Manifesto" to fry and put on pancakes and mashed potatoes.
Sputnik asked specialists to tell in detail about the merits of each of the "presidential" varieties of potatoes.
Nara. The most beautiful potato
Housewives should pay attention to this variety - it has a very attractive appearance.The rind and flesh are yellow. The tubers are large and even in shape, round.
“At the enterprise, such potatoes are especially suitable for the production of chips, due to their shape,” explained Julia Gunko, head of the potato selection department of the Center.
Medium late variety. It boils well. At home, Naru is best cooked and baked. It also makes a delicious puree.
Manifesto. Suitable for potato pancakes
The Manifest variety is one of the most popular in Belarus. Russian agrarians have also heard about him. If you read the forums, then the variety is very praised. Gardeners say that it has a high yield and that it grows in any weather.
“This year there was a severe drought and cold winds blew, but the harvest was no less than in the past,” they write on the Internet.
The variety is the most productive in the presidential four - up to 73 tons per hectare.
These potatoes are rich in antioxidants - they protect our body from free radicals and help resist aging and many different diseases.
“The high content of antioxidants in this potato is possible due to the red peel,” explains Yulia Gunko.
The tubers of the variety are oval. The pulp is light yellow.
The variety is medium early, which means that it has a low starch content. Dieters can take note of this. Although the Center assures: you don't get fat from potatoes.
“Look at our head Vadim Makhanko (General Director of the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato and Fruit and Vegetable Growing - Sputnik). He has been sitting on potatoes all his life. They do not get fat from the "bulba". They get fat from bacon and cutlets, which go with a bite, ”experts argue.
Due to the low starch content, the variety does not boil over. Therefore, it is not advised to cook it, only if you are not used to cutting such a potato with a knife.
“Boiled it is good for salads. It is also suitable for frying if you like to keep the potatoes from falling apart. But it is best to make potato pancakes out of the Manifesto, ”advised Yulia.
Vectar. Just melts in your mouth
The Vectar variety is also well known in Russia. It is not capricious: it grows in any soil, it tolerates heat well, it is resistant to many fungal and viral diseases.
Vectar's tubers are medium in size. The rind is reddish, the flesh is yellow.
Like "Nara", it is a medium late variety with a high starch content. Potatoes boil well. On the forums they write that it turns out very tasty fried potatoes that literally melt in your mouth. Also "Vectar" is suitable for mashed potatoes and soups.
In production, the variety is used to make French fries and chips.
Ruby. Good storage
As for the Rubin variety, it is expected that it will appear on sale next year.
The name of such a potato speaks for itself. Its peel is red with an intense purple hue. The pulp is yellow. The Center noted that it is the yellow pulp that is in great demand among the consumer.
Medium late variety, like "Vector" and "Nara". This means that you can cook the same dishes from it.
In production it is suitable for dry mashed potatoes.
Another variety has good keeping quality. While the record holder for storage was considered "Skarb". The farmers are well aware that it lies until spring.
A good harvest is in our hands
Is it difficult to grow “presidential” potatoes on your plot and have a good harvest? The Center answered us: the main thing is not to make frequent mistakes.
So, you need to plant potatoes on time. There is no need to rush.
“You can safely get down to business if a dandelion has bloomed. Usually at this time the soil warms up to normal - 8-10 degrees at a depth of 10 centimeters. If planted earlier, the tubers are uneven in shape. This is because potatoes are sick in the soil, ”explained Yulia Gunko.
Another tip is to sprout potatoes in the light before planting. Green shoots should appear on the tubers. This will speed up the germination by two weeks, which means that the harvest will be formed earlier.
The Center advised to take into account the vagaries of nature and plant potatoes of different ripeness groups on the site.
“Our weather is not stable and predictable. And the choice of several varieties will make it possible to level out periods of drought, high temperatures or prolonged rains, ”says Yulia.
Belarusian breeders try to make the varieties resistant to a number of diseases, including late blight, which does not negate the use of chemical and biological remedies. During the season, it is recommended to carry out at least 2-3 preventive treatments.
But the most important thing is to remember about measure in everything.
“Just recently, a gardener approached me with the question:“ Why do I have such beautiful tops, but I dug - nothing? ” It turned out that the person introduced excessive doses of organic matter. If you give nitrogen well, then, of course, everything will go to the tops. But the plant also needs phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, ”said Yulia Gunko.
Experts advise renewing potato seeds every 3-5 years. If you haven’t planted potatoes yet, like Lukashenka’s, you can try next year.
By the way, this spring the potato superelite cost the same regardless of the variety and ripeness group. For the population, a kilogram cost 1.10 rubles. Which is relatively small, considering that such potatoes are grown by the first person of the country.
Late species
Late varieties of potatoes are especially popular among summer residents with small land plots. This is due to two important factors: the vegetable has an excellent taste and is suitable for long-term storage. The ripening period is 110 to 135 days. When growing, you need to follow agricultural techniques, water the potatoes in a timely manner. In such conditions, you can get a high yield.
Vesnyanka
A table variety of potatoes with round, slightly oblong fruit. Vesnianka can be grown in vegetable gardens with different types of soil. The ripening period after planting the seeds is 4 months. Starch content in the range of 15-18%. 9-12 tubers are harvested from one bush. In cooking, it is suitable for preparing first and second courses. Vesnianka is used for starch production.
Rogneda
The variety is characterized by the development of tall bushes. Most vegetables are large in size, with a light brown skin. The taste is excellent, the flesh is yellow, dense. French fries are prepared from the vegetable. The peculiarity of the variety is that the tubers can be dug out immature. At the same time, they will not lose their keeping quality.
Zarnitsa
The period of full maturation is 4 months. The variety is suitable for cultivation in the central part of Russia. The bushes do not exceed 60 cm in height, the roots have a red tint. The average weight of one potato is 120 grams, up to 15 tubers are harvested from one hole. Zaritsa can be planted in a vegetable garden with any type of soil.
Attention!
The variety of Belarusian potatoes Zarnitsa is not suitable for growing in central Russia.
The variety tolerates drought steadily, but has low immunity to late blight and other fungal diseases. Along with this, the plant is able to withstand the "black leg", scab, nematode and potato crayfish.
Medium early
A distinctive feature of these potato varieties is the fruiting period, which is equal to, on average, one hundred days. The most popular of them are Lileya, Yanka and Skarb.
Lileya
The shape of the fruit of this variety is roundish, the pulp is pale yellow. The main feature of Lilya is the ability to freeze it for long-term storage, and its main purpose is to cook french fries. These fruits are also not afraid of late blight.
Yanka
Differs in increased productivity, as well as large fruits, and unpretentious care. About 10 potatoes can ripen on one plant. They will be yellow in color, inside - beige.
Yanka is not afraid of strong temperature changes - it can be grown even at subzero temperatures. If you additionally feed the soil, then the yield can be doubled.
Scarb
The Skarb variety is one of the most productive in Belarus, has an excellent appearance. The skin is very smooth, yellow externally and internally. She has no equal in taste. On one bush, about 10-18 potatoes can germinate.
Scarb is considered the most popular not only in Belarus, but also in all neighboring countries, because it can actively grow in almost any type of soil.
Potato selection criteria
Every gardener should carefully select the variety of potatoes to grow. Before buying seeds, you need to pay attention to the climate in the region, then determine the composition of the soil on the land plot. Next, consider the purpose of the cultivation. An important criterion is the yield, which fluctuates depending on the variety.
When choosing seeds, the goal of growing is the determining factor. It can be a canteen (for eating) and long-term storage, or technical (production of starch, semi-finished products, etc.). Varieties with a high starch content will be universal.
Features of planting and care
Potatoes begin to be planted after April 15, and ends in mid-May. If it is cold or hot in the region, then the terms are shifted in one direction or the other by 2-3 weeks. It is worth focusing on the temperature of the soil. At the time of landing, it should be 6-8 degrees Celsius during the day and at night (at a depth of 10 cm).
If the seeds are laid out in the ground at the beginning of April, it is recommended to cover the bed with a dark film. This will help protect future crops from night frosts. They have been preparing land for planting since September. The site must be dug up, weeds are removed, mineral nitrogenous fertilizers are applied. In the spring, they must dig up the garden bed.
It is better to plant the crop not in the shade of trees, but in a well-lit place. Ideally, the soil should be loose, airy so that the seeds get enough oxygen. Potatoes are laid out in holes to a depth of 8-10 cm for 1-3 pieces. The distance from each other is 30 cm, and between the beds 50 cm.
For almost 100 years, the Research Institute of Potato Growing in Belarus has been fruitfully working in the field of selection. Thanks to this, new varieties of potatoes appear regularly. Most of them are suitable for planting in Belarus and throughout Russia, are characterized by high yields, have a great taste and are suitable for winter storage.
Some Tips
All potato varieties in Belarus are grown according to standard agrotechnical rules. Below are some guidelines that have helped experienced gardeners get the best results from their crops.
When planting tubers, the sprouts are placed up. To ensure even seedlings, they must be placed at the same depth.
It is important to ensure that a layer of loose soil remains under the root crops.
To ensure the light regime, the plants are placed in even rows with the same distance.
Pour some ash into each hole. This will not only enrich the potatoes with essential trace elements, but also protect against certain diseases.
