Purple plum - whimsical, but grateful inhabitant of Russian gardens

• Characteristics of the species
• Description of the tree
• Features of the fetus
• Planting a plant
• Care rules
• Diseases and pests
• Fight disease
• Destruction of pests
• Preventive measures

There are many varieties of plums that are resistant to weather, disease and parasites. One of the most popular subspecies is Smolinka plum. The seedlings of this variety adapt perfectly, easily tolerate transplanting and bear great fruits.

Table of early ripening varieties of plum

Now let's learn more about each variety.

The history of the Smolinka variety

The plum variety Smolinka appeared in 1980, it was bred by the Russian breeders Yenikeev Kh.K. and Satarova S.N. by crossing the variety Ochakovskaya yellow and Ullensa's renklod. The culture was tested for 10 years, and only in 1990 was it included in the state register of Russia and recommended for cultivation in the Central region. To date, new varieties are being developed with the help of Smolinka plum.

Plum Smolinka appeared in the All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery (VSTISP). Scientists Kh.K. Enikeev and S.N. Satarova crossed two parental forms:

• tasty and fruitful plum of national selection Ochakovskaya yellow;
• unpretentious French variety Renclode Ullensa with large fruits of excellent taste.

Since 1980, plum has been undergoing state variety testing, in 1990 it was allowed for cultivation in the Central region. The resin is used in breeding as a donor of large-fruited and taste qualities.

Origin and distribution of the variety

Around the middle of the 19th century, a new variety was received in Great Britain, later it was named after the English Queen Victoria. Under this name, the plum was imported to other countries; in France, it gained immense popularity.

The time of the appearance of the variety in Russia is not exactly known, but there is evidence that before the start of the Great Patriotic War, Victoria was grown in Ukraine, the southern regions of the USSR, giving a good harvest. This variety has many derived varieties that are cultivated with varying degrees of success.

Start plum

Found in the gardens of the central and chernozem regions. This robust, medium-sized tree tolerates both low and high temperatures well. The first fruits are formed 5 years after the planting of the seedling. Although the plum is self-fertile, it forms very little ovaries, in order to increase the yield, the Volga beauty and Eurasia are planted next to it.

The fruit ripens at the end of July. They are burgundy, large up to 60 g with yellow, watery and sweet pulp.The skin is very dense, this allows you to transport fruits over long distances without fear that they will lose their presentation. The plant does not require preventive treatments with fungicides and insecticides, as it is resistant to diseases and insects.

How to plant a plum on the site

To get a large harvest of fresh and tasty plums, you need to know how, when and where to plant a tree. And this requires detailed instructions.

The choice of planting material

To plant a fruit tree, seedlings are needed, the choice of which is a difficult and important task.

1. The seedling must be strong and healthy, free from pests and diseases.
2. Large plants are more difficult to tolerate transplanting, and young seedlings are 1-2 years old, quickly take root.
3. When choosing planting material, it is important to pay attention to the root system. Seedlings sold in pots do not allow you to study the roots in detail, but such seedlings take root faster and are planted in open ground at any time.
4. The leaves should not have traces of parasites, various spots and rot.

When buying open-root seedlings, pay attention to pruning. With too short a root system, a young plum is unlikely to survive.

Determining the landing site

Choosing the right place for planting plum seedlings is the key to a large and tasty harvest in the future.

1. The tree loves good lighting. Sunlight affects the growth, ripening of fruits and their taste. The southern side of the site will be the right choice for planting a seedling.
2. The seedling should not be planted in a place where groundwater accumulates.
3. Take into account the size of an adult tree, which, if improperly planted, can block the access of light to other plants and interfere with buildings on the site.
4. Cold air currents and winds can also hurt. The closeness of a high fence or the wall of a house, located at least 2-3 meters from the seedling, will serve as protection.

By following these rules when planting young trees, you can count on an abundance of tasty and juicy fruits.

Soil preparation and planting a seedling

It is best to prepare the soil for planting plums in the fall. Soil with a high acid content is not suitable, therefore it is diluted with lime.

1. The soil is mixed with humus, sulfate fertilizers and wood lime.
2. Holes are dug no more than 70 cm deep, 90-100 cm in diameter.
3. A seedling is placed in the hole, the roots are straightened and carefully buried. Each spine should be well dug in and not leave empty space around it.
4. The earth is compacted and thoroughly watered.
5. In a young seedling, after planting, both the central and lateral shoots are cut off.

Aprimira

She is "apricot cherry plum" - a hybrid of apricot and plum. It is a short, fast growing tree. Its height is on average 1.5 m. Fruiting occurs in the second year, but for the formation of ovaries, varieties are planted nearby, blooming at the same time as it - in the second half of April.

The advantage of the hybrid is its high frost resistance, which allows it to be grown in the Far East and in the Leningrad region. In terms of drought resistance, the indicators are low, it requires regular abundant watering.

The fruits begin to ripen from July 15th. The yield is high. Large plums - at least 50 g, green-yellow with purple dots and light yellow, sweet pulp, smell of apricots.

They tolerate transportation well. Ripe fruits are not prone to crumbling or cracking.

Planting a tree

There are no special requirements for planting Victoria seedlings. However, a number of conditions must be met:

• the most suitable sites for planting a seedling face the south, west or south-west side, but gusts of wind are unfavorable for the growing tree;
• in order to avoid stagnation of moisture, a place should be selected on a hill;
• there are special requirements for the land - a soil with low acidity, slightly alkaline, where air enters without problems;
• it is necessary to dig a hole, its size should allow the roots of the tree to fit freely there, they must also be protected from water ingress - this will lead to rotting of the roots;
• during the first months, the tree needs constant and abundant watering.

Advantages and disadvantages of a fruit crop

Among other varieties of plum, Smolinka has a number of advantages:

• high crop yield;
• an increased level of immunity to most diseases that affect plums;
• fast adaptation to low temperature conditions.
• taste qualities;
• the appearance of the fruit.

This variety also has disadvantages:

• reduction in fruit weight with a strong crown density;
• the size of a tall tree;
• average pulp density;
• medium resistance to frost and dry climate.

The variety has a high value in home gardening due to the size and flavor of the fruit. In breeding work, it is also useful, plus the positive qualities include resistance to clasterosporium disease and the ability to tolerate hot, dry weather well.

Among the shortcomings, it can be noted:

• the frequency and irregularity of fruiting - good, full-fledged yields are stable once every 3-4 years;
• trees are resistant to frost, but they tolerate moderately-weak cold, so they are not suitable for northern regions and require additional protection from the winds;
• ripe plums fall off easily.

Diseases and pests

With proper care, Smolinka is resistant to various kinds of diseases, has a fairly strong immunity and is not susceptible to pests. There are situations when the gardener misses an important point or the culture succumbs to the influence of various negative factors: you need to know what measures to take so as not to lose your favorite plant.

Fight disease

Description and types of diseases:

• klyasternosporia (perforated spot) - a fungal infection that manifests itself in the holes on the leaves: for treatment, use "Kuproksad", "Vectra", "Horus", "Topaz" or "Skor";
• moniliosis (gray rot) is a fungal disease, manifested by drying of peduncles, falling flowers: it is necessary to cut out all the affected areas and treat the surface with copper oxychloride (40 g per 10 l of water);
• gum flow (homoz) - release of resin on the surface of the plant: treat the affected areas with a 1% solution of copper sulfate;
• rust - spots on the leaves that lead to death: treatment - spraying with a solution of Bordeaux mixture;
• fruit rot is a fungal disease that destroys the fruit: pruning of the affected areas is mandatory.

One of the ways to treat fungal diseases of plums is to use Bordeaux liquid. It can be created from a solution of copper sulfate and lime milk. To make 10 liters of this mixture, you will need 2 non-metallic vessels. In one of them, you need to dissolve 0.1 kg of copper sulfate in 5 liters of hot water. In another, mix about 0.3 kg of lime with 5 liters of water. Gradually add the milk of lime to the copper sulfate solution.

Destruction of pests

Among the pests of plum crops, there are:

• plum thickfoot: treatment - treatment with karbofos (dilute 75–90 g of karbofos in 10 liters of water);
• gall mite: treatment - treatment with systemic insecticides or pesticides;
• moth: treatment - spraying with insecticides (Alatar, Fufanon, Decis, Karbofos);
• black and yellow plum sawfly: treatment - treatment with drugs "Metaphos" or "Karbofos";
• plum aphid: treatment - spraying with Karbofos.

To combat and prevent the appearance of pests, cleaning and whitewashing of trunks, collection of foliage that has fallen after autumn is used. The harvest directly depends on timely treatment and constant prevention.

Preventive measures

Prevention is an important part of care.By following a few guidelines, you can easily avoid the above diseases. Fundamental rules:

• seedlings should be at a great distance from each other;
• plum and poplar should not be planted nearby;
• branches must be cut in time;
• cut branches and fallen leaves, especially diseased ones, need to be burned on time;
• proper care of damage to the plant must be provided;
• fungicide treatment is mandatory;
• disinfection of all gardening tools is necessary.

It is easier to prevent diseases than to cure them. Thanks to prevention, the maximum fruit yield is achieved due to the absence of damage factors.

River plum

It is cultivated in the central black earth regions. The tree is easily recognizable by its curved branches. The first fruits are removed after 4 years. The Volga beauty, Etude and Renklod Tambov are planted as pollinators.

Harvested on July 21-31. Plums are large with juicy and sweet pulp. Purple fruits are evenly distributed over the crown, so they do not shrink, and the branches do not break under their weight.

Plum is not afraid of frost and drought, it is resistant to major diseases. The fruits are transportable, do not spoil for a long time. More often they go for blanks - jams, compotes, preserves.

Description and characteristics of plum Smolinka

The tree of this variety is tall and can reach 5-5.5 meters in height, but this figure can vary depending on the quality of crop care and external factors. The crown is oval, not very dense, new shoots appear slowly - this contributes to the rare formation and pruning of the crown. The tree has a brown bark with characteristic roughness.

Smolinka plum fruits are one of the largest among the analogues. The amount of harvest per season is high and can reach 20-30 kilograms.

The tree is tall and can grow up to 5.5 meters if the necessary conditions are met. Full crown formation occurs 5-6 years after planting the tree. Every year the plant grows by 40-50 centimeters, subject to the annual feeding and care of the crop.

Fruiting

The beginning of fruiting is average, the tree will bring the first harvest only 5-6 years after planting. Flowering begins in mid-spring. The amount of harvest from one tree is high.

Planting the Smolinka variety is a simple process that requires preliminary selection and preparation of a land plot, as well as the acquisition of a healthy cuttings. Correct planting of the culture will provide the plant with a long life and abundant fruiting.

The soil should be light and fertile - loamy soil with a neutral reaction of the environment is suitable for this.

It is better to choose an area on the south or west side with sufficient sunlight. In order to avoid burnout of the crop, a small shade should be provided, which will periodically cover the plant. When choosing a place, you need to provide protection against strong gusts of wind and drafts.

1-2 weeks before planting a plum cuttings, you need to make a hole 80 centimeters deep and wide. When digging up, the top layer of fertile soil should be set aside, it will be needed later. After the pit is made, you need to add organic fertilizer to it mixed with a couple of liters of warm water.

It is better to plant the variety in the spring because of the average winter hardiness. This fit will provide a smooth adaptation to new conditions.

Plum planting is done in several successive stages:

1. Trim the tips of the root system and soak it in water for several hours.
2. Before planting, the roots are soaked in a solution of clay and cow dung in proportions 1: 1.
3. A small mound is formed from the soil in the hole, a wooden support is dug into it.
4. A stalk is placed in the hole, the root system is straightened and covered with fertile soil.
5. Everything is carefully tamped, the plant is tied to a support stick.
6. The land around the culture is watered abundantly with warm water.
7. Mulch the soil around the trunk with peat or dry soil.

The trees grow quite tall, up to 5–5.5 m. The medium thickened or sparse crown has an oval shape (according to VSTISP) or round-pyramidal (according to the description in the State Register). The bark on the trunk is rough, brown in color. Shoots with medium internodes, they have a slight bend. Shoot growth ends at the end of June, vegetation - at the beginning of October. Two flowers are laid in one fruit bud.

Fruits are large (30–35 g), isosceles, with a weakly expressed abdominal suture, have an attractive appearance. The shape is oval-ovoid or round-oval. Medium-dense skin of a dark purple color, it has a rich waxy coating of a bluish tint. The peduncle is not very firmly attached to the fetus.

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The pulp is not very dense, tender. The color of the pulp and cavity is yellow with a greenish tinge. The taste is very good, dessert, sweet with a little acidity, the sources have information about a tasting rating of 4.8 points.

Sugar content - 11.82%, sugar-acid index - 15.2. The stone is small, semi-free. The variety is considered a table variety, the fruits are most often consumed fresh, but they can also be processed into canned products, dried and frozen.

Plums ripen in the second half of August. Early maturity is not very high, fruiting begins 4–5 years after planting. Average productivity: from one tree, according to VSTISP, up to 40 kg of fruits are harvested, VNIISPK characterizes the yield with another unit of measurement - 4 kg / m2 of crown projection. A mildly expressed periodicity of fruiting is observed, productive years can alternate with seasons of "rest" of plants.

The variety is self-fertile

Plants do not differ in winter hardiness and drought resistance, the indicators of these characteristics are at an average level. There is relative immunity to clasterosporium disease.

The most significant advantages of the variety include:

• large-fruited;
• marketable appearance of plums;
• very good dessert taste;
• versatility of fruit use;
• high quality of processed products;
• relative resistance to clasterosporium disease.

Smolinka also has a number of disadvantages:

• tallness;
• self-infertility;
• average level of winter hardiness;
• insufficient drought resistance;
• irregular fruiting.

The advantages of the variety are mainly associated with the excellent quality characteristics of the products: for the sake of them, gardeners put up with disadvantages that can be overcome with the help of a high agricultural background.

Pollination varieties

Self-fertile plants will not bear fruit without additional sources of pollen. In the description of the originator, the following varieties are recommended as the best pollinators for Smolinka:

• Blue gift;
• Super early;
• Opal.

In other sources, a number of plums are named for this purpose:

• Hungarian Moscow;
• Volga beauty;
• Early ripening red;
• Morning;
• Egg blue.

Cross-pollination can occur between trees growing no more than 40-50 meters apart. Perhaps the desired varieties are already growing in neighboring areas. And also the problem of cross-pollination can be solved by grafting suitable cuttings into the crown.

Description of the variety

The variety has a number of characteristic visual features.

• Tree height, the average for this type of culture, does not exceed 3 meters.

  
  The crown is of medium density, with moderate pruning, it keeps an oval shape.

• Crown has a pronounced oval shape, the bark of the trunk is gray with a rough surface structure.
• Young escape differs in the presence of a slight bend and an average size of internodes.

Buds and leaves

The buds of the tree are conical in shape, gray-brown in color with a slightly pointed top.

• Sheet plates do not exceed in length 10 cm, and in width 6 cm.
• The shape of the leaf is wedge-shaped with a slight bend at the vein in the middle.
• Hairiness is not observed.
• Slight serration can be seen along the edge.
• The color of the leaf plate is green with a slight yellowish tinge.

Flowers

Plum Violet is self-fertile, gives a good harvest even with a single planting.

• From one kidney comes out 2 saucer-shaped flowers and a whisk of medium diameter.
• Inflorescence petals are oval, up to 12 mm and no more than 10 mm... The color is milky white.
• Average pistil length 18-10 mm, no pubescence, sepals no more than 6 mm long.

Fruit

Oblong fruit with a scar.

Pulp with a pointed bone.

• Fruits are oval, asymmetrical, high 40-50 mm and width 30-40 mm.
• Average weight 25-30 grams.
• There is an abdominal suture in the middle of each fruit.
• Pulp color - yellow-green.
• Peduncle - up to 15 mm.
• Large bone - 3 cm, pointed shape. Taste quality is above average. Sugar content - more 8%, indicators of the sugar-acid index - more 5,5.

Kabardian plum

Self-fertile variety, so it does not need additional pollination. It is grown only in warm areas, it does not tolerate frost, but it can withstand short-term frosts down to -10 ° C.

A dense crown and a large tree height up to 6 m causes inconvenience when harvesting. It gives the first fruits for 4–5 years. Fruits ripen in mid-late July, up to 120 kg are harvested from the tree. Fruit collection must be done quickly, as ripe plums fall off quickly.

They are not stored for long, but transportable. Fruits are claret-red, large up to 50 g. They can be covered with gray bloom and specks. The pulp is firm with a sweet and sour taste.

The taste and size of the fruit is influenced by the weather. In a cold or dry summer, they acquire acid and become significantly smaller. Productivity drops in rainy weather and low temperatures. This plum is not afraid of fruit rot and klyasternosporiosis.

Application

Smolinka fruits are very dense, so they are well suited for the preparation of dried fruits. But only ripe fruit can be used.

First, you need to carefully sort out the fruits, it is necessary to discard the rotten and damaged plums. After that, they must be well rinsed under running water and dried with paper towels.

Plums are cut and pitted, but this step is optional. Sliced ​​fruits are laid out on a tray and taken out in the sun. It is desirable that this place is well blown by the wind. The trays are hidden at night to prevent dew from getting wet.

The drying time depends on the weather and the size of the fruit. Usually it is ready for 5-6 days. But after that, it is advisable to dry the fruit in the shade for 2-3 days.

Dried plum fruits can also be cooked in the oven. To do this, you need to lay out the fruits in one layer, it is important to maintain a small distance between them.

Drying in the oven consists of several stages:

• 2 hours at a temperature of +50;
• 3 hours at a temperature of +60;
• 1 hour at a temperature of +80.

Sometimes it is necessary to take out a tray of dried fruits to cool them down and turn them over. It is important to follow the instructions carefully.

The resin is also dried in the microwave. This method is the easiest. You need to cut the fruits and put them on a plate, and cover with a paper napkin on top.

After that, the plum is placed in a microwave oven at medium power. After 3 minutes, you need to remove the napkin and put the fruit to dry for another 3-4 minutes. If after this time the drain is not dry enough, you can continue the process, periodically checking the readiness of the fruit.

Chachakskaya

A variety of Serbian selection, it has many names. After the "chachak" one of the options is added - beauty, early, nibolia, the best.The tree is up to 3 m, grows very quickly, frost-resistant, but in lowlands with moist soil, young seedlings can freeze out. The kidneys are affected by the spring frost.

The first fruits appear in 2-3 years. It is necessary to plant plums nearby - Nenka, German, Voloshka, Chachak lepotica. Young trees produce fruits annually, old plums yield once every 2 years. They are filmed in the second half of July. Fruits are large up to 60 g. The color of the skin depends on the air temperature; the hotter it is, the more violet it becomes.

Fruits can be covered with a bluish or pinkish bloom. When overripe, the yellow-green pulp loses its sweet and sour taste. The plum must be treated with special insect repellent substances for preventive purposes.

Growing

Planting is carried out in the spring, the seedlings are checked for damaged areas. The soil must be prepared light and fertile. With an excess of clay soil, sand is added. The place for the drain should be on a hill. A slope or flat terrain is suitable. Any low-lying area is contraindicated.

It is recommended to plant trees in April, when the buds open. Pits for seedlings need to be prepared a few weeks before planting, deepening it by 60 cm.Use turf soil, humus and superphosphate. To eliminate excess soil acidity, add dolomite flour or lime mortar to the planting mixture.

It is necessary to monitor the general condition of the plant, sufficient moisture and soil quality. Sawdust powders help retain moisture. In severe frosts, the tree may need to be insulated.

About plum variety Smolinka: description, cultivation techniques, planting and care

Correct and timely care of the crop will ensure healthy growth, frequent and high-quality fruiting. The most important thing is to carry out constant watering, fertilize the soil and prepare the plant for the coming cold weather.

The plant requires constant watering, especially in the early stages of growth. During the development of shoots, the culture requires a large amount of moisture. The plum of the Smolinka variety should be moistened once every 3-4 days with 50-60 liters of water per 1 square meter. The greatest need for fluid occurs during the period of bone formation in fruits. It begins 30 days after flowering is complete.

This variety requires constant feeding with potash fertilizers. In one season, 3 to 4 plant fertilization procedures should be carried out:

• before flowering;
• before the formation of fruits;
• after fruit ripening;
• before the onset of cold weather.

Types of trim

Pruning should be carried out 2 per year to eliminate damaged, diseased, too long shoots. This procedure will allow the plant to bear fruit better.

Loosening should be carried out immediately after watering - this will allow moisture to penetrate into the soil faster and saturate the upper layers of the soil with oxygen. Mulching is done when foreign plants and weeds appear around the tree.

It is better to carry out processing 2-3 times a year. When choosing a spray product, you need to buy those insecticides that are least harmful to human health.

Smolinka, a variety of Russian selection, obtained from crossing the plums of Ochakovskaya yellow and Renklode Wheelens. Grown in garden plots since 1990.

The tree is vigorous, can reach five meters in height. The shape of the crown is round or pyramid-like, with sparse branches. The stem is covered with a rough brown bark. The shape of the shoots is curved with medium-sized internodes. Leaves length 10 cm, width 7. Plates are leafy, not pubescent, with notches along the edge. The flowers are large, white, collected in small inflorescences.

Large-fruited plum, maximum berry weight 60 grams, medium-sized berries weigh 35 grams. The fruits are symmetrical, oval. The color is purple, dark with a thick bluish bloom. The suture is poorly expressed.The size of the stone is medium. The branch is not very good. Fruits with yellow-green pulp, medium density, delicate sweet and sour taste.

Trees are of medium early maturity. The first harvests are taken four years later. One tree gives up to 20 kg of plums, and in especially fruitful years up to 40. The harvesting period falls in mid-August. There is a periodicity in fruiting. The crop is not harvested every year.

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The variety requires pollinators, the following varieties are suitable:

• Hungarian Moscow;
• Volga beauty;
• Super early;
• Early ripening;
• Opal.

It does not tolerate frosty winters. Drought resistance is average. Plum is immune to clasterosporium disease.

Saplings with an open root system are best planted in early spring, for those that are sold in containers, planting time does not play a big role. Choose one-year and two-year-old seedlings, they take root better.

Trees of this variety like areas located on the sunny side, not accessible to cold northerly winds. For cross-pollination, you need to have other varieties of plums in the garden, without them there will be no fruit, since Smolenka has only female flowers.

Soil requirements:

• Fertile;
• Lungs;
• Neutral.

For normal growth and development of trees, observe the requirements:

• The distance between trees is 4 meters;
• The distance between the rows is 3 meters.

Subject to the rules of care, the plum can bear fruit for up to twenty-five years.

Planting holes are dug to a depth of 0.5 m, 0.8 m in diameter. Fertilize with a bucket of humus, a glass of superphosphate, and several glasses of ash. Pour two buckets of water into the pit.

Throughout the life of a tree, it needs pruning. The first is done next spring. Shorten the conductor and the lateral shoots to increase branching. In the future, before the onset of fruiting, carry out formative and sanitary pruning annually. After every spring, sanitary pruning.

After planting a plum all summer, monitor the moisture content of the soil, water it regularly. Adult plants are watered from June to July once every ten days. Watering is especially important before and after flowering, during the ripening period and in the fall, before the onset of winter.

Organic fertilizing should be carried out every three years. Be careful to apply mineral dressings, their excessive amount can do the plant more harm than good. Specify the dosage according to the instructions on the package.

Modern preparations increase the yield, strengthen the plants, with the help of which foliar feeding can be carried out. The plant receives the right amount of trace elements with them.

During the summer, monitor the condition of the trunks:

• Remove overgrowth;
• Loosen;
• Polish.

If the care of the plant is organized correctly, the drain will cope with pathogens and garden pests on its own. A properly formed crown is well ventilated, receives the right amount of sunlight, it is not affected by fungal infection, mold, mosses. Timely whitewashing of the trunk and skeletal branches saves from sunburn, there will be no need for Bordeaux liquid.

Gardeners who decide to grow the Smolinka variety will not lose, the plum will delight them with delicious fruits.

Testimonials

Plum varieties Smolinka grow in the garden, we do not get a full harvest every year. And I also don’t like the fact that we do not have time to collect the entire crop, the berries are crumbling.

A rare garden is complete without plums, because it is an unpretentious tree with tasty healthy fruits. Houseplum (Prunus domestica) has many varieties with different ripening periods. One of them is Smolinka.

History of creation

Plum Smolinka was bred for cultivation in the Central region of Russia. The variety was created at the All-Russian Institute of Breeding and Technology for Nursery by crossing the Ochakovskaya yellow plum and Renklod Ullensa. The creators of the variety are H. Enikeev and S. Satarova.The variety was sent to the State test in the early 80s, and in 1990 it was entered into the State Register.

The variety is mid-season, the fruits ripen in mid-late August. Fruiting begins at the 4th year of the tree's life. Average frost resistance, but good recovery after a cold winter is observed. Heat - and drought resistance are satisfactory.

The yield of the variety is very good - 15-20 kg. Under favorable weather conditions and careful care, it sometimes yields up to 40 kg. However, the yield is irregular, the tree bears fruit well no more than once every 3 years. With good care, the plum will yield up to 25 years of harvest.

The variety is self-fertile and requires a pollinator.

Plum Smolinka

You can distinguish Smolinka by the following characteristics:

• The tree is vigorous, reaching 5.5 m in height;
• The crown has an oval or round-pyramidal shape, the branches do not grow very densely;
• The bark of the trunk is brown, rough;
• Shoots are slightly curved, internodes are of medium size;
• The leaves are turned upside down, with a rounded base, size - 9.5 by 6.5 cm, smooth, medium serrated;
• There are light green stipules;
• 2 large white flowers emerge from one bud. Flowering begins in May.

The fruits are quite large, on average 35-40 g, 45 mm high, width and thickness 40 mm. The shape is oval or oval-ovoid, symmetrical. The skin is dark purple with a waxy coating, smooth, medium thickness, with an underdeveloped abdominal suture. Peduncles - 1.5 cm X 1.5 mm.

The seeds are about 2.3 cm long, with a sharp tip, slightly difficult to separate from the pulp. The pulp is medium in density, yellow-green, sweet and sour in taste, tender. Dessert-type fruits, can be eaten fresh or dried, suitable for freezing.

Strongly ripe fruits taste like prunes, contain a large amount of sucrose, glucose and fructose.

Pitted plum blanks cannot be stored for more than a year.

Pollinators

The tree needs pollinators, since Smolinka is self-fertile. Cherry plum or a plum of another variety growing next to or in a neighboring area can act in this capacity. The best results as pollinators are shown by the following varieties:

• Super early;
• Egg blue;
• Hungarian Moscow;
• Opal;
• Volga beauty;
• Blue gift;
• Morning;
• Early ripening red.

If there are no such trees nearby, you will have to plant them, otherwise there will be no harvest. Thus, the varietal variety of plums in the garden will expand, which will only have a positive effect on the yield of each plum tree.

The choice of a seedling is an important task. If it turns out to be infested with pests or diseases, is weak or damaged, then the chances of success in growing a good tree will be minimal. It is also undesirable to buy very tall specimens - small plants tolerate transplanting better. Annual and biennial plants take root well.

Selection of seedlings

If the seedlings have a closed root system, that is, they are sold in containers with soil, then it will be impossible to determine the condition of the roots.

But on the other hand, such planting material has the best survival rate and can be planted at any time during the growing season.

Plants with open roots can be planted either before the start of the growing season, or at the end of it, that is, in early spring or mid-late autumn. When buying, you should not choose seedlings with too short cut roots - they may not survive.

Location

The correct location is the key to good development of the plum. She needs a lot of light, the sweetness of the fruit directly depends on it. Openness to the north winds is undesirable. Inadmissibly close occurrence of groundwater.

The soil is preferable light, neutral, loamy or sandy loam. This variety is tall, this must be taken into account when planting, so that in the future the tree does not shade the beds and does not interfere with buildings.

Landing features

In order for the plum to bring a good harvest, it is important not only to properly care for it, but also to choose a planting site, time, and properly prepare the place. Each variety requires special conditions suitable for itself.

Recommended timing

The ideal planting time for the Giant plum is spring. You need to transplant in April, when the buds begin to bloom.

Choosing the right place

Even before buying a seedling, it is important to determine where it will grow. And here there are several recommendations or even rules. The place should be well lit. The shade results in a small crop. It is advisable to settle the tree near buildings such as a garage, summer kitchen, etc. This is due to the fact that it is important for any variety to grow in heat, no matter how stable it is. The north side should preferably be closed from the winds. A pit for planting would not be the best choice; you need to choose a hill or an area where there is no stagnation of water. Groundwater should not approach the root by 1.5 meters. The Giant Plum is not as picky about the soil as cherries or cherries.

What crops can and cannot be planted nearby

Each tree has compatibility with others. Some further carry pests, some harm the roots, shade, take all the nutrients from the soil. It is undesirable to plant all varieties of plums next to raspberries, currants, apples and pears. If elderberry and maple grow next to it, then the plum will only get better. This is a real salvation from aphids.

Selection and preparation of planting material

It is important to choose the right seedling. It is worth buying plums in proven places, preferably with documents. The root system is the first thing to pay attention to. It must be developed. It is not recommended to take a seedling without a tag. There should be no stains or damage on a healthy trunk. Height - from 1 meter. Better to take a two-year-old seedling.

Landing algorithm

In order not to damage the seedling and plant it correctly, you need to follow the algorithm:

1. A column is dug into the hole, which will be a support for a small tree.
2. The pit is fertilized, the soil is poured above the edges of the pit.
3. Prepare the seedling, cut off the damage.
4. The plum is installed so that the roots do not rest strongly against the walls of the pit.
5. Water it carefully so as not to damage the still weak roots.
6. At the trunk there are yellowed leaves and straw.

Nenka

Ukrainian variety. It is not afraid of frost, so it is grown in different areas. The tree is about 3 m high. The leaves grow strictly vertically. The first fruits are formed after 2 years and ripen in early August, in the southern regions at the end of July.

Fruits are large, up to 60 g, barrel-shaped, violet-claret with a thick waxy bloom. The pulp is yellow in color with a sweet and sour taste. During transportation, fruits do not lose their attractive appearance and taste. The variety is little affected by diseases.

Breeding methods

The most common method for propagating plums is by cuttings. To do this, a healthy shoot is cut on the tree and left in the necessary climatic conditions for 2-3 months until it germinates. Such a cutting is planted in a prepared container with fertile soil, until an extensive and healthy root system is formed. After that, the culture is transplanted into open ground. It is better to do this in the spring, in which case the plant will better tolerate the new habitat.



Early plum

It belongs to the Chinese variety, the variety was bred by Russian specialists. It is cultivated by Siberian and Far Eastern gardeners, it grows well in the middle lane. The tree is undersized, the crown is spherical.

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The first fruits appear at 3 years old, but fruiting is irregular. Highly frost-resistant variety withstands temperatures down to -40 ° C, buds are not afraid of spring frosts. The root collar can vanish, but only in those areas where frosts are replaced by thaws in winter. The plant is also resistant to drought.

For pollination, plum Red Shar and Russian, hybrid cherry plum are planted. The fruits ripen in early August. They are medium in size up to 28 g with thick yellow skin. On the sunny side, an orange or red blush is formed. The pulp is yellow, juicy, sweet and sour with a melon flavor. Plum is resistant to disease, rarely suffers from pest attacks.

Amber 17-07

In fact, there is no review yet, tk. we have a young tree, bearing fruit only once. Signaling showed. It grows quickly, until it has never been sick, but we conscientiously sprayed it in spring and autumn against diseases and pests.

Description A medium-ripening variety (early September). The tree is medium-sized with a spreading crown. Fruits are large 50 g, the color is bright yellow, on the sunny side there is a slight blush, the fruits inside the crown are without blush. The pulp is dense, juicy, crispy, sweet. the bone is well separated. Good dried fruits and compotes are obtained from the fruits. Winter hardiness is high.

Honey yellow or white

It is one of the record holders for the size of a tree, which can reach a height of 7 m. The crown is thin, as few branches are formed. However, this does not affect the yield indicators in any way. It is cultivated everywhere and can grow in cold areas. The first fruits are formed in 4 years, but for the formation of ovaries, Hungarian Donetsk and Renklod Karbysheva are planted nearby.

The fruit ripens at the end of July. The fruits themselves are large - up to 50 g, pale yellow with abundant white bloom. An orange blush appears on the barrel facing the sun. The pulp is amber, sweet and honey, there is also a honey aroma. The fruits are transportable, the yield is high. Pluses of plum - resistance to frost down to -30 ° C, drought and disease.

Cultivated in warm regions, it does not tolerate frosty weather. In the middle lane it takes root well, but requires mandatory shelter for the winter. The tree is of medium size, its distinctive feature is its versatility.

Begins to bear fruit after 4 years, but at intervals. Pollinator assistants are planted nearby: Hungarian Moscow or Pulkovo, Skorospelka red. Fruits ripen late - in the third decade of September. Yields are low.

The fruits are prone to dropping and cracking. They are light yellow with a white bloom, medium up to 26 g. Their flesh is yellow-green, fragrant with a sweet taste and a hint of spice. Of the minuses, there is a predisposition to perforated spotting, often plum aphids settle on it.

Crown and leaves

The trees are vigorous - they reach a height of 5 and even 5.5 meters, which somewhat complicates the collection of fruits. Forms an oval or rounded pyramidal crown, the density of leaf coverage varies from sparse to medium. Shoots of “Smolinka” are weakly curved with medium-sized internodes. The shape of the buds is somewhat different - flowering grows rather ovoid, vegetative - conical.

The leaves have a rounded-wedge-shaped base, the surface is without edge. The edges turn upwards somewhere towards the top, they are medium serrated. Color - from light to bright green, with anthocyanin petioles and rather large yellowish-green glands.

Morning

Russian plum variety with periodic fruiting. The first fruits appear in the fourth year, but once every 4 years the plum rests and does not bear fruit. The yield indicator is high up to 50 kg, but the ripening is extended.

The first ripe fruits are harvested from the beginning of August. They are of medium size, painted greenish-yellow, covered with a white coating. The barrel, facing the sun, quickly turns red. The variety does not require pollinators. Winter hardiness, immunity to diseases and pests is average.

Plum follow-up care

Correct pruning of plums helps to further increase yields, get good large fruits, and protect against diseases and pests. Immediately after planting a young tree, about a third of each branch is cut into the ground.If growth has stopped, then the branch is cut to the older wood. A good time for pruning is early spring, April. This cannot be done in autumn. If a complete pruning is carried out, then no hemp is left. If there are a lot of fruits, and they pull the lower branches downwards, then they should be cut off. There is no need to chase the number of branches, on the contrary, it is important to thin them out, so there will be more harvest. Weak, lethargic and spoiled shoots should not remain on the tree, they are removed. Each pruning procedure is limited to one quarter of the pruned shoots. When the plum has grown by 2 meters, its growth should be limited to increase the number of fruits.

As a top dressing in the spring, use urea, potassium sulfate in quantities of 40 grams. When the plums begin to pour, the substances interfere with 30 grams of each and fertilize. When all the fruits are ripe and fell off, add superphosphate in the same amount. Nitrogen should not be fed in autumn.

To protect against mice and hares, gardeners use special nets.

The giant plum loves moisture. It takes two buckets of water a day if the tree has already grown. Midsummer is a dry time, and the fruits are pouring, so at this moment you need to pay special attention to moisture. In August, watering is stopped.

For the winter period, the tree is covered.

Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention

Plum varieties Gigantic are often affected by the following diseases:

1. Clasterosporium disease.
2. Moniliosis, rot.
3. Rust.
4. Coccomycosis.
5. Sooty fungus.
6. Root cancer.
7. Marsupial disease.
8. Milky shine.
9. Silkworms are harmful.
10. Goldtails.
11. Sawflies.
12. Hawthorn.
13. Fruit moths.

For the prevention and treatment of the tree, gardeners use copper oxychloride, Bordeaux mixture 1%, fungicide. To protect from pests, Nitrofen, Karbofos, Benzophosphate are bred.

Bogatyrskaya

The variety was bred by Soviet specialists and is intended for cultivation in the Volgograd region. A medium-sized tree with curved branches that extend from the trunk at an acute angle. For formative pruning, it is advisable to leave horizontal branches, as those growing vertically or at an acute angle break easily under the weight of the crop.

Fruiting occurs 4–5 years after a one-year-old seedling is planted in the ground. Plum bears fruit annually. She does not need pollinating neighbors. The harvest ripens in the twentieth of August. Fruits are dark purple, large - weighing 30-60 g. Ripe plums become black. Yield indicators are high, up to 80 kg are removed from the tree.

The fruits are transportable. Store in cool conditions for up to 20 days. The advantages of this variety also include high frost resistance and resistance to diseases - moniliosis (fruit rot), clasterosporium and pests.

The variety is recommended to be grafted onto felt cherries, apricots, cherry plums and large-fruited thorns. Life expectancy depends on the rootstock and ranges from 15 to 30 years.

Imperial

It is a columnar plum variety that is becoming more and more popular with gardeners as it requires much less space. It is grown in the Kuban and the gardens of the Ciscaucasia. It takes root in the Middle Lane, but requires additional care. The tree resembles a narrow pyramid in appearance and reaches a maximum of two meters in height.

It is resistant to frost, but seedlings up to three years old are more sensitive to cold weather, they need to be insulated for the winter. It does not tolerate drought and heat well, since the main part of the roots is close to the soil surface, and during the dry period the tree cannot independently extract moisture from the depths of the soil.

Plum Imperial requires pollinators - Stanley and Bluefrey in the southern regions, Renclaude Altana in colder regions. Plums ripen in mid-August, ripe fruits do not crumble. They are pink in color, sometimes a purple tint may be present. Imperial is also found with brown fruits, which do not differ in taste from pink fruits.

The fruits are large, weight is 55 g.The pulp is golden in color with a honey flavor. The yield is up to 12 kg per tree. The average life span of a plum is 15 years. From the age of 10, yields begin to decline, and 13–17-year-old trees may not yield at all.

Favorite from Mliev

Large-fruited variety, fruits weigh up to 90 g and ripen in late July and early August, are not prone to shedding. The tree has a medium size and compact crown. To form the ovary, varieties of Renkloda Altana or Ulensa or Chachakskaya are planted nearby.

The color of the fruit depends on how much sunlight hits it. Those growing in the shade remain light green, those that "bathed" in the rays acquire a bright lemon color. The pulp has a fibrous structure and a pleasant taste. The plum has good winter hardiness and disease resistance. More plum suffers from the invasion of insects - it is imperative to carry out preventive treatments.

Red meat plum

Due to its high adaptive abilities and good survival rate, it is widespread - from southern to northern regions. The tree is up to 4 m, it is highly frost-resistant and drought-resistant. Be sure to plant next to other varieties of plums - Ussuriiskaya, Skoroplodnaya, Russian and cherry plum hybrids, otherwise the harvest will not wait.

The ripening time depends on the growing region, the warmer, the earlier the fruits are removed, starting from mid-August. The yield is good up to 20 kg. The fruits are fleshy, dark red. The pulp has a strong plum aroma. The peel tastes sour with bitterness. The fruits are transportable. Plum is not susceptible to fungal diseases, but not resistant to gum flow.

Harvesting and storage

Harvesting takes place from August, when the fruits ripen and become usable. For collection and further storage of the harvest, plums are prepared in wooden boxes or baskets woven from vines. The bottom of containers for collecting food must be lined with thick paper. The fruits are placed in 4 layers to avoid strong pressure on the bottom layer. The product can be kept fresh for up to 4 weeks if placed in a cool dry place. Plums are also stored in the refrigerator for 3-4 weeks at temperatures ranging from 0 ° C to + 5 ° C.

You will be interested to know how cherry plum differs from plum.

Plum variety Gizpolinskaya is characterized by high yield rates and versatility of fruits. Due to the good transportability of the plum, it can be sold outside the growing region.